Appendix A: Matlab Code

Appendix A

Matlab Code

Matlab code for SHG conversion efficiency

%To estimate the overlap integral in our device, the Gaussian fitting was
%used to represent the normalized spatial profiles of the transverse
%waveguide modes at the two wavelength along the y direction.the Hermit-
Gaussian fitting was
%used to represent the normalized spatial profiles of the transverse
%waveguide modes at the two wavelength along the x direction. the hermit
guanssian fitting
%can be expressed as following:
%f(x)=C1xexp(-x.^2/(d).^2); x</=d
%f(x)=C2exp(-(x-d)/b); x>d

%Gaussina fit for SHG mode in y direction=exp(-(y-0).^2./(2.*1.8.^2))

%Hermite-Gaussina fit for SHG mode in x direction.
d=2.6; b=1.15; c1=1; c2=0.95;
x=0:0.1:2.6;
y=2.6:0.1:20;
f1=c1.*x.*exp(-x.^2./(d.^2));
f2=c2.*exp(-(y-d)./b);
plot(x,f1,y,f2)

hold on
%Gaussian fit for fundamentalmode in y direction=exp(-(y-0).^2./(2.*2.8.^2))
%Hermit-Gaussian fit for fundamentalmode in x direction
dd=3.6; bb=1.4; cc1=1; cc2=1.33;

x=0:0.1:3.6;
y=3.6:0.1:20;
ff1=cc1.*x.*exp(-x.^2./(dd.^2));
ff2=cc2.*exp(-(y-dd)./bb);

plot(x,ff1./1.2,y,ff2./1.2)

%F1 is the normalized spatial profiles of the transverse waveguide modes at

%fundamental wavelength, when x</=3; F2 is when x>3;
%V1 and V2 are the integral of the spatial profiles of the fundamental mode
%when x>/=3 and >3 respectively.
%____________________________________________________________________

c1=1; c2=0.75;g7=2;g9=1.3;g6=4; g8=0.9;

cc1=1; cc2=1.81; gg6=6.5;gg7=2.5;gg8=1.25; gg9=3.4;

F1=inline('(1.*x.*exp(-(x-3.4).^2./(2.5.^2)).*exp(-(y-0).^2./(2.*2.6.^2))).^1')
V1=dblquad(F1,0,6.5,-10,10)

F2=inline('(1.81.*exp(-(x-6.5)./1.25).*exp(-(y-0).^2./(2.*2.6.^2))).^1')
V2=dblquad(F2,6.5,10,-10,10)

%S1 is the normalized spatial profiles of the transverse waveguide modes at

%SHG wavelength, when x</=2.5; F2 is when x>2.5;
%V11 and V22 are the integral of the spatial profiles of the fundamental mode
%when x>/=2.5 and >2.5 respectively.

S1=inline('(1.*x.*exp(-(x-1.3).^2./(2.^2)).*exp(-(y-0).^2./(2.*1.8.^2))).^1')
S2=inline('(0.75.*exp(-(x-4)./0.9).*exp(-(y-0).^2./(2.*1.8.^2))).^1')

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 Appendix A: Matlab Code

V11=dblquad(S1,0,4,-10,10)
V22=dblquad(S2,4,10,-10,10)

%ef is the normalized constant of the spatial mode profile for fundamental
%wavelength
%es is the normalized constant of the spatial mode profile for SHG
%wavelength
ef=1./sqrt(V1+V2)
es=1./sqrt(V11+V22)

%F is the normalized overlap of spatial mode profiles between the

%fundamental mode and the SHG mode
%0.16 is the value of the ef(normalized constant for fundamental)
%0.262 is the value of es (normalized constant for SHG)

Fa=inline('(0.1.^2.*1.*x.*exp(-(x-3.4).^2./(2.5.^2)).*exp(-(y-
0).^2./(2.*2.6.^2))).^1.*0.2.*sqrt(1.*x.*exp(-(x-1.3).^2./(2.^2)).*exp(-(y-
0).^2./(2.*1.8.^2)))')

Fb=inline('(0.1.^2.*1.81.*exp(-(x-6.5)./1.25).*exp(-(y-
0).^2./(2.*2.6.^2))).^1.*0.2.*sqrt(0.75.*exp(-(x-4)./0.9).*exp(-(y-
0).^2./(2.*1.8.^2)))')

%V is the overlap integral of the interacting modes

Va=dblquad(Fa,0,3.4,-10,10)
Vb=dblquad(Fb,3.4,10,-10,10)

V=Va+Vb

a=17e-12; %Effective nonlinear coefficient

b=V;
c=2.175; %The extraordinary refractive index of lithium niobate at 1550nm
d=8.8542e-12; %Permittivity of free space
f=3e8; %The vaccum speed of light
g=1.55e-6; %Fundamental wavelength
%w is the normallized SHG conversion efficiency

w=(((a.^2)./(c.^3)).*((8.*pi.^2)./(f.*d.*g.^2))).*b.^2.*1e8

Matlab code for coupling efficiency from fibre to channel waveguide.

%To estimate the overlap integral in our device, the Gaussian fitting was
%used to represent the normalized spatial profiles of the transverse
%waveguide modes at 1550nm for fiber and mode in waveguide along the y
direction.the Hermit-Gaussian fitting was
%used to represent the normalized spatial profiles of the transverse
%waveguide modes at the two wavelength along the x direction. the hermit
guanssian fitting
%can be expressed as following:
%f(x)=C1xexp(-(x-gg9).^2/(gg7).^2); x</=gg6
%f(x)=C2exp(-(x-gg6)/gg8); x>gg6

%Gaussina fit for mode in fiber for 1550nm, the mode field diameter for
%single mode fiber G652 at 1550nm is 10.4um. so the deviation of the
%Gaussian is 2.6um.
s=2.6;m=4.2;
x=-10:0.1:20;
y=exp(-(x-m).^2./(2.*s.^2));
plot(x,y.*3.8)

hold on
%Gaussian fit for fundamentalmode in y direction=exp(-(y-0).^2./(2.*2.8.^2))
%Hermit-Gaussian fit for fundamentalmode in x direction

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 Appendix A: Matlab Code

cc1=1; cc2=1.45; gg6=6.5;gg7=2.5;gg8=1.25; gg9=3.4

x=0:0.1:6.5;
y=6.5:0.1:20;
ff1=cc1.*x.*exp(-(x-gg9).^2./(gg7.^2));
ff2=cc2.*exp(-(y-gg6)./gg8);

plot(x,ff1,y,ff2)
%____________________________________________________________________

s=2.6;m=4.2;
cc1=1; cc2=1.45; gg6=6.5;gg7=2.5;gg8=1.25; gg9=3.4;

%F1 is the normalized spatial profiles of the transverse waveguide modes at

%fundamental wavelength, when x</=6.5; F2 is when x>6.5;
%V1 and V2 are the integral of the spatial profiles of the fundamental mode
%when x>/=3 and >3 respectively.

F1=inline('(1.*x.*exp(-(x-3.4).^2./(2.5.^2)).*exp(-(y-0).^2./(2.*2.6.^2))).^1')
V1=dblquad(F1,0,6.5,-10,10)

F2=inline('(1.45.*exp(-(x-6.5)./1.25).*exp(-(y-0).^2./(2.*2.6.^2))).^1')
V2=dblquad(F2,6.5,15,-10,10)

%S1 is the normalized spatial profiles of the transverse modes at

%fundamental wavelength inside the fibre,

S1=inline('exp(-(x-4.2).^2./(2.*2.6.^2)).*exp(-(y-0).^2./(2.*2.6.^2))')
V11=dblquad(S1,-5,15,-10,10)

%ef is the normalized constant of the spatial mode profile for fundamental
%wavelength
%es is the normalized constant of the spatial mode profile for 1550nm
%wavelength inside fibre

ef=1./sqrt(V1+V2)
es=1./sqrt(V11)

%F is the normalized overlap of spatial mode profiles between the

%fiber and waveguide
%0.1 is the value of the ef(normalized constant for fundamentalmode in
%waveguide
%0.15 is the value of es (normalized constant for mode in fibre

Fa=inline('0.1.*sqrt(1.*x.*exp(-(x-3.4).^2./(2.5.^2)).*exp(-(y-
0).^2./(2.*2.6.^2))).*0.15.*sqrt(exp(-(x-4.2).^2./(2.*2.6.^2)).*exp(-(y-
0).^2./(2.*2.6.^2)))')

Fb=inline('0.1.*sqrt(1.45.*exp(-(x-6.5)./1.25).*exp(-(y-
0).^2./(2.*2.6.^2))).*0.15.*0.15.*sqrt(exp(-(x-4.2).^2./(2.*2.6.^2)).*exp(-(y-
0).^2./(2.*2.6.^2)))')

%V is the overlap integral of the interacting modes

Va=dblquad(Fa,0,6.4,-10,10)
Vb=dblquad(Fb,6.4,15,-10,10)

V=(Va+Vb).^2

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 Appendix B: Publications, International Conference Papers and Patents

Appendix B

Publications, International Conference Papers and Patents

Journal Papers

1. L. Ming, C. B. E. Gawith, K. Gallo, M. V. OConnor, G. D. Emmerson, P. G. R.

Smith, High conversion efficiency single-pass second harmonic generation in a
zinc-diffused periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide Optics Express,
Vol.13, pp.4862-4868 (2005)

2. L. Ming, C. B. E. Gawith, and P. G. R. Smith, Green light generation using zinc-

indiffused channel waveguides in periodically poled lithium niobate, Optics
communications, (submitted).

3. M. A. Watson, M. V. O'Connor, P. S. Lloyd, D. P. Shepherd, D. C. Hanna, C. B.

E. Gawith, L. Ming, P. G. R. Smith, O. Balachninaite, Extended operation of
synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillators to longer idler wavelengths,
Optics Letters Vol.27(23) pp.2106-2108 (2002)

4. K. Gallo, R. T. Bratfalean, A. C. Peacock, N. G. R. Broderick, C. B. E. Gawith, L.

Ming, P. G. R. Smith, D. J. Richardson, Second harmonic generation in
hexagonally poled lithium niobate slab waveguides, Electronics Letters Vol.39(1)
pp.75-76 (2003)

5. A. A. Lagatsky, E. U. Rafailov, A. R. Sarmani, C. T. A. Brown, W. Sibbett, L.

Ming and P. G. R. Smith, Efficient femtosecond green-light source with a diode-
pumped mode-locked Yb3+:KY(WO4)2 laser, Optics Letters, Vol.30, pp.1144-
1146 (2005)

International Conference Papers

6. L. Ming, C. B. E. Gawith, P. G. R. Smith, New approach to fabricating channel

waveguides in z-cut PPLN using zinc-diffusion, CLEO/IQEC 2004 San
Francisco 16-21 May 2004 CWA33

175
 Appendix B: Publications, International Conference Papers and Patents

7. Peter G. R. Smith, Lu Ming, Martin OConnor, Corin B. E. Gawith, Zinc

diffused lithium niobate waveguides for high conversion efficiency second
harmonic generation, International Workshop: LiNbO3: from material to
device, from device to system , Suplec, Campus de Metz, May 23-25 2005

8. K. Gallo, R. T. Bratfalean, A. C. Peacock, N. G. R. Broderick, C. B. E. Gawith, L.

Ming, P. G. R. Smith, D. J. Richardson, Quadratic interactions in an hexagonally
poled lithium niobate buried waveguide, Nonlinear Guided Waves and Their
Applications Stresa, Italy 1-6 Sep 2002 NLWC5

9. A. A. Lagatsky, E. U. Rafailov, A. R. Sarmani, C. T. A. Brown, W. Sibbett, L.

Ming and P. G. R. Smith, Efficient frequency doubling of femtosecond pulses in
a periodically-poled LiTaO3 crystal at room temperature, European Conference
on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2005(E-CLEO), Munich, Germany (accepted for
presentation)

10. A. A. Lagatsky, E. U. Rafailov, A. R. Sarmani, C. T. A. Brown, W. Sibbett, L.

Ming and P. G. R. Smith, Efficient femtosecond green generation in a
periodically poled LiTaO3 crystal using a diode-pumped Yb:KYW laser,
Advanced Solid State Photonics 2005 (ASSP), Vienna, Austria (accepted for
presentation)

Patents

11. Fabrication of Zinc-diffused Waveguide in Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate,

New International Patent Application PCT/GB2004/004806. World Intellectual
Property Organization, International Publication Number: WO 2005/052682 A1,
International Publication Data: 9 June 2005,

12. Fabrication of Zinc-diffused Waveguide in Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate,

Corresponding to British Patent Application No.0327267.1 and No.0405177.7

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