Final Examination in Statistics

1. Differentiate probability sampling from non-probability sampling. Briefly explain each

type of sampling under each category.

In Probability Sampling, the sample is a proportion of the population and sample is selected by
means of systematic way in which every element of the population has a chance of being
included in the sample.
There are 4 types of Probability Sampling and they are as follows:
a. Pure Random Sampling also called lottery sampling, which may be used if the population
has no differentiated levels, sections or classes.
b. Systematic Sampling a sampling in which every n th name in the list may be selected to be
included in the sample.
c. Stratified Random Sampling the population is grouped into a more or less homogenous
classes or strata in order to avoid the possibility of drawing samples whose members come
from one stratum.
d. Cluster Sampling also called area sampling because it is applied in geographical basis.

On the other hand, in Non-probability Sampling, the sample is not a proportion of the population
and there is no system in selecting the sample
There are also 4 types of sampling under Non-probability sampling:
a. Accidental Sampling - is a type of sampling in which there is no system of selection but only
those whom researcher or interviewer meets by chance.
b. Quota Sampling in this type of sampling specified number of persons of certain types is
included in the sample. Many sectors of the population are represented in this type.
c. Convenience Sampling is a process of picking out people in the most convenient and
fastest way to get reactions immediately.
d. Purposive Sampling is based on the criteria laid down by the researcher.

2. Differentiate parameters from statistics.

3. What are the properties of the mean, median, and mode?

4. The table at the right shows a frequency distribution of grades on a final examination in
English I. Using this distribution, find:

a) the lowest grade scored by the top 25% of the class.

b) the highest grade scored by the lowest 20% of the class.

c) the highest grade scored by the top 75% of the class.

d) the coefficient of variation of scores

e) coefficient of quartile variation

f) the Pearson's coefficient of skewness of the scores

g) the midquartile of the scores

h) Describe the degree of departure of the distribution of the scores from symmetry in
terms of mean, median and mode.

i) Interpret the result of the standard deviation as applied to the scores.

5. A softdrink vending machine is set to dispense 6 ounces per cup. If the machine is
tested eight times, yielding a mean cup fill of 5.8 ounces with a standard deviation of
0.16 ounce, is thus evidence at the level significance ?? = 0.05 that the machine is
underfilling cups?

6. A manufacturer of ball bearing guarantees to have a mean outside diameter of 0.8525

inch with standard deviation of 0.003. If a random sample of nine bearings from a large
lot of these bearings has a mean outside diameter of 0.8529 inch, at the 1 percent level
of significance does this lot meet the manufacturer's guarantee on the mean outside
diameter.

7. The mean lifespan of electric bulbs produced by company A is 1,482 hrs with a standard
deviation of 430 hours, while those of company B is only 1,215 hours, with a standard
deviation of 320 hours. If random samples of 100 each are tested, would the electric
bulbs of compant A be significantly better than those f company B at the 0.05 level of
significance.