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CHAP.

5] COMPACT BEAMS AND OTHER FLEXURAL MEMBERS 49

h 523
tsor -)--
tw v4,
vn:A*#S
t*r \n I
V.ul
where % : nominal shear strength, kips
Aw: ?tr-? of the web, in2 : dt*
d : overall depth, in
/- : thickness of web, in
h:the following web dimensions, in: clear distance between fillets, for rolled shapes;
clear distance between flanges for welded sections (See Fig. 5-7.)
The limit states for shear strength are yielding of the web in Eq. [5.121, inelastic buckling of the
web in Eq. [5.13], and elastic buckling of the web in Eq. 15.141.

DISPLACEMENT AND VIBRATION


The two primary serviceability considerations for beams are displacement and vibration.
Traditionally, the maximum deflections of floor beams have been limited to $ of the span under the
service live load specified in the governing building code. Depending on the use of the member and
its span, other deflection criteria (stated in inches or in fractions of the span) may be more
appropriate. Formulas for maximum beam deflections under various loading conditions are given in
many textbooks on engineering mechanics and in the AISC LRFD Manual, Part 3, under the
heading Beam Diagrams and Formulas. The most common beam loadings are shown here in Table
5-2, together with the resulting maximum shears, moments, and deflections.

Table 5-2 Beam Formulas

Loading Condition Maximum Value Location

Simple beam-uniform load


wl2
M:T Midspan

v =*l2 Ends

5wlo
A:- Midspan
384E1

Simple beam--concentrated load at center

l" M:PI Midspan


I 4

t lt2
4.
l/2 .l
v:! 2
Ends

P13
Midspan
M 48EI
50 COMPACT BEAMS AND OTHER FLEXURAL MEMBERS lcHAP. 5

Table S-2-contd.

Loadine Condition Maximum Value Location

Simple beam----concentrated load at any point

M =Pob Point of load


I
v =Po Right end
a)b I
_Pab(a +2b)\6;@ +2b) a(a + 2b)
^
27EII -t

Cantilever beam-uniform load

M:-w12
2
Fixed end

V=wl Fixed end


a=-8EI
WT
Free end

Cantilever beam--concentrated load at free end

M: Pl Fixed end
l" V:P Fixed end
P13
Free end
3EI

Beams that are otherwise satisfactory have occasionally been the cause of annoying floor
vibrations. Particularly sensitive are large open floor areas with long-span beams, free of partitions
and other significant sources of damping, or energy release. To prevent excessive vibration it has
been customary to specify the minimum depth of floor beams as a fraction (e.g., *) of their span.
Another approach is to perform a simplified dynamic analysis. The subject of structural dynamics is
beyond the scope of this text. Information on beam vibrations is available in several published
journal papers. including:

T. M. Murray, "Acceptability Criterion for Occupant-Induced Floor Vibrations," AISC


Engineering Journal, 2d Quarter, 1981.
T. M. Murray, "Design to Prevent Floor Vibrations," AISC Engineering Journal, 3d Quarter,
t975.

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