Parvovirus Polyomavirus Papilloma Adenovirus Herpesvirus Baculovirus Poxvirus

-Lt. parvus (small) Gk. Poly (many and oma Lt. papilla (nipple) Gk. Adenos (gland) Gk. Herpein (creep) Lt. baculum (stick) English pocks (pox)
Family
(tumor) Gk. oma (tumor) Site of first isolation Spread of lesions Shape Blistering skin lesions
Warts (papilloma)
Naked Icosahedral capsid Naked icosahedral capsid Naked icosahedral capsid Naked icosahedral capsid Enveloped icosahedral Enveloped rod-shaped Complex, ovoid- or brick
(T=1) (T=7) (T=7) (T=25) capsid (T=16) nucleocapsid shaped particles, 310 x 240
28nm 45nm 55nm 70-90nm 125nm, 200nm (env) Diameter of nucleocapsid x 140 nm
Formed from 72 2 capsomers, pentamers of Knobbed fibers protruding Capsid contains 6 proteins, 30-60 nm, length 300 nm Surface ridges or tubules
capsomers, pentamers of L1 from each of 12 vertices envelope contains at least Material between the No typical symmetry
Virion

VP1 11 proteins in virion 10 glycoproteins capsid and the envelope is elements

Linear, ssDNA, 5kb
Self-complementary hairpin
Genome
Material between capsid called tegument Internal core and lateral
and envelope called the Two types of virion are bodies
tegument, contains at made: budded and Virions exist in two
least 14 viral proteins occlusion-derived virions infectious forms:
Mature Virus (MV),
Extracellular virus (EV)
Circular dsDNA, 5.3kb Circular dsDNA, 8kb Linear, dsDNA, 30-36 kb Linear, dsDNA 125-250 kb Circular, dsDNA 80-180 kb Linear, dsDNA, 150-250 kb
DNA packaged as DNA packaged as Short, inverted terminal Contains unique regions, Arranged in virions as a (vaccinia virus: 200kb)

structure at genome minichromosome with minichromosome with repeat sequence inverted repeat elements, cylindrical core Covalently closed hairpin
termini nucleosomes formed from nucleosomes formed from Both 5 ends covalently and terminal direct repeat Condensed with a small ends: no free 3 and 5 ends
cellular histones cellular histones bound to a virus-coded sequences basic virus-coded protein 10kb inverted terminal
terminal protein repeats
1-3 transcriptional -Two transcription units: -Two transcriptional Codes for up to 50 proteins HSV type 1 : 90 different Autographa californica 150-250 genes (vaccinia
promoters on same DNA early and late promoters and two Most regions of both DNA transcriptional units MNPV codes for over 150 virus: 200)
strand. Transcribed by cell -Divergent transcription polyadenylation signals strands are transcribed by Transcribed by cellular RNA proteins Each gene has its own
RNA polymerase II from a central control (early and late) on the same cellular RNA polymerase II polymerase II Most mRNAs are unspliced transcriptional promoter
Splicing generates up to six region containing origin of DNA strand Six early and two delayed Most mRNAs are unspliced Genes are expressed in four No spliced mRNAs (no
different mRNAs DNA replication -Splicing generates 10 or early transcription units: Most transcriptional units temporal classes: introns)
2-4 relication (Rep) or -Differential splicing more different mRNAs E1A, E1B, E2A, E2B, E3, E4; encode only one protein o Immediate Genes are distributed on
Genes and Proteins

nonstructural (NS) proteins: produces 3-4 mRNAs from -Early proteins E1-E7 Iva2, IX Genes are expressed in early: activation of early both DNA strands
DNA replication and each transcription unit stimulate cell proliferation One major late three temporal classes: genes Genes are expressed in
regulation -Early proteins (T antigens) and enable viral DNA transcription unit: five o Alpha o Early: DNA three temporal classes with
1-3 capsid (Cap) proteins: regulate cell cycle and replication subclasses of late mRNAs, o Beta replication, activation of distinct functions
formation of virion direct DNA replication -Late proteins L1 and L2 L1 through L5 o Gamma late genes (viral RNA - Early,
-Late proteins (VP1,2,3) form capsid Each transcription unit gives polymerases) Intermediate.
make virus capsid rise to multiple mRNAs by o Late: Assembly Late
RNA splicing of budded virions (capsid
Two small VA RNAs and envelope proteins)
transcribed by RNA o Very late:
polymerase III assembly of occluded
virions (polyhedrin)
 Autonomous parvoviruses:
minute virus of mice, canine
and feline parvoviruses
Dependoviruses: adeno-
associated viruses (human,
Viruses and Hosts
bovine, canine)
Erythroviruses: B19
(humans)
Densoviruses: infect insects
Humans: B19 causes
erythema infectiosum
(rash/fever), aplastic crisis
in anemia
Leukopenia and enteritis in
dogs, cats, mink
Diseases
Dependovirus infection has
not been associated with
disease
-Strong dependency on cell
cycle
-Autonomous parvoviruses
replicate only in S-phase
cells
-Dependoviruses require a
Distinctive Characteristics
helper virus to replicate
-DNA must become double-
stranded before being
transcribed
-Site-specific integration
into host genome (adeno
associated virus)
-Selectively replicate in and
kill tumor cells
- Used as vectors for gene
transfer into human cells
Mouse polyomavirus; Over 100 known human 50 human serotypes in six Three subfamilies: alpha, Four genera Two subfamilies
simian virus 40; papillomaviruses subgroups (A through F) beta and //Alphabaculovirus: Chordopoxviriniae
polyomaviruses infecting Other hosts: cattle dogs, Other adenoviruses in gammaherpesvirus infect lepidopterans (moths - Infect vertebrates
birds, rodents, cattle; and deer,rabbits, monkeys etc., cattle, mice birds etc., Nine human herpesviruses, and butterflies), enclose - Humans. Variola
five human viruses BK, JC, including HSV, Varicella- virions in polyhedra Vaccinia (vaccine strain),
WI and MC viruses Zoster virus, EBV, //Betabaculovirus: Molluscum contagiosum
cytomegalovirus infect lepidoterans, enclose - Viruses that infect a
Over 100 known virions in granules variety of birds and
herpesviruses //Gammabaculovirus: mammals
infect hymenopterans - Monkeys, cattle etc.
(sawflies, wasps, bees and Entomopoxvirinae
ants) - Infect insects
//Deltabaculovirus: Beetles, Butterflies and
infect dipterans (flies, Bees
mosquitoes)
-Usually persistent, Benign warts at specific Respiratory syndromes Chickenpox, Important pathogens of Smallpox: high fatality rate,
nonsymptomatic infections sites (Skin, mucosa, larynx) including pneumonia but mononucleosis, commericial silkworms and now eradicated
-Progressive multifocal depending on virus strain not, common colds pneumonia, hepatitis, larvae of butterflies, moths Molluscum contagiosum:
leukoencephalopathy -transmitted by direct Eye and GI infections encephalitis and other insects the only existing natural
(PML) contact Recurrent eye, mouth and poxvirus infection of
o Rare -Some types cause cervical genital lesions humans; relatively rare but
demyelinating disease carcinoma, an STD and Kaposis sarcoma, Burkitts more common in
caused by human poliovirus major cause of cancer in lympho,a. nasopharyngeal immunocompromised
JC women carcinoma patients
-May cause other ano- Life threatening infections Monkeypox, cowpox,
genital cancers in both men in immune-suppressed tanapox are animal
and women and cancers of individuals poxviruses that occasionally
the oral cavity, oropharynx Neonatal infections, birth infect humans
and tonsil defects
-Polyomaviruses are -Generally difficult to grow Multiple mRNAs arise by Tegument proteins function Occlusion bodies contain Unusually large and
dependent on cellular in vitro: require specialized extensive alternative in early steps of virus virions in a form that allows complex virus
enzymes for RNA synthesis raft cultures of epithelial splicing replication: activation of insect-to-insect Virus encoded enzymes for
and processing, and DNA cells Late transcripts are made transcription and host transmission transcription and RNA
replication -Replication pattern follows from a single strong shutoff Used as biological processing are packaged in
-T antigens interact with differentiation of epithelial promoter and five Virion formation begins by insecticides the virion core
multiple signaling pathways cells in skin or mucosa alternative polyadenylation budding of nucleocapsids Widely used for high-level Early RNAs are made in the
and activate the cell cycle to -Early proteins E6 and E7 signals through the inner nuclear expression of foreign intact core and extruded
facilitate viral DNA can transform cells in vitro, DNA synthesis is primed by membrane proteins including vaccine into the cytoplasm
replication are expressed in cervical terminal protein, uses viral Many viral genes counter production DNA genome replicates in
-T antigens are oncogenes carcinomas DNA polymerase host defenses against virus Currently being the cytoplasm using
that can transform Can cause tumors in infection investigated as gene exclusively virus-coded
nonpermissive cells in vitro experimental animals but Most herpesviruses therapy vectors enzymes
-Polyomaviruses are are not known to cause become latent in the body Internal envelope is not
tumorigenic in animals tumors in humans and can be reactivated formed by budding but is
when administered at high Adenoviruses are widely months or years after assembled de novo
concentrations, but rarely used as gene therapy and primary infection
cause tumors in nature anticancer virus vectors