2014

How to find Sewer & Storm water collection

networks Loads ?

Eng. Ahmad Ibrahim Dadou

This approach provides a totally new, fast and accurate way to calculate the manhole
loads using the ArcHydro tools.

A7mad-3abd@hotmail.com
00970-597320080
Eng. Ahmad Ibrahim Dadou.

Table of Contents
1-INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................5
2-ASSUMPTINS .........................................................................................................5
3-METHODOLGY .........................................................................................................6
4-TOOLS EXPLAINATION ................................................................................................6
4.1- Convert the AutoCAD files to Shapfiles:- ................................................................7
3.1.1- Import the CAD file .......................................................................................7
3.1.2- Separate each layer alone..............................................................................7
3.1.3- Exporting the data to shapfiles. .....................................................................7
4.2- Create Digital Elevation Model (DEM):- .................................................................8
4.2.1-Needed Data:-...............................................................................................8
4.2.2-Procedure:-...................................................................................................8
4.3- Export Manholes or catch basin and conduit ........................................................ 10
4.4-Excavate Manholes or catch basin and conduits .................................................... 11
4.4.1- Define a projection for manholes and conduit................................................ 11
4.4.2- preparation of manholes ............................................................................. 12
4.4.3- DEM preparation ........................................................................................ 12
4.4-Find the catch basin catchments ......................................................................... 13
4.4.1- Find the sub catchments.............................................................................. 13
4.4.2- Check the resultant sub catchments ............................................................. 13
4.5-Depression Evaluation ........................................................................................ 14
4.6- Flow Direction: ................................................................................................. 14
4.7-Flow accumulation............................................................................................. 14
4.8-Longest flow path .............................................................................................. 15
4.9-Slope Calculation ............................................................................................... 15
4.10- Remove the unnecessary catchments................................................................ 16
5-Catchbasin Load .......................................................................................................18
5.1- Calculate time of concentration Tc ...................................................................... 18
5.1.1- Find runoff coefficient value ........................................................................ 18
5.1.2-Prepare the slope value (%) .......................................................................... 18
5.1.3-Prepare the length values (ft)........................................................................ 19
5.1.4-Find the value of Tc ...................................................................................... 19
5.2-Catchment preparation ...................................................................................... 20
5.2.1- Catchments Area ........................................................................................ 20

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5.2.2- Catch basin label ........................................................................................ 20

5.2.3- Time of concentration ................................................................................. 21
6-MANHOLES LOADS ................................................................................................... 22

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Dedication
1- Family :

To the grandest parents ever, to dear FATHER and MOTHER, to drear brothers and
sisters:Pharmacist Hib Dadou , Eng. Sajeda Dadou , Arch. Ysra Dadou , Dent. Abd Al-Hadi
Dadou, Eng. Jenan Dadou and my little brat brother Mohammad Dadou.

2- Teachers :

To the most wonderful masters: Dr. Ehab Hijazi, Dr. Mohammad N. Almasri, Dr. Abd Al-Halim
Khader, Dr. Zeiad Alkiswani, and to Dr. Najeh Tamim.

3- Friends and Partners :

To the best friends ever: Eng. Khader Abou Madi, Eng.Ahmad Abasi, Eng. Naser Hassan,
Eng.Emad Yahya, Eng. Mohammad Shtya, and Eng. Ahmad Sarhan.

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1-INTRODUCTION
This way increases the efficiency of the design Engineer. By providing very high accurate
results (approximately 100%), in very short time.

Very Short time

High Accuracy
Shorter time
Medium accuracy

Long time
Low accuracy

2-ASSUMPTINS
Roads as an open channel segments.
Manholes as sink points.
The needed catchments are the sink drainage area.

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3-METHODOLGY

4-TOOLS EXPLAINATION
The Arc Hydro extinction is the millstone of this study, but for sure other tools from
Arc Map were used, so I will explain all the tools that we are going to use (from A-Z).
But for sure you must setup the ArcHydro before we start:-

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4.1- Convert the AutoCAD files to Shapfiles:-

This is the most important step, since the data we took from the municipalities are
in Auto CAD forms (.dwg or .dxf), to be in the safe side, always convert the AutoCAD
files to .dxf extension.

3.1.1- Import the CAD file

Add the AutoCAD file, and Check it to know each layer unique value. We can do this
using "Identify tool" .
(add the AutoCAD file choose the AutoCAD file "Al-Khader" )

3.1.2- Separate each layer alone

(Right click on the polyline layers definition query build query double
click on the Layer field single click on the (=) single click on "Get unique
value" if you want the road layer choose "1"

(Note-1: here we are writing a conditions. Only the features that achieve this
condition will be show)

3.1.3- Exporting the data to shapfiles.

right click on the polyline layers Data export data Choose the needed
location to save the shapfile (make sure that "Save as type" to be" Shapfile ")
choose "yes" to add the layer to data frame.

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(Note-2:: sometimes the layers are separated by their colures so the query will be
based on this colors which defined as numbers)

(Note-3: we will do this to export Boundary of the study area, counter lines, and the
point of elevation)

4.2- Create Digital Elevation Model (DEM):-

(DEM
We will convert the feature class which is in vector form to raster as a digital
elevation model (DEM
DEM)) which is the milestone of the ArcHydro applications and later
on it may be used in many other things.

4.2.1-Needed Data:-
Data:
Boundary of the area you need to make the DEM for and it must be in polygon
form (choose search or "Ctrl+F" look for
feature to polygon add the Boundary layer (which is in polyline form)
choose the output location OK)
Contours and point of elevation
Be careful, all this data and the data frame must be defined to known projection,
in Palestine we use the " Pales ne_1923_Pales ne_Grid " ( If you don't know
how to do it, take a look at sec on 4.4.1)
4.4.1
You need to determine
determ the needed cell size which is the accuracy indication.

4.2.2-Procedure:-
Add boundary , Contours , and the point elevation to Arc map
Make sure that the 3D Analysis ex nc on is turned
turn on,, if it's not turned on look at
the following pictures

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Open the tool box to be like this :

Choose " topo to raster"

raster and the following window will appear

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Insert boundary, contours, and point of elevation layers.

Boundary the type must be boundary and the field will not be available to be
change.
"Contours type" must be contour, and "field" must change to the field which
contains the elevation values in the contours layer (RElevation).
"Point of elevation type"
type must be change to point elevation, and "field "must
change to the field which contain the elevation values (Elv).
Output cell size,, or spatial resolution indicate the
he level of detail (of
features/phenomena) represented by a raster. The cell must be small enough to
capture the required detail but large enough so computer storage and analysis
can be performed efficiently. In general it's depending on the next steps (why
you need this DEM?),
DEM here because we have a small area and good tools the cell
size will be "1".
For the other options, you can leave it as the default setting.
Then press OK.

(Note-4:
4: you can make the DEM without the point of eleva on layer)

4.3- Export Manholes or catch basin and conduit

You must build your model on SewerCAD or StormCAD before you start calculating
the loads or anything else. This will give us the ability to connect the results from
ArcMap or from Excel with SewerCAD and StormCAD, without any problem problem, since
the labels will be the same, and we will use the labels to join the needed data.

Open SewerCAD open the flex table of the manholes click on the

chose the location that you would like to

save the shapfile in make sure that the elds names are small (less than 8
characters) click OK

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Repeat this for conduit, and for catch basin

(Note-5: if you need to export the direction arrows (after you run the model) you
have to export the whole model in AutoCAD form, this can be done for water,
sewer, and storm networks).

4.4-Excavate Manholes or catch basin and conduits

This will be done by "DEM Reconditioning tool". This tool used to make changes in
the DEM (we will use it to excavate the road network and the manholes, in the row
DEM), but the only vector data type that we can use it make DEM reconditioning is
polyline, so we will change the points to circular lines. This explains what we are
going to do in the next steps:

4.4.1- Define a projection for manholes and conduit

If this data have a coordinate system this step can be skipped but if it's not do the
following:

Open tool box data management tools projections and transformations

defined projection choose the needed layer the coordinate system choose
projected National grids Asia "Pales ne_1923_Pales ne_Grid"

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4.4.2- preparation of manholes

In this stage we are going to convert the manholes from points to polyline

Add the manholes layer look for "buffer tool" make a 0.1 m buer look for
"feature to lines tool" convert the buffer results to polyline

4.4.3- DEM preparation

Terrain preprocessing DEM manipulation DEM reconditioning RAW DEM =
DEM AGREE stream= Manholes (polyline) Buffer = street width (depend on the
DEM cell size, EX: if the cell size is 1, and streets width are 12 m, then choose the
buer to be 12) we will do this for manholes and conduits, the values we will use
are shown in the table below:

Manholes Conduit
Type Polyline Polyline
Raw DEM DEM_C DEM
Output DEM DEM_C_M DEM_C
Buffer 12 12
Smooth drop 12 0
Sharp drop 1000 1000

DEM_C_M: this DEM will be used for most of operations that we will do.

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4.4-Find the catch basin catchments

This will be done by the "Sink Evaluation tool". This tool is used to compute the
point which the water will accumulate in as polygons called (Sink Poly) and the
catchment of each Sink Poly will be in the (Sink DA)

(Note-6: Sink Poly = manholes, Sink DA = Each Manhole catchment including the
road area, and this is what we are looking for).

4.4.1- Find the sub catchments

Terrain preprocessing DEM manipulation Sink Evaluation DEM= DEM_C_M

4.4.2- Check the resultant sub catchments

In this step we will check the whole catchment that made by the "sink evaluation".

right click on the "sink DA" edit feature start editing merge each two or
more catchments that you expect it will have the same out let (see PIC.2) that
means catchment no. 72 and no. 76 have the same out let, so we have to merge it to
gother select the catchments that you need to merge and click on Merge as
shown in PIC.1

(Note-7: why we didn't use union?? Because the merge give us one feature,
however Union gives us three features, (EX: union give use 72, 76, and a polygon for
both polygons)

Right click on "sink DA" open attribute table table option add field
(choose it type "Double") right click on the field name calculate geometry
"area" in m2

PIC.1

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PIC.2

4.5-Depression Evaluation
This tool is used to find the depression areas and it's drainage area (DA), but usually
we try to eliminate this areas to have the maximum load due to a storm (maximum
load occurs when all the depressions are filled)

Terrain preprocessing DEM manipulation Depressions Evaluation DEM=DEM

4.6- Flow Direction:

This tool will give us a layer explains how the water flows at the ground surface; we
will need this layer in the next tool
Terrain preprocessing Flow Direction DEM =DEM outer wall polygon = Null

4.7-Flow accumulation
This tool will help us to determine the out fall location since it will give us the
dendritic drainage pattern

Terrain preprocessing Flow Accumulation DEM = DEM

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Dendritic Drainage Pattern

(Note-8: for the sewer we will stop here, calculate area for each catchment and then
join it with the manholes (we must calculate the number of people live in one m2
and multiply it by area, to get the population of each catchment, assuming we have
a constant per capita of sewer generation, then using SewerCAD we will insert the
load as in ex.2.3 from Dr. Mohammad Al-Masri Lectures for more information see
chapter 5)

4.8-Longest flow path

This tool used to calculate the longest flow path for any catchment area, we will use
it to find the longest flow path (geometry and length), and then using the length and
the slope of this line we will calculate the time of concentration according to this
equation:

. ( . ) .
T c= . .. (4.1)
Where:
Tc: time of concentration (min)
C: rational coefficient (unit less)
L: longest flow path (ft)
S: catchment slope (%)
So we will start by generating this flow path, to do so follow these steps:-

Water shed processing longest flow path Derange Area = Sink DA Flow
Direction = fdr OK

(Note-9: this process take a lot of time until it finish, it's depending on the tools
quality)

4.9-Slope Calculation
We know that we have six methods to calculate the slope for line (review Hydraulics
lectures) but here we will calculate the slope in 10-85 method and the exact slope so
we will see the following results:-

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Fields Descriptions
LengthMi length of the line in miles
Slp085FM slope in Feet per mile
Slp dimensionless slope
Slp1085 slope 10-85 in miles dimensionless
ElevUP elevation at the start point
ElevDS elevation at the end point
Elev10 elevation at point located at 10 %
Elev85 elevation at point located at 85 %

For sure we will use the "Slp" field which is the real slope but we have to multiply it
by 100% to be able to use it in the me of concentra on equa on
To do so follow these steps:
Water shed processing Flow path parameters flow path parameters from 2D
lines longest flow path = the one we generate in the previous step RAW
DEM = DEMMC OK open the attribute tables of the longest flow path to
see the results in the table

4.10- Remove the unnecessary catchments

In this step, we will remove all the catchments that have no out let point by doing
the following steps:

Right click on Sink DA layer edit feature start editing

Selection select by location Target layer = Sink DA source layer = catch

basin OK

Open the Sink DA attribute table click on Switch selection icon Delete stop
editing and save

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5-Catchbasin Load
5.1- Calculate time of concentration Tc
According to equa on 4.1 we will get the me in minutes if we subs tute the values
in the explained units , so we have adjust the resultant values to be able to use this
equation

5.1.1- Find runoff coefficient value

The values of this parameter will be found using the tables, as explained in
Hydraulics and Hydrology courses, but here we will learn how to insert it in the
"Longest flow path" attribute table. To do so follow these steps:

(Note-10: This is the table option icon)

Table option Add field Name = C type Double OK right click on the field
name field calculator write the "C" value in the space OK

5.1.2-Prepare the slope value (%)

Table option Add field Name = "slope_per" type Double OK right
click on the field name field calculator double click on "Slp" single click
on (x) write 100 OK

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5.1.3-Prepare the length values (ft)

Table option Add field Name = "Length_ft" type Double OK right
click on the field name Calculate Geometry Property = length Unites =
foot. OK

5.1.4-Find the value of Tc

Table option Add field Name = "Time_min" type Double OK right
click on the field name field calculator write equa on 4.1

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5.2-Catchment preparation
Now you have all data you need, we just want to combine it together in the same
catchments features layer. This will be done in two stages, as the following:

5.2.1- Catchments Area

(Note-11: this step must be done if you didn't do it in sec on (4.7), or if any
adjustment is made on catchments polygons)

Table option Add field Name = "Area_m2" type Double OK right

click on the field name Calculate Geometry Property = Area Unites =
square meter. OK

5.2.2- Catch basin label

In this step, we will add catch basin attribute table to the catchments features
attribute table using "Spatial Join tool". To do so follow these steps:

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Open the search window look for "spatial Join" Target feature = Sink DA
join feature =Catch basin layer join operation = "Join one to one" Match
option = "contain" OK

(Note-12: we locate catch basin in StormCAD, and then export it to Shapfiles

to be able to join the data according to it's labels)

5.2.3- Time of concentration

Open the search window look for "spatial Join" Target feature = Sink DA
join feature = "longest flow path"join operation = "Join one to one" Match
option = "contain" OK

Now," Sink DA" layer contains the following fields for each catchment feature:-

1- Catchment Area
2- Time of concentration in minutes

Out flow point labels

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6-MANHOLES LOADS
From sec on (4.7) we have the area of each catchment. Here we will compute the
maximum number of people that lives in this catchment. To do so do the following:

1- Find the future population.

2- Find the total area of your study area, by the following steps:

Open the" study area" attribute table table option Add field Name =
"Area_m2" type Double OK right click on the field name Calculate
Geometry Property = Area Unites = square meter. OK

3- People density =
_
4- To find the number of people in each catchment , do the following steps:

Open the catchments attribute table table option Add field Name =
"density" Double OK

right click on the field name field calculator "density"= "Area_m2" /

"cat_area_m2" (assume that population density is 0.58)

Add field Name ="cat_pop"type Double OK right click on the field

name field calculator "cat_pop"= "density" * "cat_pop" OK

Where:

Area_m2: The area of the study area.

Density: The number of persons per meter square.

cat_area_m2: catchment area in meter square.

cat_pop: number of persons in each catchment.

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5- Now you have to join catchments tables with manholes tables

Open the search window look for "spatial Join" Target feature = manholes
layer join feature = catchment layer join operation = "Join one to one"
Match option = "within" OK

6- Export the manholes attribute table to Excel

Make sure there is no feature are selected Open manholes attribute table
table option export make sure the file extension is "text file"

open new Excel sheet Add data choose the file that we just export
in Excel window make sure to do the following :-

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open you will get this window:

Next Choose "comma" next Finish you only need the following
fields:

Manholes labels
pop (which is the number of people served by each manhole)

(Not-13: the "pop" field will be instead of the "Unit Count" from Dr. Mohammad N.
Almasri Ex 2.3)

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