Specific Purpose: <I will inform my audience about the fundamentals of filmmaking.>.

Central Idea: <A few basic techniques can be used to transform even the most
inexperienced video-takers videos. The fundamentals of
filmmaking are preproduction, composing shots correctly, and
editing.>

INTRODUCTION

I. (Attention Getter) <Have you ever wanted to improve the quality of the videos you
take?>.

I. (Reveal Topic) <Today I will tell you about the fundamentals of filmmaking.>.

I. (Credibility Statement) <I am pursuing a career in filmmaking. I have made several

short films and taken many production classes.>.

I. (Relevancy Statement) <Please raise your hand if you have ever taken a video. Now,
keep your hand up if you have ever edited or shared that video. Great. You can put your
hands down now. The basic fundamentals of filmmaking can enhance the quality of your
videos.>.

I. (Preview) <A few basic techniques can be used to transform even the most
inexperienced video-takers videos. The fundamentals of filmmaking are preproduction,
composing shots correctly, and editing.>.

TRANSITION: <Lets start with preproduction.>.

BODY

I. (MAIN POINT 1) <The first essential is preproduction.>.

INTERNAL PREVIEW: <It allows the cast and crew to be on the same page and
operate as a well-oiled machine.>

A. (SUBPOINT) <Preproduction is an important part of the filmmaking process.>.

(SUB-SUBPOINT) <It is what comes before the production itself.>.

(Sub-sub-subpoint) <Before you can pick up a camera and begin

shooting, you need to have a plan.>.

(SSSP) <If you were to skip preproduction, the final product would
turn out to be disorganized and hard to follow.>.

2. (SSP) <Preproduction is also important so that the crew is all one the
 same page.>.

a. (SSSP) <On a production set, a script is delivered to all crew

members and talent before any cameras start rolling.>.

aa. (SSSSP) <The script tells the crew which cameras to use and
when.>

bb. (SSSSP) <It also tells who will be speaking and when,
amongst other things depending on the production.>

b. (SSSP) <A crew must be a well-oiled machine during a

production.>.

B. (SP) <Preproduction also consists of writing and rehearsing.>.

1. (SSP) <Depending on the production, questions must be drafted or a

storyboard should be completed.>.

(SSSP) <For productions composed of interviews, concise

questions for the interviewee must be developed and reviewed prior to the interview.>.

(SSSP) <For larger-scale or story-driven productions, a storyboard

must be completed.>.

i. (SSSSP) <A storyboard is a complete layout of which shots will

be needed, what order they will go in, and a brief description of
what is happening.

ii. (SSSSP) <Come shoot time, the cast and crew know exactly
what will be happening and when.

2. (SSP) <Rehearsing is also an important part of preproduction.>.

a. (SSSP) <If talent have a script, they need to run through it

several times.>.

b. (SSSP) <It is also important for the crew to practice getting

any tough shots.>.

INTERNAL SUMMARY: <Preproduction lays the groundwork for production. Nothing

can be done without planning first. If preproduction is done thoroughly and successfully,
it will allow the production to run much smoother.>.

TRANSITION: <Next, lets look at the production itself.>.

II. (MP 2) Fundamental film techniques can be employed to enhance the quality of a
videos composition.>.

INTERNAL PREVIEW: <Rule of thirds, locking a shot, and three point lighting can make
or break a shot.>

A. (SUBPOINT) <The rule of thirds is a necessary technique of informative-

driven media.>.

1. (SUB-SUBPOINT) <This is the rule that governs where the subject of

the shot should be placed.>.

a. (SSSP) <It allows the viewer to know exactly where they

should be looking.>.

b. (SSSP) <It helps the viewer feel included in the

conversation.>.

2. (SSP) <The subject should be in one third of the frame.>.

a. (SSSP) <If they are in the left third, they should be looking
towards the right, and vice versa.>.

b. (SSSP) <It also allows for proper headroom and nose room.
>.

ii. (SSSSP) <In the Portrait Photography Workshops 2016 book, in

an article about the Rule of Thirds, it is stated that the filmmaker
should, visualise the image area split by two horizontal and two
vertical lines equal distance apart. Where the lines intersect is
generally regarded as the strongest position in which to place the
main point of interest.

3. (SSP) <Headroom is another important compositional aspect.>

a. (SSSP) <Head room is the space between the top of the

persons head and the top of the frame.

b. (SSSP) <There needs to be enough empty space in the direction

that the subject is looking, or nose room, in any shot.

B. (SP) <Locking the shot is a fundamental film technique that can enhance the
quality of video.>.
 1. (SSP) <If the exposure of a shot is changing while shooting takes place,
it can be distracting for the viewer.>.

a. (SSSP) <Exposure, the balance between light and dark, must

remain constant. >.

b. (SSSP) <The balance between light and dark must be

adequately balanced.>.

i. (SSSSP) <The subject should not be overly backlit.>

ii. (SSSSP) <The best light is often with the sun or source of light
shining directly on the subjects face.>

2. (SSP) <Locking the shot is very easy.>.

a. (SSSP) <On a smartphone, press and hold the point of focus

until the phone indicates that the exposure is locked. >.

b. (SSSP) <On a DSLR camera, set the focus to MF, manual

focus, and use the focus rings and ISO settings to adjust the focus
and brightness.>.

i. (SSSSP) <In a video by YouTube creator and filmmaker Jon

Acosta, it is stated that DSLR ISO speeds should never be set
above 800. Jons sweet spot is 650.

C. (SUBPOINT) <The fundamental film technique, three point lighting, can

enhance the quality of a video.>.

1. (SSP) <The first light is a key light.>.

a. (SSSP) <This is the main source of light that is used for the
subject.>.

b. (SSSP) <It should be turned to a higher setting than the other

lights.>.

2. (SSP) <The second light is the fill light.>.

a. (SSSP) <The fill light is meant to provide supplementary

lighting for the subject.>.

b. (SSSP) <It is positioned on the opposite side of the subject

as the key light to hide its shadows.>.
 3. (SSP) <The third light is the backlight.>

a. This separates the subject from the background.

b. Without it, detail of the subject is lost.

INTERNAL SUMMARY: <Many components are important during the production stage
itself. The rule of thirds tells how to effectively place the subject in the frame in order to
engage the audience. The subject should always be in one-third of the frame, looking
towards empty space. This empty space is called nose room. Having the perfect
amount of nose room is what makes the audience feel engaged and included. It is also
essential to lock the shot in order to keep the audience engaged. On smartphones,
press and hold the desired area of focus, and on DSLRs, use manual focus, not
automatic! Three point lighting includes the main key light, the secondary fill light which
covers key shadows, and the backlight to separate the subject form the background.>.

TRANSITION: <Finally, lets look at postproduction.>.

III. (MP 3) <Postproduction is the final fundamental of filmmaking.>.

INTERNAL PREVIEW: <Editing and sharing the film are important elements of
filmmaking.>

A. (SUBPOINT) <The final product starts to take place during the editing
stage.>.

1. (SUB-SUBPOINT) <After a film is shot, it is taken into editing software

to be linked into one cohesive, meaningful project.>.

a. (SSSP) <iMovie is a popular editing software that comes with

every Mac computer.>.

i. (SSSSP) <It has access to many advanced features while still

being easy to use.>

ii. (SSSSP) <A step up from iMovie is Final Cut Pro, which is more
expensive and advanced.

b. (SSSP) <For PC users, Windows Movie Maker is the go-to

free software.>.

i. (SSSSP) <It is not quite as advanced as iMovie, so many people

interested in video opt to purchase Adobe Premier Pro.
 ii. (SSSSP) <Like Final Cut Pro, it is more expensive, but more
advanced.

2. (SSP) <High-quality software can be used to enhance video equality.>.

a. (SSSP) <It is a worthwhile investment for anyone who is

seriously interested in video creation.>.

b. (SSSP) <While it is nice to have expensive software, great

content can be made with the most basic resources.>.

B. (SP) <Sharing is an integral part of postproduction.>.

1. (SSP) <During the final stages of editing, it is a good idea to ask friends
and family to give feedback.>.

a. (SSSP) <A fresh set of eyes might catch small errors that
have been missed.>.

b. (SSSP) <They may also have ideas for improvement beyond

basic fundamental errors.>.

2. (SSP) <After a film has been edited, it should be shared and showed
off.>.

a. (SSSP) <In order to showcase the final product, it can be

posted to a variety of websites.>.

i. (SSSSP) <YouTube is the most accessible website for video.>

ii. (SSSSP) <Vimeo is a great place for higher-quality content from

independent filmmakers.>

b. (SSSP) <Films can also be entered in contests and festivals

to win prizes.>.

i. (SSSSP) <The wider the message of a film is spread, the more

effective the film becomes.>

ii. (SSSSP) <At festivals and contests, there are also ample
opportunities to collaborate with other creators.

INTERNAL SUMMARY: <Editing can be done on a Mac with iMovie or Final Cut Pro,
and on a PC with Windows Movie Maker or Adobe Premier Pro. Although expensive
 software is nice to have, it definitely is not required to make a film that has meaning.
The last stage of filmmaking is sharing the film with friends, at festivals, contests, and
conventions, as well as building the groundwork for future collaborations.>.

TRANSITION: <Employing basic techniques can transform the quality of your videos.>.

CONCLUSION

I. (Summary Statement) <The first fundamental of filmmaking that most people skip is
preproduction. It is essential to plan what to shoot and how to shoot it prior to bringing
out the camera. Skipping planning and storyboarding would result in a disorganized, in
coherent final product. During the production itself, appropriate composition rules and
techniques should be applied. In interview settings, the rule of thirds says that the
subject should be in one-third of the frame, looking toward empty space on the other
two thirds of the frame. The shot should also be locked so that the lighting isnt
changing. This can be done by pressing and holding an area of focus on a smartphone,
or by setting a DSLR to manual focus mode. A main key light should be on the subject,
a fill light should hide its shadows, and a backlight should be used to separate the
subject from the background. After the production itself, the film can be edited in iMovie,
Final Cut Pro, Windows Movie Maker, or Adobe Premier. Sharing the film online and in-
person is a great way to spread your message and network.>.

I. (Memorable Closing Statement) <Anybody can enhance the quality of the videos they
take on a daily basis using the fundamentals of filmmaking. It isnt about how nice and
expensive the equipment you use is, its about the skill and meaning behind the film.>.

Works Cited

"Rule-Of-Thirds in Portraits." Digital SLR Photography, 2016 Portrait Photography

Workshops, p.
22. EBSCOhost, mccproxy.lib.hawaii.edu:2048/login?
url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=f6h&AN=116942967&site=ehost-
live&scope=site.

Best ISO Setting for DSLR Video- DSLR for Beginners Quick Training Tip. Dir. Jon
Acosta.
YouTube. N.p., 3 Sept. 2014. Web. 12 Mar. 2017.