LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM

Diajukan untuk memenuhi tugas mata kuliah Mekanika Fluida yang diampu oleh
Drs. H. Rakhmat Yusuf, M.T.

Disusun oleh :

Angga Herdiana (1503493)

Aris Muhaemin (1502096)

Achmad Jaya Permana (1503420)

Rizal Wijaya (1502143)

Tanty Ayu Listaningrum (1501921)

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK SIPIL

DEPARTEMEN PENDIDIKAN TEKNIK SIPIL

FAKULTAS PENDIDIKAN TEKNOLOGI DAN KEJURUAN

UNIVERSITAS PENDIDIKAN INDONESIA

BANDUNG

2016
 BAB 1

PENDAHULUAN

Obejective
Experimental determination of the total discharge time of the tank and
comparison of this value with the one obtained theoretically
Experimental determination of the drain coefficient for a small orifice
under conditions of variabel height flow.
 BAB 2

LANDASAN TEORY

By applying principles of mass conservation and the Bernoulli equation,

it can be shown that the theoretical velocity of a jet at an orifice from a
static head height, h, is

v 2g h

To account for frictional losses through the orifice, the coefficient of

velocity Cv is used, rendering equation (1) into

v Cv 2 g h

1 x2
y g 2
2 v
Knowing that x = v t and where x and y are the positions of
the jet in the horizontal and vertical directions respectively, equation
(2) can be rearranged to yield the coefficient of velocity by:

x2 x
Cv
4yh 2 yh

Thus, by measuring the positions of the jet for a given head height, the
coefficient of velocity Cv can be determined. Though it is not within the
scope of this apparatus to determine the diameter of the jet at the
plane of the Vena Contracta (area of the jet with the smallest
diameter), the coefficient of discharge Cd may be determined using the
Emptying of a Tank by an Orifice Procedure. Then Cc , the ratio between
the area of the jet at the Vena Contracta and the area of the orifice,
can be defined using Cv and the coefficient of discharge Cd by:

Cd
Cc
Cv
(4)
 BAB 3

PROSEDUR PRAKTEK

Apparatus :

1. Stopwatch
2. Spidol
3. Orifice and free jat flow
4. Venner Capiler

PROCEDURE
1. Obtain the Orifice and Free Jet Flow module from the 2B60
module storage bay.
2. Place the Orifice and Free Jet module on one of the Hydraulics
benches found on the 2B level of the ITL near the door of the
Machining Studio with the head tank on your left side.

3. Ensure that the green hose on the left is tightly secured to the
head tank and drains into the bench.

4. Connect the inlet quick release connector (the hose attached to

the base of the head tank) to the inlet in the bench basin by
pushing down on the ring, inserting the hose, and releasing the
ring. Be sure the connection has locked and the ball bearings are
not visible (it may take some force to ensure the connection is
secure).

5. Secure the smallest orifice plate with O-rings to the head tank
using the thumb screws.

Figure 1: Thumb Screw and Orifice Plate

6. Take two pieces of graph paper and tape them together so that
they are at least 17 long. Place them on the backboard and
secure it in place with the clip. Raise the needles to clear a path
for a water jet by adjusting the thumb screws.

7. Make sure the rubber stop between the overflow tank and the
head tank is removed and set aside (do not lose it!).

8. Verify that the main control flow valve is completely shut (Turned
all the way clockwise)

9. Turn the motor switch ON. Confirm pump operation by listening

to the motor.
 Motor Switch

Main Control Valve

Figure 2: Motor Switch & Main Control Valve

10. Slowly open the main control flow valve on the

Hydraulics Bench. The head tank should fill with water.

11. Once the level in the head tank reaches the overflow
pipe, adjust the main control flow valve until the level in
the head tank stays constant.

12. Record the head height using the scale on the side of
the head tank.

13. Ensure that the water jet being emitted from the
orifice coincides with the row of measuring needles. If not,
level the apparatus using the adjustable feet and the level
at the base of the head tank.

14. Take note of the Vena Contracta (the most reduced

diameter of the jet stream). Is the cross sectional area of
the jet of water coming out of the orifice the same as the
area of the orifice? Estimate whether or not the coefficient
of contraction Cc is close to unity.

15. Adjust each of the needles in turn to determine the

jet path, marking the position of the tops of the needles on
the sheet of paper on the backboard. The vertical
difference between the top of the needle that lines up with
the orifice and the top of the needle that you are
experimentally measuring is your y value. Your x value is
simply the horizontal distance between the orifice and each
needle.

16. Repeat for 3 more different head heights. Replace the

rubber stopper and carefully adjust the flow so the water
 level in the head tank is steady for each of your different
head heights. BE CAREFUL NOT TO OVERFLOW THE HEAD
TANK. Record the head level using the scale on the side of
the head tank.

17. Repeat for the other orifice plates.

18. At the end of your experiment, turn the main control

flow valve of the Hydraulics Bench OFF.

19. Turn OFF the pump motor.

20. Carefully disconnect the inlet quick release connector

to the Orifice and Jet Apparatus and empty the water from
the tube and the head tank into the bench.

21. Clean up any water that may have spilled onto the
floor or on the bench.

22. Return the module.

BAB 4

HASIL PENELITIAN
 BAB 5

CONCLUSIONS

In the analysis carried out to obtain the equation , C D has been

considered as constant. Explaind by means of the errors assumed in
such supposition, as well as the ones that we assume when supposing
that there is no head loss, aand the differencens between the time
measured and the theoretical time