CHEMISTRY

PROJECT
REPORT
 INDEX

1. CERTIFICATE
2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
3. INTRODUCTION
4. AIM
5. SEVERAL TESTS
6. CONCLUSION
7. BIBLIOGRAPHY
 INTRODUCTION
Every toothpaste contains the following ingredients:
binders, abrasives, subsers, humectants, flavours,
sweeteners, fluorides, tooth whiteners, a preservative
and water. Binders thicken toothpaste- they prevent
separation of the solid and liquid component,
especially storage. They also effect the speed and
volume of foam production, rate of flavor release
and product dispersal, the appearance of toothpaste
ribbon on the toothbrush. Some binders are gum
solid alignate, methyl cellulose, carrageen and
magnesium aluminium silicate.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my sincerest thanks and
deep sense of gratitude to my chemistry teacher Mrs.
Archana Sharma. She has always been helpful to me
and also acted as my project guide with her able
guidance throughout the duration of my project work
despite our busy schedule. She was always there for
me whenever I needed her help.

Then I would like to thank the laboratory assistant of

chemistry lab for his assistance and co-operation.

Finally I would like to thank my parents and my

friends without whom I would not been able to
complete my project.

SUSHANT AGGARWAL
XII- B
 AIM
TO CHECK THE IONS PRESENT IN THE
TOOTHPASTE AND DETERMINE THE
QUALITY.
 TEST ON PEPSODENT
COLOUR OF THE PASTE- WHITE

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

Take a part of the solution Formation of white ppt. CO32 confirmed
and add MgSO4 solution.

Take a part of the solution Formation of white ppt. Ca confirmed

and add ammonium
hydroxide(1-2 ml)

Take a part of solution and Formation of white ppt. PO4 confirmed.

add magnesium mixture
(mixture of NH4CL and
NH4OH)

Acidify a portion of aqueous A yellow ppt. is formed which is I is confirmed

solution with dilute HNO3. insoluble in NH4OH
Boil and cool and add
AGNO3.

Take a small quantity of Smells like that of vinegar CH3COO absent

solution and add oxalic acid

Prepare the paste of it with a

few drops of water rub and
smell.
To one part of the solution No reaction Pb absent
add KI
To one part of the solution A white ppt is formed Mg present
and add solid NH4CL and
NH4OH in slight excess and
then add ammonium
phosphate

CHEMICAL REACTION
1. CO32- +MgSO 4 MgCO3 + SO 2-4 (white ppt.)

2.

1. CO3 + 2CH3COOH (CH3COO)2Ca + H2O

(CH3COO)2Ca + (NH4)2C2O4 2CHCOONH4 +CaC2O4

2. NaHPO4 + MgCl2+ NH4OH Mg(NH4)PO4 + 2NaCl + H2O

3. I+ AgNO3 NO3+AgI
(yellow ppt.)

4. (COOH)2 + 2CH3COONa NO REACTION

5. Pb + 2KI NO REACTION

6. MgCl2 + NH4OH+ (NH3)2HPO4 Mg(NH4)PO4 + 2NH4 +H2O

 TEST ON COLGATE
COLOUR OF PASTE- WHITE

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

Take a part of the solution Formation of white ppt. CO3 confirmed
and add MgSO4 solution.
Take a part of solution Formation of white ppt Ca confirmed
and add ammonium
hydroxide.
Take a part of solution Formation of white ppt PO4 confirmed.
and add magnesia
mixture( mixture of
NH2Cl and NH4OH) and
allow to stand
Acidify a portion of A yellow ppt. is formed I confirmed.
aqueous solution with which is insoluble in
dilute HCl. Boil and cool NH4OH
and add AgNO3.
Take a small quantity of Smell like that of vinegar CH3COO absent
solution and add oxalic
acid
Prepare the paste of it
with few drops of water
rub and smell
Take one part of solution No reaction Pb absent
To one part of the A white ppt. is formed. Mg absent
solution and add solid
NH4Cl and NH4OH in
slight excess then add
ammonium phosphate.

IONS PRESENT:- Mg, I, PO4, Ca, CO3

CHEMICAL REACTIONS
1. CO3 +MgSO4 MgCO3 + SO4
(white ppt.)

2. CO3 + 2CH3COOH (CH3COO)2Ca + H2O

(CH3COO)2Ca + (NH4)2C2O4 2CHCOONH4 +CaC2O4

3. NaHPO4 + MgCl2+ NH4OH Mg(NH4)PO4 + 2NaCl + H2O

4. I+ AgNO3 NO3+AgI
(yellow ppt.)

5. (COOH)2 + 2CH3COONa NO REACTION

6. Pb + 2KI NO REACTION

7. MgCl2 + NH4OH+ (NH3)2HPO4 Mg(NH4)PO4 + 2NH4 +H2O

 TEST ON CLOSE UP
COLOUR OF THE PASTE- RED GEL
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
Take a part of the solution Formation of white ppt. CO3 confirmed.
and add MgSO4 solution.
Take a part of solution Formation of white ppt. Ca confirmed.
and add ammonium
oxalic( 1-2 ml) and add
little ammonium
hydroxide
Take a part of solution Formation of white ppt. PO4 confirmed
and add magnesia
mixture( mixture of
NH2Cl and NH4OH) and
allow to stand
Acidify a portion of Formation of white ppt. I is confirmed
aqueous solution with
dilute HNO3. Boil and
cool and add Ag NO3.
Take a small quantity of Formation of white ppt. CH3COO confirmed
solution and add KI
To one part of the Formation of white ppt. Pb is absent
solution add KI
To one part of the Formation of white ppt. Mg is absent
solution add solid NH4Cl
and add NH4OH in slight
excess then add
ammonium phosphate.

IONS PRESENT:- Mg, I, PO4, Ca, CO3, CH3COO

CHEMICAL REACTIONS
1. CO3 +MgSO4 MgCO3 + SO4
(white ppt.)

2. CO3 + 2CH3COOH (CH3COO)2Ca + H2O

(CH3COO)2Ca + (NH4)2C2O4 2CHCOONH4 +CaC2O4

3. NaHPO4 + MgCl2+ NH4OH Mg(NH4)PO4 + 2NaCl + H2O

4. I+ AgNO3 NO3+AgI
(yellow ppt.)

5. (COOH)2 + 2CH3COONa NO REACTION

6. Pb + 2KI NO REACTION

7. MgCl2 + NH4OH+ (NH3)2HPO4 Mg(NH4)PO4 + 2NH4 +H2O

 CONCLUSION
Hence after testing different samples of toothpaste,
we find that colgate has all necessary ingredients for
stronger and whiter teeth.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. BRITANNICA ENCYCLOPEDIA
2. CHEMISTRY TEXTBOOK, NCERT
3. www.icbse.com
4. www.scribd.com
5. CHEMISTRY TODAY