PROJECT CIRCUIT

ANALYSIS
Temperature Controlled DC Fan

CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
Syed Saqib Hassan 15-TE-62
Umair Ahmed 15-TE-52
Summer Iftikhar 15-TE-84
 PROJECT CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

Temperature Controlled DC Fan

This circuit can cool your heat generating electronic devices by operating a DC
fan when the temperature in its vicinity increases above the preset level. Its
operation is fully automatic and turns off when the temperature returns normal.
It uses a small 12V DC brushless fan used in computers.

Schematic of DC Fan Controlled by Temperature Circuit

COMPONENTS
 PROJECT CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
I.C uA 741
Thermistor NTC 10K
PNP Transistor BD141
DC Fan (12 V)
Diode 1N4007
VR 500k
4.7k resistor
47 ohm resistor
12V Supply

UA741 Datasheet

The UA741 is a high performance monolithic operational amplifier constructed

on a single silicon chip. UA741 can be used as

summing amplifier

voltage follower

integrator

active filter

function generator

Presentation of the tested circuit

 PROJECT CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
The circuit exploits the property of Thermistor to operate the DC Fan. Thermistor is a kind of
temperature dependent resistor and its resistance varies depending on the temperature in its vicinity.
There are two types of Thermistors- NTC and PTC.

Negative temperature coefficient (NTC) Thermistor decreases its resistance when the temperature
increases while Positive temperature coefficient (PTC) increases its resistance when the temperature
increases. Thermistors are bead like resistors available from 100 ohms to 10K or more values. Here a
4.7K NTC Thermistor is used. IC uA 741 is used as a voltage comparator to switch on the DC fan. Its
INV input (pin2) gets an adjustable voltage through VR while its Non-INV (pin3) input gets voltage
through a potential divider comprising R1 and the Thermistor. Thus the voltage at pin3 depends on
the conductivity of the Thermistor.

When the temperature is normal (as set by VR), pin3 gets higher voltage than pin2 and makes the
output of IC high as indicated by Red LED. This high output keeps T1 off since its base is positive.
DC fan remains off in this condition. When the temperature increases above the value set by VR,
resistance of Thermistor decreases and the voltage at pin3 decreases. As a result, output of IC
becomes low to switch on T1.

A small brush less DC fan (one used in computers) turns on to increase the air circulation. When the
temperature returns normal, Fan automatically turns off. Diode 1N4007 is necessary to remove back
EMF when T1 turns off.