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A function f : A B is invertible if and only if it is a bijective. If y f ( x) x f y , is known
as x is equal to f inverse y.
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There are six inverse functions viz. sin x,cos1 x,tan 1 x,cos ec1x, sec1 x and cot 1 x.
The ranges of the inverse trigonometric functions are called principal values of the inverse function. The
principal value of sin 1 x , tan 1 x and cosec1x are the angles that lie between and and the principal value
2 2
of cos1 x , sec1 x and cot 1 x are the angles that lie between 0 and .
sin 1 x 1, 1
2 , 2
cos1 x 1, 1 0,
tan 1 x , or R
,
2 2
cosec 1x x 1 or x 1
2 , 2 0
sec1 x x 1 or x 1
0, 2
cot 1 x , or R 0,
If sin 1 x sin x , where 1 x 1 and
2 2
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For example, if sin 11 sin 1 sin sin
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2 2
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Remeshs Mathematics [2. INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS]
Property 1:
1. sin 1 sin x sin sin 1 x x
2. cos 1 cos x cos cos 1 x x
5. sec1 s ecx s ec s ec 1x x
Property 2:
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1. sin 1 x cos ec 1 , x 1
x
1
2. cos 1 x s ec 1 , x 1
x
1
3. tan 1 x cot 1 , x R
x
1
4. cos ec 1x sin 1 , x 1
x
1
5. sec 1 x cos 1 , x 1
x
1
6. cot 1 x tan 1 , x 0
x
1 1
tan , x 0
x
7. cot 1 x
tan 1 1 , x0
x
Property 3:
1. sin 1 x cos1 x , x 1 or x [1, 1]
2
2. tan1 x cot 1 x , x R
2
3. cos ec 1 x sec 1 x , x 1 or x R 1, 1
2
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Remeshs Mathematics [2. INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS]
Property 4:
2x
sin 1 2 tan1 x, x [1, 1]
2
1.
1 x
1 x2
2. cos1 2 tan1 x, x [0, )
1 x2
2x
tan1 2 tan1 x, x (1, 1)
2
3.
1 x
4. 1 1
3 sin 1 x sin 1 3x 4 x 3 if x ,
2 2
5. 1
3 cos1 x cos1 4 x 3 3x if x , 1
2
13
3x x 3
3 tan1 x tan1 if x 1 , 1
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6.
1 3x 2 3
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Remeshs Mathematics [2. INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS]
1 x2
cos1 x sin 1 1 x 2 tan1 cos ec 1 cot 1
1 x
7.
x 2 2
1 x 1 x
2
8. sin 1 x cos1 1 x 2 tan1
x sec 1 1 cot 1 1 x
2 2 x
1 x 1 x
2
tan1 x sin 1
x cos1 1 sec 1 1 x 2 cos ec 1 1 x
9.
2
1 x2 x
1 x
10. 2 sin 1 x sin 1 2 x 1 x 2
11. 2 cos1 x cos1 2 x 2 1
Note:
Tips
1. sin x 1 sin 1 x
2. Range is same as principal value range of the inverse circular function.
3. To learn this chapter well, you should thorough in Trigonometric functions especially, compound angles,
reduction formulae, multiple and sub multiple angles (Portions available in Formula Master Part I of the
author).
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Remeshs Mathematics [2. INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS]
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