Chapter10

StatisticalInferenceAboutMeansand
ProportionswithTwoPopulations

LearningObjectives

1. Beabletodevelopintervalestimatesandconducthypothesistestsaboutthedifferencebetweentwo
populationmeanswhen 1 and 2 areknown.

2. Knowthepropertiesofthesamplingdistributionof x1 x2 .

3. Beabletousethetdistributiontoconductstatisticalinferencesaboutthedifferencebetweentwo
populationmeanswhen 1 and 2 areunknown.

4. Learnhowtoanalyzethedifferencebetweentwopopulationmeanswhenthesamplesare
independentandwhenthesamplesarematched.

5. Beabletodevelopintervalestimatesandconducthypothesistestsaboutthedifferencebetweentwo
populationproportions.

6. Knowthepropertiesofthesamplingdistributionof p1 p2 .

Solutions:

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Chapter10

1. a. x1 x2 =13.611.6=2

b. z / 2 z.05 1.645

12 22
x1 x2 1.645
n1 n2

(2.2) 2 (3) 2
2 1.645
50 35

2.98 (1.02to2.98)

c. z / 2 z.025 1.96

(2.2)2 (3) 2
2 1.96
50 35

21.17 (.83to3.17)

x1 x2 D0 (25.2 22.8) 0
z 2.03
2. a. 2
2
(5.2)2 62

1 2

n1 n2 40 50

b. pvalue=1.0000.9788=.0212

c. pvalue .05,rejectH0.

x1 x2 D0 (104 106) 0
z 1.53
3. a. 2
2
(8.4) 2 (7.6) 2

1 2

n1 n2 80 70

b. pvalue=2(.0630)=.1260

c. pvalue>.05,donotrejectH0.

4. a. 1 =Populationmeanforsmallercruiseships

2 =Populationmeanforlargercruiseships

x1 x2 = 85.36 81.40 = 3.96

12 22
b. z.025
n1 n2

(4.55) 2 (3.97) 2
1.96 1.88
37 44

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 StatisticalInferenceAboutMeansandProportionswithTwoPopulations

c. 3.96 1.88 (2.08 to 5.84)

5. a. x1 x2 =135.6768.64=67.03

12 22 (35) 2 (20) 2
b. z / 2 2.576 17.08
n1 n2 40 30

c. 67.0317.08 (49.95to84.11)Weestimatethatmenspend$67.03more
thanwomenonValentinesDaywithamarginoferrorof$17.08.

6. 1 =MeanhotelpriceinAtlanta

2 =MeanhotelpriceinHouston

H0: 1 2 0

Ha: 1 2 0

z
x1 x2 D0
(91.71 101.13) 0
1.81
2
2
202 252

1 2

n1 n2 35 40

pvalue=.0351

pvalue .05;rejectH0.ThemeanpriceofahotelroominAtlantaislowerthanthemeanpriceof
ahotelroominHouston.

7. a. 1 =Populationmean2002

2 =Populationmean2003

H0: 1 2 0

Ha: 1 2 0

b. Withtimeinminutes, x1 x2 =172166=6minutes

z
x1 x2 D0
(172 166) 0
2.61
c. 2
2
122 122

1 2

n1 n2 60 50

pvalue=1.0000.9955=.0045

pvalue .05;rejectH0.Thepopulationmeandurationofgamesin2003islessthanthepopulation
meanin2002.
12 22
d. x1 x2 z.025
n1 n2

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Chapter10

122 122
(172 166) 1.96
60 50

64.5 (1.5to10.5)

e. Percentagereduction:6/172=3.5%.Managementshouldbeencouragedbythefactthatstepstaken
in2003reducedthepopulationmeandurationofbaseballgames.However,thestatisticalanalysis
showsthatthereductioninthemeandurationisonly3.5%.Theintervalestimateshowsthe
reductioninthepopulationmeanis1.5minutes(.9%)to10.5minutes(6.1%).Additionaldata
collectedbytheendofthe2003seasonwouldprovideamorepreciseestimate.Inanycase,most
likelytheissuewillcontinueinfutureyears.Itisexpectedthatmajorleaguebaseballwouldprefer
thatadditionalstepsbetakentofurtherreducethemeandurationofgames.

8. a. Thisisanuppertailhypothesistest.

H 0 : 1 2

H a : 1 2

z
x1 x2
(76 73)
2.74
2
2
62 62

1 2

n1 n2 60 60

pvalue=areainuppertailatz=2.74

pvalue=1.0000.9969=.0031

Since.0031 =.05,werejectthenullhypothesis.Thedifferenceissignificant.Wecan
concludethatcustomerservicehasimprovedforRiteAid.

b. Thisisanotheruppertailtestbutitonlyinvolvesonepopulation.

H 0 : 75.7

H a : 75.7

z
x1 75.7
(76 75.7)
.39
2
62
n1 60

pvalue=areainuppertailatz=.39

pvalue=1.0000.6517=.3483

Since.3483>=.05,wecannotrejectthenullhypothesis.Thedifferenceisnotstatistically
significant.
c. Thisisanuppertailtestsimilartotheoneinpart(a).

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 StatisticalInferenceAboutMeansandProportionswithTwoPopulations

H 0 : 1 2

H a : 1 2

z
x1 x2
(77 75)
1.83
2
2
6 2 62
1 2

n1 n2 60 60

pvalue=areainuppertailatz=1.83

pvalue=1.0000.9664=.0336

Since.0336 =.05,werejectthenullhypothesis.Thedifferenceissignificant.Wecan
concludethatcustomerservicehasimprovedforExpedia.

d. Wewillrejectthenullhypothesisofnoincreaseifthepvalue.05.Foranuppertailhypothesis
test,thepvalueistheareaintheuppertailatthevalueoftheteststatistic.Avalueofz=1.645
providesanuppertailareaof.05.So,wemustsolvethefollowingequationfor x1 x2 .

x1 x2
z 1.645
62 62

60 60

62 62
x1 x2 1.645 1.80
60 60

Thistellsusthataslongasthe2008scoreforacompanyexceedsthe2007scoreby1.80ormore
thedifferencewillbestatisticallysignificant.

e. Theincreasefrom2007to2008forJ.C.Penneyisnotstatisticallysignificantbecauseitislessthan
1.80.WecannotconcludethatcustomerservicehasimprovedforJ.C.Penney.

9. a. x1 x2 =22.520.1=2.4

2 2
s12 s22 2.52 4.82

df n1 n2 20 30 45.8
b. 2 2 2 2
1 s12 1 s22 1 2.52 1 4.82

n1 1 n1 n2 1 n2 19 20 29
30

Usedf=45.

c. t.025=2.014

s12 s22 2.52 4.82

t.025 2.014 2.1
n1 n2 20 30

d. 2.42.1 (.3 to 4.5)

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Chapter10

t
x1 x2 0 (13.6 10.1) 0 2.18
10. a. s12 s22 5.22 8.52

n1 n2 35 40

2 2
s12 s22 5.22 8.52

df n1 n2 35 40 65.7
b. 2 2 2 2
1 s12 1 s22 1 5.2 2 1 8.52

n1 1 n1 n2 1 n2 34 35 39
40

Usedf=65

c. Usingttable,areaintailisbetween.01and.025

twotailpvalueisbetween.02and.05.

Exactpvaluecorrespondingtot=2.18is.0329

d. pvalue .05,rejectH0.

54 42
11. a. x1 9 x2 7
6 6

( xi x1 ) 2
b. s1 2.28
n1 1

( xi x2 ) 2
s2 1.79
n2 1

c. x1 x2 =97=2

2 2
s12 s22 2.282 1.792

df n1 n2 6 6
9.5
d. 2 2 2 2
1 s12 1 s22 1 2.28 2 1 1.792

n1 1 n1 n2 1 n2 5 6 5 6

Usedf=9,t.05=1.833

2.282 1.792
x1 x2 1.833
6 6

22.17 (-.17 to 4.17)

12. a. x1 x2 =22.518.6=3.9

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 StatisticalInferenceAboutMeansandProportionswithTwoPopulations

2 2
s12 s22 8.42 7.42

df n1 n2 50 40 87.1
b. 2 2 2 2
1 s12 1 s22 1 8.42 1 7.42

n1 1 n1 n2 1 n2 49 50 39
40

Usedf=87,t.025=1.988

8.42 7.42
3.9 1.988
50 40

3.9 (.6 to 7.2)

xi 111.6
13. a. x1 9.3
n1 12

( xi x1 ) 2 71.12
s1 2.54
n1 1 12 1

xi 42
x2 4.2
n2 10

( xi x2 ) 2 18.4
s2 1.43
n2 10.1

b. x1 x2 =9.34.2=5.1tons

Memphisisthehighervolumeairportandhandledanaverageof5.1tonsperdaymorethan
Louisville.MemphishandlesmorethantwicethevolumeofLouisville.

2 2
s12 s22 2.542 1.432

df n1 n2 12 10
17.8
c. 2 2 2 2
1 s12 1 s22 1 2.54 2 1 1.432

n1 1 n1 n2 1 n2 11 12 9 10

Usedf=17,t.025=2.110

s12 s22
( x1 x2 ) t.025
n1 n2

2.542 1.432
5.1 2.110
12 10

5.1 1.82 (3.28 to 6.92)

14. a. H0: 1 2 0

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Chapter10

Ha: 1 2 0

x1 x2 0 (56,100 59, 400) 0

t 2.41
b. s2
s 2
(6000) 2 (7000) 2
1
2

n1 n2 40 50

2 2
s12 s22 60002 70002

df n1 n2 40 50
c. 2 2 2 2 =87.55
1 s12 1 s22
1 2
6000 1 70002

n1 1 n1 n2 1 n2 40 1 40 50 1 50

Roundingdown,wewilluseatdistributionwith87degreesoffreedom.Fromthettablewesee
thatt=2.41correspondstoapvaluebetween.005and.01.

Exactpvaluecorrespondingtot=2.41is.009.

d. pvalue .05,rejectH0.WeconcludethatthesalariesofstaffnursesarelowerinTampathanin
Dallas.

15. 1for2001season

2for1992season

H0: 1 2 0

Ha: 1 2 0

b. x1 x2 =6051=9days

9/51(100)=17.6%increaseinnumberofdays.

x1 x2 0 (60 51) 0 2.48

t
c. s12 s22 182 152

n1 n2 45 38

2 2
s12 s22 182 152

df n1 n2 45 38 81
2 2 2 2
1 s12 1 s22 1 18 1 152
2

n1 1 n1 n2 1 n2 44 45 37 38

Usingttable,pvalueisbetween.005and.01.

Exactpvaluecorrespondingtot=2.48is.0076

pvalue .01,rejectH0.Thereisagreatermeannumberofdaysonthedisabledlistin2001.

d. Managementshouldbeconcerned.Playersonthedisabledlisthaveincreased32%andtimeonthe
listhasincreasedby17.6%.Boththeincreaseininquiriestoplayersandthecostoflostplaying
timeneedtobeaddressed.

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 StatisticalInferenceAboutMeansandProportionswithTwoPopulations

16. a. 1=populationmeanverbalscoreparentscollegegrads

2=populationmeanverbalscoreparentshighschoolgrads

H0: 1 2 0

Ha: 1 2 0

xi 8400
b. x1 525
n 16

xi 5844
x2 487
n 12

x1 x2 =525487=38pointshigherifparentsarecollegegrads

( xi x1 ) 2 52962
c. s1 3530.8 59.42
n1 1 16 1

( xi x2 ) 2 29456
s2 2677.82 51.75
n2 1 12 1

t
x1 x2 D0
(525 487) 0
1.80
2 2
s s 59.422 51.752
1
2

n1 n2 16 12

2 2
s12 s22 59.422 51.752

df n1 n2 16 12
25.3
2 2 2 2
1 s12 1 s22 1 59.42 2 1 51.75 2

n1 1 n1 n2 1 n2 15 16 11
12

Usedf=25

Usingttable,pvalueisbetween.025and.05

Exactpvaluecorrespondingtot=1.80is.0420

d. pvalue .05,rejectH0.Concludehigherpopulationmeanverbalscoresforstudentswhoseparents
arecollegegrads.

17. a. H0: 1 2 0

Ha: 1 2 0

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Chapter10

t
x1 x2 D0
(6.82 6.25) 0
1.99
b. s2
s 2
.642 .752
1
2

n1 n2 16 10
2 2
s12 s22 .642 .752

df n1 n2 16 10 16.9
c. 2 2 2 2
1 s12 1 s22 1 .642 1 .752

n1 1 n1 n2 1 n2 15 16 9 10

Usedf=16

Usingttable,pvalueisbetween.025and.05

Exactpvaluecorrespondingtot=1.99is.0320

d. pvalue .05,rejectH0.Theconsultantwithmoreexperiencehasahigherpopulationmeanrating.

18. a. H0: 1 2 120

Ha: 1 2 120

x1 x2 D0 (1058 983) 120

t 2.10
b. s2
s 2
902 1052
1
2

n1 n2 35 48

2 2
s12 s22 90 2 1052

df n1 n2 35 48 78.8
2 2 2 2
1 s12 1 s22 1 902 1 1052

n1 1 n1 n2 1 n2 34 35 47
48

Usedf=78

Usingttable,pvalueisbetween.01and.025

Exactpvaluecorrespondingtot=2.10is.0195

pvalue .05,rejectH0.Theimprovementislessthanthestatedaverageof120points.

s12 s22
c. x1 x2 t.025
n1 n2

df=78

902 1052
(1058 983) 1.991
35 48

75 43 (32to118)

d. Thisisawideinterval.Alargersampleshouldbeusedtoreducethemarginoferror.

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 StatisticalInferenceAboutMeansandProportionswithTwoPopulations

19. a. 1,2,0,0,2

b. d di / n 5 / 5 1

(di d ) 2 4
c. sd 1
n 1 51

d d 1 0
d. t 2.24
sd / n 1 / 5

df=n1=4

Usingttable,pvalueisbetween.025and.05

Exactpvaluecorrespondingtot=2.24is.0443

RejectH0;concluded>0.

20. a. 3,1,3,5,3,0,1

b. d di / n 14 / 7 2

(d i d ) 2 26
c. sd 2.08
n 1 7 1

d. d =2

e. With6degreesoffreedomt.025=2.447

2 2.447 2.082 / 7
21.93 (.07to3.93)

21. Difference=ratingafterratingbefore

H0:d0

Ha:d>0

d =.625and sd =1.30

d d .625 0
t 1.36
sd / n 1.30 / 8

df=n1=7

Usingttable,pvalueisbetween.10and.20
Exactpvaluecorrespondingtot=1.36is.1080

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Chapter10

DonotrejectH0;wecannotconcludethatseeingthecommercialimprovesthemeanpotentialto
purchase.

22. Letdi=currentqtr.pershareearningspreviousquarterpershareearnings

d d i / n .2064

(d i d ) 2
sd .2654
n 1

Withdf=24,t.025=2.064

sd
d t.025
n

.2654
.20642.064
25

Confidenceinterval:$.21$.11($.10to$.32)

Earningshaveincreased.Thepointestimateoftheincreaseinearningsper
shareis$.21withamarginoferrorof$.11.

23. a. 1=populationmeangroceryexpenditures

2=populationmeandiningoutexpenditures

H0: d 0

Ha: d 0

d d 850 0
b. t 4.91
sd / n 1123 / 42

df=n1=41

pvalue 0

Concludethatthereisadifferencebetweentheannualpopulationmeanexpendituresforgroceries
andfordiningout.

c. Grocerieshasthehighermeanannualexpenditurebyanestimated$850.

sd
d t.025
n

1123
850 2.020
42

850350(500to1200)

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 StatisticalInferenceAboutMeansandProportionswithTwoPopulations

24. H0:d0

Ha:d>0

Differences177,21,186,131,22,212,5,14

d d i / n 454 / 8 56.75

(d i d ) 2
sd 121.5445
n 1

d 0 56.75
t 1.32
sd 121.5445
n 8

df=n1=7

Usingttable,pvalueisgreaterthan.10

Exactpvaluecorrespondingtot=1.32is.1142

Sincepvalue>.10,donotrejectH0.WecannotconcludethatairfaresfromDaytonarehigherthan
thosefromLouisvilleata=.05levelofsignificance.

25. a. H0:d=0

Ha:d0

Usedifferencedata:3,2,4,3,1,2,1,2,0,0,1,4,3,1,1

d i 18
d 1.2
n 15

(d i d ) 2 54.4
sd 1.97
n 1 15 1

d d 1.2 0
t 2.36
sd / n 1.97 / 15

df=n1=14

Usingttable,areaisbetween.01and.025.

Twotailpvalueisbetween.02and.05.

Exactpvaluecorrespondingtot=2.36is.0333

pvalue .05,rejectH0.Concludethatthereisadifferencebetweenthepopulationmeanweekly
usageforthetwomedia.

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Chapter10

xi 282
b. xTV 18.8 hoursperweekforcabletelevision.
n 15

xi 300
xR 20 hoursperweekforradio.
n 15

Radiohasgreaterusage.

26. a. H0:d=0

Ha:d0

Differences:2,1,5,1,1,0,4,7,6,1,0,2,3,7,2,3,1,2,1,4

d d i / n 21 / 20 1.05

(d i d ) 2
sd 3.3162
n 1

d d 1.05 0
t 1.42
sd / n 3.3162 / 20

df=n1=19

Usingttable,areaintailisbetween.05and.10

Twotailpvaluemustbebetween.10and.20

Exactpvaluecorrespondingtot=1.42is.1718

CannotrejectH0.Thereisnosignificantdifferencebetweenthemeanscoresforthefirstandfourth
rounds.

b. d =1.05;Firstroundscoreswerelowerthanfourthroundscores.

c. =.05 df=19 t=1.729

sd 3.3162
Marginoferror= t.025 = 1.729 1.28
n 20

Yes,justchecktoseeifthe90%confidenceintervalincludesadifferenceofzero.Ifitdoes,the
differenceisnotstatisticallysignificant.

90%Confidenceinterval:1.051.28(2.33,.23)

Theintervaldoesinclude0,sothedifferenceisnotstatisticallysignificant.
27. a. Difference=PricedeluxePriceStandard

H0:d=10

Ha:d10

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 StatisticalInferenceAboutMeansandProportionswithTwoPopulations

d =8.86and sd =2.61

d d 8.86 10
t 116
.
sd / n 2.61 / 7

df=n1=6

Usingttable,areaisbetween.10and.20

Twotailpvalueisbetween.20and.40

Exactpvaluecorrespondingtot=1.16is.2901

DonotrejectH0;wecannotrejectthehypothesisthata$10pricedifferentialexists.

b. 95%Confidenceinterval

d t.025 sd / n

8.86 2.447(2.61) / 7

8.86 2.41 or(6.45to11.27)

28. a. p1 p2 =.48.36=.12

p1 (1 p1 ) p2 (1 p2 )
b. p1 p2 z.05
n1 n2

.48(1 .48) .36(1 .36)

.12 1.645
400 300

.12.0614 (.0586to.1814)

.48(1 .48) .36(1 .36)

c. .12 1.96
400 300

.12.0731 (.0469to.1931)

n1 p1 n2 p2 200(.22) 300(.16)
29. a. p .1840
n1 n2 200 300

p1 p2 .22 .16
z 1.70
1 1 1 1
p 1 p .1840 1 .1840
n1 n2 200 300

pvalue=1.0000.9554=.0446
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Chapter10

b. pvalue .05;rejectH0.

30. p1 =220/400=.55 p2 =192/400=.48

p1 (1 p1 ) p2 (1 p2 )
p1 p2 z.025
n1 n2

.55(1 .55) .48(1 .48)

.55 .48 1.96
400 400

.07.0691 (.0009to.1391)

7%moreexecutivesarepredictinganincreaseinfulltimejobs.Theconfidenceintervalshowsthe
differencemaybefrom0%to14%.

31. a. ProfessionalGolfers: p1 =688/1075=.64

AmateurGolfers: p2 =696/1200=.58

Professionalgolfershavethebetterputtingaccuracy.

b. p1 p 2 .64 .58 .06

Professionalgolfersmake6%more6footputtsthantheverybestamateurgolfers.

p1 (1 p1 ) p2 (1 p2 )
c. p1 p2 z.025
n1 n2

.64(1 .64) .58(1 .58)

.64 .58 1.96
1075 1200

.06.04 (.02to.10)

Theconfidenceintervalshowsthatprofessionalgolfersmakefrom2%to10%more6footputts
thanthebestamateurgolfers.

32.a. H 0 : pw p m

H a : pw pm
b. pw =300/811=.3699 37%ofwomenwouldaskdirections

c. pm =255/750=.3400 34%ofmenwouldaskdirections

n1 pw n2 pm 300 255
d. p .3555
n1 n2 811 750

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 StatisticalInferenceAboutMeansandProportionswithTwoPopulations

p1 p2 .3699 .3400
z 1.23
1 1 1 1
p 1 p .3555 1 .3555
n1 n2 811 750

Upper tail p-value is the area to the right of the test statistic

Using normal table with z = 1.23: p-value = 1 - .8907 = .1093

pvalue>;donotreject H 0

Wecannotconcludethatwomenaremorelikelytoaskdirections.

33. Let p1=thepopulationproportionofdelayeddeparturesatChicagoOHare

p2=thepopulationproportionofdelayeddeparturesatAtlantaHartsfieldJackson

a. H0:p1p2=0

Ha:p1p20

b. p1 =252/900=.28

c. p2 =312/1200=.26

n1 p1 n2 p2 252 312
d. p .2686
n1 n2 900 1200

p1 p2 .28 .26
z 1.02
1 1 1 1
p 1 p .2686 1 .2686
n1 n2 900 1200

pvalue=2(1.8461)=.3078

DoNotRejectH0.Wecannotconcludethatthereisadifferencebetweentheproportionofdelayed
departuresatthetwoairports.

34. a. p1 =192/300=.64

b. p2 =117/260=.45

c. p1 p2 =.64.45=.19

p1 (1 p1 ) p2 (1 p2 )
.19 z.025
n1 n2

.64(1 .64) .45(1 .45)

.19 1.96
300 260

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Chapter10

.19.0813 (.1087to.2713)

35. a. H0:p1p2=0

Ha:p1p20

p1 =63/150=.42

p2 =60/200=.30

n1 p1 n2 p2 63 60
p .3514
n1 n2 150 200

p1 p2 .42 .30
z 2.33
1 1 1 1
p 1 p .3514 1 .3514
n1 n2 150 200

pvalue=2(1.0000.9901)=.0198

pvalue .05,rejectH0.Thereisadifferencebetweentherecallratesforthetwocommercials.

p1 (1 p1 ) p2 (1 p2 )
b. p1 p2 z.025
n1 n2

.42(1 .42) .30(1 .30)

.42 .30 1.96
150 200

.12.1014 (.0186to.2214)

CommercialAhasthebetterrecallrate.

36. a. p1 =proportionofunder30likingtheadalot

p2 =proportionof30to49likingtheadalot

H0:p1p2=0

Ha:p1p20

b. p1 =49/100=.49

p2 =54/150=.36

p1 p2 =.49.36=.13

n1 p1 n2 p2 100(.49) 150(.36)
c. p .412
n1 n2 100 150

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 StatisticalInferenceAboutMeansandProportionswithTwoPopulations

p1 p2 .49 .36
z 2.05
1 1 1 1
p 1 p .412 1 .412
n1 n2 100 150

pvalue=2(1.0000.9798)=.0404

pvalue .05,rejectH0.Thereisadifferencebetweentheresponsetotheadbytheyoungerunder
30andtheolder30to49agegroups.

d. Thereisastatisticallysignificantdifferencebetweenthepopulationproportionsforthetwoage
groups.Thestrongerappealiswiththeyounger,under30,agegroup.MillerLiteismostlikely
pleasedandencouragedbytheresultsofthepoll."TheMillerLiteGirls"adrankedamongthetop
threeSuperBowladsinadvertisingeffectiveness.Inaddition,49%oftheyounger,under30,group
likedtheadalot.Whilearesponseof36%fortheolderagegroupwasnotbad,MillerLite
probablyliked,andprobablyexpected,thehigherratingamongtheyoungeraudience.Sincea
youngeraudiencecontainsthenewerbeerdrinkers,appealingtotheyoungeraudiencecouldbring
newcustomerstotheMillerLiteproduct.Theolderagegroupmaybelesslikelytochangefrom
theirestablishedpersonalfavoritebeerbecauseofthecommercial.

37. a. H0:p1p2=0

Ha:p1p20

b. p1 =141/523=.2696 (27%)

p2 =81/477=.1698 (17%)

n1 p1 n2 p2 141 81
c. p .2220
n1 n2 523 477

p1 p2 .2696 .1698
z 3.79
1 1 1 1
p 1 p .222 1 .222
n1 n2 523 477

pvalue 0

RejectH0.Thereisasignificantdifferenceinthepopulationproportions.Ahigherflyingratein
2003isobserved.

d. Itmaybethatthegeneralpopulationismoreacceptabletoflyingonvacationin2003.Also,
frequentflyerawardsandspecialdiscountairfaresin2003mayhavemade2003flyingmore
economical.
Note:In1993,aroundtripNewarktoSanFranciscowas$388.In2003,aspecialfareforthesame
tripwas$238.

38. H0:12=0

Ha:120

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Chapter10

( x1 x2 ) D0 (4.1 3.4) 0
z 2.79
2
2
(2.2) 2 (1.5)2
1 2

n1 n2 120 100

pvalue=2(1.0000.9974)=.0052

pvalue .05,rejectH0.AdifferenceexistswithsystemBhavingthelowermeancheckouttime.

xi 6, 776,900
39. a. x1 225,897 Meanresalepricein2006
n1 30

xi 6,839, 735
x2 170,993 Meanresalepricein2009
n2 40

Difference=225,897170,993=54,904

Usingsamplemeanprices,the2009resalepricesare$54,904lessthanin2006.

( xi x1 ) 2
b. s1 55, 207
n1 1

( xi x2 ) 2
s2 44,958
n2

2 2
s12 s22 55207 2 449582

df n1 n2 30 40
54.92
2 2 2 2
1 s12 1 s22 1 55207 2 1 44958 2

n1 1 n1 n2 1 n2 29 30 39
40

Usedf=54,t.005=2.670

s12 s22
( x1 x2 ) t.005
n1 n2

55207 2 449582
54904 2.670
30 40

54904 32931 (21,973 to 87,835)

We are 99% confident that home prices have declined by between $21,973 and $87,835.
c. To answer this question we need to conduct a one-tailed hypothesis test. No value for the level of
significance () has been given. But, most people would agree that a p-value .01 would justify
concluding that prices have declined from 2006 to 2009.

H 0 : 1 2
H a : 1 2

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 StatisticalInferenceAboutMeansandProportionswithTwoPopulations

x1 x2 54,904
t 4.45
2 2
s s 55, 207 2 44,9582
1 2

n1 n2 30 40

For t = 4.45 and df =54, we find p-value 0.00. Thus, we are justified in concluding that existing
home prices have declined between 2006 and 2009.

40. a. H0:120

Ha:12>0

b. n1=30 n2=30
x1 =16.23 x2 =15.70
s1=3.52 s2=3.31

( x1 x2 ) D0 (16.23 15.70) 0
t .60
2 2
s s (3.52) 2 (3.31) 2
1
2

n1 n2 30 30

2
s12 s22 3.522 3.312

df n1 n2 30 30
57.8
2 2 2 2
1 s12 1 s22 1 3.52 2 1 3.312

n1 1 n1 n2 1 n2 29 30 29
30

Usedf=57

Usingttable,pvalueisgreaterthan.20

Exactpvaluecorrespondingtot=.60is.2754

pvalue>.05,donotrejectH0.Cannotconcludethatthemutualfundswithaloadhaveagreater
meanrateofreturn.

41.a. n1=10 n2=8

x1 =21.2 x2 =22.8
s1=2.70 s2=3.55

x1 x2 =21.222.8=1.6

Kitchensarelessexpensiveby$1600.

2 2
s12 s22 2.70 2 3.552

df n1 n2 10 8
12.9
b. 2 2 2 2
1 s12 1 s22 1 2.70 2 1 3.552

n1 1 n1 n2 1 n2 9 10 7 8

Usedf=12,t.05=1.782

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Chapter10

2.702 3.552
1.6 1.782
10 8

1.6 2.7 (-4.3 to 1.1)

42. a.
January 1 April 30 di (di d ) (di d ) 2
10.13 12.21 -2.08 -4.53 20.5209
28.33 25.48 2.85 0.40 0.1600
73.97 66.10 7.87 5.42 29.3764
16.30 19.32 -3.02 -5.47 29.9209
45.27 43.05 2.22 -0.23 0.0529
16.88 15.46 1.42 -1.03 1.0609
2.29 5.98 -3.69 -6.14 37.6996
16.20 12.65 3.55 1.10 1.2100
59.83 52.36 7.47 5.02 25.2004
31.53 33.00 -1.47 -3.92 15.3664
19.44 20.26 -0.82 -3.27 10.6929
17.73 19.34 -1.61 -4.06 16.4836
17.71 13.36 4.35 1.90 3.6100
43.51 36.18 7.33 4.88 23.8144
61.82 49.44 12.38 9.93 98.6049
Sum 36.75 313.7742

di 36.75 The mean price per share declined $2.45 over the four months.
d 2.45
n 15

(d i d ) 2 313.7742
b. sd 4.73
n 1 14

df = n - 1 = 14, t.05 = 1.761

sd 4.73
d t.05 = 2.45 1.761
n 15

2.45 2.15 ($.30 to $4.60)

We are 90% confident that the population mean price per share has decreased between $.30 and
$4.60 over the four month period.
xi 460.94
c. Sample mean price per share January 1: x $30.73
n 15

2.45
Percentage decrease over the 4 months: (100) 8%
30.73

d. Mean price per share December 31, 2009 = $30.73(.92)(.92)(.92) = $23.93. This is a decline of
$30.73 23.93 = $6.80 per share for the year.

43. a. p1=populationproportionformen

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 StatisticalInferenceAboutMeansandProportionswithTwoPopulations

p2=populationproportionforwomen

H0:p1p2=0

Ha:p1p20

b. p1 =248/800=.31

p2 =156/600=.26

n1 p1 n2 p2 800(.31) 600(.26)
c. p .2886
n1 n2 800 600

p1 p2 (.31 .26)
z 2.04
1 1 1 1
p 1 p .2886 1 .2886
n1 n2 800 600

pvalue=2(1.0000.9793)=.0414

pvalue .05,rejectH0.Concludethepopulationproportionsarenotequal.Theproportionishigher
formen.

p1 (1 p1 ) p2 (1 p2 )
d. p1 p2 z.025
n1 n2

.31(1 .31) .26(1 .26)

(.31 .26) 1.96
800 600

.05.0475

MarginofError=.0475

95%ConfidenceInterval (.0025to.0975)

44. a. p1 =76/400=.19

p2 =90/900=.10

n1 p1 n2 p2 76 90
p .1277
n1 n2 400 900

p1 p2 .19 .10
z 4.49
1 1 1 1
p 1 p .1277 1 .1277
n1 n2 400 900

pvalue0

RejectH0;thereisadifferencebetweenclaimrates.

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Chapter10

p1 (1 p1 ) p2 (1 p2 )
b. p1 p2 z.025
n1 n2

.19(1 .19) .10(1 .10)

.19 .10 1.96
400 900

.09.0432 (.0468to.1332)

Claimratesarehigherforsinglemales.

45. p1 =9/142=.0634

p2 =5/268=.0187

n1 p1 n2 p2 95
p .0341
n1 n2 142 268

p1 p2 .0634 .0187
z 2.37
1 1 1 1
p 1 p .0341 1 .0341
n1 n2 142 268

pvalue=2(1.0000.9911)=.0178

pvalue .02,rejectH0.Thereisasignificantdifferenceindrugresistancebetweenthetwostates.
NewJerseyhasthehigherdrugresistancerate.

46. a. March,2007: p1 =70/200=.35

March,2008: p2 =70/150=.47

b. p2 p1 .47 .35 .12

.35(1 .35) .47(1 .47)

s p1 p2 .0529
200 150

Confidenceinterval:.121.96(.0529)or.12.1037(.0163to.2237)

c. Sincetheconfidenceintervalinpart(b)doesnotinclude0,Iwouldconcludethatoccupancyratesare
higherinthefirstweekofMarch,2008thaninthefirstweekofMarch,2007.OnthebasisofthisI
wouldexpectoccupancyratestobehigherforMarch,2008thanforMarch,2007.

47. p1 .276 Mostrecentweek

p2 .487 OneWeekAgo
p3 .397 OneMonthAgo

a. Pointestimate= p1 p2 .276 .487 .211

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 StatisticalInferenceAboutMeansandProportionswithTwoPopulations

p1 (1 p1 ) p2 (1 p2 ) .276(1 .276) .487(1 .487)

Marginoferror: z.025 1.96 .085
n1 n2 240 240

95%confidenceinterval:.211.085(.296,.126)

b. H0:p1p30

Ha:p1p3<0

n1 p1 n2 p3 (240)(.276) (240)(.397)
c. p .3365
n1 n3 240 240

1 1 2
s p1 p2 p (1 p ) (.3365)(.6635) .0431
n
1 n2 240

.276 .397
z 2.81
.0431

pvalue=.0025

Withpvalue.01,werejectH0andconcludethatbullishsentimenthasdeclinedoverthepastmonth.

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