Shahyian Maknajia

ISM 7th period

"General Anesthesia: General Considerations, Preparation for General Anesthesia, The

Process of Anesthesia." General Anesthesia: General Considerations, Preparation

for General Anesthesia, The Process of Anesthesia. WebMD, 06 Jan. 2017. Web.

25 Mar. 2017.

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1271543-overview#a4

Propofol, a nonbarbiturate intravenous anesthetic, has displaced barbiturates in

many anesthesia practices.
The use of propofol is associated with less postoperative nausea and vomiting and
a more rapid, clear-headed recovery.
In addition to being an excellent induction agent, propofol can be administered by
slow intravenous infusion instead of vapor to maintain the anesthesia.
Among its disadvantages are the facts that it often causes pain on injection and
that it is prepared in a lipid emulsion, which, if not handled using meticulous
aseptic precautions, can be a medium for rapid bacterial growth.
Succinylcholine, a rapid-onset, short-acting depolarizing muscle relaxant, has
traditionally been the drug of choice when rapid muscle relaxation is needed.
These are highly potent chlorofluorocarbons, which are delivered with precision
from vaporizers and directly into the patient's inhaled gas stream.
They may be mixed with nitrous oxide, a much weaker but nonetheless useful
anesthetic gas.
Premedication is the first stage of a general anesthetic.
The goal of premedication is to have the patient arrive in the operating room in a
calm, relaxed frame of mind.
Most patients do not want to have any recollection of entering the operating room.

Morphine, meperidine, and hydromorphone are widely used in anesthesia.

In addition, anesthesia providers have at their disposal a range of synthetic

opioids, which, in general, cause less fluctuation in blood pressure and are shorter
acting.

Relaxants have durations of action ranging from 15 minutes 1 hour.

In the 1980s, it was displaced by isoflurane and enflurane, agents that were
cleared from the lungs faster and thus were associated with more rapid anesthetic
emergences.
 In the late 1990s, desflurane and sevoflurane came into use. These inhaled
anesthetics are much more maneuverable.

This source was informational. It talked about the positioning of the patients body before
the anesthesia, common drugs that are used in anesthesia, the process of anesthesia, etc.