Assignment_7

8.36 A thick-walled, stainless steel (AISI 316) pipe of inside and outside diameters Di
=20mm and Do=40mm is heated electrically to provide a uniform heat generation rate
.
of q = 10 6 W / m 3 . The outer surface of the pipe is insulated, while water flows through
.
the pipe at a rate of m = 0.1kg / s.
(a) If the water inlet temperature is Tm,I = 20oC and the desired outlet temperature is
Tm,o = 40oC, what is the required pipe length?
(b) What are the location and value of the maximum pipe temperature?
8.40 An air heater for an industrial application consists of an insulated, concentric tube
annulus, for which air flows through a thin-walled inner tube. Saturated steam flows
through the outer annulus, and condensation of the steam maintains a uniform
temperature Ts on the tube surface.
Consider conditions for which air enters a 50-mm-diameter tube at a pressure of 5 atm, a
.
temperature of Tm,I = 17oC and a flow rate of m = 0.03kg / s , while saturated steam at
2.455 bars condenses on the outer surface of the tube. If the length of the annulus is
L=5m, what are the outlet temperature Tm,o and pressure po of the air? What if the mass
rate at which condensate leaves the annulus?
8.50 A common procedure for cooling a high-performance
computer chip involves joining the chip to a
heat sink within which circular micro channels
are machined. During operation, the chip
produces a uniform heat flux q c" at its interface
with the heat sink, while a liquid coolant
(water) is routed through the channels.
Consider a square chip and heat sink, each
LL on a side, with micro channels of
diameter D and pitch S=C1D, where the
constant C1 is greater than unity. Water is
supplied at an inlet temperature Tm,i and a total
.
mass flow rate m (for the entire heat sink).

(a) Assuming that q c" is dispersed in the heat sink such that a uniform heat flux q s" is
maintained at the surface of each channel, obtain expressions for the longitudinal
distributions of the fluid, Tm(x), and surface, Ts(x), temperatures in each channel.
Assume laminar, fully developed flow throughout each channel, and express your
.
results in terms of m, q c" , C1 , D, and/or L, as well as appropriate thermo physical
properties.
(b) For L = 12 mm, D = 1 mm, C1 = 2, qc" = 20W / cm 2 , m& = 0.010 kg / s, and Tm,i= 290 K,
compute and plot the temperature distributions Tm(x) and Ts(x).
(c) A common objective in designing such heat sinks is to maximize q c" while
maintaining the heat sink at an acceptable temperature. Subject to prescribed values
of L=12 mm and Tm,I = 290 K and the constraint that Ts , max 50 o C , explore the
effect on q c" of variations in heat sink design and operating conditions.
8.81 A double-wall heat exchanger is used to transfer heat between liquids flowing through
semicircular copper tubes. Each tube has a wall thickness of t=3mm and an inner radius
of ri = 20mm, and good contact is maintained at the plane surfaces by tightly wound
straps. The tube outer surfaces are well insulated.

(a) If hot and cold water at mean temperatures of Thm = 330 K and Tc,m= 290K flow
. .
through the adjoining tubes at . m h = m c = 0.2kg / s, what is the rate of heat transfer
per unit length of tube? The wall contact resistance is to 10 5 m 2 .K / W .
Approximate the properties of both the hot and cold water as
= 800 10 6 kg / s.m, k = 0.625w / m.K , and Pr=5.35. Hint: Heat transfer is
enhanced by conduction through the semicircular portions of the tube walls, and
each portion may be subdivided into two straight fins with adiabatic tips.
(b) Using the thermal model developed for part (a), determine the heat transfer rate per
unit length when the fluids are ethylene glycol. Also, what effect will fabricating
the exchanger from an aluminum alloy have on the heat rate? Will increasing the
thickness of the tube walls have a beneficial effect?

9.6 Consider a large vertical plate with a uniform surface temperature of 130oC suspended
in quiescent air at 25oC and atmospheric pressure.
(a) Estimate the boundary layer thickness at a location 0.25 m measured from the lower
edge.
(b) What is the maximum velocity in the boundary layer at this location and at what
position in the boundary layer does the maximum occur?
(c) Using the similarity solution result, Equation 9.19, determine the heat transfer
coefficient 0.25 m from the lower edge.
(d) At what location on the plate measured from the lower edge will the boundary layer
become turbulent?
9.30 Air at 3 atm and 100oC is discharged from a
compressor into a vertical receiver of 2.5-m
height and 0.75-m diameter. Assume that the
receiver wall has negligible thermal
resistance, is at a uniform temperature, and
that heat transfer at its inner and outer
surfaces is by free convection from a vertical
plate. Neglect radiation exchange and any
losses from the top.
 (a) Estimate the receiver wall temperature and the heat transfer to the ambient air at
25oC. To facilitate use of the free convection correlations with appropriate film
temperatures, assume that the receiver wall temperature is 60oC.
(b) Were the assumed film temperature of part (a) reasonable? If not, use an iteration
procedure to find consistent values.
(c) Now consider two features of the receiver neglected in the previous analysis: (i)
radiation exchange from the exterior surface of emissivity 0.85 to large
surroundings, also at 25oC; and (ii) the thermal resistance of a 20-,, thick wall with
a thermal conductivity of 0.25 W/m.K. Represent the system by a thermal circuit
and estimate the wall temperatures and the heat transfer rate.

9.71 Long stainless steel rods of 50-mm diameter are preheated to a uniform temperature of
1000K before being suspended from an overhead conveyor for transport to a hot forming
operation. The conveyor is in a large room whose walls and air are at 300 K.

(a) Assuming the linear motion of the rod to have a negligible effect on convection heat
transfer from its surface, determine the average convection coefficient at the start of
the transport process.
(b) If the surface emissivity of the rod is = 0.40, what is the effective radiation heat
transfer coefficient at the start of the transport process?
(c) Assuming a constant cumulative (radiation plus convection) heat transfer coefficient
corresponding to the results of parts (a) and (b), what is the maximum allowable
conveyor transit time, if the centerline temperature of the rod must exceed 900K for
the forming operation? Properties of the steel are k=25 W/m.K and = 52 10-6 m2/s.
10.11 A nickel-coated heater element with a thickness of 15mm and a thrmal conductivity of
50 W/m.K7 is exposed to saturated water at atmospheric pressure. A thermocouple is
attached to the back surface, which is well insulated. Measurements at a particular operating
condition yield an electrical power dissipation in the heater element at 6.950 107W/m3 and a
temperature of To=266.4oC.

(a) From the foregoing data, calculate the surface temperature, Ts, and the heat flux at the
exposed surface.
 (b) Using the surface heat flux determined in part (a), estimate the surface temperature by
applying an appropriate boiling correlation.
10.23 A silicon chip of thickness L=2.5-mm and thermal conductivity ks = 135 W/m. K is
cooled by boiling a saturated fluorocarbon liquid (Tsat= 57oC) on its surface. The electronic
circuits on the bottom of the chip produce a uniform heat flux of q o" = 5 10 4 w / m 2 , while
the sides of the chip are perfectly insulated.

Properties of the saturated fluorocarbon are Cp,I=1100J/kg.K, hfg =84,400J/kg, pi =1619.2

kg/m2, pu=13.4kg/m3, = 8.1 10 3 kg / s 2 , I =44010-6kg/m.s, and Pri =9.01. In addition,
the nucleate boiling constants are Cs,f = 0.005 and n=1.7.
(a) What is the steady-state temperature To at the bottom of the chip? If, during testing of
the chip, q o" is increased to 90% of the critical heat flux, what is the new steady-state
value of To?
(b) Compute and plot the chip curface temperature (top and bottom) as a function of heat
flux for 0.20 q o" / q max
"
0.90 . If the maximum allowable chip temperature is 80oC,
what is the maximum allowable value of q o" ?
10.27 A steel bar, 20mm in diameter and 200 mm long with an emissivity of 0.9, is removed
from a furnace at 455oC and suddenly submerged in a water bath under atmospheric
pressure. Estimate the initial heat transfer rate from the bar.