PROJECT : 132/33kV Substation at Kusmunda

SHORT CIRCUIT FORCE CALCULATION

(for 33kV Twin Zebra ACSR WITH 18m span)

1. System Data

System voltage Vs = 33 kV

Three phase initial symmetrical short circuit current (rms) Ik3 = 25000 A

Nominal tension per ph Fst 1000 kg

System Frequency f = 50 Hz

Center-line distance between conductors a = 1.5 m

Centre line distance between tower legs l = 18 m

Total length of insulator assembly li = 1.175 m

Girder width lg = 1m

Chord length of the conductor (l-2xli) = 18 - 2 x 1.175 lc = 14.65 m

Number of sub-conductor of a main conductor n = 2 Nos

Static conductors tensile force at a conductor temperature of 0 0C Fst, 0 = 19620 N

(nxgnxFst) =2 X 9.81 X 1000
Static conductors tensile force at a conductor temperature of 75 0C Fst, 75 = 5513.22 N
=2 X 9.81 X 281 281 kg taken from sag tension calc.
2
Conventional value of acceleration of gravity gn = 9.81 m/s
PROJECT : 132/33kV Substation at Kusmunda

Absolute permeablity of air 0 = 1.26E-06

Resulting spring constant of span supports S = 100000 N/M

(Ref page no 41 of IEC 865)
Duration of the first current flow Tk1 = 1s

No. of spacer for the selected spacer span ns = 11 Nos

Spacer weight Ms = 1 kg

2. ACSR zebra conductor data

2
Cross - section area As = 0.000485 m

Mass per unit length Mc = 1.621 kg/m

2
Youngs modulus E = 6.89E+09 N/m

3. Reference:

IEC - 865 part I "short circuit currents - calculation "

4.1 Electromagnetic forces and characteristics parameters

The electromagnetic force per unit length is

F = (0/2)*0.75*(I k3)2/(a)*lc/l Equation (19 of IEC 865)

= 0.000001256x0.75x25000^2x(14.65/18)/(2x3.14x1.5)

= 50.868 N/m
The parameter r is
PROJECT : 132/33kV Substation at Kusmunda

r = F/(n*M*gn) Equation (20 of IEC 865)

= 50.868/(2 X 1.996 X 9.81)
= 1.2987

The direction of resulting force is

1 = arctan(r) Equation (21 of IEC 865)
= ATAN(1.299)
= 52.429 Deg
Mass per unit length on conductor
M' = Mc+ ns*Ms / n*lc
= 1.621 + 11 X 1 / 2 / 14.65
= 1.996 kg

The equivalent static conductor sags at midspan are

bc,0 = nMgnl2/(8 Fst,0) Equation (22 of IEC 865)

= 2 X 1.996 X 9.81 X 18 ^2)/(8X 19620)
= 0.0809 m

bc,75 = nMgnl2/(8 Fst,75) Equation (22 of IEC 865)

= 2 X 1.996 X 9.81 x 18^2)/(8X5513.22)
= 0.2877 m

The periods of conductor oscillation are

T0 = 2*(0.8* bc,0/gn) Equation (23 of IEC 865)

2X(0.8 X 0.0809 / 9.81)
= 0.51 sec

T75 = 2*(0.8* bc,75/gn) Equation (23 of IEC 865)

2 x (0.8* 0.2877/9.81)
= 0.96 sec
PROJECT : 132/33kV Substation at Kusmunda

The resulting periods of oscillation are

Tres,0 = T0/(4(1+r2)*(1-2/64*((1/900)2))) Equation (24 of IEC 865)

= 0.51/((1+ 1.299^2)^0.25/(1-(3.14^2/64)x(52.429/90)^2))
= 0.42 sec

Tres,75 = T75/(4(1+r2)*(1-2/64*((1/90)2))) Equation (24 of IEC 865)

= 0.96/((1+1.299^2)^0.25/(1-(3.14^2/64)x(52.429/90)^2))
= 0.79 sec

4.2 The stiffness norms are

N0 = 1/(Sl)+1/(nEs,0As) Equation (25 of IEC 865)
= 1 / (100000 X 18)+1/(2 X 4928367478.58 X 0.000485)
= 7.64738E-07 1/N

With
Fst,0/(nAs) = 19620/(2 x 0.000485)
Fst,0/(nAs) = 2.02E+07 fin = 5.00E+07 N/m2
Equation (26 of IEC 865)
Es,0 = E[0.3+0.7*sin(F st,0*900/(nAsfin)) for Fst,00/(nAs) <= fin
= E for Fst,00/(nAs) > fin

Fst,0/(nAs) < fin

Hence Es,0 = E[0.3+0.7*sin(F st,0*900/(nAsfin))
= 6890000000x(0.3+0.7xSIN(20226804.124 x 90/(50000000))
= 4.93E+09 N/m^2
And
N75 = l/(Sl)+1/(nEs,60As) Equation (25 of IEC 865)
= 1/(100000 X 18)+1/(2 X 2923194779.88346 X 0.000485
= 9.08E-07 1/N
PROJECT : 132/33kV Substation at Kusmunda

With
Fst,750/(nAs) 5513.22/(2x0.000485)
0
Fst,75 /(nAs) = 5.68E+06 fin = 5.00E+07 N/m2
Equation (26 of IEC 865)
Es,75 = E[0.3+0.7*sin(F st,75*900/(nAsfin)) for Fst,750/(nAs) <= fin
= E for Fst,750/(nAs) > fin

Fst,75/(nAs) < fin

Hence Es,75 = E[0.3+0.7*sin(F st,75*900/(nAsfin))
= 6890000000 X (0.3+0.7xSIN(5683731.959 X90/(50000000)
= 2.92E+09 N/m^2

4.3 The stress norms are

0 = (nMgnl)2/(24F3 st,0 N0 ) Equation (28 of IEC 865)

= (2X1.996x9.81x18)^2/(24x19620^3x7.64737975399809E-07)
= 0.0036

75 = (nMgnl)2/(24F3 st,75 N75) Equation (28 of IEC 865)

= (2 X 1.996 X 9.81 X 18)^2/(24 X 5513.22 ^3 X 9.08E-07)
= 0.1361

the span swing-out angles are

k0 = 1[1-cos(360 0*Tk1/Tres,0)] if Tk1/Tres,0<=0.5

= 2*1 if Tk1/Tres,0>0.5
As Tk1/Tres,0>0.5, Equation (29 of IEC 865)
k0 = 2 x 52.429

= 104.86 Deg
PROJECT : 132/33kV Substation at Kusmunda

as T k1/Tres,0 = 2.3810
And
k,75 = 1[1-cos(360 0*Tk1/Tres,75)] if Tk1/Tres,75<=0.5
= 2*1 if Tk1/Tres,75>0.5
As Tk1/Tres,75>0.5, Equation (29 of IEC 865)
k,75 = 2 x 52.429
= 104.86 Deg

as Tk1/Tres,75 = 1.2658

The maximum swing-out angles m,0 and m,75 depend respectively on 0 and 75 which
depend on k,0 and k,75
Equation (30 of IEC 865)
0 = 1-rsink,0 k,0 <=90 0 :
= 1-r k,0 >900 :
As 104.858<90 = 1-( 1.299 x SIN'(104.858)
= -0.2987
Equation (30 of IEC 865)
75 = 1-rsink,75 k,75 <=90 0 :
As 104.858<90 = 1-r k,75 >900 :
= 1-( 1.299 x SIN'(104.858)
= -0.2987

Now, -0.985 0.766

Hence m = 10 deg + arcccos

m,0 = 10 + ACOS(-0.299) Equation (31 of IEC 865)

m,0 = 117.43 Deg
PROJECT : 132/33kV Substation at Kusmunda

m.75 = 10 + ACOS(-0.299) Equation (31 of IEC 865)

m.75 = 117.43 Deg

4.4 Tensile force F t during the short circuit

The load parameter is

Equation (32 of IEC 865)
0 = 3((r2+1)-1) if Tk1>=Tres,0/4
= 3(r*sink,0+cosk,0-1) if Tk1 < Tres,0/4
As Tk1 Tres,0/4 = 3 x ( (1.299 ^2+1)-1)
= 1.9172
Equation (32 of IEC 865)
75 = 3(r*sink,0+cosk,0-1) Tk1 < Tres,75/4
= 3((r2+1)-1) Tk1>=Tres,75/4
As Tk1 Tres,75/4 = 3 x ( (1.299 ^2+1)-1)
= 1.9172

Tres,0/4 = 0.105
Tres,75/4 = 0.198

Factor is calculated from the following formula

23+(2+)2+(1+2)-(2+) =0 Equation (33 of IEC 865)

For 0 = 1.9172 and 0 = 0.0036

0 = 0.0135

For 75 = 1.9172 and 75 = 0.1361

75 = 0.2243
PROJECT : 132/33kV Substation at Kusmunda

The tensile forces during the short circuit are for n=2

As n > 2 Ft,0 = 1.1XFst,0(1+00) Equation (34 of IEC 865)

= 1.1 X 19620 X (1+ 1.917 X 0.014)
= 22140.76 N

Ft,75 = 1.1*Fst,75(1+7575) Equation (34 of IEC 865)

1.1 X 5513.22 X (1+ 1.917 X 0.224)
= 8672.19 N

The tensile forces Ft is the maximum value of Ft,0 and Ft,75

Ft = max{Ft,0,Ft75}
= 22140.76 N
Force in kg = 22140.76/9.81
= 2256.96 Kg

4.5 Tensile force F f after the short circuit

Ff,0 = 1.2 Fst,0(1+(80*m,0/1800) Equation (35 of IEC 865)

= 1.2 X 19620 X (1+(8 X 117.431 X 0.004 /180))
= 23,763.31 N

Ff,75 = 1.2 Fst,75(1+(8,75*m,75/1800) Equation (35 of IEC 865)

= 1.2 X 5513.22 X (1+(8 X 117.431 X 0.136 /180))
= 8,652.07 N

The tensile force Ff is the maximum value of Ff,0 and Ff,75

PROJECT : 132/33kV Substation at Kusmunda

Ff = max {Ff,0,Ff,75}
= 23763.31 N
Force in kg = 23763.31/9.81
= 2422.36 Kg

Horizontal span displacement bh and minimum air clearance

The elastic expansion is :
ela = (Ft75-Fst75)*N75
= (8672.19-5513.22) X 0.01
= 2.87E-03

The thermal expansion is :

th = Cth*(I''k3/nAs)2 * Tres75 /4

= 2.7E-19 X (25000/(2 X 0.000485))^2 X 0.1975

= 3.54215E-05

Since Tk1>=Tres75 /4
Cth = 2.7E-19

The factor CD is:

CD = (1+(3/8)*(1/bc75)2*(ela+th)

= 1.006556088

The factor CF is:

PROJECT : 132/33kV Substation at Kusmunda

CF = 1.05 ( r<=0.8 )
Where, r = 1.2987

The maximum horizontal displacement within a span, b h, due to short circuit is given by the following for spans with strained
conductors l c = l-2li connected to portals with tension insulator strings

bh = CF*CD*bc75*sin1 For m>=1

= 0.241

The minimum air clearance

amin = a-2bh
= 1.02 m

The horizontal span displacement is 0.241 and the minimmum air clearance is 1.02m

Permissible displacement :
As per 'ABB Switchgear Manual, 10th edition' page no-143, the minimum air clearance (amin)must not be less than 50%
of the minimum conductor to conductor distance.i.e. 50% of 320mm =160mm

amin of 1020 mm > 160 mm

Hence Safe
PROJECT : 132/33kV Substation at Kusmunda

Tensile Force Caused by the pinch effect (Fpi)

Tensile force caused by the force effect may be ignored when the subconductors clash effectively.
Sub conductors are considered to clash effectively if the clearance a, between the mid point of adjacent
sub-conductor as well as the distance Is between the spacers fulfil either of the folowing conditions

as/ds <= 2.5 and Is>= 70a s

If bundle conductor does not fulfill the above equations, then the following formulae apply for the calculation of Fpi

(as d s ) * Mc
f *1
0 I"k 3
2
Factor 1 = n 1
sin 180 * *
n
2 n as

The factor 2 for the values of 1 and is calculated from fig.8 of IEC-865, Part I. 3 for the values of as/ds is
calculated from fig. 9 of IEC-865, Part I

0 I" k3 l s 2
Fv = (n-1) [ ]2
2 n a s 3
The strain factors characterizing the contraction of the bundle shall be calculated from

2 2
Fstls N 180
st = 1.5
(as ds )2
sin
n

3 3
Fvls N 180
pi = 0.375n
(as ds )3 sin
n
PROJECT : 132/33kV Substation at Kusmunda

The Parameter j determines the bundle configuration during short circuit current flow

p i
j =
1 s t

1
For j>= 1 is given by 180
4
2
sin n
9 n(n 1) 0 I"k3 N ls arctan 4
2 4
1
Ve = 0.5 + 1
8 2 as ds 3
2
n
4
4




as d s
with 4 = and
ds
is given by the real solution of 3 + st - pi =0
Ve
Fpi = Fst 1

st
1
For J<1 Ve is given by 180
4
2
sin n
0 I"k3 arctan 4
2 4
ls 1
0.5 + n(n 1)
9
N 1
2
Ve = 2
8 n as ds 4 4
4

as ds
with 4 =
as (as ds )
where is then by IEC-865 Part I, Fig. 11
PROJECT : 132/33kV Substation at Kusmunda

Ve 2
Fpi = Fst 1

st

CALCULATION

1 as/ds <= 2.0 and ls>= 50a s

as/ds <= 2.5 and ls>= 70a s

as = 0.25 ds = 0.02862 as/ds = 8.73515

and ls = 1.5 50as = 12.5

The above conditions do not satisfy, Hence the value of Fpi is calculated as follows

2
n = 2 sin(180/n) = 1

(as d s ) * Mc
f *1
0 I"k 3
2
Factor 1 = n 1 Equation (46 of IEC 865)
sin 180 * *
n
2 n as

= 50 x 1/SIN(180/ 2 ) x (( 0.25 - 0.02862 ) x 1.621 / 0.0000002 / (25000 / 2 )^2/((2 -1)/ 0.25))

= 2.6790 0/2 = 2E-07

The factor 2 for the values of 1 and is calculated from fig.8 of IEC-865, Part I. 3 for the values of as/ds is
calculated from fig. 9 of IEC-865, Part I
PROJECT : 132/33kV Substation at Kusmunda

2 = 1
3 = 0.28 as/ds = 8.73515

0 I"k3 2 l s 2
3 Fv = (n-1) [ ] Equation (45 of IEC 865)
2 n a s
v 3

= (2 -1) x 0.0000002 x (25000 / 2 )^ 2 x 1.5 / 0.25 x 1 / 0.28

= 669.6428571 N

4 The strain factors characterizing the contraction of the bundle shall be calculated from

2
Fstls N 180
2
st = 1.5
sin n
Equation (47 of IEC 865)
(as ds )2
= 1.5 x 19620 x 1.5^2 x 7.64737975399809E-07 / 8.73515024458421 ^2 x 1 ^2 (as-ds) = 8.735150245

= 0.00
3
Fvls N 180
3

pi = 0.375n sin Equation (48 of IEC 865)

(as ds ) 3 n

= 0.375 x 2 x 669.643 x 1.5 ^3 x 7.64737975399809E-07 / (0.25 - 0.02862 )^3 x 1 ^ 3

= 0.1195

p i
Equation (49 of IEC 865)
1
j =
s t
PROJECT : 132/33kV Substation at Kusmunda

= (0.119 / (1+ 0.001))

= 0.3455

4 = x (as-ds)/(as-x(as-ds)) Equation (56 of IEC 865)

= 0.00155132862424783 x 8.73515024458421 / (0.25 - 0.00155132862424783 x 8.73515024458421)
= 0.057310852 1
For J<1 Ve is given by 180
4
2
4 sin
9 n(n 1) 0 I"k3 N ls n
arctan 4
2
Ve = 0.5 + 1
1
2 n
2
8 as ds 4
4 4

= 0.5 + ( 9/8 x 2 x ( 2-1) x 0.0000002 x( 25000 / 2)^2 x 7.64737975399809E-07

1 x ( 1.5 / 8.73515024458421 x 1 / 0.00155132862424783 )^4 x 0.018 -0.25)

= 12.7013 4 = 0.05731
Equation (55 of IEC 865) 0.01847
= 0.0016 Calculated from fig no 11 of IEC 865)

Ve 2 Equation (54 of IEC 865)

Fpi = Fst 1
st
= 19620 x (1+( 12.701 / 0.001) x 0.00155132862424783^2)
= 20523.67 N
= 20523.668/9.81
= 2092.12 Kg
PROJECT : 132/33kV Substation at Kusmunda

SHORT CIRCUIT FORCE CALCULATION

(for 33kV Single Zebra ACSR WITH 18m span)

1. System Data

System voltage Vs = 33 kV

Three phase initial symmetrical short circuit current (rms) Ik3 = 25000 A

Nominal tension per ph Fst 1000 kg

System Frequency f = 50 Hz

Center-line distance between conductors a = 1.5 m

Centre line distance between tower legs l = 20.5 m

Total length of insulator assembly li = 1.175 m

Girder width lg = 1m

Chord length of the conductor (l-2xli) = 20.5 - 2 x 1.175 lc = 17.15 m

Number of sub-conductor of a main conductor n = 1 Nos

Static conductors tensile force at a conductor temperature of 0 0C Fst, 0 = 9810 N

(nxgnxFst) =1 X 9.81 X 1000
Static conductors tensile force at a conductor temperature of 75 0C Fst, 75 = 2285.73 N
=1 X 9.81 X 233 233 kg taken from sag tension calc.
2
Conventional value of acceleration of gravity gn = 9.81 m/s
PROJECT : 132/33kV Substation at Kusmunda

Absolute permeablity of air 0 = 1.26E-06

Resulting spring constant of span supports S = 100000 N/M

(Ref page no 41 of IEC 865)
Duration of the first current flow Tk1 = 1s

No. of spacer for the selected spacer span ns = 0 Nos

Spacer weight Ms = 0 kg

2. ACSR zebra conductor data

2
Cross - section area As = 0.000485 m

Mass per unit length Mc = 1.621 kg/m

2
Youngs modulus E = 6.89E+09 N/m

3. Reference:

IEC - 865 part I "short circuit currents - calculation "

4.1 Electromagnetic forces and characteristics parameters

The electromagnetic force per unit length is

F = (0/2)*0.75*(I k3)2/(a)*lc/l Equation (19 of IEC 865)

= 0.000001256x0.75x25000^2x(17.15/20.5)/(2x3.14x1.5)

= 52.287 N/m
The parameter r is
PROJECT : 132/33kV Substation at Kusmunda

r = F/(n*M*gn) Equation (20 of IEC 865)

= 52.287/(1 X 1.621 X 9.81)
= 3.2880

The direction of resulting force is

1 = arctan(r) Equation (21 of IEC 865)
= ATAN(3.288)
= 73.121 Deg
Mass per unit length on conductor
M' = Mc+ ns*Ms / n*lc
= 1.621 + 0 X 0 / 1 / 17.15
= 1.621 kg

The equivalent static conductor sags at midspan are

bc,0 = nMgnl2/(8 Fst,0) Equation (22 of IEC 865)

= 1 X 1.621 X 9.81 X 20.5 ^2)/(8X 9810)
= 0.0852 m

bc,75 = nMgnl2/(8 Fst,75) Equation (22 of IEC 865)

= 1 X 1.621 X 9.81 x 20.5^2)/(8X2285.73)
= 0.3655 m

The periods of conductor oscillation are

T0 = 2*(0.8* bc,0/gn) Equation (23 of IEC 865)

2X(0.8 X 0.0852 / 9.81)
= 0.52 sec

T75 = 2*(0.8* bc,75/gn) Equation (23 of IEC 865)

2 x (0.8* 0.3655/9.81)
= 1.08 sec
PROJECT : 132/33kV Substation at Kusmunda

The resulting periods of oscillation are

Tres,0 = T0/(4(1+r2)*(1-2/64*((1/900)2))) Equation (24 of IEC 865)

= 0.52/((1+ 3.288^2)^0.25/(1-(3.14^2/64)x(73.121/90)^2))
= 0.31 sec

Tres,75 = T75/(4(1+r2)*(1-2/64*((1/90)2))) Equation (24 of IEC 865)

= 1.08/((1+3.288^2)^0.25/(1-(3.14^2/64)x(73.121/90)^2))
= 0.65 sec

4.2 The stiffness norms are

N0 = 1/(Sl)+1/(nEs,0As) Equation (25 of IEC 865)
= 1 / (100000 X 20.5)+1/(1 X 4928367478.58 X 0.000485)
= 9.06E-07 1/N

With
Fst,0/(nAs) = 9810/(1 x 0.000485)
Fst,0/(nAs) = 2.02E+07 fin = 5.00E+07 N/m2
Equation (26 of IEC 865)
Es,0 = E[0.3+0.7*sin(F st,0*900/(nAsfin)) for Fst,00/(nAs) <= fin
= E for Fst,00/(nAs) > fin

Fst,0/(nAs) < fin

Hence Es,0 = E[0.3+0.7*sin(F st,0*900/(nAsfin))
= 6890000000x(0.3+0.7xSIN(20226804.124 x 90/(50000000))
= 4.93E+09 N/m^2
And
N75 = l/(Sl)+1/(nEs,60As) Equation (25 of IEC 865)
= 1/(100000 X 20.5)+1/(1 X 2778121539.75825 X 0.000485
= 1.23E-06 1/N
PROJECT : 132/33kV Substation at Kusmunda

With
Fst,750/(nAs) 2285.73/(1x0.000485)
0
Fst,75 /(nAs) = 4.71E+06 fin = 5.00E+07 N/m2
Equation (26 of IEC 865)
Es,75 = E[0.3+0.7*sin(F st,75*900/(nAsfin)) for Fst,750/(nAs) <= fin
= E for Fst,750/(nAs) > fin

Fst,75/(nAs) < fin

Hence Es,75 = E[0.3+0.7*sin(F st,75*900/(nAsfin))
= 6890000000 X (0.3+0.7xSIN(4712845.361 X90/(50000000)
= 2.78E+09 N/m^2

4.3 The stress norms are

0 = (nMgnl)2/(24F3 st,0 N0 ) Equation (28 of IEC 865)

= (1X1.621x9.81x20.5)^2/(24x9810^3x9.06169717737288E-07)
= 0.0052

75 = (nMgnl)2/(24F3 st,75 N75) Equation (28 of IEC 865)

= (1 X 1.621 X 9.81 X 20.5)^2/(24 X 2285.73 ^3 X 12.3E-07)
= 0.3015

the span swing-out angles are

k0 = 1[1-cos(360 0*Tk1/Tres,0)] if Tk1/Tres,0<=0.5

= 2*1 if Tk1/Tres,0>0.5
As Tk1/Tres,0>0.5, Equation (29 of IEC 865)
k0 = 2 x 73.121

= 146.24 Deg
PROJECT : 132/33kV Substation at Kusmunda

as T k1/Tres,0 = 3.2258
And
k,75 = 1[1-cos(360 0*Tk1/Tres,75)] if Tk1/Tres,75<=0.5
= 2*1 if Tk1/Tres,75>0.5
As Tk1/Tres,75>0.5, Equation (29 of IEC 865)
k,75 = 2 x 73.121
= 146.24 Deg

as Tk1/Tres,75 = 1.5385

The maximum swing-out angles m,0 and m,75 depend respectively on 0 and 75 which
depend on k,0 and k,75
Equation (30 of IEC 865)
0 = 1-rsink,0 k,0 <=90 0 :
= 1-r k,0 >900 :
As 146.242<90 = 1-( 3.288 x SIN'(146.242)
= -2.2880
Equation (30 of IEC 865)
75 = 1-rsink,75 k,75 <=90 0 :
As 146.242<90 = 1-r k,75 >900 :
= 1-( 3.288 x SIN'(146.242)
= -2.2880

Now, -0.985 0.766

Hence m = 10 deg + arcccos

m,0 = 10 + ACOS(-2.288) Equation (31 of IEC 865)

m,0 = 180.00 Deg
PROJECT : 132/33kV Substation at Kusmunda

m.75 = 10 + ACOS(-2.288) Equation (31 of IEC 865)

m.75 = 180.00 Deg

4.4 Tensile force F t during the short circuit

The load parameter is

Equation (32 of IEC 865)
0 = 3((r2+1)-1) if Tk1>=Tres,0/4
= 3(r*sink,0+cosk,0-1) if Tk1 < Tres,0/4
As Tk1 Tres,0/4 = 3 x ( (3.288 ^2+1)-1)
= 7.3103
Equation (32 of IEC 865)
75 = 3(r*sink,0+cosk,0-1) Tk1 < Tres,75/4
= 3((r2+1)-1) Tk1>=Tres,75/4
As Tk1 Tres,75/4 = 3 x ( (3.288 ^2+1)-1)
= 7.3103

Tres,0/4 = 0.078
Tres,75/4 = 0.163

Factor is calculated from the following formula

23+(2+)2+(1+2)-(2+) =0 Equation (33 of IEC 865)

For 0 = 7.3103 and 0 = 0.0052

0 = 0.0320

For 75 = 7.3103 and 75 = 0.3015

75 = 0.2742
PROJECT : 132/33kV Substation at Kusmunda

The tensile forces during the short circuit are for n=1

As n > 2 Ft,0 = 1.1XFst,0(1+00) Equation (34 of IEC 865)

= 1.1 X 9810 X (1+ 7.31 X 0.032)
= 13316.73 N

Ft,75 = 1.1*Fst,75(1+7575) Equation (34 of IEC 865)

1.1 X 2285.73 X (1+ 7.31 X 0.274)
= 7554.52 N

The tensile forces Ft is the maximum value of Ft,0 and Ft,75

Ft = max{Ft,0,Ft75}
= 13316.73 N
Force in kg = 13316.73/9.81
= 1357.47 Kg

4.5 Tensile force F f after the short circuit

Ff,0 = 1.2 Fst,0(1+(80*m,0/1800) Equation (35 of IEC 865)

= 1.2 X 9810 X (1+(8 X 180 X 0.005 /180))
= 12,013.25 N

Ff,75 = 1.2 Fst,75(1+(8,75*m,75/1800) Equation (35 of IEC 865)

= 1.2 X 2285.73 X (1+(8 X 180 X 0.301 /180))
= 5,066.28 N

The tensile force Ff is the maximum value of Ff,0 and Ff,75

PROJECT : 132/33kV Substation at Kusmunda

Ff = max {Ff,0,Ff,75}
= 12013.25 N
Force in kg = 12013.25/9.81
= 1224.59 Kg

Horizontal span displacement bh and minimum air clearance

The elastic expansion is :
ela = (Ft75-Fst75)*N75
= (7554.53-2285.73) X 0.01
= 6.48E-03

The thermal expansion is :

th = Cth*(I''k3/nAs)2 * Tres75 /4

= 2.7E-19 X (25000/(1 X 0.000485))^2 X 0.1625

= 0.000116577

Since Tk1>=Tres75 /4
Cth = 2.7E-19

The factor CD is:

CD = (1+(3/8)*(1/bc75)2*(ela+th)

= 1.009218647

The factor CF is:

PROJECT : 132/33kV Substation at Kusmunda

CF = 1.05 ( r<=0.8 )
Where, r = 3.2880

The maximum horizontal displacement within a span, b h, due to short circuit is given by the following for spans with strained
conductors l c = l-2li connected to portals with tension insulator strings

bh = CF*CD*bc75*sin1 For m>=1

= 0.371

The minimum air clearance

amin = a-2bh
= 0.76 m

The horizontal span displacement is 0.371m and the minimmum air clearance is 760mm

Permissible displacement :
As per 'ABB Switchgear Manual, 10th edition' page no-143, the minimum air clearance (amin)must not be less than 50%
of the minimum conductor to conductor distance.i.e. 50% of 320mm =160mm

amin of 760 mm > 160 mm

Hence Safe