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Control Tests for Concrete

ANNACIVIL BLOG

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Project Specifications
Characteristics of the mixture
Maximum size aggregate
Characteristics of the cement, water
aggregates and admixtures
Characteristics of the plastic and/or hardened
concrete
Temperature, slump, air content
Compressive and/or flexural strength
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Strength specimens
ASTM C 31 field molded specimens
ASTM C 192 laboratory specimens
6 x 12 for 1 inch or greater max size CA
4 x 8 for -inch or less
Beams are 6 x 6 x 30-inches
Field specimens cured in same manner as
structure
Lab specimens cured in sat. limewater or
moist room.
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Strength Tests of Hardened

Concrete
Compressive Strength Testing of Concrete,
ASTM C39
Unbonded neoprene caps, ASTM C1231
Flexural Strength - 3rd Point Method, ASTM
C78
Flexural Strength - Center Point Loading,
ASTM C293
Splitting Tensile Strength of Concrete. ASTM
C496
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Destructive Testing of
Hardened Concrete
ASTM C 39 for test cylinders
Strength effected by L/D ratio
Condition of the ends of samples
Sulfur mortar caps vs unbonded neoprene caps
Loading rate (20-50 psi/sec)
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Failure Modes of Compression

Testing
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Flexure Strength Testing -

Third Point Loading

R = PL/bd2
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Flexure Strength Testing -

Center Point Loading
P

L = span

R = 3PL/2bd2
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Splitting Tensile Test

Ts = 2P/ld
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NDT
Compressive Strength
Rebound - Schmidt Hammer
Penetration Testing - Windsor Probe

Maturity Testing
In-Place Compressive Strength
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Nondestructive Test Methods

Rebound Hammer Tests
Schmidt Hammer
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Frequency of Testing
FA Aggregate Moisture testing
Twice daily
1% change effects mix water requirement by 13
pcy
Slump Test
First batch of concrete delivered each day
When consistency appears to vary
Strength cylinders are made
Temperature of concrete recorded
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Cont
Air content tests
Initial batch of concrete
When concrete test cylinders are made
Temperature of concrete recorded
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Cont
Concrete strength testing for each class of
concrete placed
Not less than once per day
Not less than once for each 150 cy of concrete
placed
Not less than once for each 5000 sq ft. of surface
area for slabs and walls.
One 7-day, two 28-day cylinders are required
for each test and one or more hold
specimens.
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Moisture Content of
Aggregates
Oven dry method
Microwave
Moisture meter
Electrical resistivity
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Plastic Concrete
Sampling freshly mixed concrete
ASTM C 172
2 or more portions within 15 minutes
Consistency
Slump test ASTM C 143
Test to be completed in 2 minutes after obtaining
sample
Vebe consistometer
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Cont
Temperature measurement
ASTM C 1064
This test should be completed within 5 minutes
after obtaining the sample
Air content
ASTM C 231 pressure method
ASTM C 173 volumetric method
Test to be started within 5 minutes after obtaining
sample
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Density and Yield

ASTM C 138
Unit weight of plastic concrete
Yield provides information concerning
volumetric quantity of concrete produced
per batch
Y = total weight of components/unit weight
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Time of setting
ASTM C 403
Penetration resistance as a function of time
Initial set 500 psi (2-6 hours)
Final set 4000 psi (4-12 hours)
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Durability
Frost Resistance
ASTM C666
Freezing in air and thawing in water

Freezing in water and thawing in water

Sulfate Resistance
ASTM C1012
Corrosion Resistance
ASTM C876 - Potentiometric Mapping
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Corrosion Determination -
Potentiometric Mapping
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Probability of Corrosion
Less than -0.20V 90% No Corrosion
Greater than -0.35V 90% Corrosion
Between -0.20V and -0.35V increasing
probability of Corrosion
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Galvanic Cathodic Protection

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Impressed Current Cathodic

Protection
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Other Tests
Determination of Chloride Ion Content
in Hardened Concrete
ASTM C1152
ASTM C1218
Corrosion threshold level
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Infrared Thermography
Technique used for locating shallow delaminations,
cracks, and voids.
Infrared Thermography is based on two basic
principles from heat transfer: conduction and
radiation. Sound materials with no voids, gaps, or
cracks are more thermally conductive than materials
that are delaminated or contain moisture.
This allows rapid areal mapping of internal
conditions. It should be noted that the IT method is
most useful for the detection of shallow defects and
flaws.
Tests For: Voids, Delaminations, Cracks, Moisture.
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This is a photo of a
condominium. The dark (cool)
streak is water in the wall under
vinyl siding from a leaking
washing machine on the third
floor.
The camera showed the source
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NDT
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity
Dynamic modulus of elasticity
Cracking
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Pulse Velocity Testing

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NDT
Other Dynamic Tests
Impact echo
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Impact Echo Testing

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Impact Echo Scanning from the top

To locate top and bottom

delamination caused by
corrosion at the top and
bottom reinforcement
An Impact Echo Scanner
was used to scan on the top
of the balcony deck
A point by point Impact
Echo test was used from the
underside to confirm the top
delamination

Impact Echo Test (point by point) from the underside

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8
Width (ft)

6
1.2

1.0
0.95
4 0.85
0.8

0.5

0.0
0
-7 -4 -1 2 5 8
Length (ft)
Living Room Area

Graphical IES Test Results (Normalized Thickness) from the Balcony Deck