1

Which one of the following rehearsal strategies would be most effective in remembering the name of
someone you just met?
A Intentional rehearsal
B Maintenance rehearsal
C Elaborative rehearsal
D Proactive rehearsal
E Retroactive rehearsal

2
Memory for automatic activities, such as bike riding and handwriting, is known as:
A Declarative memory
B Procedural memory
C Repressed memory
D Semantic memory
E Sensory memory

3
If you studied French in high school, you might have a hard time learning Spanish vocabulary words in
college because of:
A Decay
B Dual coding
C Generalization
D Proactive interference
E Retroactive interference

4
Retrograde amnesia is a phenomenon in which a person suffers a brain injury from a stroke or an
accident and loses memory of what?
A Childhood events before age 8
B Declarative memory
C Events immediately after the injury
D Events immediately before the injury
E Procedural memory

5
What is memory loss that occurs only as a result of the passage of time called?
A Amnesia
B Decay
C Dementia
D Interference
E Natural forgetting

6
Damage to or removal of what part of the brain can cause anterograde amnesia?
A Cerebellum
B Corpus callosum
C Hippocampus
D Hypothalamus
E Thalamus

7
The process by which a stimulus is attended to, identified, studied, and incorporated into memory is
known as:
A Appraisal
B Chunking
C Encoding
D Feature detection
E Retrieval

8
The capacity of working memory, according to Millers Law, is quantified as:
A 7 2 bits
B 7 2 chunks
C 7 3 chunks
D 9 2 bits
E 9 2 chunks

9
Last night, I ate Chipotle for dinner is an example of what type of memory?
A Episodic
B Flashbulb
C Procedural
D Semantic
E Taste aversion

10
French toast, pancakes, and eggs are all common breakfast foods is an example of what type of
memory?
A Episodic
B Flashbulb
C Procedural
D Schema
E Semantic

11
When Gwendolyn told her roommate about the chemistry exam she had just completed, she knowingly
exaggerated its difficulty. Subsequently, Gwendolyns memory of the exam was that it was as difficult as
she had reported it to be. This best illustrates:
A Flashbulb memory
B Misinformation effect
C Mood-congruent memory
D Proactive interference
E Self-reference effect

12
Which of the following is an example of prospective memory?
A Remembering how to play checkers
B Remembering how to ride a bike
C Remembering the capital of Georgia
D Remembering your third birthday
E Remembering to buy your sister a birthday present next week.

13
After suffering a brain injury in a car accident, Russell cannot form new memories. He can, however,
remember his life experiences before the accident. Russells memory problem most clearly illustrates:
A Repression
B Retroactive interference
C Source amnesia
D Intentional forgetting
E Encoding failure
14
On the first day of her new job, Jess is introduced to eight new coworkers. Moments later, she can only
remember the names of the first three and last two coworkers. Her experience illustrates what
memory-based psychological concept?
A Overwhelmed encoding
B Source amnesia
C The spacing effect
D The next-in-line effect
E Serial position effect

15
In attempting to find and purchase high-quality makeup products, Carla reminds herself that the most
expensive brands are the best. Carlas self-reminder illustrates the use of:
A An algorithm
B Cognitive dissonance
C A heuristic
D The framing effect
E Functional fixedness

16
Which of the following is an example of a 2-year-old Sophias overextension in language?
A Misspelling words
B Mispronouncing words
C Saying doggie for every animal with four legs and a tail
D Saying feed you when meaning feed me
E Saying I seed for past tense instead of I saw

17
Dora is organizing a fundraiser for her schools Health Club. She plans to donate a portion of the
proceeds to a charitable organization focused on a world health problem. She is deciding between a
foundation focused on increasing the accessibility of AIDS medication and an organization focused on
malaria prevention and treatment. Believing that it is more prevalent than malaria, she chose AIDS. It
turns out that Dora is wrong: fewer people have AIDS than malaria, but she has heard more about AIDS
in her lifetime so she believes she can think of more stories pertaining to that disease. What was Dora
using when reasoning about the frequency of these two diseases?
A Availability heuristic
B Cognitive dissonance
C Complex heuristic
D Confirmation bias
E Representative heuristic

18
What are phonemes?
A Gaps between speech sounds that indicate word boundaries
B Measurement units of acoustic energy
C Syllables
D The smallest meaningful units of sound in speech
E The smallest structural units of sound in speech

19
Who developed the hypothesis of linguistic determinism? That is, that language patterns play a
dominant role in shaping a persons thoughts and behavior.
A Freud
B Gardner
C Somerville
D Sternberg
E Whorf

20
A robin is judged to be a better example of a bird than some others, a parrot or flamingo, for example.
Therefore, a robin would be considered a(n) _______ of birds.
A Ideal
B Imprint
C Prototype
D Reciprocal
E Representative heuristic

21
On Monday, the meteorologist forecast a 20% chance of rain, so Jose took his umbrella to work. On
Wednesday, the meteorologist reported an 80% chance of sunshine, so Jose left his umbrella at home.
Joses behavior illustrates what psychological concept?
A Belief perseverance
B Confirmation bias
C Framing effect
D Overconfidence
E Representative heuristic

22
Which linguist is most closely associated with the concept of universal grammar? He famously
challenged behaviorist accounts of language acquisition.
A Broca
B Chomsky
C Lorenz
D Wernicke
E Whorf

23
In order to determine if someone has just said bark or park, you have to discriminate the initial
sound, or:
A Morpheme
B Phoneme
C Syllable
D Phonic
E Differentiated emphasis

24
Bill uses a rule of thumb when solving a maze quickly on an iPad app. He is using:
A An algorithm
B A mental representation
C A mental set
D A heuristic
E A shortcut

25
People tend to seek out and find more convincing evidence that is consistent with an already-held view.
This pattern, which can lead one astray, is known as what?
A Actor-observer effect
B Confirmation bias
C Fundamental attribution error
D Hindsight bias
E Self-serving bias
26
You would be more likely to agree to a surgery with a 50% success rate than a 50% failure rate. What
psychological concept illustrates this concept?
A Algorithms
B Confirmation bias
C Framing effect
D Hindsight bias
E Representative heuristic

27
If you ask most Americans where they were when they learned about the 9/11 attack, you will likely hear
a vivid, detailed recollection. This is an example of a somewhat controversial phenomenon called:
A Encoding specificity
B Flashbulb memory
C Intentional memory creation
D Shock-induced selective attention
E The Stroop effect

28
Interference theory and decay theory are contrasting ideas to explain what memory process?
A Dreaming
B Encoding errors
C Forgetting
D Mental imagery
E Prosopagnosia

29
When rehearsal of incoming information is prevented, which of the following will most likely occur?
A The information will remain indefinitely in short-term memory.
B There will be no transfer of the information to long-term memory.
C The sensory register will stop processing the information.
D Retrieval of the information from long-term memory will be easier.
E Information already in long-term memory will be integrated with the incoming information.

30
On a fishing trip, Ed realizes that he has mistakenly packed the sewing box instead of the tackle box. He
wants to fish but returns home because he does not have any line or hooks. Eds failure to realize that
sewing thread can be used as fishing line and that a bent needle can be used as a hook is an example of
A poor problem representation
B cognitive accommodation
C backward masking
D functional fixedness
E proactive interference

31
A teenager would most probably draw on which of the following to recall her tenth birthday party?
A Episodic memory
B Semantic memory
C Echoic memory
D Eidetic memory
E State-dependent learning

32
Elena is presented with a list of 20 numbers. When asked to recall this list, she remembers more
numbers from the beginning than from the end of the list. This phenomenon demonstrates which of the
following types of effect?
A Mnemonic
B Primacy
C Recency
D Secondary
E Clustering

33
A prototype is best defined as
A an example of habituation
B an example of bottom-up processing
C the equivalent of feature abstraction
D the hypothetial most typical instance of a category
E an essential element of category membership

34
A teacher asks students to think of as many uses for a brick as possible. By listing 50 uses, most of
which the class finds new and unusual, Susan is displaying
A computational learning
B paired-associate thinking
C hypothetical thinking
D divergent thinking
E convergent thinking

35
A word or part of a word that is in itself meaningful, but that cannot be broken into smaller meaningful
units, is called a
A grapheme
B morpheme
C phoneme
D performative
E holophrase

36
According to Benjamin Whorfs linguistic relativity hypothesis, which of the following is true?
A Individuals have a natural predisposition to learn language.
B Individuals learn positive instances of concepts faster than they learn negative instances.
C Children learn their first language from their relatives and their peer group.
D Different languages predispose those individuals who speak them to think about the world in
different ways.
E Children learn quantifying words such as more and further sooner than they do absolutes
such as every and all.

37
According to the information-processing view of memory, the first stage in memory processing involves
A retrieval
B storage
C rehearsal
D encoding
E transfer

38
John suffered a head injury in an accident five years ago. He now has clear memories of events that
occurred before the accident, but he has great difficulty remembering any of the experiences he has
had since the accident. Johns symptoms describe
A anterograde amnesia
B Brocas aphasia
C cue-dependent forgetting
D selective amnesia
E retroactive interference

39
When a list of words is learned in order, the words most likely to be forgotten are those that are
A at the beginning of the list
B at the end of the list
C in the middle of the list
D hearest to pronounce
E easiest to spell

40
The rules of grammar are the rules of
A phonemes
B morphemes
C syntax
D semantics
E pragmatics

41
An individuals ability to remember the day he or she first swam the length of a swimming pool is most
clearly an example of which of the following kinds of memory?
A Semantic
B Flashbulb
C Procedural
D Priming
E Episodic

42
Processing every possible combination of the letters DBRI to arrive at the word BIRD is an example of
the use of
A an algorithm
B an expert system
C an inference rule
D a hypothesis
E a heuristic

43
Noam Chomskys view of language proposes that
A there is an inherent language acquisition device
B thinking is merely subvocal language
C different levels of language ability are hereditarily determined
D language acquisition can be explained by social modeling
E language is learned principally through verbal reinforcement