Seminar Summary

Submitter: Mohd Kaswandee Razali (Student No.) 2017214018

(Affiliation - Major) School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering-Aerospace
Engineering
Title Microstructure Evolution and Its Identification in Metal Forming

Lecturer Dr. Zhai Yuewen Date/Place 2017 March 16th / Building

403, 214
Organizer Gyeongsang National Confirmation of
University Attendance*1
Contents Summary
Hot Forging:

Refers to processes where metals are plastically deformed above their

recrystallization temperature. During the hot metal forging process, material
experiences microstructural evolution which strongly affects mechanical
properties. This is critical because recrystallization keeps the materials from strain
solidifying, which at last keeps the yield strength and hardness low and
malleability high. This appears differently in relation to cold working.

Changing the shape:

- Macro deformation control
- Meeting the geometry requirement
Modifying the property:
- Meeting the microstructure control and mechanical property
During the hot metal forming process, material experiences microstructural
evolution which strongly affects its mechanical properties.

Hot forging process involves preheating, deformation, transfer and dwell between
operations and cooldown.
The lower limit of the hot working temperature is determined by its
recrystallization temperature. As a guideline, the lower limit of the hot working
temperature of a material is 60% its melting temperature (on an absolute
 temperature scale). The upper limit for hot working is determined by various
factors, such as: excessive oxidation, grain growth, or an undesirable phase
transformation. In practice materials are
Static recrystallization usually heated to the upper limit first to keep
Static grain growth
forming forces as low as possible and to
maximize the amount of time available to hot
Static recovery work the workpiece.

The grain
Temperat Grain
Dynamic recovery ure growth
Dynamic recrystallization
Dynamic grain growth

evolution that might happen during hot

forging process:

Deformat
ion

Discussion:

The effects of temperature and strain rate on deformation behaviour were

represented by ZenerHollomon parameter in an exponent-type equation.
 The influence of strain was incorporated in the constitutive equation by
considering the effect of strain on different material constants. Activation
energy was found to vary with strain in the range 369391 kJ mol1. The
developed constitutive equation (considering the compensation of strain)
could predict flow stress of modified P91 steel over the specified hot
working domain with very good correlation and generalization.

5,10 and 15%

reduction
(below the critical Softening
strain required for fraction
Offset stress (0.2%)
dynamic at the second
recrystallization.) deformation

Offset stress
(0.2%) at the first
deformation
flow
stress
at the
interr
uption
p s

Obtainin
gn

The base of the dynamic grain growth:

- geometric model
- dislocation density distribution
- irreversible process framework abides by the second law of thermodynamics

Conclusion:
AFDEC Code of the analytical model for grain evolution prediction is validated by
DEFORM software results and the results of other researchers experiments. Good
agreement was found between numerical results calculated by means of the
implementation of a user-routine experimental data.
A new approach is proposed to decide material parameters for element
recrystallization. The legitimacy of the strategy is confirmed in a simple
compression test simulation.
 The strategy that utilized to determine the materials parameter were an extrusion
process and test simulation.
The effects of number of elements on the derived parameters value is being
contemplated.
A set of analyses is being intended for examining the strategy in a functional forge
process.