ZTE LTE FDD Handover Feature Description Libre PDF

LTE FDD
Handover
Feature Description
Handover Feature Description
Product Type Technical Description
Version Date Author Approved By Remarks
V1.0 2011-02-15 Cheng Hao Not open to the Third Party
V2.0 2011-08-15 Cheng Hao Not open to the Third Party

Add the parameterRedirect
V2.1 2011-09-01 Cheng Hao
for Coverage description
Add the parameter
Redirection Measurement
V2.2 2011-9-21 Cheng Hao
Configuration Index
description
2011 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.

ZTE CONFIDENTIAL: This document contains proprietary information of ZTE and is not to be
ZTE Confidential Proprietary 2011 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved. I
disclosed or used without the prior written permission of ZTE.
Due to update and improvement of ZTE products and technologies, information in this document
is subjected to change without notice.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1
2 Function Description ................................................................................................. 1

2.1 Intra-Freq Handover Strategy ...................................................................................... 1
2.2 Inter-Freq Handover Strategy ...................................................................................... 2
2.3 Measurement Gap Configuration Strategy .................................................................. 2
2.4 Redirection Strategy .................................................................................................... 2
2.5 Intra-RAT Handover Based on Load Balancing .......................................................... 3
2.6 Handover to UTRAN .................................................................................................... 3
2.7 Handover to GERAN ................................................................................................... 3
2.8 CS Fallback to GERAN/UTRAN .................................................................................. 4
3 Technical Description ................................................................................................ 4

3.1 Measurement in RRC_Connected ............................................................................... 4
3.1.1 Intra-RAT Event-triggered Measurement Reporting .................................................... 4
3.1.2 Inter-RAT Event-triggered Measurement Reporting .................................................. 10
3.1.3 Intra-Freq Measurement ............................................................................................ 12
3.1.4 Inter-Freq Measurement ............................................................................................ 14
3.1.5 Inter-RAT Measurement ............................................................................................ 14
3.1.6 Measurement Gap Configuration Strategy ................................................................ 15
3.2 Intra-Freq Handover Strategy .................................................................................... 18
3.2.1 Intra-Freq Event Handling.......................................................................................... 18
3.3 Inter-Freq Handover Strategy .................................................................................... 19
3.3.1 Inter-Freq Handover Decision.................................................................................... 19
3.3.2 Inter-Freq Event Handling.......................................................................................... 19
3.4 Handover Based on Load Balancing ......................................................................... 20
3.4.1 Load Balancing Triggered.......................................................................................... 20
3.4.2 Handover Handling .................................................................................................... 20
3.5 Inter-RAT Handover Strategy .................................................................................... 20
3.5.1 Handover to GERAN ................................................................................................. 20
3.5.2 Handover to UTRAN .................................................................................................. 21
3.6 Redirection ................................................................................................................. 22
3.6.1 Redirection Judgment and Related Measurement .................................................... 23
3.6.2 Redirection Target System/Frequency Band Selection ............................................. 24
3.7 CS Fallback to GERAN/UTRAN ................................................................................ 24
3.7.1 CS Fallback Target Cell and Method Selection ......................................................... 24
4 Parameter and Configuration .................................................................................. 25

4.1 Related Parameters ................................................................................................... 25
4.1.1 Parameter List ........................................................................................................... 25
4.1.2 Parameter Configuration............................................................................................ 26
5 Glossary .................................................................................................................... 36
FIGURES
Figure 1 Measurement Gap Configuration with Propagation Delay .......................................... 16

Figure 2 Measurement Gap Configuration without Propagation Delay ..................................... 17
II 2011 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved. ZTE Confidential Proprietary

1 Introduction
This document describes the connection mode management functions within the
eNodeB in LTE network.
Abbreviations used in this document are explained in Glossary.
2 Function Description
In LTE system, RRC-connection mobility management is realized by cell handover
strategy for the reason of UE mobility; the load balancing can adjust the traffic
distribution among the cells to reduce the traffic of high-load cell. During the handover,
the service continuity should be guaranteed and the service Qos should be satisfied.
Based on the different characteristics of cell frequency and access technologies before
and after the handover, the cell handover strategy can be divided into intra-frequency
handover, inter-frequency handover and inter-RAT handover.
This document mainly introduces the ZTE eNodeB mobility management in RRC
connection state by adopting cell handover strategy.
Based on the different characteristics of cell frequency before and after the handover,
the cell handover strategy can be divided into:
1 Intra-Freq handover strategy
2 Inter-Freq handover strategy
3 Measurement interval configuration strategy for Inter-Freq handover
4 Redirection strategy
5 Intra-RAT Handover based on Load Balancing
6 Handover to UTRAN
7 Handover to GERAN
8 CS fallback to GERAN/UTRAN
Handover strategy includes measurement control and event report. Handover include
measurement, handover decision and handover execution. Measurement is the
prerequisite for handover, and handover decision is the core and the handover
execution is the procedure realizing the handover.
2.1 Intra-Freq Handover Strategy

When the UE in connected state moves between different cells, it is necessary to
introduce handover to guarantee the service continuity.
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Intra-Freq handover means the UE in connected state performs handover between the
neighbor cells with the same frequency in E-UTRAN. Intra-Freq handover algorithm is
based on the measurement including Intra-Freq measurement control and Intra-Freq
measurement report handling. Intra-Freq measurement control involves the
establishment, modification, and release of Intra-Freq measurement. For related details,
please refer to Section 3.1.1. The Intra-Freq measurement report handling means that
when eNB receives the Intra-Freq measurement report from UE, the eNB performs Intra-
Freq handover judgment according to the specific measurement report and other related
information. byReportQuan controls the Intra-Freq measurement quantity that triggers
the report. For related details, please refer to Section 3.2.
2.2 Inter-Freq Handover Strategy

When operators deploy the network, the Inter-Freq neighboring cells shall be configured
besides configuring Intra-Freq neighboring cells. Therefore, there are the Intra-Freq
handover and Inter-Freq handover. The Inter-Freq handover means the UE in connected
state performs handover from one E-UTRAN frequency cell to another frequency cell.
The Inter-Freq handover algorithm is based on measurement including Inter-Freq
measurement control and Inter-Freq measurement handling. For related details on Inter-
Freq measurement control, please refer to Section 3.1.4. The Inter-Freq measurement
control mainly involves the establishment, modification, and release of Inter-
Freqmeasurement. The Inter-Freq measurement report handling means when eNB
receives the Inter-Freq measurement report from UE, the eNB performs Inter-Freq
handover judgment according to the specific measurement report and other related
information. byReportQuan control the Inter-Freq measurement quantity that trigger the
report; For details on Inter-Freq measurement report handling, please refer to Section
3.3.
2.3 Measurement Gap Configuration Strategy

The terminal which needs the measurement gap to perform Inter-Freq/Inter-RAT
measurement, the eNB shall activate measurement gap when taking Inter-Freq/Inter-
RAT measurement. The measurement gap means some subframes are not used to
transmit data during transmitting and receiving. Some factors, such as the time and
conditions of activation and deactivation, measurement interval offset and coupling with
DRX should be considered during configuration. For the details on measurement gap
configuration, please refer to Section 3.1.6.
2.4 Redirection Strategy

The system use redirectedCarrierInfo in the Message RRCConnectionRelease to
indicate UE to camp on the specified system/frequency when disconnected. LTE
supports Intra-Rat redirection and Inter-Rat redirection. This algorithm in this documents
mainly describes redirection from LTE to 3GPP 2G/3G, CDMA2000-HRPD and
CDMA2000-1xRTT.
The UE wireless ability is optional for handover to some target system/neighbor cell. As
long as UE supports the target system/frequency, it can support redirection to target
system/frequency. Therefore, in this mobility management algorithm based on coverage,
if the Intra-Freq measurement report from CEU (Cell Edge UE) shows that the signal
quality of the serving cell is deteriorating, and if the UE wireless ability or network dont
2 2011 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved. ZTE Confidential Proprietary

support handover to target system/frequency, the UE will handover to specified target

system/frequency by redirection. Therefore, the UE can camp on the specified
system/frequency immediately after the RRC connection is released, and the business
interrupt time is shortened. byRd4Coverage is the switch of this feature and
abyRdRATPriority sets the priorities for candidate target systems. For more details,
please refer to Section 3.6. The redirection applications in other scenarios like camping
load balance, are not supported in this algorithm version.
2.5 Intra-RAT Handover Based on Load Balancing

When the load balancing is switched on, and the cell load balancing parameter is higher
than the threshold, the load balancing among the same coverage cells or overlapped
inter-frequency cells shall be triggered, that is, the UEs with low priority shall be
handover to the neighboring cells with low load so that the traffic of high load cell can be
handover to the neighboring cell with low load to achieve the load balancing without user
release. Based on the selected target UEs and target cell lists, the UE shall be handover
to the target cell but the target cell number is limited. It can not be larger than the OMC
parameter ucLBMaxHOCell.
2.6 Handover to UTRAN

LTE is all IP system, and all services are based on IP bearer. When UE handovers to
UTRAN PS domain, the handover is called PS handover to UTRAN. And if UE
handovers to UTRAN CS domain, for example, LTE VoIP is handover to UTRAN CS,
this handover is called SRVCC handover to UTRAN. PS HO needs target UTRAN cell
support and OMC configuration field byUTRANNBRcellPSHOFlg. SRVCC handover,
depends on whether the UE supports the voice service and whether the target cell
supports VoIP, and whether UE and MME support SRVCC. For more details, please
refer to Section 3.5.2.
2.7 Handover to GERAN

GERAN is different from UTRAN. Its special attribute DTM (Dual Transfer Mode)
indicates whether GERAN supports PS and CS simultaneously. Because some GERAN
supports CS only (OMC field byDtmsupport can configure the DTM capability of target
GERAN neighboring cell), the LTE handover to GERAN can be DTM HO ( PS and CS
handover at the same time) or CS HO only.
LTE voice handover to GERAN PS domain is PS HO and the prerequisite is the GERAN
cell supports VoIP ( OMC field ucGERANNBRcellVoIPFlg is configured). The data PS
service, PS HO is performed to GERAN (OMC field byDtmsupport indirectly reflects the
PS HO capability of target GERAN); LTE voice service can be handover to GERAN CS
domain, that is, SRVCC handover to GERAN. When the UE with voice and data
services is handover to GERAN, the data service is handover to PS domain and the
voice service is switched by SRVCC, that is, DTM HO. Handover to GERAN has another
CCO process. During CCO process, the air interface command can carry the SIB
information of the target cell to reduce the access latency. Currently, SRVCC is not
supported. For more details, please refer to Section 3.5.1.

2.8 CS Fallback to GERAN/UTRAN

At the initial stage of LTE network deployment, if the operator has not IMS for its core
network, LTE system can not provide voice service. The voice service can be supported
by CS Fallback to the same coverage cells or overlapped inter-RAT neighboring cells.
That is, when initiating a voice service, the service is handover to the target
GERAN/UTRAN cell and the voice service is provided by the CS domain resources of
GERAN/UTRAN. More specifically, if eNodeB receives INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP
REQUEST or UE CONTEXT MODIFICATION REQUEST with CS Fallback Indicator
from MME at S1 interface, UE shall be triggered to switch to GERAN/UTRAN cell to
perform voice service by means of PS HO, CCO or redirection. Before the handover, the
target cell is selected based on measurement or blind measurement. The present
version supports CS Fallback based on blind measurement, so the target cell can only
be the same coverage cells or the overlapped GERAN/UTRAN cells.
3 Technical Description
3.1 Measurement in RRC_Connected

When UE is in RRC_connected state, the measurement reporting criterion, on which the
UE bases to send a measurement report, consists of periodical reporting and single
event triggered. Periodical reporting means that the UE regularly reports the measured
quality of DL cell reference signals to eNodeB. Eventtriggered reporting means that the
UE shall judge whether the measured quality of DL cell reference signal meets the
reporting criterion. If yes, the UE shall report the event (including the information such as
Event ID, target cell and so on).
3.1.1 Intra-RAT Event-triggered Measurement Reporting
LTE defines altogether 5 intra-system measurements: A1~A5, of which A1 and A2 are

applied to Intra-Freq measurement, and A3~A5 are applied to intra- Freq or Inter-Freq
measurement. They are described in details below.
3.1.1.1 Event A1
Event A1 means serving cell quality becomes better than threshold. When receiving
Event A1, eNB shall stop the Inter-Freq measurement the UE is conducting. If the
measurement gap is activated, the measurement gap should be deactivated.
The UE shall:
Apply inequality A1-1, as the entering condition for this event
Apply inequality A1-2, as the leaving condition for this event
Inequality A1-1 (Entering condition)

Ms Hys > Thresh
When the following leaving condition is fulfilled, UE shall not report A1 event any more to
eNB:
Inequality A1-2Leaving condition
Ms + Hys < Thresh
The variables in the formula are defined as follows:
Ms is the measurement result of the serving cell, not taking into account any cell
individual offset. Ms is expressed in dBm in case of RSRP, or in dB in case of RSRQ.
Hys is the hysteresis parameter for this event. Its corresponding OMC parameter is
byHysterisis. Hys is expressed in dB
Thresh is the threshold parameter for this event, and it is expressed in the same unit as
Ms.
The above formulas show:
An increasing Thresh will reduce the triggering probability of A1 event and vice versa. If
Hys is increased, the probability of entering Event A1 will be decreased. Once the Event
A1 entering condition is satisfied, even if the quality of the serving cell is very bad, it still
meets the Event A1 entering condition because it is very difficult to meet the Event A1
leaving condition. If Hys is decreased otherwise, the probability of leaving Event A1 will
be increased and once the Event A1 entering condition is satisfied, even if the quality of
the serving cell deteriorates slightly, it will meet the Event A1 leaving condition because
it is very easy to get triggered.
Event A1 supports event-triggered periodical reporting. That is, when UE detects that
the signal quality falls in the reporting range of Event A1, the UE shall begin to report
Event A1 periodically (OMC parameter is byRptIntvl) until the reporting criteria is not
fulfilled any longer or the allowed maximal number of reporting times has been reached
(OMC parameter is byRptAmt .
Event A1 in this algorithm is mainly used to close the Intra-Freq/ Inter-RAT

measurement. Event A1 will be triggered when the eNB receives Event A2 from UE
which is used for starting the Inter-Freq/ Inter-RAT measurement.
3.1.1.2 Event A2
Event A2 means the signal quality of the serving cell becomes worse than a predefined
threshold. When receiving Event A2, eNB shall start UE Inter-Freq measurement or start
UE inter-Rat measurement. If the measurement gap needs to be activated, eNB
activates the measurement gap.
The UE shall:

Ms + Hys < Thresh
Ms Hys > Thresh
byHysterisis. Hys is expressed in dB
Thresh is the threshold parameter for this event, and it is in the same unit as Ms..
The two formulas show:
If Thresh is increased, the triggering probability of Event A2 will be increased And vice
versa. If Hys is increased, the probability of Event A2 triggering will be decreased. Once
Event A2 reporting range is satisfied, even if the measured quality of the serving cell
becomes better, it will still meet the Event A2 reporting condition because it becomes
more difficult to meet the leaving condition of Event A2 reporting. Otherwise, the
probability of Event A2 triggering will be increased, and at the same time once the Event
A2 reporting range is satisfied, even if the measurement quality of the serving cell
improves slightly, it shall meet the Event A2 leaving condition because it is easier to
leave Event A2 reporting.
Event A2 periodically (OMC parameter is byRptIntvl) until the reporting criteria is not
fulfilled any longer or the allowed maximal number of reporting times has been reached
OMC parameter is byRptAmt.
Event A2 in this algorithm is used for starting the Inter-Freq/Inter-RAT measurement and
redirection judgment. eNB shall configure for each UE one of the two versions of Event
A2 at certain moment. Once receiving Event A2, eNB starts corresponding procedures.
For more details, please refer to Section 3.1.4 and 3.4.
3.1.1.3 Event A3
Event A3 means neighboring cell quality becomes a predefined offset better than
serving cell. When receiving Event A3, eNB shall start the coverage-based Intra-Freq or
Inter-Freq handover decision.
The UE shall:

Mn + Ofn + Ocn Hys > Ms + Ofs + Ocs + Off
Mn + Ofn + Ocn + Hys < Ms + Ofs + Ocs + Off
Mn is the measurement result of the neighboring cell, not taking into account any cell
individual offset. Mn is expressed in dBm in case of RSRP, or in dB in case of RSRQ.
Ofn is the frequency specific offset of neighboring cell (equals Ofs for Intra-Freq
measurements and is included in measObjectEUTRA corresponding to the Inter-Freq as
offsetFreq for interfrequency measurements). Its corresponding OMC parameter is
abyOffsetFreq,and it is expressed in dB;
Ocn is the cell specific offset of neighboring cell. (included in measObjectEUTRA of the
serving frequency as parameter cellIndividualOffset, Its corresponding OMC parameter
is byCellIndivOffset). It is expressed in dB;
Ofs is the frequency specific offset of the serving cell (i.e offsetFreq within
measObjectEUTRA corresponding to the serving frequency). It is expressed in dB;
Ocs is the cell specific offset of the serving cell (included in measObjectEUTRA of the
serving frequency as parameterbyCellIndivOffset, Its corresponding OMC parameter is
byCellIndivOffset). It is expressed in dB;
byHysteresis, and Hys is expressed in dB
Off is the offset parameter for this event, Its corresponding OMC parameter is byA3offset.
It is expressed in dB
The configuration of Hys is similar to Hys in Event A1 and Event A2 in terms of its
influence on Event triggering, and Off is similar to Thresh in Event A1 in terms of its
influence on Event triggering. But Off is a relative threshold, rather than an absolute
threshold, it serves to compare the difference between neighboring cell and serving cell
qualities.
Event A3 periodically (Its corresponding OMC parameter is byRptIntvl) until the reporting
criteria is not fulfilled any longer or the allowed maximal number of reporting times has
been reached (Its corresponding OMC parameter is byRptAmt).

3.1.1.4 Event A4
Event A4 means neighboring becomes better than a predefined threshold. When

receiving Event A4, eNB may trigger handover driven by load balancing.
The UE shall:
Mn + Ofn + Ocn Hys > Thresh
Mn + Ofn + Ocn + Hys < Thresh
Ofn is the frequency specific offset of the neighboring cell (equals Ofs for Intra-Freq
offsetFreq for interfrequency measurements). Its corresponding OMC parameter is,and it
is expressed in dB
Ocn is the cell specific offset of neighboring cell. (Included in measObjectEUTRA of the
neighboring frequency as parameter cellIndividualOffset). It is expressed in dB;
byHysteresis, and Hys is expressed in dB
Thresh is the threshold parameter for this event, it is expressed in the same unit as Mn.
influence on Event triggering, and the configuration of Thresh is similar to Thresh in
Event A1 in terms of its influence on Event triggering.
3.1.1.5 Event A5
Event A5 means serving cell becomes worse than threshold 1 and neighboring cell
becomes better than threshold 2. When receiving Event A5, eNB may trigger coverage
based Intra-Freq or Inter-Freq handover.

The UE shall:
Apply inequality A5-1 and equation A5-2, both have to be fulfilled, as the entering
condition for this event
Apply inequality A5-3 and equation A5-4, at least one of the two has to be fulfilled, as
the leaving condition for this event
Inequality A5-1 (Entering condition 1)
Ms + Hys < Thresh1
Inequality A5-2 (Entering condition 2
Mn + Ofn + Ocn Hys > Thresh 2
Inequality A5-3 (Leaving condition 1
Ms Hys > Thresh1
Inequality A5-4 (Leaving condition 2
Mn + Ofn + Ocn + Hys < Thresh 2
Ofn is the frequency specific offset of the neighboring cell(equals Ofs for Intra-Freq
offsetFreq for interfrequency measurements). Its corresponding OMC parameter is
abyOffsetFreq, and it is expressed in dB
Ocn is the cell specific offset of neighboring cell. (included in measObjectEUTRA of the
neighboring frequency as parameterbyCellIndivOffset). It is expressed in dB;
Ofs is the frequency specific offset of the serving cell (i.e offsetFreq within
measObjectEUTRA corresponding to the serving frequency). Its corresponding OMC
parameter is,and is expressed in dB
Ocs is the cell specific offset of the serving cell (included in measObjectEUTRA of the
serving frequency as parameter Cell Individual Offset. It is expressed in dB;
IntraF Hysteresis ,and Hys is expressed in dB
Thresh1 is the threshold 1 in Event A5, and it is expressed in the same unit as Ms.
Thresh2 is the threshold 2 in Event A5, and it is expressed in the same unit as Mn.

influence on Event triggering. If Thresh1is set too high and Thresh2 is set too low, the
probability of Event A5 reporting will be increased. Otherwise, if Thresh1 is set too low
and Thresh2 is set too high, the probability of Event A5 reporting will be decreased.
3.1.1.6 Time-To-Trigger Mechanism
To avoid the event misreport due to the radio quality fluctuation, the event shall be
reported only when the signal quality of the cell to be evaluated meets the report range
or threshold and the reporting condition must be met for a certain time period. The time-
to-trigger mechanism is applied to intra- and Inter-Freq measurement (Its corresponding
OMC parameter is byTrigTime). Take Event A1 as an example, UE can only report
Event A1 when serving cell meets the reporting condition and the cell quality meets the
reporting condition for the time period byTrigTime.
3.1.2 Inter-RAT Event-triggered Measurement Reporting
3.1.2.1 Event B1
Event B1 means inter RAT neighbor becomes better than threshold. When receiving
Event B1, eNB may trigger coverage based inter RAT handover.
The UE shall:
Apply inequality B1-1, as the entering condition for this event
Apply inequality B1-2, as the leaving condition for this event
Inequality B1-1 (Entering condition)
Mn + Ofn Hys > Thresh
Inequality B1-2 (Leaving condition)
Mn + Ofn + Hys < Thresh
Mn is the measurement result of the inter-RAT neighbour cell, not taking into account
any offsets. For CDMA 2000 measurement result, pilotStrength is divided by -2.
Ofn is the frequency specific offset of the frequency of the inter-RAT neighbour cell (i.e.
offsetFreq as defined within the measObject corresponding to the frequency of the
neighbour inter-RAT cell).

Hys is the hysteresis parameter for this event (i.e. hysteresis as defined within
reportConfigInterRAT for this event).
Thresh is the threshold parameter for this event (i.e. b1-Threshold as defined within
reportConfigInterRAT for this event). For CDMA2000, b1-Threshold is divided by -2. Its
corresponding OMC parameter is byRscpSysNbrTrd or byEcNoSysNbrTrd for UTRAN,
byRatSysNbrTrd for GERAN
Mn is expressed in dBm or in dB, depending on the measurement quantity of the inter-

RAT neighbour cell.
Ofn, Hys are expressed in dB.
Thresh is expressed in the same unit as Mn.
3.1.2.2 Event B2
Event B2 means serving becomes worse than threshold1 and inter RAT neighbor
becomes better than threshold2. When receiving Event B2, eNB may trigger coverage
based inter RAT handover.
The UE shall:
Apply inequality B2-1 and equation B2-2, both have to be fulfilled, as the entering
condition for this event
Apply inequality B2-3 and equation B2-4, at least one of the two has to be fulfilled, as
the leaving condition for this event
Inequality B2-1 (Entering condition 1)
Ms + Hys < Thresh1
Inequality B2-2 (Entering condition 2)
Mn + Ofn Hys > Thresh 2
Inequality B2-3 (Leaving condition 1)
Ms Hys > Thresh1
Inequality B2-4 (Leaving condition 2)
Mn + Ofn + Hys < Thresh 2
Ms is the measurement result of the serving cell, not taking into account any offsets.
Mn is the measurement result of the inter-RAT neighbor cell, not taking into account any
offsets. For CDMA2000 measurement result, pilotStrength is divided by -2.

Ofn is the frequency specific offset of the frequency of the inter-RAT neighbor cell (i.e.
offsetFreq as defined within the measObject corresponding to the frequency of the inter-
RAT neighbor cell).
Hys is the hysteresis parameter for this event (i.e. hysteresis as defined within
Thresh1 is the threshold parameter for this event (i.e. b2-Threshold1 as defined within
Thresh2 is the threshold parameter for this event (i.e. b2-Threshold2 as defined within
reportConfigInterRAT for this event). For CDMA2000, b2-Threshold2 is divided by -2.
Ms is expressed in dBm in case of RSRP, or in dB in case of RSRQ.
Mn is expressed in dBm or dB, depending on the measurement quantity of the inter-RAT

neighbor cell.
Ofn, Hys are expressed in dB.
Thresh1 is expressed in the same unit as Ms.
Thresh2 is expressed in the same unit as Mn.
3.1.3 Intra-Freq Measurement
Intra-Freq measurement aims at Intra-Freq cells measurement (including serving cell),

and the measurement report can be periodical report or event-triggered report. The
measurement quantity can be RSRP or RSRQ.
3.1.3.1 Measurement Filtering
To avoid measurement fluctuation while performing Intra-Freq measurement, the UE

can perform Layer 3 filtering used for all events evaluation and related reporting of that
measurement type. The filtering formula is shown below:
Fn = (1 a ) Fn 1 + a M n
Where:
Fn-1 is the old filtered measurement result;
Fn is the updated filter measurement result, that is used for evaluation of reporting
criteria or for measurement reporting
Mn is the latest received measurement result from the physical layer
a = 1/2(k/4) is the factor calculated according to filter coefficient KFilter Coefficient

for RSRP or Filter Coefficient for RSRQ

3.1.3.2 Measurement Establishment
When RRC connection has been established, the information of Intra-Freq

measurement will be sent to UE in the first RRCConnectionReconfiguration message
containing information for UE context setup. When UE handovers from the other RAT to
LTE, the information of Intra-Freq measurement will be sent in the
RRCConnectionReconfiguration message.
When RRC connection has been established and the first

RRCConnectionRecongfiguration has been send, Event A2 for redirection judgement
should be sent if these conditions below can be satisfied:
1 There exists Inter-Freq/Inter-RAT neighbouring cell UE can access to;
2 But UE radio capability or network does not support handover to the neighbouring
cell;
3 Event A2 for starting Inter-Freq/ Inter-RAT has not been sent.

3.1.3.3 Measurement Modification
In the condition that Intra-Freq measurement has been activated, the Intra-Freq
measurement may be modified on the following occasions:
1 After Intra-Freq/ Inter-Freq handover;
2 If Event A2 measurement has not been activated and there are Inter-Freq
neighboring cells, Event A2 measurement configuration can be sent to the UE;
3 When receiving Event A2 for starting Inter-Freq/ Inter-RAT measurement from UE

and eNB has decided to start Inter-Freq/ Inter-RAT measurement:
Send Event A1 measurement;
Start Inter-Freq/ Inter-RAT measurement for handover judgement;
If there exists Inter-Freq/Inter-RAT neighbouring cell UE can access to, but UE

radio capability or network can not support the handover to this neighbouring
cell, UE modifies Event A2 threshold to Event A2 threshold for redirection
judgement;
4 When receiving Event A1 for closing Inter-Freq/ Inter-RAT measurement from UE

and eNB has decided to close Inter-Freq/ Inter-RAT measurement:
If Event A2 for redirection has been sent and eNB modifies Event A2 threshold
into Event A2 threshold for starting Inter-Freq/ Inter-RAT measurement;
Close Inter-Freq/ Inter-RAT measurement for handover judgement;
Close Event A1 for Inter-Freq/ Inter-RAT measurement;

3.1.3.4 Measurement Release
When the UE moves to RRC_IDLE state, the UE shall release all the Intra-Freq
measurements automatically without any message notification.
3.1.4 Inter-Freq Measurement
Inter-Freq measurement means that UE performs measurement on neighboring cells of

non-serving frequency carrier. The measurement report can be periodical or event-
triggered. Among all of the events, Event A1 and A2 are measurements on serving
frequency carrier. Therefore, measurement gap is not needed and will not introduce
extra overhead to UE and the network. Event A1 and A2 can serve to activate and
deactivate the measurement gap. Accordingly, when the service is established, if the
serving cell has Inter-Freq neighboring cells, the eNodeB may send Event A1/A2 in
addition to Intra-Freq measurement to the UE. The following measurement
establishment, modification, release are all targeted at Inter-Freq measurement other
than Event A1/A2.
To avoid measurement fluctuation while performing Inter-Freq measurement, the UE

shall perform Layer 3 filtering used for all event evaluation and related reporting of that
measurement type. The Layer 3 filtering related factor is Filter Coefficient for RSRP or
Filter Coefficient for RSRQ. The application principle is similar to the formula used for
Intra-Freq measurement filtering.
Inter-Freq measurement is only established after Event A2 reporting.
Inter-Freq measurement is modified after intra-or Inter-Freq handover.
The eNB shall deactivate the Inter-Freq measurement after Event A1 reporting or when
UE moves to RRC_IDLE state. For the latter case, the Inter-Freq measurement can be
released automatically without any notification to the UE.
3.1.5 Inter-RAT Measurement
Inter-RAT measurement refers to that UE performs measurement on the adjacent cell of

non serving system. For all the measurement events, Event A1 and Event A2 are for
serving carrier frequency measurements, and during the measurement it is not
necessary to activate measurement gap and it shall not bring additional overhead to the
UE and the system. According to Event A1 and Event A2 definitions, Inter-RAT
measurement can be used to activate and deactivate the measurement gap. Therefore,

at service establishment, if there exist inter-RAT adjacent cells, eNodeB shall send
Event A1/A2 to the UE. The later measurement establishment, modification and release
all aim at Inter-RAT measurement Events except Event A1/A2. Inter-RAT measurement
report events are mainly Event B1 and Event B2. For detailed description, please see
the relevant Section 3.1.2.2.
To avoid measurement fluctuation while performing inter-RAT measurement, the UE can

perform Layer 3 filtering on measurement result, and then perform event judgment and
report according to the filtered value. GERAN Layer 3 filter factor is byFilterCoeffGera,
and UTRAN Layer 3 factor is byFilterCoeffUtra . For the principle, please refer to
Intra-Freq measurement Filter Formula.
Inter-RAT measurement is only established after Event A2 reporting.
Inter-RAT measurement is modified after Inter-RAT handover.
The eNB shall deactivate the Inter-RAT measurement after Event A1 reporting or when
UE moves to RRC_IDLE state. For the latter case, the Inter-RAT measurement can be
released automatically without any notification to the UE.
3.1.6 Measurement Gap Configuration Strategy

The measurement gap may be activated according to UEs radio capability when
performing Inter-Freq or inter-RAT measurement. The gap assisted measurement
means that part of subframes can not be used for data transmission but are specifically
applied to monitor target frequency. The UE is configured with measurement gap related
parameters if the UEs radio capability related RRC message shows that the
measurement can only be supported with measurement gap. Otherwise, the
measurement gap are not needed. The current protocol version configures 6ms
measurement gap for both Inter-Freq and inter-RAT measurement.
3.1.6.1 Measurement Gap Repetition Period (MGRP)
The current protocol defines two MGRPs: 40ms and 80ms. Both are applicable for the
Inter-Freq and inter-RAT measurements.

3.1.6.2 Subframes for Measurement Gap
The measurement gap is the time period used for Inter-Freq and inter-RAT
meansurment performed by UEs in RRC_CONNECTED state. During this time period,
both the UL and DL data transmission are interrupted. The measurement gap is based
on the time in DL subframes, so the number of interrupted UL subframes is dependent
on the TA value sent by eNB and received by UE. As illustrated in figure 1, TA value is
not zero under the conditon that FDD has propagation delay and 2 to 8 UL
subframes are interrupted. As illustrated in figure 2, the TA value is zero when FDD s
propagation delay is zero. The red subframes do not overlap with the DL measurement
gaps, so they are not interrupted. When not condsidering TA value, 8 subframe can
always be interrupted. For FDD, the DL measurememt gaps fix to 6 subframes and 7
subframes for the UL measurement gaps.
Figure 1 Measurement Gap Configuration with Propagation Delay
subframe
Transmission
DL #0 DL #1 DL #2 DL #3 DL #4 DL #5 DL #6 DL #7 DL #8 DL #9 DL #0
at eNB
DL measurement gap
Propagation delay
Reception
at UE
DL measurement gap
DL/UL offset by TA
Transmission
UL #0 UL #1 UL #2 UL #3 UL #4 UL #5 UL #6 UL #7 UL #8 UL #9 UL #0 UL #1
at UE
UL measurement gap
Propagation delay
Reception
at eNB
UL measurement gap

Figure 2 Measurement Gap Configuration without Propagation Delay
subframe
Transmission
at eNB
DL measurement gap
Reception
at UE
DL measurement gap
Transmission
at UE
UL measurement gap ?
Reception
at eNB
UL measurement gap ?
3.1.6.3 Measurement Gap Activation Occasions
1 Inter-Freq measurement or inter-RAT measurement has been established;
2 UE radio capability information indicates that the Inter-Freq measurement or inter-

RAT measurement needs measurement gap;
3 The measurement gap needs to be activated as long as the measurement of the

neighboring cell is gap-assisted.
3.1.6.4 Measurement Gap Deactivation Occasions
1 Intra-Freq measurement and inter-RAT measurement are both turned off (Event A1
triggering or measurement gap activation conditions are not fulfilled any longer)
2 After Intra-Freq/ Inter-Freq/ inter-RAT handover (UE shall automatically deactivate

measurement gap without notification to UE)
3 UE moves to RRC_IDLE state (UE shall automatically deactivate measurement gap

without notification to UE)
3.1.6.5 Gap offset Configuration without DRX
Gapoffset configuration aims to activate the gaps as soon as possible. This allows UE to
start measurement in the nearest possible MGRP, which enables UE to obtain as many
measurement results as possible before the handover decision.

3.1.6.6 Gap offset Configuration with DRX
For the UE configured with DRX, the measurement gap is not needed when the so-
called Opportunity-for-DRX is available for Inter-Freq or inter-RAT measurement, during
which UE is sleeping. Due to the uncertanty of this time period because of the variable
DRX cycles, short DRX cycles and retransmissions, the nubmer of availble subframes
for measurement can be less than 6. Taking the worst cases into consideration, the
measurement gap is configured with all kinds of DRX cycles to make sure the normal
performance of measurement. According to the specifications, there is information
element to indicate whether measurement gap is needed in the UE radio capability
section. Measurement gap shall not be configured unless the UE radio capability shows
that UE can perform the corresponding Inter-Freq or inter-RAT measurement without
gap. Otherwise, it is necessary to configure measurement gap, even for the case where
Opportunity-for-DRX is available.
If the DRX is configured, the gapoffset configuration is to avoid the conflict between the
measurement gap period and the On-Duration period in DRX. Meanwhile, 7 subframes
are reserved as default for measurement gap.
3.2 Intra-Freq Handover Strategy

Intra-Freq handover indicates handover of UE between E-UTRAN cells with same
frequency. The Intra-Freq handover can be triggered based on RSRP or RSRQ, which
can be controlled through parameter byTrigQuan
3.2.1 Intra-Freq Event Handling
Event A3/A5 handling:

Judge the first cell in the measurement report cell list is the intra-eNodeB cell or
Inter-eNodeB cell.
1. If the first cell in the measurement report cell list is the intra-eNodeB cell, the
procedure is as follows: Initiate handover request and attemp to access. If all the
services of the UE are accepted, move the Step 2. Otherwise, jump to Step 3.
2. Execute Intra-RAT handover. Handover to the target cell of successful access. Jump
to Step 5 after the handover complete.
3. If some intra-eNodeB byHoPartCacSwicth for access handover are switched on, judge
whether the UE services are accessed successfully or not. If one service is
accepted, jump to Step 4. Otherwise, delete the cell of best quality in the target cell
list and move the next step (some byHoPartCacSwicth are switched off or all
services access failure).
4. Judge Whether there is a cell secondary to the best cell in the target handover cell list.
If Yes, jump to the step that judges the cell is intra-eNodeB cell or Inter-eNodeB cell.
If No, move the next step.
5. The procedure ends.

If the first cell in the measurement report cell list is the inter-eNodeB cell, the
procedure is as follows:
1. Initiate handover preparation to the eNodeB, and move to the next step if handover
preparation is success. Jump to Step 3 if receiving HANDOVER PREPARATION
FAILURE.
2. Execute Intra-RAT handover. Handover to the target cell and move to the next step
after the handover complete.
3. The procedure ends.
3.3 Inter-Freq Handover Strategy

The Inter-Freq handover denotes that UE switches from one frequency of E-UTRAN
network to another frequency. The premise of Inter-Freq handover based on
measurement is quality measurement of UE to non-serving carrier frequency and the
measurement quantity can be either RSRP or RSRQ. This is controlled by OMC
parameter byTrigQuan. The Inter-Freq measurement performed by UE in
RRC_CONNECTED state in E-UTRAN may need measurement gap according to UE
capability information. The activation of measurement gap has impact not only on
system resource consumption (like DL power, UL interference, etc.) but also on UE itself
(such as UE Tx-power, UE power consumption, etc.). Hence, the Inter-Freq
measurement can be activated only when the signal quality of the serving carrier
frequency becomes worse. When the eNodeB receives the Inter-Freq measurement
report from the UE, it can make Inter-Freq handover decision and then handover the UE
to the target cell whose carrier frequency is the same as the measurement report
indicated.
3.3.1 Inter-Freq Handover Decision
The Inter-Freq measurement used for Inter-Freq handover decision is controlled through
A1 and A2 events reporting. Inter-Freq handover decision is triggered by A3/A5 event.
The event ID and threshold of A3/A5 event used for Inter-Freq handover decision can be
different from those of A3/A5 event used for Intra-Freq handover decision.
3.3.2 Inter-Freq Event Handling
The Inter-Freq event has the same event ID as Intra-Freq event but different
measurement objects ID and measurement ID.
1 When receiving Event A1 for deactivating inter-frequency measurement, eNodeB

shall deactivate all the measurement events for inter-frequency handover judgment
and judge whether inter-frequency measurement gap is configured. Deactivate the
measurement gap if it exists.
2 When receiving Event A2 for activating inter-frequency measurement, eNodeB

activates all related inter-frequency measurements and judges whether the
measurement gap is needed. If yes, the measurement gap shall be activated.

3 When receiving Event A3/A5 for inter-frequency handover judgment, eNodeB

performs the procedures similar to the Intra-frequency handover Event handling
described in Section 3.2.1/
3.4 Handover Based on Load Balancing
3.4.1 Load Balancing Triggered
When the load balancing is switched on, and the cell load balancing parameter is higher
than the threshold, the load balancing among the same coverage cells or overlapped
inter-frequency cells shall be triggered, that is, the UEs with low priority shall be
handover to the neighboring cells with low load so that the traffic of high load cell can be
handover to the neighboring cell with low load to achieve the load balancing without user
release. For the detailed judgment and UE selection flow, please refer to ZTE LTE Load
Management Feature Description V2.1 CHS.doc.
3.4.2 Handover Handling
Load balancing result indicates the UEs to be handovered and target handover cell list.
By the OMC field ucLBMaxHOCell, the maximum cell number which UE attempts to
access can be configured. eNodeB judges whether the cell list number is larger than the
ucLBMaxHOCell. If yes, the first ucLBMaxHOCell cells are regarded as the target cells.
Otherwise, the target handover cell list remains unchanged. The UE attempts to
handover to all the cells in the cell list until the handover is successful and UE receives
Handover Command. If all the attempts fail, the load balancing is regarded as failure and
wait for the next load balancing.
3.5 Inter-RAT Handover Strategy

The Inter-RAT handover in this document indicates that UE switches from one cell of E-
UTRAN network to another wireless network, such as UTRAN, GERAN (the UE switch
from other wireless networks to EUTRAN network depends on the strategy of other
network instead of ETRAN). Inter-RAT handover can be based on Inter-RAT
measurement, or be the blind handover based on the same coverage or overlapping.
3.5.1 Handover to GERAN
The handover from LTE to GERAN can be divided into PS HO, SRVCC, and CCO.
When adopting CCO procedure, eNB needs to configure OMC parameter bySwitchNacc
indicating whether the target GERAN cell supports NACC or not. If the target GERAN
cell supports NACC, the eNB can obtain the system information of the target GERAN
cell via RIM procedure, shortening delay from CCO to target GERAN cell.

3.5.1.1 Handover Events with GERAN
The measurement switch for E-UTRAN/GERAN handover is controlled by Events A1/A2

reporting, and the handovers are triggered by Event B1/B2. The measurement quantity
for GERAN is RSSI. The event trigger threshold is OMC parameter byRatSysNbrTrd.
3.5.1.2 Handover Event processing with GERAN
After eNB has received measurement report Event B1/B2 from UE for LTE/GERAN
handover judgement, eNodeB shall decides the handover methods. The following
factors are considered:
Whether UE has services of QCI=1; Whether target GERAN cell supports VoIP
( configured by OMC field ucGERANNBRcellVoIPFlg); whether target GERAN cell
supports PS HO (configured by OMC field byDtmsupport); whether UE supports CCO or
not.
eNodeB initiates PS HO when:

1. UE has no services of QCI=1 and the target GERAN cell supports PS HO;
2. UE has services of QCI=1 and the target GERAN cell supports VoIP.
eNodeB initiates SRVCC when:
UE has services of QCI=1 and the target GERAN cell does not support VoIP. UE and
MME support SRVCC.
eNodeB initiates CCO when:

1. UE has no services of QCI=1 and the target GERAN cell doesnot support PS HO. UE
supports CCO.
2. UE has services of QCI=1 and the target GERAN cell does not support VoIP. UE or
MME does not support SRVCC and UE supports CCO.
3. Handover preparation failure. UE supports CCO.
Considering the above factors, ZTE eNodeB will initiates different handover methods to
UE and tries to minimize handover latency and reduce the handover influence on the
services.
3.5.2 Handover to UTRAN
LTE handover to UTRAN consists of PS HO or SRVCC. SRVCC is triggered when UE

has voice service of QCI=1 and the Utran cell does not support VoIP.
3.5.2.1 Handover Event with UTRAN
The measurement switch for UTRAN handover is controlled by Event A1/A2 reporting.
Handover judgement is triggered by Event B1/B2. UTRAN measurement quantity is
RSCP or Ec/No, corresponding to OMC parameters byRscpSysNbrTrd and

byEcNoSysNbrTrd respectively for Event threshold. Event-triggered selection is decided

by parameter byUtranMeasQuan.
3.5.2.2 Handover Event processing with UTRAN
After eNodeB has received measurement report Event B1/B2 from UE for LTE/UTRAN
handover judgment, eNodeB shall decides the handover methods. The following factors
are considered:
Whether UE has services of QCI=1; Whether target UTRAN cell supports VoIP
( configured by OMC field ucUTRANNBRcellVoIPFlg); whether target UTRAN cell
supports PS HO (configured by OMC field ucUTRANNBRcellPSHOFlg).
eNodeB initiates PS HO when:

1. UE has no services of QCI=1 and the target UTRAN cell supports PS HO;
2. UE has services of QCI=1 and the target UTRAN cell supports VoIP.
eNodeB initiates SRVCC when:
UE has services of QCI=1 and the target UTRAN cell does not support VoIP. UE and
MME support SRVCC.
Considering the above factors, ZTE eNodeB will initiates different handover methods to
UE and tries to minimize handover latency and reduce the handover influence on the
services.
3.6 Redirection
For mobility management application scenarios which are based on coverage, PS HO or
CCO is preferred if supported by UE and network because PH HO and CCO have better
performance in time delay than redirection. If PS HO and CCO are not supported by UE
radio capacity or the network, redirection is considered (configured by OMC parameter
byRd4Coverage).
The scenarios for this feature:

1 UE supports the frequency band of Inter-Freq or inter-RAT target neighboring cell
and is allowed to access to this neighboring cell, and
2 UE radio capacity doesnt support handover (and CCO) to Inter-Freq or(and) inter-
RAT neighboring cell, or
3 Network side (including RAN or /and Core Network) temporarily cant support Inter-
Freq or (and) inter-RAT handover (and CCO).

3.6.1 Redirection Judgment and Related Measurement
According to the above description, when eNB decides to use redirection based on
coverage, UE should be at the edge of serving cell. At this moment, if UE supports the
measurement on system and frequency band of target neighboring cell in the connected
state, UE must be able to handover to that neighboring cell according to protocols. So if
UE cant perform handover, UE cant perform Inter-Freq/inter-RAT measurement of that
neighboring cell while connected, either. Accordingly, eNB cant configure UE for A3/A5
measurement event which is used for Inter-Freq handover judgment. eNB cant
configure UE for B1/B2 measurement event which is used for inter-RAT handover
judgment, either.
But eNB can configure UE for Intra-Freq measurement Event A2 and uses relevant
report to decide whether UE is at the edge of serving cellthe OMC parameter is
wOpenRedMeasCfg,which is Redirection Measurement Configuration Index. In this
algorithm, Event A2 is called the Event A2 for redirection judgment. The threshold
setting for Event A2 in this version is different from that for Inter-Freq/Inter-RAT
measurement in Inter-Freq/Inter-RAT system handover. Since Inter-Freq/Inter-RAT
handover priority is higher than redirection, the Event A2threshold for redirection
judgment is lower than Event A2 threshold for Inter-Freq/ Inter-RAT measurement. In
another word, when the signal quality of serving cell begins to deteriorate, the Inter-
Freq/Inter-RAT measurement will be activated first. Only when the signal quality of the
serving cell is bad to a certain degree, Event A2 for redirection judgment shall be
activated.
At any moment, eNB only configures one version of Event A2 for UE to perform intra-
Freq measurement. When UE radio capacity, network capacity, neighboring cell
configuration only satisfy one of the two Event A2 versions, eNB configures UE for the
corresponding Event A2 measurement. Event A2 report of UE shall trigger eNB to
proceed with relevant actions.
When UE radio capacity, network capacity, neighbor cell configuration can satisfy both
two versions of Event A2, Event A2 Inter-Freq/Inter-RAT measurement will be first
configured and issued. When eNB receives Event A2 reported by UE, measurement
event for Inter-Freq/Inter-RAT handover judgment will be activated. Meantime, Event A2
threshold will be modified to the Event A2 threshold for redirection judgment and Event
A1 will be issued to terminate Inter-Freq/Inter-RAT measurement. After these, if UE
reports measurement events for Inter-Freq/Inter-RAT handover judgment, eNB shall be
triggered to perform, handover judgment; if UE reports measurement event Event A2
for redirection judgment, eNB shall be triggered to perform redirection judgment; if UE
reports Event A1 for terminating Inter-Freq/Inter-RAT measurement, eNB shall be
triggered to terminate the Inter-Freq/Inter-RAT measurement of UE and adjusts Event
A2 threshold to the Event A2 threshold for starting Inter-Freq/Inter-RAT measurement.
The Event A2 threshold for redirection judgment can be based on the redirection
activating parameter which is preset in the OMC database. The activating threshold can
be based on RSRP, RSRQ of serving cell or on both at the same time. Specific choice is
differentiated through the selecting of different redirection measurement configuration.

3.6.2 Redirection Target System/Frequency Band Selection
After eNB starts redirection judgment, the target system and frequency band for
redirection need to be chosen for UE. After the target system and frequency band are
determined by eNB, relevant information is sent to UE through RRC connection release
signaling. The target system is decided first and then the target frequency band of this
system will be decided. For flexible selection of the target system, the OMC database
field abyRdRATPriority can indicate the priorities of different target systems. For serving
cells with neighbor cells, the redirection system priority needs to be configured for the
system and frequency band of each neighboring cell. When there are multiple
candidates target systems, the target with higher priority will be chosen.
After determining the target system according to redirection priority of each system, if the
target system in neighboring cell has only one frequency band, then this band will be
chosen as the target frequency band. If the target system in neighboring cell has more
than one frequency band, the frequency band of the neighbor cell which has the same
coverage with the serving cell or includes the serving cell will be first selected. This will
guarantee the reliability of redirection. If there is no such neighboring cell, because there
is no neighboring cell measurement available for target frequency band judgment, a
random frequency band will chosen as the target frequency band for redirection.
3.7 CS Fallback to GERAN/UTRAN

By CS Fallback technology, UE can initiate CS service (calling) when UE accesses or in
camped in LTE network, and UE can receive CS service (called), and this technology
can unable UE to handle PS service properly when UE accesses to LTE network.
CS Fallback to GSM cells can be performed by PS HO, CCO or redirection method; CS

Fallback to UTRAN cells can be performed by PS HO or redirection method.
3.7.1 CS Fallback Target Cell and Method Selection
The present version supports blind CS Fallback only. It requires LTE and neighboring
GERAN/UTRAN cells are the same coverage or overlapped. When GERAN and UTRAN
neighboring cells exist at the same time, the CS fallback to GERAN or UTRAN can be
decided by configuring OMC parameter ucTarRATforCSFB.
If eNodeB receives INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP REQUEST or UE CONTEXT

MODIFICATION REQUEST with CS Fallback Indicator from MME at S1 interface,
eNodeB shall first decide the target system for CS Fallback, and then select the target
cell.
PS HO, CCO (target GERAN cell) or redirection can be used for CS Fallback, and the
corresponding latency increases progressively, so ranking is necessary based on UE
and target cell capabilities when selecting the target cells. The cells supporting PS HO
are ranked first,
After the ranking, the eNodeB shall initiate the corresponding CS Fallback to the target
cell according to the first cell capability.

4 Parameter and Configuration
4.1 Related Parameters
4.1.1 Parameter List

Abbreviated name Parameter name
byTrigQuan Trigger Quantity

byReportQuan Measurement report quantity
byRptCriteria Report Criteria
byEvtId Event Identity
byRsrpThreshold Threshold for RSRP
byRsrqThreshold Threshold for RSRQ
byA3offset A3 Offset
byA5Thrd2Rsrp A5 Threshold2 for RSRP
byA5Thrd2Rsrq A5 Threshold2 for RSRQ
byHysterisis Hysteresis
byTrigTime Time to Trigger
byRptIntvl Reporting interval for event
byRptAmt Amount of Reporting for event
byPrdRptInterval Reporting Interval for Periodical
byPrdRptAmount Amount of Reporting for Periodical
byMaxRptCellNum Maximum Cell Number reported
The Indicator for A3 Report On
byReportOnLeave
Leaving
byFilterCoeffRsrp Filter Coefficient for RSRP
byFilterCoeffRsrq Filter Coefficient for RSRQ
byHOCandCelNum Candidate Cell Number for Handover
Partial Admission Switch for Intra-eNB
byHoPartCacSwicth
HO
Maximum number of HO cells for Load
ucLBMaxHOCell
balance
byFilterCoeffGera Filter Coefficient for GERAN
byFilterCoeffUtra Filter Coefficient for UTRAN
byUtranMeasQuan UTRAN Measurement Quantity
Inter-RAT Threshold of RSCP for
byRscpSysNbrTrd
UTRA FDD
Inter-RAT Threshold of EcNo for
byEcNoSysNbrTrd
UTRA FDD
Threshold for GERAN/CDMA System
byRatSysNbrTrd
Measurement

Abbreviated name Parameter name
bySwitchNacc Switch for NACC

byRd4Coverage Redirect for Coverage
Redirection Measurement
wOpenRedMeasCfg
Configuration Index
abyRdRATPriority[6] Redirect RAT Priority
The GERAN Neighbour Cell Supports
byDtmsupport
DTM Indicator
The GERAN Neighbour Cell Supports
ucGERANNBRcellVoIPFlg
VoIP Indicator
The UTRAN neighbour cell supports VoIP
ucUTRANNBRcellVoIPFlg
Indicator
The UTRAN Neighbour Cell Supports PS
ucUTRANNBRcellPSHOFlg
HO Indicator
4.1.2 Parameter Configuration
4.1.2.1 Trigger Quantity

Parameter name Trigger Quantity
Abbreviated name byTrigQuan
This parameter indicates the measurement quantity used to
evaluate the triggering condition for the event. The
quantities used to evaluate the triggering condition for the
Description
event. The values rsrp and rsrq correspond to Reference
Signal Received Power (RSRP) and Reference Signal
Received Quality (RSRQ).
Range and Step enum(rsrp, rsrq)
Unit N/A
Default Value rsrp
4.1.2.2 Measurement Report Quantity

Parameter name Measurement report quantity
Abbreviated name byReportQuan
This parameter indicates whether UE should report the
Description measurement result based on the measurement quantity
RSRP
Range and Step enum (sameAsTriggerQuantity, both)
Unit N/A
Default Value Both
4.1.2.3 Report Criteria

Parameter name Report Criteria

Abbreviated name byRptCriteria

This parameter indicates the report rules of the Inter-Freq
Description
measurement
Range and Step enum (Event triggered reporting, Periodical reporting)
Unit N/A
Default Value Event triggered reporting
4.1.2.4 Event Identity

Parameter name Event Identity
Abbreviated name byEvtId
This parameter indicates the event triggered by the Inter-
Description Freq measurement, which is related to the measurement
quantity.
Range and Step A1,A2,A3, A4, A5
Unit N/A
Default Value A1
4.1.2.5 Threshold for RSRP

Parameter name Threshold for RSRP
Abbreviated name byRsrpThreshold
This parameter indicates the absolute RSRP threshold used
for judging event A1/A2/A4/A5 for server cell.
The principle of actual value of event A4 threshold
corresponding to value in protocol 36.331 is -140
corresponding to 1, -139 corresponding to 2, by parity of
reasoning, -44 corresponding to 97, and 0 in protocol
Description
36.331 can not be gotten.
The principle of actual value of event A5 threshold 1
corresponding to value in protocol 36.331 is -140
Range and Step int (-140, , -44) unit dBm
Unit dBm
Default Value -75
4.1.2.6 Threshold for RSRQ

Parameter name Threshold for RSRQ
Abbreviated name byRsrqThreshold
This parameter indicates the absolute RSRQ threshold used
for judging event A1/A2/A4/A5 for server cell.
Description
The principle of actual value of event A4 threshold
corresponding to value in protocol 36.331 is -19.5


reasoning, -3 corresponding to 34, and 0 in protocol 36.331
can not be gotten.
Range and Step int (-19.5, , -3) step 0.5 unit dB
Unit dB
Default Value -8
4.1.2.7 A3 Offset
Parameter name A3 Offset
Abbreviated name byA3offset
Range of event A3 threshold is actual value, equaling to half of
Description value in protocol 36.331
Range and Step float (-15, , 15) step 0.5 unit dB
Unit dB
Default Value 3
4.1.2.8 A5 Threshold2 for RSRP

Parameter name A5 Threshold2 for RSRP
Abbreviated name byA5Thrd2Rsrp
This parameter indicates the absolute RSRP threshold 2
used for judging event A5 for neighbouring cell.
Description corresponding to value in protocol 36.331 is -140
Range and Step int (-140, , -44)
Unit dBm
Default Value -90
4.1.2.9 A5 Threshold2 for RSRQ

Parameter name A5 Threshold2 for RSRQ
Abbreviated name byA5Thrd2Rsrq
This parameter indicates the absolute RSRQ threshold
offset used for judging event A5 for neighbouring cell.
Description The principle of actual value of event A5 threshold 2
reasoning, -3 corresponding to 34, and 0 in protocol 36.331

can not be gotten.

Range and Step int (-19.5, , -3) step 0.5
Unit dB
Default Value -11
4.1.2.10 Hysteresis
Parameter name Hysteresis
Abbreviated name byHysterisis
This parameter indicates the hysteresis used for judging
Description
event.
Range and Step float (0, , 15) step 0.5
Unit dB
Default Value 0
4.1.2.11 Time to Trigger

Parameter name Time to Trigger
Abbreviated name byTrigTime
This parameter indicates the time difference between having
detected the event generation and reporting the event. Only
when the event generation is detected and still meets all
requirements of event triggering after Time to trigger, the
Description event can be triggered and reported. The larger the value is,
the stricter the judgment is for the event to be triggered. The
parameter should be set according to the actual
requirements. Sometimes, if it is set too large, the quality of
calls may decrease.
Range and Step enum (0, 40, 64, 80, 100, 128, 160, 256, 320, 480, 512, 640,
1024, 1280, 2560, 5120)
Unit ms
Default Value 256
4.1.2.12 Reporting Interval for Event

Parameter name Reporting interval for event
Abbreviated name byRptIntvl
This parameter indicates the time interval to report the
measurement results after triggering event. After event is
triggered, the UE reports the measurement results
Description
according to the report intervals. If the times of event reports
exceeds Amount of Reporting, UE stops reporting the
measurement results.
Range and Step enum (120, 240, 480, 640, 1024, 2048, 5120, 10240, 60000,
360000, 720000, 1800000, 3600000)
Unit Ms

Default Value 1024
4.1.2.13 Amount of Reporting for Event

Parameter name Amount of Reporting for event
Abbreviated name byRptAmt
This parameter indicates the maximum times to report the
measurement report after triggering event. After event is
triggered, the UE reports the measurement results
Description
according to the report intervals. If the times of event reports
exceeds the value indicated by this parameter, UE stops
reporting the measurement results.
Range and Step enum (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, Infinity)
Unit N/A
Default Value 1
4.1.2.14 Reporting Interval for Periodical

Parameter name Reporting Interval for Periodical
Abbreviated name byPrdRptInterval
This parameter indicates the interval of periodical reporting
Description
when such reporting is triggered periodically.
Range and Step enum (120, 240, 480, 640, 1024, 2048, 5120, 10240, 60000,
360000, 720000, 1800000, 3600000)
Unit ms
Default Value 1024
4.1.2.15 Amount of Reporting for Periodical

Parameter name Amount of Reporting for Periodical
Abbreviated name byPrdRptAmount
This parameter indicates the times of the periodical reports
to be reported. If the UE detects that the times of event
Description
reports exceeds the value of Amount of Reporting, UE stops
reporting the measurement results.
Range and Step enum (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, Infinity)
Unit N/A
Default Value Infinity
4.1.2.16 Maximum Cell Number Reported

Parameter name Maximum Cell Number reported
Abbreviated name byMaxRptCellNum
Description This parameter indicates maximum cell number reported
Range and Step int (1, 2, , 8)

Unit N/A
Default Value 3
4.1.2.17 The Indicator for A3 Report On Leaving

Parameter name The Indicator for A3 Report On Leaving
Abbreviated name byReportOnLeave
This parameter indicates whether or not the UE shall initiate
the measurement reporting procedure when the leaving
condition is met for a cell in cellsTriggeredList. Value 0
Description indicates when the entering condition is met UE shall report
the measurement result and value 1 shows when the
entering condition or the leaving condition is met UE shall
report the measurement result.
Range and Step enum (false, true)
Unit N/A
Default Value false
4.1.2.18 Filter Coefficient for RSRP

Parameter name Filter Coefficient for RSRP
Abbreviated name byFilterCoeffRsrp
This parameter indicates the RSRP measurement filtering
Description
coefficient for layer 3.
Range and Step enum (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,13,15,17,19)
Unit N/A
Default Value 4
4.1.2.19 Filter Coefficient for RSRQ

Parameter name Filter Coefficient for RSRQ
Abbreviated name byFilterCoeffRsrq
This parameter indicates the RSRQ measurement filtering
Description
coefficient for layer 3.
Unit N/A
Default Value 4
4.1.2.20 Candidate Cell Number for Handover

Parameter name Candidate Cell Number for Handover
Abbreviated name byHOCandCelNum
This parameter indicates the selected numbers as handover
Description
candidate cell in the cell list of measurement report.
Range and Step enum (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8)

Unit N/A
Default Value 2
4.1.2.21 Partial Admission Switch for Intra-eNB HO

Parameter name Partial Admission Switch for Intra-eNB HO
Abbreviated
byHoPartCacSwicth
name
The parameter determine whether UE can handover to intra-eNB
Cell .If this switch is open,UE can handover to target cell even if
Description
there is only one service admission;If this switch is closed,UE can
handover to target cell when all of services gain admission.
Range and Step enum (0 , 1)
0:close;
1:open
Unit N/A
Default Value close
4.1.2.22 Maximum number of HO cells for Load balance

Parameter name Maximum number of HO cells for Load balance
Abbreviated
ucLBMaxHOCell
name
This parameter indicates maximum number of handover cells for
Description
load balance
Range and Step int (1, 2, , 6)
Unit N/A
Default Value 2
4.1.2.23 Filter Coefficient for GERAN

Parameter name Filter Coefficient for GERAN
Abbreviated name byFilterCoeffGera
This parameter indicates the filter coefficient used in the
Description
measurement to GERAN cell.
Unit N/A
Default Value 4
4.1.2.24 Filter Coefficient for UTRAN

Parameter name Filter Coefficient for UTRAN
Abbreviated name byFilterCoeffUtra
This parameter indicates the filter coefficient used in the
Description
measurement to UTRA FDD cell.


Unit N/A
Default Value 4
4.1.2.25 UTRAN Measurement Quantity

Parameter name UTRAN Measurement Quantity
Abbreviated name byUtranMeasQuan
This parameter indicates the trigger quantity used in the
Description
measurement to UTRA FDD neighbour cell.
Range and Step enum (0, 1)
0: Cpich Ec/No;
1: Cpich RSCP
Unit N/A
Default Value Cpich RSCP
4.1.2.26 Inter-RAT Threshold of RSCP for UTRA FDD

Parameter name Inter-RAT Threshold of RSCP for UTRA FDD
Abbreviated name byRscpSysNbrTrd
As CPICH_RSCP of UTRA FDD cell is above this threshold,
Description
the handover to UTRA FDD cell is triggered.
Unit dBm
Default Value -95
4.1.2.27 Inter-RAT Threshold of EcNo for UTRA FDD

Parameter name Inter-RAT Threshold of EcNo for UTRA FDD
Abbreviated name byEcNoSysNbrTrd
As CPICH_Ec/No of UTRA FDD cell is above this threshold,
Description
the handover to UTRA FDD.
Range and Step float (-24.5, , -48) step 0.5 unit dB
Unit dB
Default Value -24
4.1.2.28 Threshold for GERAN Neighbour Cell Measurement

Parameter name Threshold for GERAN neighbour cell measurement
Abbreviated name byRatSysNbrTrd
This parameter indicates the threshold which is used to
handover to GERAN. As the received signal power of the
Description GERAN, the handover to GERAN is triggered. The default
value consists of two value, corresponding to B1 event and
B2 event.


Unit N/A
Default Value -90
4.1.2.29 Switch for NACC

Parameter name Switch for NACC
Abbreviated name bySwitchNacc
The parameter indicates whether the target GERAN support
NACC. If the target GERAN cell support NACC, LTE cell can
Description
obtain basic information of GERAN cell via NACC and this
information can be send to UE during handover.
Range and Step enum(close,open)
Unit N/A
Default Value close
4.1.2.30 Redirect for Coverage

Parameter name Redirect for Coverage
Abbreviated name byRd4Coverage
This is a switch for the algorithm applied for coverage based
Description redirect.If this switch is closed,redirection wouldnt be
considered
Range and Step enum(false,true)
Unit N/A
Default Value false
4.1.2.31 Redirection Measurement Configuration Index

Parameter name Redirection Measurement Configuration Index
Abbreviated name wOpenRedMeasCfg
Description This is Redirection Measurement Configuration Index
Range and Step 0~2047
Unit N/A
Default Value 1400
4.1.2.32 Redirect RAT Priority

Parameter name Redirect RAT Priority
Abbreviated name abyRdRATPriority
This array indicates the priority of candidate RATs for
redirect target. eNB selects the target RAT based on this
Description information. From the first array member, each denotes the
corresponding priority of EUTRA, GERAN, UTRA-FDD,
UTRA-TDD, CDMA2000-HRPD and CDMA2000-1xRTT

respectively. The value range of each integer array member

is from 0 to 255. A higher value indicates a higher priority.
The default value 0 means there is no applicable neighbor
cell for the corresponding RAT. Each non-isolated serving
cell shall be configured with the redirect RAT priority for the
corresponding neighbouring cell(s).
Range and Step int(0,,255) step1
Unit N/A
Default Value [100, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
4.1.2.33 The GERAN Neighbour Cell Supports DTM Indicator

Parameter name The GERAN Neighbour Cell Supports DTM Indicator
Abbreviated
byDtmsupport
name
This parameter indicates the GERAN neighbouring cell supports
Description
DTM and DTM HO, or not.
Range and Step enum (0,1,2)
0 Supports DTM and DTM HO
1 Supports DTM , Not Support DTM HO
2 Not Support DTM
Unit N/A
Default Value Supports DTM and DTM HO
4.1.2.34 The GERAN Neighbour Cell Supports VoIP Indicator

Parameter name The GERAN Neighbour Cell Supports VoIP Indicator
Abbreviated
ucGERANNBRcellVoIPFlg
name
This parameter indicates the GERAN neighbour cell supports VoIP,
Description
or not.
Range and Step enum (Not Support VoIP,Supports VoIP)
Unit N/A
Default Value Not Support VoIP
4.1.2.35 The UTRAN neighbour cell supports VoIP Indicator

Parameter name The UTRAN neighbour cell supports VoIP Indicator
Abbreviated
ucUTRANNBRcellVoIPFlg
name
This parameter indicates the UTRAN neighbour cell supports VoIP,
Description
or not.
Range and Step enum (Not Support VoIP,Support VoIP)
Unit N/A
Default Value Not Support VoIP

4.1.2.36 The UTRAN Neighbour Cell Supports PS HO Indicator

Parameter name The UTRAN Neighbour Cell Supports PS HO Indicator
Abbreviated
ucUTRANNBRcellPSHOFlg
name
This parameter indicates the UTRAN neighbour cell supports PS
Description
HO, or not.
Range and Step enum(Supports PS HO,Not support PS HO)
Unit N/A
Default Value Supports PS HO
5 Glossary
1xRRT CDMA2000 1x Radio Transmission Technology
3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
BCCH Broadcast Control Channel
CCO Cell Change Order
CDMA2000 Code Division Multiple Access 2000
CIO Cell Individual Offset
CS Circuit-Switched
CSG Closed Subscriber Group
DL Downlink
DRX Discontinuous Reception

eNB E-UTRAN NodeB

EPLMN Equivalent PLMN
E-UTRAN Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network
FDD Frequency Division Duplex
GERAN GSM EDGE Radio Access Network
GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
HRPD High Rate Packet Data
HPLMN Home PLMN
ID Identity
IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity
LTE Long-Term Evolution
MIB Master Information Block
MME Mobility Management Entity
NAS Non Access Stratum

PS HO Packet-switched handover
PLMN Public Land Mobile Network
RAT Radio Access Technology
RSRP Reference Signal Received Power
RSRQ Reference Signal Received Quality
SGW Serving GateWay
SIB System Information Block
SIM Subscriber Identity Module
SRVCC Single Radio Voice Call Continuity
TA Timing Advance
TA Tracking Area
USIM Universal Subscriber Identity Module
UE User Equipment
UTRAN Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network
UL Uplink
VPLMN Visited PLMN

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LTE FDD

Product Type Technical Description

Version Date Author Approved By Remarks

V1.0 2011-02-15 Cheng Hao Not open to the Third Party

V2.0 2011-08-15 Cheng Hao Not open to the Third Party

2011 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.

2 Function Description ................................................................................................. 1

3 Technical Description ................................................................................................ 4

4 Parameter and Configuration .................................................................................. 25

Figure 1 Measurement Gap Configuration with Propagation Delay .......................................... 16

II 2011 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved. ZTE Confidential Proprietary

Abbreviations used in this document are explained in Glossary.

1 Intra-Freq handover strategy

2 Inter-Freq handover strategy

3 Measurement interval configuration strategy for Inter-Freq handover

5 Intra-RAT Handover based on Load Balancing

2.1 Intra-Freq Handover Strategy

ZTE Confidential Proprietary 2011 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved. 1

2.2 Inter-Freq Handover Strategy

2.3 Measurement Gap Configuration Strategy

2.4 Redirection Strategy

2 2011 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved. ZTE Confidential Proprietary

support handover to target system/frequency, the UE will handover to specified target

2.5 Intra-RAT Handover Based on Load Balancing

2.6 Handover to UTRAN

2.7 Handover to GERAN

ZTE Confidential Proprietary 2011 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved. 3

2.8 CS Fallback to GERAN/UTRAN

3.1 Measurement in RRC_Connected

3.1.1 Intra-RAT Event-triggered Measurement Reporting

LTE defines altogether 5 intra-system measurements: A1~A5, of which A1 and A2 are

Apply inequality A1-1, as the entering condition for this event

Apply inequality A1-2, as the leaving condition for this event

Inequality A1-1 (Entering condition)

4 2011 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved. ZTE Confidential Proprietary

Ms Hys > Thresh

Inequality A1-2Leaving condition

Ms + Hys < Thresh

The variables in the formula are defined as follows:

The above formulas show:

Event A1 in this algorithm is mainly used to close the Intra-Freq/ Inter-RAT

Apply inequality A2-1, as the entering condition for this event

Apply inequality A2-2, as the leaving condition for this event

ZTE Confidential Proprietary 2011 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved. 5

Inequality A2-1 (Entering condition)

Ms + Hys < Thresh

Inequality A2-2Leaving condition

Ms Hys > Thresh

The variables in the formula are defined as follows:

The two formulas show:

Apply inequality A3-1, as the entering condition for this event

Apply inequality A3-2, as the leaving condition for this event

6 2011 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved. ZTE Confidential Proprietary

Inequality A3-1 (Entering condition)

Mn + Ofn + Ocn Hys > Ms + Ofs + Ocs + Off

Inequality A3-2Leaving condition

Mn + Ofn + Ocn + Hys < Ms + Ofs + Ocs + Off

The variables in the formula are defined as follows:

ZTE Confidential Proprietary 2011 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved. 7

Event A4 means neighboring becomes better than a predefined threshold. When

Apply inequality A4-1, as the entering condition for this event

Apply inequality A4-2, as the leaving condition for this event

Inequality A4-1 (Entering condition)