Professional Documents
Culture Documents
DifferentForms?
Inthealphabetletterscanbewrittenindifferentways,eitherinlowercaseoruppercaseandeventhough
thelettersmaylookdifferenttheletterstillmeansthesamething.Forexample,ifwetaketheletterM,it
canbewrittenasMorm,butwhentheletterisusedinawordtheletterstillhasthesamemeaningor
sound.Thesamethingcanbedonewithexponentialequations.Exponentialequationscanbewrittenin
logarithmicform andalthoughtheequationswilllookdifferent,theequationsstillhavethesamemeaning.
Whatisa Logarithm?
Todiscusswhatalogarithmis,weneedtotakealookatanexponentialfunction.So,letsstartwitha
genericexponentialfunction,sayy=bx.Ifwedrawthegraphoftheexponentialfunction,wewillgetone
oftwopossiblegraphs.Ifb>1,thenthegraphcreatedwillbeexponentialgrowth.If0<b<1,thenthe
graphcreatedwillbeexponentialdecay.Bothgraphsareshownbelow.
Lookingatthegraphsshownabove,wecanseethatnohorizontallinecanbedrawnthatwouldintersectthe
graphoftheexponentialfunctionsatmorethanonepoint.Thismeansthatexponentialfunctionsareoneto
onefunctionsandonetoonefunctionsmusthaveaninverse.So,letstryandfindtheinverseofan
exponentialfunction,f(x)=bx.Herearethestepsforfindingtheinversefunction.
Step1:Doesthefunctionhaveaninverse? Yes,fromaboveweknowthatexponentialfunctionsare
onetoonefunctionsandonetoonefunctionshave
inverses.
Step2:Changef(x)toy. y=bx
Step3:Switchxandy. x=by
Step4:Solvefory. Thisiswheretheproblemarises.Uptothispoint,wedo
nothaveawaytosolvethistypeof problemandthisis
wherelogarithmscomefrom.Theneedtosolvethe
problemx=by,fory.
Logarithmswerecreatedbecausethereneededtobeawaytosolvetheproblemx=by.Otherwise,
exponentialfunctionswouldnothaveaninverseandsinceexponentialfunctionsareonetoonetheymust
haveaninverse.Basically,logarithmicfunctionsaretheinverseofexponentialfunctions.
DefinitionofLogarithms
Logarithmswerecreatedtobetheinverseofanexponentialfunction.Togiveustheabilitytosolvethe
problem x=by fory.Thisledtothedefinitionshownbelow.
DefinitionofaLogarithm
Atfirstglancethisdefinitiondoesnotmakealotofsense,butrememberwhatwesaidearlieraboutthe
letterM,itcanbewrittenasMormandtheybothmeanthesamething.So,letslookathowthisidea
appliestothedefinitionofalogarithm.Thedefinitionofalogarithmgivesustheabilitytowriteanequation
twodifferentwaysandeventhoughthesetwoequationslookdifferent,bothequationshavethesame
meaning.
Donotspendtoomuchtimetryingtounderstandthemeaningofthedifferentequations.Allyoureally
needtoknowisthatalogarithmicfunctionistheinverseofanexponentialfunctionandall
exponentialequationscanbewritteninlogarithmicform.
ChangingfromExponentialFormtoLogarithmicForm
Tolearnhowtochangeanequationfromexponentialformtologarithmicform,letslookataspecific
example.Considertheexponentialequation5x =25,whatwouldthisequationlooklikeinlogarithmic
form? Theequation5x =25wouldbecomex =log 5 25, readx equalslogbase5of 25.
Tochangefromexponentialformtologarithmicform,identifythebaseoftheexponentialequation
andmovethebasetotheothersideoftheequalsignandaddthewordlog.Donotmoveanything
butthebase,theothernumbersorvariableswillnotchangesides.
ExamplesNowletslookatsomemoreexamplesofhowtochangefromexponentialformtologarithmic
form.
Example1:Writetheexponentialequation 43 =64inlogarithmicform.
Inthisexample,thebaseis4andthebasemovedfromthe
leftsideoftheexponentialequationtotherightsideofthe
logarithmicequation andtheword logwasadded.
Example2:Writetheexponentialequation 6x =53inlogarithmicform.
Inthisexample,thebaseis6andthebasemovedfromthe
leftsideoftheexponentialequationtotherightsideofthe
logarithmicequation andthewordlogwasadded.
Example3:Writetheexponentialequationx5 =73inlogarithmicform.
Inthisexample,thebaseisx andthebasemovedfromthe
leftsideoftheexponentialequationtotherightsideofthe
logarithmicequation andthewordlogwasadded.
Example4:Writetheexponentialequation98=7y inlogarithmicform.
Inthisexample,thebaseis7andthebasemovedfromthe
rightsideoftheexponentialequationtotheleftsideofthe
logarithmicequation andthewordlogwasadded.
Example5:Writetheexponentialequation37=y5 inlogarithmicform.
Inthisexample,thebaseisy andthebasemovedfromthe
rightsideoftheexponentialequationtotheleftsideofthe
logarithmicequation andthewordlogwasadded.
AdditionExamples
Ifyouwouldliketoseemoreexamplesofchangingfromexponentialformtologarithmicform,justclick
onthelinkbelow.
Additional Examples
PracticeProblems
Nowitisyourturntotryafewpracticeproblemsonyourown.Workoneachoftheproblemsbelowand
thenclickonthelinkattheendtocheckyouranswers.
Problem2:Writetheexponentialequation 9x =88inlogarithmicform.
Problem6:Writetheexponentialequation 74 =x inlogarithmicform.
SolutionstoPracticeProblems