2016 3

.......................................................... 5
........................................... 7
1.1 ............................................... 7
........................ 8
....................................... 9
............................................. 9
................................ 10
...................................... 10
.................................... 10
.................................. 11
1.2 ...................................... 11
.............................................. 11
.............................................. 12
.................................. 12
.................................. 13
............................................ 14
.......................................... 14
.................................................. 14
.......................................... 15
2.1 .................................................. 15
2.1.1 ........................... 15
2.1.2 ............................... 15
2.1.3 ............................................. 16
2.1.4 ......................................... 16
2.1.5 ................................... 17
2.2 .................................................. 18
2.2.1 ................................................. 18
2.2.2 ..................................... 18
2.2.3 ............................................... 18
2.2.4 ............................................. 18
.............................................. 19
3.1 ...................................... 19
3.2 ........................................ 20
...................................................... 20
................................................ 20
........................................ 20
.............................................. 20
.................................................. 21
3.3 .................................................. 21
3.4 .............................................. 22
3.4.1 ..................................... 22
 3.4.2 ..................................... 24
3.5 ...................................... 25
.......................................... 25
........................................ 26
................................................ 27
.............................................. 28
4.1 DIY................................................... 28
4.2 .............................................. 29
4.3 .......................................... 29
....................................... 30
............................................................. 32
......................................................... 33


1.1

United Nations Population Division

International Organization for Migration

16

19

19 20

500
 40%

19 20

20

20

1970

1978

1990

6000

2000


1950

1993

2002 58

15

08

1970

2008
2013 6 5

87%

2014 60%

70%

 130

2000

1.2

2014

2013

90

2015

21966

2016 2 5

53

PM2.5 2014 90%

10% 80%

40 306%

2.1

2.1.1

2.1.2

IT

08

2.1.3

300

85%

2.1.4

 12 2015

18.4

17 12.2

18

1200

2.1.5

2015 4

 2.2

2.2.1

2.2.2

2.2.3

2.2.4


3.1

 3.2

VISA

PRpermenant resident

PR

90

3.3

DIY

DIY


DIY

3.4

3.4.1

 3.4.2

 3.5

2015

619

11.2%

10%

1 10

1 1


2013

4.1 DIY

DIY

DIY

100%

50

 4.2

4.3

DIY

DIY

18

5 ( 5 )5

30

11

2003