2016 3

2

........................................................ 5
........................................... 7
1.1 ................................................. 7
......................... 8
......................................... 9
............................................... 9
.................................. 10
........................................ 10
...................................... 10
.................................... 11
1.2 ........................................ 11
................................................ 11
................................................ 12
.................................... 12
.................................... 13
.............................................. 14
............................................ 14
.................................................... 14
........................................ 15
2.1 .................................................... 15
2.1.1 ...................................... 15
2.1.2 .................................... 15
2.1.3 ............................................ 16
2.1.4 .................................... 17
2.2 .................................................... 18
2.2.1 .................................................. 18
2.2.2 ...................................... 18
2.2.3 ................................................ 18
2.2.4 .............................................. 18
.............................................. 19
3.1 ........................................ 19
3.2 .......................................... 20
........................................................ 20
.................................................. 20
.......................................... 20
................................................ 20
.................................................... 21
3.3 .................................................... 21
3.4 ................................................ 22
3.4.1 ...................................... 22
3.4.2 ...................................... 24

3
 3.5 ........................................ 25
.......................................... 25
.......................................... 26
.................................................. 27
.............................................. 28
4.1 DIY .................................................... 28
4.2 ................................................ 29
4.3 ............................................ 29
....................................... 30
............................................................. 32
......................................................... 33

1
2016 3 ,.
6


1.1

United Nations Population Division

International Organization for Migration

16

19

19 20

500

7
 40%

19 20

20

20

1970
1978

1990

6000

21

1950

1993

2002 58

15

08

1990

2013 6 5

87%

2014

60%

70%

130

10


1.2

2015

11


2013

90

2015

21966

12


2016 2 5

53

13


PM2.5 2014 90%

10% 80%

40 306%

14


2.1

2.1.1

1.

2.

3.

10 1

5
2

2.1.2

2013 9 19 9

28

200 50

100

15
 100

5 10

5 5

183

4-6

1 4 6

50 10%

7%-10% 0.5%-1.5%

1%
60

2.1.3

16
 2.1.4

17
 2.2

2.2.1

2.2.2

2.2.3

2.2.4

18

3.1

1.

2.

3.

4.

19
 3.2

VISA

PRpermenant resident

PR

20


90

3.3

DIY

DIY
21


DIY

3.4

3.4.1

22


23
 3.4.2

24
 3.5

25


5% 10%

1 10

5 5

26


2013

27


4.1 DIY

DIY

DIY

1.

100%

2.

3.

50

28
 4.2

1.

2.

3.

4.3

DIY

DIY

29


18

5 ( 5 )5

30

1.

2.

30
 3.

4.

5.

6.

31


11

2003

32


33