DA STORY OF D JAP OCCUPAYSHUN

Felicia:

The year is 1941, and diplomatic relations between nations across the globe are
tense. In order to prevent America and other powers from intervening with their plans
of military expansion, the Japanese attack the US with no formal warning. They drop
a bomb on the US naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii on the morning of December 7,
1941, killing more than 2,400 people.
Mere hours after this bombing came coordinated attacks on territories like
Hong Kong, Singapore, and the Philippines. Through invading the U.S.-held
Philippines, the Japanese hoped to prevent its use as a base of operations by
American forces and instead use for their own purposes.
Japanese forces landed at the Lingayen Gulf later on December 22, and
continued across Central Luzon towards Manila. Three days later, on the advice of
President Manuel L. Quezon, General Douglas MacArthur declared Manila an open
city, meaning it would be left defenseless and should be exempt from enemy attack,
but on January 2, 1942, the Japanese occupied Manila.
The great majority of the Philippine people mounted a remarkably effective
resistance to the Japanese occupation. Investigations in the years after the war
showed that 260,000 Filipinos had been actively engaged in guerrilla organizations
and an even larger number operated covertly in the anti-Japanese underground.

Christine:

Around March 1942, farmers from Tarlac, Pampanga, and Nueva Ecija got
together and formed a unified guerilla army to fight the Japanese amidst this fear and
chaos, and called it Hukbo ng Bayan Laban sa mga Hapon, HUKBALAHAP for short.
The members were also called the Huks. Luis Taruc and Castro Alejandrino were
chosen to be the leader and right hand man respectively, and with as many as 30,000
huks on their side, they were by far the biggest guerilla organization in this time.
MacArthur brought his troops to the Bataan peninsula hoping to wait for
reinforcements, but with the US still reeling from the attack in Pearl Harbor, it was
useless. When the first line of defense was broken by the Japanese, the General, as
well as President Quezon and Vice President Osmea, had no other choice but to
retreat. While Quezon and Osmea went to America to form a government in exile,
MacArthur was ordered by American President Roosevelt to head for Australia on
March 11, 1942, uttering his famous line, I shall return before he departed.
There were 76,000 Americans and Filipinos left to defend Bataan, but with
constant attacks and with access to supplies cut by the Japanese, General Edward
King eventually had to surrender on April 9, 1942. These captured soldiers were then
forced to walk all the way to a internment camp located more than a hundred
kilometers north. Around 10,000 soldiers died on the way from thirst, hunger, and
exhaustion, earning it the infamous title of Bataan Death March.
 Felicia:

Earlier in January of that year, Filipino officials were told to enter into
agreements and compromises with the Japanese in order to minimize the suffering of
the Filipino people while occupied, and so the Philippine Executive Commission, also
known as the PEC, was established. It was meant to be a temporary government
which started out in Greater Manila at first, but it eventually expanded to the whole
archipelago. On December 8, 1942, they formally abolished all political parties and
formed the Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas also known as the
KALIBAPI. It was appointed as the strong right arm of the Japanese occupational
forces in the Philippines and hoped to make the Filipinos cooperate better with their
invaders.
In a move to gain more domestic support, the Japanese promised the Filipinos
their independence, and set up a new republic government in October of 1943.
Despite having Jos P. Laurel as the president, this was still a puppet government. The
Japanese maintained full control of the islands and no political activity was
permitted. They tried using propaganda to get the trust and cooperation of the
Filipinos with slogans like The Philippines belongs to the FILIPINOS but failed to
work due to the Japanese Armys brutal conduct towards the civilian population.
Whole villages were reported to have been destroyed. Large numbers of Filipinos
were rounded up into slave labor camps. Many women were forced to work as comfort
women or in brothels operated by the Japanese military.

[Edits na toh-[RELATE TO ISSUES the one Yvette has?? SHOW INTERVIEWS]
[experiences I found from histoclo.com. only if you want to use them lang
hehe]
Manuel Awatin, sixty years old, was the lone survivor of a group of fourteen
who were lined up on a river bank. Two were mothers each carrying a small child.
Awatin saw the two children snatched from their mothers arms and smashed against
the trunk of a coconut tree. Then they bayoneted the mothers along with the other
twelve men, including Awatin. He alone survived this ordeal.
Isabelo Compania: The Japanese beat Compania in the face with a hammer and
then burned his penis with a lit cigarette. Crispin Labaria: Attorney Crispin Labaria
was tortured by the Japanese in an effort to learn where guerillas were hiding. After a
vicious beating he was bayoneted. Somehow he survived to tell his story.
Francisco Dominisce: The Japanese roasted Dominisce alive. They tied his
hands and feet and then used a pole to support him over an open fire.
Esteban Fernandez was caught hiding in a box. The Japanese shut the lid,
locked it and threw him into an open fire.
Felipe Mendes: The Japanese tied Mendes feet with wire and then tossed him
over board and pulled him after a motor launch in an effort to drown him. He
succeded in moving his legs enough to breathe and stay alive. Irritated, the Japanese
officer overseeing the action ordered him hauled in and cut off his legs and then
through him overboard again. The blood attracted a large shark
 Jose Reyes: The Japanese inserted a wire through Reyes cheeks. It was used
like a horse halter and he was led around for 3 days to show what happened to
recalcitrant civilians. The Japanese then bayoneted him.
Inayo Velez: Velez was an elderly man. A Japanese soldier hit him the face with
his rifle butt and then did not allow him to eat for the next 6 days. [IMTT, Doc. No.
2726.]

Christine:

Then, in September 1944, American forces slowly advanced towards the

Philippines from Australia, bombing several Japanese strongholds until they regained
control of those areas. General Douglas MacArthur kept his promise and returned the
Philippines on October 20, 1944, landing triumphantly in Leyte, where he aptly said I
have returned. It is said that the Battle of Leyte is the largest naval battle in history.
Through December, the islands of Leyte and Mindoro were cleared of Japanese, and
the Americans kept fighting and pushing through towards Manila.
The Battle of Manila lasted for a whole month, starting from February 3 to
March 3, 1945. The Japanese hadnt intended to put so much effort into Manila, but
the Japanese official in charge at this time was ordered to defend the city to the last
man.
The Americans came through with their attack destroyers, tanks, and
howitzers, overwhelming the Japanese. In their anger, the Japanese retaliated against
the civilians in Manila. It was here where the whole city was devastated and more
than a hundred thousand civilians were massacred, making it the worst urban fighting
of the Pacific war. Men, women children were slaughtered on the streets and in
private homes, churches, hospitals and school by rampaging Japanese occupation
troops. One Japanese soldier later told the New York Times: "In the beginning, we
could not kill even a man. But we managed to kill him. Then we hesitated to kill a
woman. But we managed to kill her, too. Then we could kill children. We came to
think as if we were just killing insects.

Felicia:

But after all that bloody street to street fighting, the Japanese lost, Manila was
liberated, and the three years of Japanese control of the Philippines was now over. All
in all, about a million Filipinos, or more than 5% of the Filipino population at that
time, died in the fight for liberation in those three years.
After America dropped its two nuclear bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in
Japan in August 6 and 9, 1945, respectively, the weakened nation announced their
surrender on August 15, effectively ending the second World War.
For their involvement in the war, Japanese generals were executed in the
Philippines in 1946. General Masaharu Homma, who was in command during the
Bataan Death March was executed by firing squad; while General Tomoyuki Yamashita,
who was held responsible for the Manila Massacre, was hanged.
[Alternate kayo not sure pa]

LEGACIES
Before President Quezon left for his exile in America, he had told Dr. Jos
Laurel to stay behind and help with the relations between the Japanese and
the local administration. He had hoped to lessen the suffering of the Filipino
people under their rule, but when told to work with the Japanese, the
Philippine elite only helped in exploiting their own country, leading to
corruption and the rich getting richer.
Effect of all the raped women?
Lack of accounting and history in the Philippines (collective/national historical
amnesia)
o Were told to be grateful to Japan
o Theyre actively trying to change our view of them (the Japanese) into
something good and positive, despite all that theyve done
In short, World War II left the Philippines devastated long after it ended,
historians and sociologists say. This damage, they say, defines the modern
Filipino: poor and lost, perpetually wandering the globe for economic survival,
bereft of national pride, and - like the women of Mapanique - forced to suffer,
to this day, the indignities of their violation. Filipinos have a very short
historical memory," said Ricardo Trota Jose, the country's foremost scholar on
Philippine-Japan relations, who teaches history at the University of the
Philippines.
Hays, J. (November 2016). Defeat of Japan in the Phiilppines. Retrieved March
11, 2017 from http://factsanddetails.com/asian/ca67/sub428/
item2522.html#chapter-13

POSSIBLE INTERVIEW/EXPERIENCE
De Leos, D.B. (March 19, 2008). A story shared by my grandmother: World war II and
Japanese occupation in the Philippines experience. Retrieved March 3, 2017 from
http://www.waltokon.org/Jolo52.html

SOURCE
Japanese occupation of the Philippines. (n.d.). Retrieved March 3, 2017 from http://
www.philippine-history.org/japanese-occupation.htm
Philippine history world war 2 and Japanese occupation. (2006). Retrieved March 2,
2017 from http://www.philippinecountry.com/philippine_history/
japanese_colonization.html
World war II: Japanese atrocities and war crimes Filipino civilians. (August 21, 2013).
Retrieved March 8, 2017 from http://histclo.com/essay/war/ww2/after/jap/
wc/phl/w2jawcp-fc.html
World war II and Japanese occupation. (n.d.). Retrieved March 11, 2017 from https://
sites.ualberta.ca/~vmitchel/fw6.html
World war II in the Philippines: A timeline. (December 2, 2012). Retrieved March 3,
2017 from http://articles.latimes.com/2012/dec/02/travel/la-tr-philippines-
timeline-20121202
HISTORY REPORT:
Japanese Occupation
Topic: Issue

Christine:

The issue of comfort women during WWII spans many countries around the world, even
those not initially involved, such as the United States. The comfort women matter is an
unsightly obstacle in the way of Japan's relations with other countries and, though it
may be viewed by some as a minor issue due to the length of time ago which it
occurred, it is still a pebble in everyone's shoe and will continue to be an irritant until the
matter is satisfactorily resolved.

After getting nowhere with the Japanese government for reparations, many countries
whose citizens were victimized have turned to the UN and, specifically the United
States, for help in convincing the Japanese government to make an official apology and
make the proper reparations to the victims themselves or to their surviving families.
Thus far, Japan has yet to yield to these demands.

Lastly, lobbyists and supporters pushing for the Japanese government to atone for their
involvement in the comfort stations have other motives besides aiding those victimized
during WWII. Such situations as the comfort women faced over 50 years ago are
reported to be still continuing today in Southeast Asia in the form of those similar to the
methods reportedly used to trick young girls and women into becoming comfort
women--hiring agencies promising jobs abroad and then, when the girls and women
arrive, their passports are taken and they are forced into prostitution.
 Felicia:

Some Asian countries are even known to offer incentives to their male employees in the
form of trips to brothels and/or tours to the brothels in other countries as a reward for a
job well done.

The fact that women are still seen by some as mere sex objects for the sole use of
providing pleasure to men is an issue still occurring today all over the world as can be
seen in media, cultural attitudes and double standards regarding sex, and political laws
and policies. By forcing Japan into fully admitting their fault and making satisfactory
reparations, these women's and human rights supporters are hoping to send a message
to those still believing that such acts are permissible and easily dismissed. Hopefully by
doing this, it will help change the way women are viewed and treated, especially during
a war.