lee (wzl59) HW07 meth (53980) 1

This print-out should have 20 questions. Consequently,

Multiple-choice questions may continue on
the next column or page find all choices 3 3
f (x) = .
before answering. x2 x+4

001 10.0 points 002 10.0 points

Rewrite the expression In the partial fraction decomposition of the
18 expression
f (x) =
x2 + 2x 8 5x + 14
f (x) =
using partial fractions. x2+ 5x + 6

4 2 find the term having denominator x + 2.

1. f (x) = +
x2 x+4 4
1. correct
3 3 x+2
2. f (x) = correct
x2 x+4 3
2.
4 2 x+2
3. f (x) =
x2 x+4 2
3.
3 3 x+2
4. f (x) = +
x2 x+4
4. None of these
5. None of these
4
Explanation: 5.
x+2
Since
Explanation:
2 Since
x + 2x 8 = (x 2)(x + 4),

we have to choose A, B so that x2 + 5x + 6 = (x + 3)(x + 2) ,

18 A B we must choose A and B so that

= +
x2 + 2x 8 x2 x+4
5x + 14 A B
A(x + 4) + B(x 2) = + .
= . x2+ 5x + 6 x+3 x+2
(x 2)(x + 4)
Multiplying through by the least common de-
Equating numerators we thus see that nominator, we thus see that

18 = A(x + 4) + B(x 2) 5x + 14 = A(x + 2) + B(x + 3)

= x(A + B) + (4A 2B) . = x(A + B) + (2A + 3B) .

Hence Equating coefficients gives

A + B = 0, 4A 2B = 18 , A + B = 5, 2A + 3B = 14 ,

in which case in which case

A = 3, B = 3 . A = 1, B = 4.
 lee (wzl59) HW07 meth (53980) 2
Consequently Consequently,

1 4 8 1 8
f (x) = + . f (x) = + 2+ .
x+3 x+2 9x 3x 9(x 3)

003 10.0 points 004 10.0 points

Rewrite the expression
Rewrite the expression
18x
f (x) =
3x 1 (x 1) (x2 + x + 1)
f (x) =
x2 (x 3) using partial fractions.
using partial fractions. 6 6 + 6x
1. f (x) = 2
1 8 x1 x +x+1
1. f (x) = 2
+
x x3 12 12 6x
2. f (x) = + 2
1 8 x1 x +x+1
2. f (x) =
x2 x 3 6 12x + 18
3. f (x) = + 2
8 1 8 x1 x +x+1
3. f (x) = 2+
x 3x 9(x 3) 12 12 6x
4. f (x) = + 2
x1 x +x+1
8 1 8
4. f (x) = + 2+ correct 6 6 6x
9x 3x 9(x 3) 5. f (x) = + 2 correct
x1 x +x+1
1 8 8
5. f (x) = 2 6 12x + 18
3x 9x 9(x 3) 6. f (x) = + 2
x1 x +x+1
Explanation:
We have to find A, B, and C so that Explanation:
We have to find A, B and C so that
3x 1 A B C 18x A Bx+C
= + 2+ = + 2 .
x2 (x 3) x x x3 2
(x 1) (x + x + 1) x1 x +x+1
Ax(x 3) + B(x 3) + Cx2 After bringing the right hand side to a com-
= .
x2 (x 3) mon denominator and equating numerators,
we thus see that
Thus
18x = A(x2 + x + 1) + (Bx + C)(x 1)
3x 1 = Ax(x 3) + B(x 3) + Cx2 .
= A(x2 + x + 1)
Now
1 + (Bx2 + Cx Bx C)
x = 0 = B = ,
3
= (A + B)x2 + (A + C B)x
while
8 + (A C) .
x = 3 = C = .
9
Now equate coefficients:
But then on comparing coefficients of x2 we
see that A+B = 0, (1)
8 A + C B = 18 , (2)
A+C = 0 = A = . A C = 0. (3)
9
 lee (wzl59) HW07 meth (53980) 3
Adding all the three equations, we get: Thus
3A = 18 i .e., A = 6 . 2x + 5
f (x) = x + 1 .
x2 x2
Then, from (3) it follows that
On the other hand,
C = A = 6,
and, finally, from (1), x2 x 2 = (x 2)(x + 1) ,

B = A = 6 . so we look for B and C satisfying

Consequently, 2x + 5 B C
= + .
x2x2 x2 x+1
6 6 6x
f (x) = + 2 .
x1 x +x+1 Multiplying through by (x 2)(x + 1) gives

005 10.0 points 2x 5 = B(x + 1) + C(x 2) .

In the partial fractions decomposition of
so after substituting x = 2 and x = 1, we
the expression
see that
x3 5x 7
f (x) = , B = 3 , C = 1.
x2 x 2
find the term having denominator x 2. Consequently, f (x) has partial fraction de-
composition
1
1.
x2 3 1
f (x) = x + 1 + .
3 x2 x+1
2.
x2
3
3. correct keywords: partial fractions
x2
1 006 10.0 points
4.
x2
2 Rewrite the expression
5.
x2 2x2 + 8
f (x) =
2 x2 + 3x + 2
6.
x2
in terms of partial fractions.
Explanation:
As f (x) = P (x)/Q(x) with degP degQ, 10 16
1. f (x) = 2 + correct
we begin with long division: x+1 x+2
x +1 10 16
2. f (x) = 4 + +
x+1 x+2
x2 x 2 x3 +0x2 5x 7
x3 x2 2x 10 16
3. f (x) = 4 +
x2 3x 7 x+1 x+2
x2 x 2 16 10
2x 5 4. f (x) = 2 +
x+1 x+2
 lee (wzl59) HW07 meth (53980) 4

10 16 1. I = y 2 ln |y 2| + C
5. f (x) = 2 +
x+1 x+2
y 2
Explanation: 2. I = ln 

+C

To rewrite f (x) in terms of partial fractions y
we first have to reduce the degree of the nu- y 2
merator because its degree is at least as great 3. I = 2 ln  +C
 
as that of the denominator. This can be done y
either by inspection or by long division on
4. I = y + ln |y 2| + C
2x2 +8
x2 + 3x + 2 5. I = y + 2 ln |y 2| + C correct
(or synthetic division if thats what you were  y 
taught in high school): 6. I = 2 ln  +C
 
y2
2
Explanation:
x2 + 3x + 2 2x2 + 0x + 7 After division,
2x2 6x 4
y (y 2) + 2 2
6x + 4 = = 1+ .
y2 y2 y2
Thus
In this case
6x 4
f (x) = 2 2 2 
Z 
x + 3x + 2 I = 1+ dy .
y2
6x 4
= 2 .
(x + 1)(x + 2) Consequently,

Now, by partial fractions,

I = y + 2 ln |y 2| + C
6x 4 A B
= +
(x + 1)(x + 2) x+1 x+2 with C an arbitrary constant.
where
008 10.0 points
6x 4 = A(x + 2) + B(x + 1).
Determine the integral
Setting first x = 2 and then x = 1 we see Z
dx
that I = .
A = 10, B = 16 . (x 1)(x + 3)

Consequently, 1
1. I = ln (|(x 1)(x + 3)|) + C
2
10 16
f (x) = 2 + .  
x+1 x+2 1 x + 3
2. I = ln   +C
4 x1
007 10.0 points
3. I = ln (|(x 1)(x + 3)|) + C
Determine the integral
 
y 1 2x + 2
Z
I = dy . 4. I = ln   +C
 
y2 2 (x 1)(x + 3)
 lee (wzl59) HW07 meth (53980) 5

   
1 x 1 4
5. I = ln   + C correct 5. I = ln
4 x+3 3

Explanation: 6. I = ln (3)
By partial fractions,
Explanation:
1 A B By partial fractions,
= + ,
(x 1)(x + 3) x1 x+3 3 1 1
= .
in which case x2 x2 x2 x+1
Thus
1 = A(x + 3) + B(x 1) .
1 1
1 1
Z Z
To determine A, set x = 1. Then I = dx dx .
0 x2 0 x+1
1 But
A = .
4 Z 1
1 h i1
dx = ln (|x 2|) ,
On the other hand, to determine B, set x = 0 x2 0
3. Then
1 while
B = . 1
4 1
Z h i1
dx = ln (|x + 1|) .
Thus 0 x+1 0

1 1 1 1
Z Z
Consequently,
I = dx dx .
4 x1 4 x+3
x 2 1
    
1
Consequently, I = ln   = ln .
x+1 
0 4
 
1 x 1
I = ln   +C 010 10.0 points
4 x+3
Evaluate the integral
with C an arbitrary constant. Z 2
4x 7
I = 2
dx .
009 10.0 points 1 x x 6

Evaluate the definite integral 1. I = 4 ln (4)

1
3
Z
I = dx . 2. I = 4 ln (5)
0 x2 x2

1. I = ln (4) 3. I = 2 ln (5)
 
1 4. I = 2 ln (4) correct
2. I = ln correct
4
 
3 5. I = 2 ln (4)
3. I = ln
4
  6. I = 4 ln (5)
1
4. I = ln
3 Explanation:
 lee (wzl59) HW07 meth (53980) 6
After factorization To determine A, B, and C multiply through
by x3 + 4x: for then
x2 x 6 = (x + 2)(x 3) .
2 = A(x2 + 4) + x(Bx + C)
But then by partial fractions,
= (A + B)x2 + Cx + 4A ,
4x 7 3 1
= + . which after comparing coefficients gives
x2 x6 x+2 x3
Now 1
A = B , C = 0, A = .
Z 2 2
3 h i2
dx = 3 ln (|x + 2|) = 3 ln (4) , Thus
1 x+2 1
2
1 1 x 
Z
while I = dx
2 1 x x2 + 4
Z 2
1 h i2
1h 1 i2
dx = ln (|x 3|) = ln (4) . = 2
ln(x) ln(x + 4)
1 x3 1 2 2 1

Consequently, 1 h  x2  i2
= ln 2 .
4 x +4 1
I = 2 ln (4) . Consequently,

1 5
011 10.0 points I = ln .
4 2
Evaluate the integral
2
012 10.0 points
2
Z
I = 3
dx .
1 x + 4x
Evaluate the integral
1 5 Z 1
x
1. I = ln I = dx .
2 2 2
0 (x + 1)(x + 1)
1  5
2. I = ln
8 2 1 
1. I = ln(2)
1 8 2 2
3. I = ln
4 5 1 
2. I = ln(8)
1 8 2 2
4. I = ln
8 5 1 
3. I = ln(2) +
1 5 2 2
5. I = ln correct
4 2 1 
4. I = ln(2) +
1 8 4 2
6. I = ln
2 5 1 
5. I = ln(8)
4 2
Explanation:
By partial fractions, 1 
6. I = ln(2) correct
4 2
2 A Bx + C
= + 2 . Explanation:
x3 + 4x x x +4
 lee (wzl59) HW07 meth (53980) 7
By partial fractions,
 (x + 1)4 
 
x A Bx + C 2. I = 3x ln 
 +C
= + 2 . (x 2)3 
2
(x + 1)(x + 1) x+1 x +1
3. I = 3x + ln (x 1)4 (x + 2)3  + C
 
To determine A, B, and C multiply through
by (x + 1)(x2 + 1): for then  (x 1)4 
 
4. I = 3x + ln 
  + C correct
(x + 2)3 
x = A(x2 + 1) + (x + 1)(Bx + C)
5. I = 3x ln (x + 1)4 (x 2)3  + C
 
= (A + B)x2 + (B + C)x + (A + C) ,
 (x + 1)4 
 
which after comparing coefficients gives
6. I = 3x + ln 
 +C
(x 2)3 
1
A = B , A = C , B = .
2 Explanation:
By division,
Thus
1
3x2 + 4x + 5
1 1 x+1 
Z 
I = + dx x2 + x 2
2 0 x + 1 x2 + 1
3(x2 + x 2) + x + 11
1
Z 1
1
Z 1
x =
= dx + dx x2 + x 2
2 2
0 x+1 0 x +1 x + 11
Z 1 = 3+ .
1  x2+x2
+ 2
dx ,
0 x +1 But by partial fractions,
and so x + 11 4 3
= .
x2+x2 x1 x+2
1h 1
I = ln(x + 1) + ln(x2 + 1) Thus
2 2
Z  
i1 4 3
+ tan (x)
1 I = 3+ dx .
0 x1 x+2
(x + 1)2
 
1h i1 Now
= ln + 2 tan1
(x) .
4 x2 + 1 0
Z
4
dx = 4 ln |x 1| + C1 ,
Consequently, x1
while
1 
3
Z
I = ln(2) .
4 2 dx = 3 ln |x + 2| + C2 .
x+2

013 10.0 points Consequently,

 (x 1)4 
 
Determine the integral
I = 3x + ln 
 +C .
(x + 2)3 
3x2 + 4x + 5
Z
I = dx .
x2 + x 2
keywords: division, partial
 (x 1)4 
 
1. I = 3x ln  +C
(x + 2)3  014 10.0 points
 lee (wzl59) HW07 meth (53980) 8
Evaluate the definite integral Consequently,
Z 4
x  
I = dx . 5
1 x9 I = 2 3 ln .
2
1. I = 2 3 ln (5)
015 10.0 points
2. I = 1 3 ln (5) Evaluate the definite integral
  ln 2
5 4
Z
3. I = 2 3 ln correct I = dx .
2 0 ex +3
 
5
4. I = 3 ln 2
2 1. I = 4 ln 2

5. I = 3 ln (5) 1 4
2. I = ln 2
  3
5
6. I = 3 ln 1 3
2 3. I = ln 2
4
Explanation:

Set u = x. Then 3 8
4. I = ln
4 5
u2 = x, dx = 2u du .
8
In this case 5. I = 4 ln
5
Z 2 Z 2
u(2u) 2u2 4 8
I = 2
du = 2
du . 6. I = ln correct
1 u 9 1 u 9 3 5
The partial fraction decomposition is needed.
Explanation:
First we divide:
Set u = ex + 3. Then
u2 u2 9 + 9
=
u2 9 u2 9 du = ex dx = (u 3) dx,
9 9
= 1+ = 1 + . while
u2 9 (u 3)(u + 3)
But x = 0 = u = 4,
x = ln 2 = u = 5.
 
1 1 1 1
= .
(u 3)(u + 3) 6 u3 u+3
In this case,
Thus
5
4
Z
2  
3 3
Z
I = 2+ du I = du .
u3 u+3 4 u(u 3)
1
  i
h
u 3 2 To evaluate this last integral we need to use
= 2u + 3 ln  partial fractions: for then
u+3

1
    
1 1 1 1 1 1
= 2 + 3 ln ln . = .
5 2 u(u 3) 3 u3 u
 lee (wzl59) HW07 meth (53980) 9
Thus (axes not drawn to scale). To express the area
4
Zn 15
1o  as a definite integral we need to find where
I= du the graphs intersect, i.e. when
3 4 u3 u
4h i5
9
= ln |u 3| ln |u| = 1.
3 4 25 x2
   5
4 u 3
= ln   . Thus the graphs intersect when x = 4.
3 u  4
Hence
Consequently,
4
4 2 1 4 8
Z
I = ln ln = ln . Area = (g(x) f (x)) dx
3 5 4 3 5 4
4
9 
Z
016 10.0 points

= 2 1 dx
Find the bounded area enclosed by the 0 25 x2
graphs of f and g when
9 since both f and g are even functions. To
f (x) = , g(x) = 1. evaluate this integral we must first use partial
25 x2
fractions:
 9 
1. Area = 4 ln 9 sq.units
5 9 9
=
 9  25 x2 (5 x)(5 + x)
2. Area = 8 ln 9 sq.units correct
5 9 1 1 
= + .
 9 9 10 5 x 5 + x
3. Area = 8 + ln sq.units
5 2
Thus the area is given by the integral
 9 9
4. Area = 4 ln sq.units
10 2 4
9 1 1 o
Z n
 9  2 1 + dx
5. Area = 4 + ln 9 sq.units 0 10 5 x 5 + x
10 h 9  5 + x  i4
Explanation: = 2 x ln   .
 
The graph of f is an even function opening 10 5x 0
upwards, while the graph of g is a horizontal
straight line. Thus the required area is similar Consequently,
to the shaded region in the figure below
 9 
Area = 8 ln 9 sq.units .
5
graph of g
1
017 10.0 points

At a branch of UT there are approximately

38000 students. A flu epidemic is spreading
among these students at a rate proportional to
graph of f the product of the number of infected students
and the number of students who have not been
4 4 infected.
 lee (wzl59) HW07 meth (53980) 10
Initially 5000 students were infected, and Consequently,
10 days later 9000 were infected. What per-
1
Z
centage of the student body was infected after
dN
20 days? N (38 N )
(Hint: to simplify the algebra, let N (t) be
1 1 1 1
Z Z
the number of infected students (in multiples = dN + dN
of 1000).) 38 N 38 38 N

1  N
1. 38.86 % correct = ln .
38 38 N

2. 16.4 % Thus
N
3. 17.31 % = Ae38kt ,
38 N

4. 92.04 % so the general solution of () is given by

38A
N (t) =
5. 47.64 % A + e38kt

Explanation: where A is an arbitrary constant.

The product of the number infected and The data
the number not infected is N (38 N ), so the
model says that () N (0) = 5, N (10) = 9
dN determine the values of A and k. Indeed, from
= kN (38 N )
dt the first equation in () it follows that
where k is a constant. After separating vari-
ables and integrating this becomes 5
38A = 5(A + 1), i .e., A = ,
33
1
Z Z
dN = k dt = kt + C so
N (38 N )
190
with C an arbitrary constant. To integrate N (t) = .
5 + 33e38kt
the left hand side set
1 A1 A2 On the other hand, to determine k we use the
= + . second equation in (), for then it follows that
N (38 N ) N 38 N

But then 190

9 = ,
5 + 33e380k
1 A1 (38 N ) + A2 N
= ,
N (38 N ) N (38 N ) i.e.,
so
1 n 5(29) o
38k = ln = 0.0716998.
1 = A1 (38 N ) + A2 N = 38A1 + (A2 A1 )N. 10 (33)(9)

Thus Hence

1 1 190
A1 = , A2 = . N (t) = .
38 38 5 + 33e0.0716998t
 lee (wzl59) HW07 meth (53980) 11
The percentage of the student body infected since both f and g are even functions. To
after 20 days is thus given by evaluate this integral we must first use partial
100N (20) fractions:
38
5 5
500 2
=
= % = 38.86 %. 9x (3 x)(3 + x)
5 + 33e1.434
5 1 1 
018 10.0 points = + .
6 3x 3+x
The bounded region enclosed by the graphs
of Thus the integral becomes
5
f (x) = , g(x) = 1 ,
9 x2 2
5 1 1 o
Z n
is the one shaded in 2 1 + dx
0 6 3x 3+x
graph of g h 5  3 + x  i2
1 = 2 x ln   .
6 3x 0

Consequently,

5
area = 4 ln 5 .
graph of f 3

2 2
019 10.0 points
Find the area of this region.
5 Find the unique function y satisfying the
1. area = 4 ln 5 correct equations
3
5
2. area = 2 + ln 5 dy 2
6 = , y(5) = 0.
dx (x 4)(9 x)
5
3. area = 2 ln 4
6    
9 x
5 1. y = 2 ln   ln(4)
4. area = 4 + ln 4 x4
6  
2  
5 9 x
5. area = 2 ln 5 2. y = ln   ln(4)
3 5 x4
5
   
6. area = 4 + ln 4 x 4
3. y = 2 ln   + ln(4)
3 9x
Explanation:    
The area of the shaded region is given by 2 x 4
4. y = ln   + ln(4) correct
the definite integral 5 9x
Z 2
   
(g(x) f (x)) dx 1 x 4
5. y = ln   + ln(4)
2
5 9x
2
5 
Z 
= 2 1 dx
0 9 x2 Explanation:
 lee (wzl59) HW07 meth (53980) 12
We first find A, B so that
2. I = 2 4 ln 2
2 A B
= +
(x 4)(9 x) x4 9x
3. I = 3 + 5 ln 2
by bringing the right hand side to a common
denominator. In this case, 4. I = 3 5 ln 2
2 A(9 x) + B(x 4)
= ,
(x 4)(9 x) (x 4)(9 x) 5. I = 2 + 4 ln 2

and so
6. I = 2 5 ln 2 correct
A(9 x) + B(x 4) = 2.
Explanation:
To find the values of A, B particular choices of By division,
2
x are made When x = 4, for instance, A = , 2x2 3x + 4
5
2 x2 x 2
while when x = 9, B = . Thus
5
2(x2 x 2) x + 8
dy 2 1 1  =
= + . x2 x 2
dx 5 x4 9x x8
= 2 .
Hence after integration, x2 x2
2 But by partial fractions,
y = (ln (|x 4|) ln (|9 x|)) + C
5 x8 3 2
2
  = .
x 4 x2 x 2 x+1 x2
= ln   +C
5 9x
Thus
with C an arbitrary constant. But 1  
3 2
Z
I = 2 + dx .
2 1 0 x+1 x2
y(5) = 0 = C = ln ,
5 4
Now
i.e.,
2 1
3
Z h i1
C = ln(4). dx = 3 ln |x + 1| ,
5 0 x+1 0
Consequently,
while
   
2 x 4 Z 1
2 i1
y = ln   + ln(4) .
h
5 9x dx = 2 ln |x 2| .
0 x2 0

020 10.0 points Consequently,

Evaluate the definite integral 

 (x + 1)3  1
 
I = 2x ln 
  = 2 5 ln 2 .
Z 1
2x2 3x + 4 (x 2)2  0
I = dx .
0 x2 x 2

1. I = 3 + 4 ln 2