4.

/
a) () + ( + ) or /() + ( + )

The second answer uses symmetry, finding the area of the left side and doubling it (which
1
cancels the 2 factor). Note that there are more equivalent forms of these expressions.

b) =
Start with the equation = sin and plug 2 in for r and -3 for y to get
3 = (5 + 2 sin ) sin or 2 sin2 + 5 sin + 3 = 0.
Factoring the left side of the equation gives (2 sin + 3)(sin + 1) = 0 and sin =
3 3
2 , 1., Only sin = 1 is possible, so you would only get = 2 as your final
answer.

There is an alternative way to solve this problem. Rearrange the equation 2 = 5 +

5
2 sin so that it is solved for sin . You would get sin = 2 .
5 2 5
Plug 2 in for sin and -3 for y in the equation = sin to get 3 = 2 . After
some algebra and factoring, = 2, 3. Plugging in these values, 2 and 3, for 2 in the
3
equation 2 = 5 + 2 sin , you end up with sin = 2 , 1., Only sin = 1 is
3
possible, so you would only get = as your final answer.
2

c) =


To test for candidates for an absolute maximum, find where = 0 or und. You must
also test the endpoints because it is a closed interval.

Solve = 2 cos = 0 to get = 2 .
(0) = 5
() = 5

(2 ) = 7

Alternatively, you could recognize that the greatest value of 2 would occur where
sin = 1.

d) = + ( )( + )


and = + ( + )
Start with the equations = cos and = sin , replace r with 2 = 5 + 2 sin , then
find the above derivatives. There are simplified forms, but it is not necessary to simplify
the above expressions. However, note that = 5 cos + 2 sin cos can be rewritten
as = 5 cos + sin 2, and the derivative of this can be more easily found to be
5 sin + 2cos 2.
 ()
+ + +

e) =
[ ( )]



Plug 3 in for in the equations = cos and = sin to get your x and y-
coordinates. Use your answer in Part d to find the slope of the tangent line. The above
expression can easily be simplified in a few areas, but again, it is not necessary to do so.
Simplifying the derivative equations beforehand, however, does make the evaluation
process easier.