A) Project Title: Bali Beach Conservation Project

B) Project owner/Borrower/Executing Agency:

Government of Republic of Indonesia
Directorate General of Water Resources
Ministry of Public Works
Operation and Maintenance: Bali River Basin Organization
C) Main Consultant:
PT. Yodya Karya and Necon Ciptajasa Institut Teknologi Bandung
(Indonesia)
Universitas Gadjah Mada (Indoesia)
Nippon Koei Co., Ltd (JV)
D) Main Contractor:
Taisei-Rinkai-PP (Indonesia)
PT. Pembangunan Perumahan (Indonesia)
Taisei Corporation (Japan)
Rinkai Construction Co., Ltd (Japan)
PT. Waskita Karya (Indonesia)
Penta Ocean Construction Co., Ltd (Japan)
E) Location:

The Project site is located at the Southern part of Indonesia.

F) Project Duration
Planned project period was 6 years from December 1996 to November 2002,
however it actually took 12 years and 1 month, from December 1996 to
December 2008, 201% longer than planned.

G) Project Background
Indonesia is made up of many island and coastal erosion had begun to be
identified. One of the popular places in this country is Bali, known for its
wonderful and longshore beaches and coast lines. But due to over
exploitation of coral reefs, fast-paced urbanization and the acceleration of
economic growth and tourism, coastal erosion in the southern area such as
Sanur, Nusa Dua, Kuta beaches and the Tanah Lot Temple had become even
more widespread as the years went by. The decrease in land and productive
resources, due to coastal erosion, was so serious to threaten the living
environment of many residents, especially the local fishermen. Thus, it was
 considered to take measures on coastal conservation of the tourism industry,
infrastructural development of economic and society, and residents living
stability.
The development plan of Indonesia focused on development and
environmental conservation for the natural resources and in line with this,
restoring and conserving land depleted by coastal erosion was deemed
important. The plan advocated the necessity of infrastructural
development regarding environmental conservation and coastal erosion
prevention. The plan is aiming to conserve and restore the 230 km
coastline of 27 locations in the country, which includes the Bali Island.
H) Significance of the Project

A Complex Environmental Problem

Shoreline retreat has occurred due to the destruction of coral reefs by mining,
beach sand extraction, and manmade channel cut through the reef. The effect of
this was that the natural offshore reefs reduced to absorb and attenuate the
wave energy before reaching the beachfront. But, when the corals were
removed, stronger waves came through the lagoon, presumably, eroding the
beachfront and making certain parts of the beach unusable. Besides this,
lowering the give effect to an increased beach slope and caused some slump of
beach sand into the lagoon.
The purpose of the project is to decrease the damage of coastal erosion around
the southern coast areas of Bali Island where the erosion expanded and the sand
areas decreased due to the influence of the waves, by implementing civil works
such as beach nourishment and constructing groins, submerged breakwaters,
and offshore breakwaters. Hence, contributing to improve the living conditions
for local residents, to enhance economic activities, and to promote the tourism in
the island.
Bali Island suffered greatly from aggressive waves that caused greater coastal
erosion. The total length of the coastline is 438 km and damages from coastal
erosion occurred along approximately 182 km.
I) Project Highlights
 J) Concepts, Principles, Theories and Procedures in Coastal
Engineering that were applied in the design/implementation of
the project.
Project Outputs
Civil works, including beach nourishment to include or restore by adding sand
to the coastline where erosion had become widespread were done.
Construction of groins were also done. Structures positioned at a right angle
to the coastline. Several to dozens of them are set up with a certain distance
between each other. They were effective of controlling nearshore currents that
emerge parallel to the coast, and they prevent sand from being washed away.
Either T-shaped or straight groins are chosen and set-up according to the local
geography and convective condition of the waves. Artificial reefs were also put
in the site, they are expanded crowns (uppermost part of the structure) of off-
shore breakwaters while submerged breakwaters are structures put into place
under water and both are effective at dissipating the force of the waves and
vanishes them. Meanwhile, offshore breakwaters are structure positioned off
the coast effective at weakening the offshore. As they prevent offshore waves,
they also function as collecting the sand.
Eroded Beaches in Sanur
References:

(1) Pujianiki, N.N. (2004). Strategy Planning: Shore Protection Work for Sanur
Beach. Berkana Ilimiah Teknik Keairan. Vol.13, No.3

(2) Onaka, S., Endo, M., Uda, T. (2013). Bali Beach Conservation Project and
Issues Related to Beach Maintenance After Completion of Project

(3) Inazawa, K. Ex-post Evaluation of Bali Beach Conservation Project

(4) Endo, M. et, al. Shoreline Rotation Caused by Large-Scale Excavation of

Reef Flat on Sanur Beach in Bali

(5) Sudiarta, K. and Sastwaran, G. (2009). Integrated Beach Conservation for

Sustainable Tourism Development and Disaster Mitigation Impact in
Denpasar Municipality, Bali, Indonesia
Bali Beach Conservation Project
(Sanur Beach)

Submitted by: Eartha B. Becoado

CE 113: Coastal Engineering