Professional Documents
Culture Documents
47
1928
1928
192817
216
427
5519
1928
71
48
Cheng-hua Wang
*
Abstract
After the Hsuchou Conference, the relationships between Chiang Kai-shek and Feng Yu-hsiang
became gradually closer. In early 1928, the two started their cooperation, working together on the warfare
of the Northern Expedition. In order to push northward, defeat Chang Shueh-liang at Northeast, and take
Peking, Chiang needed help from not only Feng Yu-hsiang but also Yen Hsi-shan at Shansi. Both Feng
and Yen also knew very well that the cooperation with Chiang would benefit them too. In other words,
the close ties among the three parties turned out to be a necessity in warfare and in mutual interests.
With the help of The Chiang Kai-shek Collections: The Chronological Events of 1928 , this paper
studies the records of the seven meetings between Chiang and Feng within the first seven month of
1928, delineating the developments of their cooperation and their friendship as well. In the meeting of
February 16, the cooperation among the three was firmly established and their friendship consolidated.
On April 27, the plans on waging wars in the areas northern of the Yellow River were decided. After
the Jinan Incident, Chiang and Feng met at Tangchiachuan on May 5, discussing the Japanese invasion
and reaching the conclusion not to fight back. On May 19, they decided to gather their armies around
Peking and Tianjin with certain attacking strategies. As to who and how to take Peking, the matters
were discussed during the meetings at Taokou and Liuwei.
After a closer look at such developments, it is clear that the Jinan Incident was a turning point.
Because of this incident, the Northern Expedition underwent great changes. First, Chang Cho-lin
announced a peace appeal and receded from his position as the government of Peking. This caused
some disagreement between Chiang and Feng in terms of warring strategies. Finally, Chiang negotiated
the conflicts between Feng and Yen as to the takeover of Peking. When Peking and Tianjin were taken,
the Chenchou Conference did not celebrate the victory of the Northern Expedition; instead, because of
international pressures and internal conflicts, Chiang and Feng had but to loosen their ties.
1928 *
**
19268
19276
19281
1928172
4567
1928
*
200412120041229
*
50
1
1928
19281
2
3
4
1
792
2865
2
1715216917
32003723417
3
1711386
4
50 17 3 27
5
0461/6077.03-05
1928
51
1927
7
12
8
19281
5
3917217
40461/6077.03-04
6
32774629
7
94-95
8
836259-261
9
17113
2254-255
17113
15
2020.10/4450.01-016/39
52
10
11
12
13
4
14
15
16 17
80
18
10
1711515
2020.10/4450.01-016/44
11
171172270
12
171172270
13
171182271
14
225-226264-265
711071
15
17117
1712129171
171212275-276
16
17118
2010.10/4450.01-0010/24
17
171182271
18
3050
2010
8017119
162020.10/4450.01-019/1
1928
53
1928118
19
26
7
20 21
22
216
23
19
171182271-272
12517118
00.1/110
20
17192816
677195204
21
67101
201
22
1673013
2020.10/4450.01-014/71
23
17216
2429-430
54
[
]
[]
24
25
26
2626
1937
27 28
218 42
47
29
30
228
24
172162430-431
25
716310
26
19921
27
1984591
28
19282178
243117218
811
29
7368712
1
30
172262447
1928
55
31
37
32
10
33
310
34
35
192711
36
37
38
31
3617232
28
172282451130
229
32
310
33
173102502
34
17310
08020003008B-02320
35
173122508
36
1611152394
37
173162524
38
173192546
56
39
19283
40
33129
41
311560
42
427
43
39
172252443-444
40
173252560-561
41
173312579581-582
42
594
43
1742799
31747200312
268
1928
57
44
535
45
46
47
48
49
5
44
1742816
2020.10/4450.01-019/78
45
17553278-279
46
1755
2458
601
47
601
48
17563280
2458
49
1755910
58
50
51
57
52
53
9
54
10
55
56
57
50
19
1293
51
17563284-285
52
17573288
53
1757
032020.10/4450.01-017/88
54
17 5
9 1
70 9
139-140
55
175103305
56
17
511172020.10/4450.01-020/39
175113310-311
57
20
1927-1928
1928
59
58
59
60
51
539
11
12
61
20041143
58
1751116
2020.10/4450.01-019/97
59
6317515
70461/6077.03-07
60
1759
1751116
2020.10/4450.01-019/96
61
2865
234-237
60
59
11
62
12
63
64
65
66
67
62
6217511
70461/6077.03-07
63
1751217192816
813-814
64
175123322-324
65
1751218
2020.10/4450.01-021/2
66
6317515
70461/6077.03-07
67
1751318
1928
61
68
69
70
514
71
72
12
73
(1)
(2)12
74
75
19268
2020.10/4450.01-021/3
68
1751318
2020.10/4450.01-021/4
69
175153357
70
175133339-340
1751316
2020.10/4450.01-019/103
71
175143343-344
72
175143350
73
1751217192816
825-826
74
17513
182020.10/4450.01-021/5
75
516
62
76
515
77
78
518
79
519
80
3010
81
76
1582007
2020.10/4450.01-007/4
77
175153350-351
1751518
2020.10/4450.01-021/5
78
175183374-375
79
17518
1198
80
175193380
2462
81
17
1928
63
82
83
84
1927
85
1925
86
87 88
22
5202010.10/4450.01-0013/19
82
175203382
83
1732293-4
84
6617525
70461/6077.03-07
85
602276
86
199912184-185
87
175203383-384
88
65
1355
64
89
90
91
92
89
175243410-411
17524
2010.10/4450.01-0013/43
90
17643478
91
17524
99
92
175233400-401
1928
65
93
94
95
96
97
98
93
17520
1761
0372.42/1123.11
94
518
95
5475854
96
1752218
2020.10/4450.01-021/13
97
17522
1200
98
1752218
2020.10/4450.01-021/18
66
99
100
101
102
103
522
104
99
1752218
2020.10/4450.01-021/1517522
3393395-396
100
17522
1752218
2020.10/4450.01-021/172217525
0372.42/1123.11
101
17522
94
102
175223397-398
103
4745885
128
104
1752303
2020.10/4450.01-017/27
1928
67
105
106
107
108
109
110
514
510
111
50 1751850
50
112
25
105
239
106
175233401-403
107
175233402
108
175233404
109
1752503
2020.10/4450.01-017/100
110
1752503
2020.10/4450.01-017/101
111
175
142010.10/4450.01-0013/8
112
17526
08020003308B-02330
68
529
113
114 115
116
530
117 118
2
113
175293443
4402462
114
1753018
2020.10/4450.01-021/2017530
3454
115
17529915
116
604
117
175303457
118
175313461
1928
69
119
120
121
62
122
123
124
125
119
17531346217531
915
120
17613468
121
239-240
122
17623470-471
123
604-60511
12
2462
124
176316
2020.10/4450.01-019/1501763
3472-473
125
176233471473
126
1762
99
70
126
127
128
129
130
52528
3031
6262
4
4
4
131
127
17622468
128
17632468-469
129
176318
2020.10/4450.01-021/26551763
3473
130
17633474
131
176418
2020.10/4450.01-021/29
1928
71
132
133
4
134
135
66
136
6
137
138
67
132
176518
2020.10/4450.01-021/29
133
176418
2020.10/4450.01-021/27
134
176718
2020.10/4450.01-021/38
135
17610
3171977
9992-993
136
176618
2020.10/4450.01-021/30
176618
2020.10/4450.01-021/36
137
176818
2020.10/4450.01-021/47
13-17695231
138
176618
2020.10/4450.01-021/331766
3482-483
72
139
140
7
141
6
142
143
144
145
146
68
139
176718
2020.10/4450.01-021/371767
3487
140
176734
1761767
3487-488
141
17672470
142
176834
176
143
176918
2020.10/4450.01-021/48
144
176818
2020.10/4450.01-021/44
145
176416
2020.10/4450.01-019/153
146
1761018
2020.10/4450.01-021/53
1928
73
147
148
149
150
69
151
152
153
154
147
2
734357-358
148
176918
2020.10/4450.01-021/49
149
176918
2020.10/4450.01-021/50
150
17693493-494
151
520-521
152
17693494
153
17610
182020.10/4450.01-021/52
154
176113502
74
155
156
61112
157
158
159
6184
160
161
155
176122471
156
176113503
157
1761218
2020.10/4450.01-021/64
31719993-994
158
17613
1761516
2020.10/4450.01-019/157
159
176143513-514
160
176182475
161
1761818
2020.10/4450.01-021/81
1761818
2020.10/4450.01-021/82
1928
75
162
163
164
165
626712
166
10
2
167
746
162
176182
476-47817618
19851067
163
753
164
1928 6 20 145
00.1/35
165
176143516-517
166
8
17713574576
606-607
167
17723577
76
168
169
10
19276
1928
216
4
27
55
19
168
17763591607
169
521
1928
77
71
1927
6192876
7
170
55
170
17663484
78
1928
1928
79
2020.10/4450.01-01703
2020.10/4450.01-00707
2020.10/4450.01-01413
2020.10/4450.01-01615
2020.10/4450.01-01916
2020.10/4450.01-02017
2020.10/4450.01-02118
08B-02320 17 1 6
2010.10/4450.01-0013
0372.42/1123.11
0461/6077.03
00.1/35
00.1/110
2169173
20037
31747
200312
80
1
19
171928
16677
2
734
1992
1
6022
65 1
6710
327
746
1984
1985 10
7110
3
1719779
1928
81
1612
36172
199912
836
716
792
13-17
695
1927-1928
200411
7368712
474588
5
54758
2865
2
865