Jennylyn A.

Poo BS Physical Education

Wednesday 2:00pm-5:00pm

Essence of Validating of Instructional Materials Used in Physical Education

Subject of Senior High School at Rizal Technological University Boni Campus

Activities Target Date Date Remarks

Accomplished

Chapter 1

Introduction

Statement of
the Problem

Conceptual/
Theoretical
Framework

Hypothesis

Scope and
Delimitation

Significance of
the Study

Definition of
Terms

Chapter 2
Review of
Related
Literature and
Studies
Essence of Validating of Instructional Materials Used in Physical Education Subject of

Senior High School at Rizal Technological University Boni Campus

A Thesis Presented to the Institute of Physical Education

Rizal Technological University
Boni Avenue, Mandaluyong City

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for

Thesis Writing Proper with Oral Defense

By Jennylyn A. Poo
January, 2017
 CHAPTER I
The Problem and Its Background

Introduction

Websters Dictionary defined Physical Education as a part of education which

gives instructions in the development and care of the body rending from simple

callisthenic exercises to a course of study providing training in hygiene, gymnastics and

the performance and management of athletics games.

While Barrow defined Physical Education as an education of and through

human movement where many of educational objectives are achieved by means of big

muscle activities involving sports, games, gymnastic, dance and exercise.

In order to achieve its objective, every teacher needs supplies and resources to

have a successful classroom. Using instructional materials can really help to introduce

new concepts to the students.

Instructional materials are materials which assist teachers to make their lessons

explicit to learners. They are also used to transmit information, ideas and notes to

learners (Ljaduola, 1997). These are the tools used in educational lessons, which

includes active learning and assessment. It includes both visuals and audiovisuals such

as pictures, flashcards, posters, charts, tape recorder, radio, video, television and

computers. Basically, any resource a teacher uses to help him teach his students is an

instructional material.
 According to Hitchens (1963), instructional materials help to improve the

intellectual power of the teacher. As the teachers studies the instructional materials it

will help to build their intellectual power and help them to impact the knowledge on

students.

Abdulahi (2008) on the other hand, stated that instructional materials help

teachers to make use of the working model. The teacher will properly organize in

impacting the actual course content to the student.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to find out the essence of validating of instructional materials

used in physical education subject of senior high school students at Rizal Technological

University.

Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What are the professional characteristics of the physical education teachers

in terms of:

1.1 Educational attainment

1.2 Years of teaching experience in physical education

1.3 Number of seminars attended

2. What are the criteria in validating instructional materials used in teaching

physical education?

3. What are the common problems met by the physical education teachers in

using instructional materials?

4. What teaching practices in physical education are preferred by the teacher?

 5. Is there a significant relationship between teaching practices used by the

physical education teachers and problems met in using instructional materials

in teaching?

6. Is there a significant difference in using instructional materials when the

following variables are considered:

6.1 Educational attainment

6.2 Years of teaching experience in physical education

6.3 Number of seminars attended

Hypothesis

This study tests that:

1. There is no significant relationship between teaching practices used by the

physical education teachers and problems met in using instructional materials

in teaching.

2. There is no significant difference in using instructional materials when the

following variables are considered:

2.1 Educational attainment

2.2 Years of teaching experience in physical education

2.3 Number of seminars attended

Conceptual Framework

This research was initiated in order to find out the essence of validating of

instructional materials used in physical education subject of senior high school.

 INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

-Professional

characteristics of the -Researcher made -Validating of instructional

physical education instrument or survey materials used in Physical

teachers in terms of: questionnaire Education subject of

1. Educational attainment Senior High School

2. Years of teaching

experience in physical

education

3. Number of seminars

attended

The researcher used the Input, Process, Output Method or the IPO Model

wherein the professional characteristics of the physical education teachers in terms of

educational attainment, years of teaching experience in physical education and

numbers of seminars attended as the input; researcher made instrument or survey

questionnaire as the process; and validating of instructional materials used in physical

education subject of senior high school as the output of the study.

Scope and Delimitation

The findings of this study rely on the perceptions of the respondents as obtained

from the questionnaires. The respondents of this study consist of physical education

teachers of Grade 11 and Grade 12 at Rizal Technological University Boni Campus,

School Year 2016-2017.

Significance of the Study

The findings of this study will be beneficial to the following:

Teachers. this study helps to select and develop appropriate teaching

methodology and use of instructional materials.

Students. this study will pose as an informative basis for their studies in relation

to the use of instructional materials and teaching practices.

School Administration. this study will provide relevant information on how to

validate and develop instructional materials. It may also serve as a reference for

understanding the strength and weakness of the teachers.

Future Researchers. this study will contribute as reference to make further

studies related to the essence of validating of instructional materials used in physical

education subject. Future researchers may also conduct another study using other

variables.

Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined for the benefit of the readers. This will serve as

their guide for them to understand this research easily.

Instructional Materials. These are materials that can be used to illustrate the

content of instruction so as to make teaching and learning more effective and efficient.

Media. Is used to think about television, satellite communication, computer and

other sophisticated modern technologies.

Resources. Supply of materials of teachers in doing instructional materials.

 Criteria. Important matters that should be consider in selecting instructional

materials.
 CHAPTER II

Review of Related Literature

In an attempt to define the term instructional material, the two key words

of instructional and media will be defined. However, it is pertinent to note that

instructional material is otherwise known as instructional media. The term instruction

according to Adekola (2008) is a deliberate arrangement of experience within the

learning space, classroom, laboratory, workshop etc aimed at helping

learners to achieve desirable changed in behaviour or performance.

Media according to Viloo (2008) is used to think about television, satellite

communication, computer and other sophisticated modern technologies. Now,

Instructional Materials as the name suggests, are materials of visual and audio-visual

category that helps to make concepts abstracts and ideas concrete in the teaching or

learning process. They are also materials which the teacher uses in supplementing his

teachings. Instructional materials include materials used to

facilitate learning for better results.

Gbamanja (2001) described instructional material as any devices with

instructional content or function that is used for teaching purposes including books,

supplementary reading materials, audio-visual and other sensory materials, script for

audio and television instruction, programme for manage sets of materials for

construction and manipulation.

 To Onyeozu (2007), instructional materials are resource material which helps to

facilitate teaching and learning. The use of instructional materials does not only

encourage teachers and students to work collaboratively but also results in more

cooperative learning activities among the students.

Ikerionwu (2000) refers to instructional materials as objects or devices which help

the teacher to make learning meaningful to the learners.

A key feature of effective teaching is the selection of instructional materials that

meet the needs of students and fit the constraints of the teaching and learning

environment. According to Mukwa (1988), when selecting media to be used for

teaching, a teacher could put into consideration the objectives, presentation of

information and responses to be evoked. The use of instructional material provides the

teacher with interesting and compelling platforms for conveying information since they

motivate learners to learn more. Instructional materials are channel of communication

through which information passes for usage of educational situation in conjunction with

the instructor. Going through the description of instructional material, it would be

observed that the understanding behind the use of instructional material is to aid

learners in their learning.

Instructional materials are highly important for teaching, especially for

inexperienced teachers. Teachers rely on instructional materials in every aspect of

teaching. They need materials for background information on the subject they are

teaching. Young teachers usually have not built up their expertise whenever they enter

into the field. Teachers often use instructional materials for lesson planning. These
materials are also needed by teachers to assess the knowledge of their

students. Teachers often assess students by assigning tasks, creating projects, and

administering exams. Instructional materials are essential for all of these activities.

Teachers are often expected to create their own lesson plans. This can be

difficult, especially if the teacher has limited background knowledge on the

subject. Teachers are expected to have a wide variety of expertise in many different

fields. Often, they need instructional aides to supplement their knowledge. Instructional

materials can help provide background knowledge on the subject the teacher is

planning for, and offer suggestions for lesson plans. Lesson planning is often the most

stressful aspect of teaching. Teachers are usually dependent on them to do their job

properly.

Assessing students correctly can sometimes be a challenge. There is some

controversy about the effectiveness of exams in assessing the ability of students.

Instructional materials can offer some insight into the best methods of creating exams.

These materials can also help teachers create assignments and project ideas for

students. Teachers are required to use several different methods for assess their

students in order to provide the most accurate assessments. Instructional materials

often provide innovative and creative ways to assess students performance. It is hard to

imagine any teacher who is capable of teaching effectively without the accompaniment

of instructional materials. (http://employment.blurtit.com/2247194/what-are-the-

importance-of-instructional-materials-in-teaching)