DL T 5174

ICS 27.
100
P61
DL
File No.: J223-2003
Power Industry Standard of the Peoples Republic of China
P DL/T 5174 --- 2003
Design Rule for Combined-cycle Power Plants
Issued on Jan. 9, 2003 Effective on June 1, 2003
Issued by
State Economic Trade Committee of the Peoples Republic of China
Table of Contents
Preface
1 Scope
2 Normative Reference Codes
3 General Provisions
4 Plant Site Selection
5 General Planning
5.1 General requirements
5.2 Plant area exterior planning
5.3 Plant area planning
6 Layout of Main Factory Building
6.2 Modes of Layout
6.3 Layout of gas turbines and auxiliary equipment
6.4 Layout of heat recovery boilers and auxiliary equipment
6.5 Layout of Turbines
6.6 Control room
6.7 Maintenance and overhaul
7 Fuel Supply Equipment and System
7.1 Fuel and fuel treatment
7.2 Natural gas system and equipment
8 Gas Turbine Equipment and System
8.1 Gas turbine equipment
8.2 System
9 Heat Recovery Boilers and System
9.1 Heat recovery boiler equipment
9.2 Fume system
9.3 Water supply system
9.4 Blowdown and steam exhaust system
10 Steam Turbine Equipment and System
10.1 Steam turbine equipment
10.2 System and auxiliary equipment
11 Chemical Treatment Equipment and System
11.1 Desalting treatment of feed water
11.2 Fuel oil treated with vanadium inhibitor
11.3 Feedwater, boiler water correction treatment and steam sampling in
thermodynamic system
11.4 Circulating cooling water treatment
11.5 Preservation
12. Thermal Process Automation
12.2 Thermal automation level
12.3 Mode of control and control room
12.4 Thermal detection
12.5 Thermal protection
12.6 Control of thermal switching quantity and interlock
12.7 Control of thermal analog quantity
12.8 Thermal warning
12.9 Decentralized control system of units
12.10 Monitoring and information management system at the factory level
13 Electrical Equipment and System
13.1 Generator and main transformer
13.2 Main electric wiring
13.3 Auxiliary power system
13.4 DC system
13.5 High voltage power distribution devices
13.6 Electrical control building
13.7 Electric measurement instruments
13.8 Secondary wiring
13.9 Lighting system
13.10 Cable selection and laying
13.11 Other electrical facilities
14 Water Supply Facilities and System
14.1 Water management
14.3 Water intake structures and pump room
14.4 Pipeline and trench
15 Auxiliary and Accessory Equipment
16 Building and Structure
16.2 Factory building
16.3 Factory building structure
16.4 Buildings
17 Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
17.2 Gas turbine factory building
17.3 Various fuel/oil buildings
18 Environmental Protection
18.2 Prevention and treatment of air pollution
18.3 Waste water treatment
18.4 Prevention and treatment of noise
18.5 Environmental protection monitoring and management
19 Labor Safety and Industrial Sanitation
20 Fire Protection
20.2 Fire protection for the gas turbine equipment
20.3 Fixed fire extinguishers
Appendix A (Normative appendix) Provisions on the Starting Point for the
Calculation of Fire Break
Interpretation of Clauses
Preface
In accordance with the circular (DL [1999] No. 40) by Electric Power Department of
State Economic Trade Committee concerning confirmation of revision projects of
power industry standards issued in 1998, the standard Design Rule for Combined-
cycle Power Plants, as the complement of Technical Code for Design of Thermal
Power Plants numbered DL5000-2000, has been worked out.
Appendix A in the standard is a normative appendix.
The standard was put forward by and administered by the Power Planning & Design
Standardization Technique Committee of Electric Power Industry.
The standard is drafted with Huadong Power Design Institute as the chief editor, and
with Xinan Power Design Institute as the co-editor.
The main drafters of the standard includes: Wu Bangben, Pan Xiliang, Yuan Yin, Liu
Kaihua, Fu Huanxing, Chen Cunen, Zhu Yingzhen, Chen Weixing, Zou Changquan,
Yang Jinzhu, Yang Zhaoyuan, Xu Biao, Li Xiaojian, Gu Chenglong, Shao Jiren, Shi
Huabiao, Liao Neiping, Wang Wei.
Huadong Power Design Institute is responsible for interpretation of the clauses in the
standard.
1 Scope
The standard has specified design principles and construction standards for combined-
cycle power plants.
The standard is applicable to the newly built and expanded simple cycle, combined-
cycle power plants with the standard rated output of gas turbines being 25MW ~
250MW, and can be referential for the gas turbine power plants and combined thermal
power generation set & gas turbine power plants with the standard rated output of gas
turbines being 25MW.
2 Normative Reference Codes
The clauses of the following files have become those of the standard through citation
by the standard. The subsequent all revision lists (not including correction contents)
or revised editions of all the reference files that have been dated are not applicable to
this standard. However, it is encouraged that all parties reaching an agreement based
on the standard make a study of whether or not the latest version of these files can be
used. The latest version of all the referenced files that have not been dated is
applicable to this standard.
GB 150 Steel Pressure Ships

GB 3095 Environmental Air Quality Standard
GB 3096 Urban Regional Environment Noise Standard
GB 4053.1 Safety Technique Conditions for Fixed Steel Vertical Ladders
GB 4053.2 Safety Technique Conditions for Fixed Steel Inclined Ladders
GB 4053.3 Safety Technique Conditions for Fixed Industrial Guard Rails
GB 4053.4 Fixed Industrial Steel Platforms
GB/ T4064 Guideline for Safety Design of Electrical Equipment
GB 5083 General Principles for Safety and Sanitation Design of Production
Equipment
GB/ T7064 Technical Requirements for Turbine-type Synchromotors
GB/ T7409 Synchromotor Excitation Systems
GB 8196 Safety Requirements for Protective Covers of Mechanical Equipment
GB 12348 Factory Boundary Noise Standard for Industrial Enterprises
GB 13223 Atmospheric Pollutant Discharge Standard for Power Plants
GB/T14099 Procurement of Gas Turbines
GB 14285 Technical Code for Protective Relay Devices and Automatic Safety
Devices
GB 50011 Code for Design of Anti-seism of Buildings
GB/T50033 Design Standard for Lighting of Industrial Enterprises
GB 50040 Code for Design of Dynamic Machine Foundations
GB 50046 Design Code for Anticorrosion of Industrial Buildings
GB 50046-1994 Code for Design of Small Power Plants
GB 50057 Code for Design of Lightning Protection of Buildings
GB 50058 Code for Design of Electrical Equipment in Explosion and Fire
Danger Environments
GB50060 Code for Design of 3~110kV High-voltage Power Distribution
Equipment
GB 50062 Code for Design of Relay Protection and Automatic Devices of
Electrical Equipment
GB 50183 Code for Design of Fire Protection of Crude Oil and Natural Gas
Engineering
GB 50191 Code for Design of Anti-seism of Structures
GB 50192 Code for Design of River Harbor Projects
GB 50217 Code for Design of Electrical Cables of Power Engineering
GB 50222 Code for Design of Interior Decoration Fire Protection of Buildings
GB 50229 Code for Design of Fire Protection of Power Plants and Transformer
Substations
GB 50251 Gas Pipework Design Code
GB 50260 Code for Design of Anti-seism of Electrical Facilities
GBJ12 Code for Design of Full Gauge Railways of Industrial Enterprises
GBJ16-1987 (2001 version) Code for Design of Fire Protection of Buildings
GBJ19 Code for Design of Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning
GBJ22 Code for Design of Plant Roads
GBJ65 Code for Earthing Design of Industrial and Civil Electrical Equipment
GBJ74 Petroleum Storage Design Code
GBJ87 Code for Design of Noise Control of Industrial Enterprises
GBJ101 Building Stair Module Coordination Standard
GBZ1 Industrial Enterprise Sanitation Design Standard
GB3082 Quality Standard for Sewage Discharged into City Sewers
DL 408 Electric Utility Safety Working Instructions
DL 612 Code for Supervision and Inspection of Boiler Pressure Ships of Power
Engineering
DL /T620 Overvoltage Protection and Insulation Coordination of AC Electrical
Equipment
DL /T621 Earthing of AC Electrical Equipment
DL /T650 Technical Conditions for Static Excitation Systems with Self Shunt
Excitation of Large Steam Turbo Generators
DL /T843 Technical Conditions for AC Exciter Excitation Systems of Large Steam
Turbo Generators
DL 5000-2000 Technical Code for Design of Power Plants
DL 5003 Technical Code for Dispatching Automation Design of Power Systems
DL 5007 Technical Code for Electrical Construction and Acceptance (power
plant welding part)
DL5022 Technical Code for Design of Civil Engineering Structures of Power
Plants
DL /T5029 Power Plant Building Fitting-up Design Standard
DL 5031 Technical Code for Electrical Construction and Acceptance (pipeline
part)
DL /T5035 Technical Regulations for Design of Heating, Ventilation and Air-
conditioning of Power Plants
DL 5053 Code for Design of Labor Security and Industrial Hygiene of Power
Plants
DL /T5072 Design Specification for Insulating Paint for Power Plants
DL /T5094 Design Specification for Building of Power Plants
DL /T5095 Technical Regulations for Design of Main Building Loads of Power
Plants
JB /T8953.2 Procurement of Combined-cycle Equipment (steam turbines)
JB /T8953.3 Procurement of Combined-cycle Equipment (heat recovery boilers)
JTJ 211 Seaport Site Planning Code
SDJ5 Technical Regulations for Design of High Voltage Distribution
Equipment
SY 0007 Code for Design of Corrosion Control Works of Steel Pipelines and
Storage Tanks
SY /T0466 Code for Construction and Acceptance of Natural Gas Gathering and
Transmission Pipelines
3 General Provisions
3.0.1 Gas turbine power plants are generally classified into simple cycle and fuel gas
steam combined-cycle (referred to as combined-cycle in brief) power plants
(hereinafter referred to as gas turbine power plants unitedly).
3.0.2 The standard mainly expounds design clauses related to gas turbine power plant
characteristics. Other parts shall be in accordance with the provisions in DL5000.
3.0.3 The role of gas turbine power plants in an electric network shall be determined
in accordance with resource conditions and electric network plan. An overall point of
view must be established in the planning and design of gas turbine power plants, and
technical economic comparison shall be conducted so as to obtain maximum
comprehensive economic benefits through reasonable investment.
3.0.4 The design of gas turbine power plants must be made in accordance with capital
construction procedures specified by the country. The approval procedures of design
documentation shall be completed in accordance with the specified contents and
degree of depth.
3.0.5 The construction of gas turbine power plants is characterized by short cycle, low
initial investment, and little land occupation. In addition, gas turbine power plants
have superiority in water saving, environmental protection, generating efficiency and
load peaking etc., and can be built near loads or towns. When there are high
requirements for environmental protection or oil and gas fuels are practicable and
reasonable through technical economy comparison, it is preferred to build combined-
cycle power plants.
3.0.6 For the complete set of imported equipment and the project employing the
introduced technique to manufacture major equipment, the technical requirements
specified in the standard shall be met when adopting international universal standards
and the standards of the suppliers country.
3.0.7 The heat recovery boilers in the standard are those of non-afterburning type.
3.0.8 The newly built, expanded or remodeled gas turbine power plants can employ
gas fuels (including natural gas, liquefied natural gas (LNG) etc.), and liquefied
petroleum gas (LPG) etc.) or liquid fuels (including light oil, heavy oil and crude oil
etc.).
3.0.9 Through technical economic comparison, firstly build up simple cycle gas
turbine power plants and then combined-cycle ones in accordance with fund
determination conditions and regional electric network load requirements or under the
condition of small annual utilization hours of generator sets. In the design, the
possibility of building up combined-cycle power plants and their expansion according
to the planned capacity shall not be excluded.
3.0.10 When there is a need for heat supply and technical economic conditions are
suitable, combined thermal power generation of gas turbine power plants shall be
taken into account preferentially. The generator set selection and system setup shall be
in accordance with combined thermal power generation.
3.0.11 The design of gas turbine power plants must comply with relevant national
laws and regulations. Feasible measures shall be taken to reduce impacts of waste gas,
waste water and noise discharged from power plants on environment. The discharge
of various deleterious wastes must conform to relevant regulations on environmental
protection, labor security and industrial hygiene.
The pollution prevention, labor security and industrial hygiene engineering facilities
and the main part of project must be simultaneously designed, constructed and put
into production.
3.0.12 The anti-seism design of gas turbine power plants must follow the guideline
Prevention First. For the gas turbine power plants required to be fortified as
specified, the technological and civil engineering design must conform to relevant
anti-seism design codes, and effective anti-seism shock absorption measures shall be
taken.
3.0.13 On the premise of ensuring safety operation and reasonable technical economy,
it is preferred to resort to adjacent social capabilities to build public utilities of gas
turbine power plants so as to reduce initial investment or personnel.
3.0.14 The design of gas turbine power plants shall still conform to the provisions in
relevant current national standards and industry standards.
4 Plant Site Selection
4.0.1 The gas turbine power plant site selection shall be comprehensively considered
in accordance with the factors such as power planning, natural gas pipe network plan,
fuel supply conditions, city (town) planning, water source, relation with adjacent
industrial and mining enterprises, regional natural conditions, traffics, environmental
protection and construction program and so on.
4.0.2 It is preferred to utilize non-cultivable lands and badlands in the plant site
selection to reduce earthwork workload.
4.0.3 It is strictly forbidden that the plant site is selected in the regions where
landslides and karsts are developmental highly or earthquake rift zones and the
seismic areas of more than Magnitude 9 basic intensity of earthquake. The plant site
shall keep away from the areas such as major natural protection areas and cultural
relics etc., as well as the land sections where crags, creeping rubbles and mud-rock
flow exist.
4.0.4 The plant site shall keep away from the regions where air is often seriously
polluted by suspended solid particle.
4.0.5 During plant site selection the transportation conditions for fuels and large
equipment shall be ascertained.
The site selection of the gas turbine power plants employing natural gas shall be in
accordance with natural gas pipe network planning and natural gas transmission
station layout so as to make gas pipeline length short and connection convenient.
4.0.6 During plant site selection, outlet conditions shall be taken into consideration
fully, and enough outlet galleries shall be reserved in accordance with the
requirements in the gas turbine power plant planning.
4.0.7 The noise level in the boundary of the plant area shall conform to the provisions
in GB 12348 and GB 3096.
5 General Planning

5.1.1 Overall planning shall be made for plant area, construction area, water area
water front, traffic and outlet galleries etc in the general plan of gas turbine power
plants in accordance with the town planning and the approved plan capacity.
5.1.2 The used lands in the general plan of gas turbine power plants must be
economized. The plant area land use scope shall be determined according to the
planned capacity. The lands shall be expropriated by stages and batches in accordance
with the engineering construction demand.
5.1.3 The general plan of gas turbine power plants shall conform to the environmental
protection requirements to protect soil and water resources and to prevent water and
soil loss.

5.2.1 The planning of the water supply and sewage facilities outside gas turbine
power plants shall be conducted unitedly, implemented by stages and coordinated
with the adjacent enterprise water front planning in accordance with the requirements
of the planned capacity, water source, topography, geology and environmental
protection etc.
5.2.2 The gas turbine power plants gallery width that is planned unitedly in
accordance with the planned capacity shall be in coordination with the general plan of
the plant area.
5.2.3 The fuel transportation mode outside gas turbine power plants shall be
reasonably selected from pipeline, highway, water transportation and railway in
accordance with local conditions.
5.2.4 The dedicated natural gas pipelines of gas turbine power plants shall be buried
directly or laid overhead, and shall conform to the requirements in relevant fire
control codes.
5.2.5 The fuel oil and natural gas pipeline galleries of a gas turbine power plant shall
be reasonably planned in accordance with the fuel oil pipeline, natural gas pipe
network plan and the natural gas transmission station layout, and shall conform to
town planning. The fire control space (see Appendix A for details, the same below)
between the buried crude oil pipelines outside the plant and buildings (structures)
shall conform to the regulations in Table 5.2.5-1. For the surface laid crude oil
pipelines, it is preferred that the space is increased by 50% in accordance with the
regulations in Table 5.2.5-1. The fire control space between the buried natural gas
pipelines outside the plant and buildings (structures) shall conform to the regulations
in Table 5.2.5-2. For the surface laid natural gas pipelines, it is preferred that the space
is increased by 50% in accordance with the regulations in Table 5.2.5-2.
Table 5.2.5-1 Fire Break between the Buried Crude Oil Pipelines outside the
Plant and Buildings (Structures)
Nominal Pipe Residential areas of over 100 persons, Non-combustible material Highway
Railway m
Minefield highway m
pressure diameter villages and small towns, public stockyards, storehouses,
National trunk m
Mpa mm welfare facilities, industrial and non domestic buildings
mining enterprises, major hydraulic with the building area less
structures, material warehouses than 500m2
m m
PN 2.5 DN 200 10 5 10 5 3
DN > 200 15
PN > 25 DN 200 20
DN > 200 25
Note 1: The mixed transmission pipelines of crude oil and oilfield gas shall be in accordance with the crude oil
pipelines.
Note 2: When the fire control spacing cannot meet the requirements due to being limited by line direction of
strike or special conditions, the crude oil pipelines can be buried under the minefield highway
shoulder. When the pipeline pressure is more than 1.6Mpa, protective measures shall be taken.
Note 3: For the fire control space between the local pipeline section and the residential areas, villages and small
towns of different population, public welfare facilities, industrial and mining enterprises, major
hydraulic buildings (structures) and material warehouses (not including combustible and explosive
ones), the measures of reducing permissible stress and using the design coefficient of less than 1 to
increase pipeline wall thickness can be taken when the environmental conditions cannot reach the
regulations in the table.
For the pipe sections passing through the residential areas of more than 100 persons, the spacing can be
decreased by 50% in accordance with the regulations in the table when the design coefficient is taken
as 0.6. For the pipe sections passing through the scattered residential areas of less than 100 persons,
the spacing can be decreased by 50% in accordance with the regulations in the table.
Table 5.2.5-2 Fire Break between the Buried Natural Gas Pipelines outside the
Plant and Buildings (Structures)
Pipe diameter Residential areas Non Highway 10kV Buried cables,
Railway m
Nominal pressure Mpa
Overhead power lines and Grade 1 overhead communication

National trunk m
mm of over 100 combustible overhead communication
Minefield highway m
lines of 35kV and above parallel to the pipelines m

persons, villages material power lines cables and other
and small towns, stockyards, parallel to buried pipelines
public welfare storehouses, the (except for what
facilities, non domestic pipelines can be in the
industrial and buildings with m same ditch
mining the building technically) that
enterprises, major area less than are not in the
2
hydraulic 500m same ditch and
structures, m are parallel to
material the pipelines
warehouses m
m
PN 2.5 DN < 200 15 5 5 5 3 10 8 5

200 DN400 30
DN > 400 40
1.6< PN 4.0 DN < 200 20 8 10 8 5 15 10 8
200 DN400 40
DN > 400 60
PN > 4.0 DN < 200 25 10 15 10 8 20 15 10
200 DN400 50
DN > 400 75
Note 1: The mixed transmission pipelines of natural gas and condensate can be in accordance with the natural gas pipelines. The liquefied
petroleum gas and natural gas condensate liquid pipelines all are in accordance with the natural gas pipelines.
Note 2: When the fire control spacing cannot meet the requirements due to being limited by line direction of strike or special conditions, the
crude oil pipelines can be buried in the minefield highway shoulder. When the pipeline pressure is less than 1.6Mpa, the
permissible stress design coefficient shall be reduced and taken to be 0.6; when the pressure is more than 1.6Mpa, the design
coefficient shall be taken as 0.5.
Note 3: When the fire control space between the local pipeline section or the one buried in the road shoulder and the residential areas,
villages and small towns of different population, public welfare facilities, industrial and mining enterprises, major hydraulic
buildings (structures) and material warehouses (not including combustible and explosive ones) cannot meet the requirement
specified in the table due to being limited by the environmental conditions, the measures of reducing the design coefficient and
increasing pipeline wall thickness can be taken in accordance with the provisions in GB 50251.
5.2.6 For the power plants where fuel oil is transported mainly through waterway, the
oil product wharf planning shall conform to JTJ211, GB50192 and relevant fire
control requirements. The safe distance between the oil product wharfs and other
goods wharfs in a seaport shall conform to the regulations in Table 5.2.6-1. The safe
distance between the petroleum wharfs and the other wharfs, or buildings and
structures in a river harbor shall conform to the regulations in Table 5.2.6-2.
Table 5.2.6-1 Safe Distance between the Oil Product Wharfs and Other Goods
Wharfs in a Seaport (m)
Oil product type Safe distance
A (flash point < 28C) 150
B (28C flash point < 60C)
C (flash point 60C) 50
Note 1: The safe distance is referred to as the clear distance between the head and the stern of the
designed ships mooring at the oil product wharfs near other goods wharfs.
Note 2: When layout is difficult due to being limited by conditions, the safe distance can be
decreased, but necessary safety measures shall be taken.
Table 5.2.6-2 Safe Distance between the Oil Product Wharfs and the Other
Wharfs, or Buildings and Structures (m)
Oil product wharf position Oil product type Safe distance
River reaches with reversing current A, B 300
C 200
Other wharfs or downstream of buildings A, B 150
and structures C 100
Other wharfs or upstream of buildings A, B 300
and structures C 200
Anchor ground for large fleets, stationary A, B, C 1000
mooring sites, upstream of city water
source catchments
Note 1: For the wharfs where oil tankers or barges of less than 500t cargo tonnage are moored, the
safe distance can be decreased by 50%.
Note 2: When layout is difficult due to being limited by conditions, the safe distance can be
decreased, but necessary safety measures shall be taken.
5.2.7 The fire break between the front edge of an oil product wharf and an oil tank in
a river harbor shall conform to the regulations in Table 5.2.7.
Table 5.2.7 Fire Break between the Front Edge of An Oil Product Wharf and An
Oil Tank in a River Harbor (m)
Oil product type Oil tank capacity Overhead tankers
< 1000 m 3
1001 m ~ 5000 m
3 3
> 5000 m 3
A, B 35 40 50 15
C 30 30 35 15
Note: For the floating roof tanks or internal floating roof tanks, vertical fixed roof tanks storing type
C oil products, and horizontal tanks of more than 50 m 3 capacity, the distance in the table can be
decreased by 25%; for the horizontal tanks whose capacity is equal to or less than 50m 3, the
distance in the table can be decreased by 50%.
5.2.8 The space between the ships at the two adjacent berths of an oil product wharf in
a seaport shall conform to the regulations in Table 5.2.8.
Table 5.2.8 Distance between the Ships at the Two Adjacent Berths of An Oil
Product Wharf in a Seaport (m)
Designed ship < 110 110 ~ 150 151 ~ 182 183 ~ 235 > 235
length
Spacing 25 35 40 50 55
Note 1: The spacing is referred to as the clear distance between the head and the stern of the
designed ships mooring at the two adjacent berths of a petroleum wharf.
Note 2: When ships moor on the two sides of a jetty or a jetty type wharf, the above ship spacing
limit can be disobeyed.
5.2.9 The width of the mooring water area is twice that of the designed ship within the
range of water area in front of a seaport. For the harbor with serious back silting, the
width can be increased appropriately in accordance with the demand for maintenance
and dredging.
The main channel in the mooring water area in front of a river harbor shall not be
occupied, and the width shall be the sum of the designed ship width plus a surplus
width or that of the designed total width of the ships abreast plus a surplus width. The
surplus width values are given in Table 5.2.9. The surplus width of oil tankers or
barges shall still be increased appropriately.
Table 5.2.9 Surplus Width of the Mooring Water Area in Front of a River
Harbor Wharf
Cargo tonnage of the designed ship Surplus width
t m
< 300 (0.5 ~ 1.0) B
300 (1.0 ~ 1.5) B
Note: B is the designed ship width.
5.2.10 It is preferred that the included angle between the water area side line of the
marginal type wharf end berth and the wharf front line is 30 ~ 45 (see Figure
5.2.10).
L designed ship length, m; d surplus length of berth, m
Figure 5.2.10 Included angle between the water area side line of the marginal type
wharf end berth and the wharf front line
5.2.11 The berth length (see Figure 5.2.11) shall meet the requirements of safe
berthing and departure operations and mooring cable of ships. For the general wharf
with shielded port, the length of its single berth can be determined from the following
formula:
Lb = L + 2d
Where:
Lb = berth length, m;
L = designed ship length, m;
d = surplus length, m.
The surplus length of seaport wharfs employs the numerical values in Table 5.2.11.
The surplus length of river harbor wharfs is generally (0.1 ~ 0.15) L. When the flow
velocity in front of a wharf during its use is more than 2.0m/s or the water flow
conditions are relatively bad, the value of d can be increased appropriately. When
there are berths waiting for loading, unloading and towing in the river network region,
the value of d can be decreased appropriately.
Figure 5.2.11 Length of single berth
Table 5.2.11 Surplus Length d of Seaport Wharfs (m)

L < 40 41 ~ 85 86 ~ 150 151 ~ 200 201 ~ 230 > 230
d 5 8 ~ 10 12 ~ 15 18 ~ 20 22 ~ 25 30
Note: Under the conditions that the berth length meets plan layout, the connect mode of tying the
head and tail to a cable pier and approach bridge can be adopted, and the berth length can be
calculated according to the cable pier outside edge.
5.2.12 When berths are arranged in series on the same wharf line (see Figure 5.2.12),
it is preferred that the total length of the wharf is determined through simulation based
on the dimension probability distribution of the ship fetching the harbor, and also
determined according to the following formula:
End berth: Lb = L + 1.5d

Middle berth: Lb = L + d
The safety requirements for operations with cable shall still be taken into account for
the end berth.
The oil product wharf layout shall conform to the provisions in 5.2.7 and 5.2.8.
The type of ship at the two adjacent berths is different, and the value of d is adopted
according to the larger ship.
Figure 5.2.12 Length of multi-berths arranged in series
5.2.13 For the seaport open wharf, the berth length (see Figure 5.2.13) can be
estimated in accordance with the following formula:
Lb = (1.4 ~ 1.5) L
Figure 5.2.13 Open wharf berth length
5.2.14 The mooring, convolution and navigation water areas for recessed harbor basin
ships in the river network region shall be calculation in accordance with hydrographic
characteristics of the harbor and the provisions in GB 50192. The seaport ship braking
water areas, convolution water area size, effective width of waterways and ship wharf
front elevation shall be calculated in accordance with the provisions in JTJ211.
5.2.15 The railway siding and station yard design of gas turbine power plants shall
conform to GBJ12 and the requirements in relevant fire codes. The grade of industrial
enterprise railways is given in Table 5.2.15.
Table 5.2.15 Grade of Industrial Enterprise Railways Mt

Railway grade Annual freight volume per loaded car kilometer
1 4
2 1.5 & < 4
3 < 1.5
5.2.16 It is preferred that the roads outside gas turbine power plants employ Grade 3
or 4 plant roads described in GBJ22. Various main technical indicators of the roads
outside plants are given in Table 5.2.16. It is preferred to adopt cement concrete
asphalt pavements.
Table 5.2.16 Main Technical Indicators of the Roads outside Plants (m)
Grade of the roads outside plants 3 4 Service
Topography Slight hill Heavy hill on Slight hill Heavy hill on roads
on plain mountain on plain mountain
range range
Calculation of traveling speed 60 30 40 20 15
km/h
Pavement width 7.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 3.5
Road bed width 8.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 4.5
Minimum radius of curvature 200 65 100 30 15
Minimum radius of curvature 1500 350 600 150
without superelevation
Non-passing sight distance 75 30 40 20 15
Passing sight distance 150 60 80 40
Maximum longitudinal slope % 6 8 6 9 9

5.3.1 The general plan of the plant area of gas turbine power plants shall be conducted
unitedly in accordance with the approved planning capacity, construction scale in the
current period and generator set configuration form.
5.3.2 A gas turbine power plant shall center on main equipment area based on the
principle of reasonable process flow. The general plan of plant area shall be conducted
through fully utilizing physiographic form and geologic conditions.
5.3.3 In the general plan of plant area, the requirements for fire control, anti vibration
and anti noise shall be taken into consideration. On the premise of meeting the
requirement of production technique, it is preferred that certain distance between the
buildings with higher anti vibration requirements and the vibration source is
maintained.
5.3.4 During operation of gas turbine power plants, it is preferred that the buildings
and structures in danger of flammability and explosion are arranged in the borderland
of plant area, and the distance between them and other buildings, structures inside and
outside the plants shall conform to the provisions in GBJ16.
5.3.5 The general plan of gas turbine power plants shall still conform to the following
requirements in addition to relevant fire codes such as GBJ16, GBJ74 and GB50229
etc and environmental protection requirements:
(1) The main equipment area shall be well situated in the plant area. It is preferred that
gas turbines or combined-cycle generating sets (rooms) are arranged near power
distribution equipment. When adopting DC for water supply, it is preferred that gas
turbine rooms are near water source. It is preferred that the equipment area is arranged
in the land section of uniform soil quality and higher subgrade bearing capacity.
(2) The ingoing and outgoing transmission lines of the indoor and outdoor power
distribution equipment shall be convenient and avoid intersection.
(3) Natural gas pressure regulating stations, fuel oil processing rooms and hydrogen
supply stations shall be arranged separately from other additional buildings, and are
preferred to be arranged on the leeside of the wind direction of the lowest frequency
perennially in the position of open fire and spark emission.
(4) At least two gangways shall be designed in the plant area of a gas turbine power
plant.
5.3.6 Table 5.2.6 presents fire risk and fire resistance rating of gas turbines or
combined-cycle generating sets (rooms), heat recovery boilers (rooms), natural gas
pressure regulating stations and fuel oil processing rooms during production. The fire
risk and minimum fire resistance rating of other production buildings during
production shall conform to the provisions in DL5000.
Table 5.3.6 Fire Risk and Fire Resistance Rating of Buildings (Structures) during
Production
Serial Name of buildings (structures) Fire risk during Minimum fire
No. production resistance rating
1 Gas turbines or combined-cycle D 2
generating sets (rooms)
2 Heat recovery boilers (rooms) D 2
3 Natural gas pressure regulating A 2
stations
4 Fuel oil processing Crude oil A 2
rooms Heavy oil C 2
5.3.7 The minimum spacing between gas turbines or combined-cycle generating sets
(rooms), heat recovery boilers (rooms), natural gas pressure regulating stations, fuel
oil processing rooms and other buildings, structures shall conform to the regulations
in Table 5.3.7. The minimum spacing between all other buildings, structures shall
conform to the provisions in DL5000.
Table 5.3.7 Minimum Spacing between Buildings, Structures (m)
Gas turbines (rooms), heat recovery boilers
Artificial draft cooling towers
Outdoor coal loaders or coal-storage yards

No Name of Fire Fuel oil Oil quantity for Administrative Centerli Roads
Enclosure wall
Hydrogen storage tanks
Roads outside plants (roadside)

Natural gas pressure regulating stations
Natural air cooling towers
Hydrogen supply stations

Outdoor power distribution equipment
. buildings, resistan processing main , living and ne of inside
structures ce rooms transformer or welfare lines plants
rating outdoor house buildings (roadside
of transformers )
Class (t/piece)
C, D
and E
buildin
gs
1 3 Cru Hea 1 > > Grad Gr
Secondary
Outside plants
Inside plants
Primary
, de vy 0 1 5 e 1, 2 ade
2 oil oil 0 0 3

5
0
1 Gas turbines or 1 1 3 30 10 12 1 2 10 2 35 15 1 1 10 12 5 5 1.5 for those 5
combined-cycle 0 2 0 5 0 0 2 2 without exit, 3 for
generating sets those with exit
(rooms), heat but no approach
recovery boilers road, 7~9 for
(rooms) those with
approach road
2 Natural gas 1 1 30 12 12 25 25 2 35 1 Brow 1 1 25 3 20 15 1 5 5
pressure 2 4 0 5 n coal 2 2 0 0
regulating 25
stations
3 Fuel oil Crude 1 1 30 1 25 25 2 35 1 1 1 25 3 20 15 1 5 5
processi oil 2 4 2 0 5 2 2 0 0
ng Heav 1 1 10 1 12 1 2 10 2 35 15 1 1 10 5 5 1.5 for those 5
rooms y oil 0 2 2 5 0 2 2 without exit, 3 for
those with exit
but no approach
road, 7~9 for
those with
approach road
5.3.8 The fire break between the tank park storing types A, B, C liquid and buildings
shall not be less than the value specified in Table 5.3.8.
Table 5.3.8 Fire Break between the Tank Park Storing Types A, B, C Liquid and
Buildings (m)
Name Total storage Fire resistance rating
capacity of a tank 1, 2 3 4
park or stockyard
m3
Type A, B liquid 1 ~ 50 12 15 20
51 ~ 200 15 20 25
201 ~ 1000 20 25 30
1001 ~ 5000 25 30 40
Type C liquid 5 ~ 250 12 15 20
251 ~ 1000 15 20 25
1001 ~ 5000 20 25 30
5001 ~ 25000 25 30 40
Note 1: The fire break shall be calculated from the storage tank outerwall and stack outer edge
nearest to a building. The distance from the storage tank fire bank outside foot line to a
building shall not be less than 10m.
Note 2: The fire break from the fixed roof storage tank areas and half outdoor stockyards storing
types A, B, C liquid, stockyards storing types B, C liquid and factory buildings
(warehouses) storing type A liquid to civil buildings shall be increased by 25% in
accordance with the regulations in the table. The fire break from the storage tank areas and
half outdoor stockyards storing types A, B liquid, and the stockyards storing types B, C
liquid to the above buildings shall not be les than 25m. The fire break from the location of
open fire and spark emission shall be increased by 25% in accordance with the regulations
for Grade 4 buildings in the table.
Note 3: The fire break from floating roof storage tanks or the storage tanks storing the liquid of
more than 120C flash point to a building can be decreased by 25% in accordance with the
regulations in the table.
Note 4: If an organization has several storage tank areas, the fire control space between the storage
tank areas shall not be less than the larger space value between the storage tank of
corresponding storage capacity and Grade 4 buildings in the table.
5.3.9 The fire break between types A, B, C liquid storage tanks shall not be less than
the value specified in Table 5.3.9.
Table 5.3.9 Fire Break between Types A, B, C Liquid Storage Tanks

Liquid Capacity Fixed roof storage tanks Floating Horizontal
type of single Above-ground Half Underground roof storage
tank type underground type storage tanks
m3 type tanks
A, B 1000 0.75 D 0.5 D 0.4 D 0.4 D Not less
> 1000 0.6 D than 0.8m
C Not 0.4 D Not limited Not limited
limited
Note 1: D is the diameter (m) of the larger of the adjacent vertical storage tanks. The diameter of a
rectangular storage tank is half of the sum of a long side and a short side.
Note 2: The larger value specified in the table shall be adopted as The fire break between the
storage tanks of different liquids and forms.
Note 3: The fire break between two ranks of horizontal tanks shall not be less than 3m.
Note 4: The fire break between the liquid storage tanks provided with nitrogen blanketing
equipment can be determined according to the distance between floating roof storage tanks.
Note 5: When the stationary cooling fire control mode is adopted, The fire break between the
ground fixed roof storage tanks storing types A, B liquid with the capacity of single tank
not more than 1000m3 can be more than or equal to 0.6D.
Note 6: When storage tanks are concurrently equipped with submerged spray foam fire-fighting
equipment, fixed cooling water equipment and foam fire-fighting equipment for
extinguishing liquid fire in the fire bank, the distance between the storage tanks can be
decreased appropriately, but it is not preferred that the distance between the ground storage
tanks is les than 0.4D.
Note 7: When the flash point of the stored liquid exceeds 120C and the storage tank capacity is
more than 1000m3, The fire break between storage tanks can be 5m; when the capacity is
less than 1000m3, it can be 2m.
5.3.10 The fire break from types A, B, C liquid storage tanks to their pump rooms,
loading and unloading crane pipes shall not be less than the value specified in Table
5.3.10.
Table 5.3.10 Fire Break from Types A, B, C Liquid Storage Tanks to Their Pump
Rooms, Loading and Unloading Crane Pipes (m)
Storage tank name Name of buildings (structures)
Pump rooms Railway loading Car loading and
and unloading unloading crane
crane pipes pipes
Types A, B liquid Crown tanks 15 20 15
Floating roof 15 15 15
tanks
Type C liquid 10 12 10
Note 1: For the types A, B liquid storage tanks with the total capacity not more than 1000m 3 and
the type C liquid storage tanks with the total capacity not more than 5000m 3, The fire break
can be decreased by 25% according to the regulations in the table.
Note 2: The distance from the pump rooms, loading and unloading crane pipes to the storage tank
fire bank outside foot line shall not be less than 5m.
Note 3: The fire break from the plant railway line to the loading and unloading crane pipes shall
not be less than 20m for types A, B liquid and 10m for type C liquid.
Note 4: The distance from the pump rooms to the crane pipes shall not be less than 8m.
5.3.11 The fire break from types A, B, C liquid loading and unloading crane pipes to
buildings shall not be less than the value specified in Table 5.3.11.
Table 5.3.11 fire Break from Types A, B, C Liquid Loading and Unloading Crane
Pipes to Buildings (m)
Name Fire resistance rating of buildings
Grade 1, 2 Grade 3 Grade 4
Types A, B liquid loading 14 16 18
and unloading crane pipes
Type C liquid loading and 10 12 14
unloading crane pipes
5.3.12 The design of the roads inside a gas turbine power plant shall be carried out in
accordance with GBJ22 and shall conform to the following requirements:
(1) Traveled roads between all the buildings in the plant shall be arranged in
accordance with the demand of production, fire control and living.
(2) Round roads or fire apparatus access roads shall be arranged around the main
equipment area, power distribution equipment area, tank farm, fuel oil processing
room and natural gas pressure regulating station.
(3) It is preferred that the arterial road travel pavement width at the main gangways in
the plant area is 6m ~ 7m, the pavement width of the round roads around the main
equipment area is 6m, the pavement width of the roads for transporting large objects
in the plant is 6m, and the pavement width of the branch roads in the plant area is
3.5m ~ 4m.
(4) It is preferred to adopt cement concrete or asphalt pavement for the roads in the
plant.
(5) The main technical indicators of the roads in the plant shall be in accordance with
those in Table 5.3.12.
Table 5.3.12 Main Technical Indicators of the Roads in a Plant (m)
Pavement width a
Arterial road 6~7
Secondary main road 6
Branch road 3.5 ~ 4
Sidewalk 1~2
Minimum turning When being limited by site (e.g., opening and closing the site) 6
radius Single car of 4t ~ 8t loading capacity 9
Single car of 10t ~ 15t loading capacity 12
Single car with a trailer 12
50t truck crane 12
100t ~ 150t truck crane 15
15t ~ 25t massive plate trailer 15
Maximum longitudinal Arterial road 6
slope % Secondary main road 8
Branch road, approach road 9
Minimum calculated Passing sight distance 30
sight distance Non-passing sight distance 15
Non-passing sight distance at a junction 20
Note 1: The arterial road is a main road for the main entrance to lead to the entrances of the main
equipment area or office buildings in the plant area.
Note 2: The secondary main road is used to connect the round roads around the main equipment area
with the roads in all production areas.
Note 3: Branch roads are the roads with less vehicles and pedestrians and fire control roads etc.
Note 4: Approach roads are those connecting the gangways of workshops and warehouses with the
arterial road, secondary main road or branch roads.
Note 5: Sidewalks are those only for pedestrians to walk.
a: The workshop approach road width shall be in accordance with the workshop door width, and the
turning radius is not less than 6m.
5.3.13 The enclosure wall in the plant area shall be solid one in addition to ornamental
requirements and other safety measures that shall be taken. It is preferred that the
enclosure wall height is 2.2m.
When the outdoor power distribution equipment, natural gas pressure regulating
station, tank farm and hydrogen making station are arranged in the plant, a fenced
enclosure of 1.5m in height shall be established; when they are arranged outside the
plant, a solid enclosure wall of 2.2m in height shall be established. The tank farm
shall be provided with fire banks or firewalls.
5.3.14 The terrace elevation in the plant area is determined in accordance with
DL5000. It is preferred to adopt the urban road pipe drainage system or the site
collection well pipe drainage system for water discharge.
5.3.15 The comprehensive layout of pipelines shall be considered as a whole and
conducted unitedly in combination with the planned capacity, general arrangement,
vertical arrangement and afforestation so as to make the pipelines be in mutual
coordination with each building on plain and vertically.
5.3.16 When a gas turbine power plant is built by stages, it is preferred to arrange
pipelines in the current stage, and enough pipeline galleries shall be reserved in
accordance with the planned capacity. It is preferred that the main pipelines avoid
passing through the expanded site.
5.3.17 There are five sorts of modes of laying pipelines, such as direct burial, pipe
trench, tunnel, calandria and overhead. The laying mode shall be determined in
accordance with the factors such as natural conditions, medium in pipes, pipe
diameter, operation maintenance and construction etc and through technical economic
comparison, and shall conform to the following requirements:
(1) It is preferred that production, living, fire feed pipes, and rainwater, sewage
discharge pipes are directly buried.
(2) It is preferred to adopt overhead laying or trench laying mode for fuel oil pipes,
thermal pipes and compressed air pipes.
(3) It is preferred to adopt overhead laying as well as trench, calandria, direct burial
and tunnel laying modes for cable. The calandria and direct burial laying modes shall
not be adopted in the land section where water table and water quality are affected by
seawater.
(4) It is preferred to adopt overhead or direct burial laying mode for natural gas and
hydrogen gas pipes.
(5) It is preferred to adopt trench laying mode for acid and alkaline pipes.
(6) The minimum space between the pipelines in the plant area and the one between
them and building, structures shall conform to the regulations in Tables 5.3.17-1 ~
5.3.17-3.
(7) Fire partitions shall be established when cable trenches and tunnels enter into
building or are in appropriate land sections. The fire partitions for cable tunnels shall
be equipped with fire doors.
(8) It is preferred to adopt comprehensive trench laying mode in the land section
where underground trenches are concentrated. The pipelines unsuitable to be laid in
the same trench shall be separated using trench partitions. Cables shall not be laid in
the same trench with other pipelines.
(9) It is advisable to adopt comprehensive overhead laying mode for the pipelines that
can be laid overhead.
Table 5.3.17-1 Minimum Horizontal Clear distance between Underground Pipelines in the Plant Area (m)
Pipeline name Water Drainag Natural Heating Compress Acetyle Hydroge Communicatio Power Cable Oil pipe Acid,
supply e pipe gas pipe pipe ed air ne, n gas n cable cable trench alkaline,
pipe pipe oxygen pipe chlorine
pipe pipe
Water supply 1.0 ~ 1.5 1.5 ~ 0.8 ~ 1.0 ~ 1.5 1.0 ~ 1.0 ~ 0.8 ~ 1.0 0.8 ~ 1.0 ~ 1.0 ~ 1.5 1.0 ~
pipe 2.0 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.5 1.5
Drainage pipe 1.0 ~ 1.5 ~ 1.0 ~ 0.8 ~ 1.2 0.8 ~ 1.0 ~ 0.8 ~ 1.0 1.0 ~ 1.0 ~ 1.0 ~ 1.5 1.0 ~
1.5 2.0 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
Natural gas pipe 1.5 ~ 1.5 ~ 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
2.0
Heating pipe 0.8 ~ 1.0 ~ 1.2 2.0 1.0 1.2 1.2 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.2
1.2
Compressed air 1.0 ~ 0.8 ~ 1.2 2.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.2
pipe 1.5
Acetylene, 1.0 ~ 0.8 ~ 1.2 2.5 1.2 1.5 1.5 0.8 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.5
oxygen pipe 1.5
Hydrogen gas 1.0 ~ 1.0 ~ 1.5 2.0 1.2 1.5 1.5 0.8 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.5
pipe 1.5
Communication 0.8 ~ 0.8 ~ 1.0 2.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.2
cable 1.0
Power cable 0.8 ~ 1.0 ~ 1.5 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.5
1.0
Cable trench 1.0 ~ 1.0 ~ 1.5 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 0.5 0.5 1.0
1.5
Oil pipe 1.0 ~ 1.0 ~ 1.5 2.0 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5
1.5
Acid, alkaline, 1.0 ~ 1.0 ~ 1.5 2.0 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.5
chlorine pipe 1.5
Note 1: All the clear distances in the table are calculated from pipe wall, trench wall or outer edge of protection facilities or an outermost cable.
Note 2: When two values are presented in the same column (cell) in the table, the larger is adopted when the water supply pipe diameter is more than 200mm and the
drainage pipe diameter 800mm; otherwise, the smaller is adopted.
Note 3: The horizontal clear distance between the domestic water supply pipe and the productive, domestic sewage discharge pipe shall be increased by 50% based on the
value in the above table.
Note 4: For 110kV and 220kV power cables, the clear distance shall be increased by 50% based on the value in the above table.
Note 5: The acetylene pipe can be laid in the same trench with the oxygen pipe for the same use purpose, but it is required to use sand to bury them and the space between
the two pipes shall not be less than 250mm.
Note 6: The heating pipe trench can be arranged abreast with noncombustible and non-explosive compressed air or other inert gas pipe trenches and power, communication
cable trenches.
Note 7: The space between the high voltage power cable and the control power cable is dependent upon technology demand.
When overhead pipelines intersect with roads and railways, the following
requirements shall be met:
When overhead pipelines traverse the roads in the plant area, a clearance of 4.5m ~
5.0m shall be maintained and that of 2.2m for sidewalks. For the roads for
transporting large objects or with large-scale hoisting facilities passing in the overhaul
period, the clearance shall be determined as necessary. When natural gas pipes
traverse roads, the casing mode shall be adopted and the casing bottom edge clearance
shall meet the requirements.
When traversing railways, overhead pipelines shall generally keep a clearance of 5.5m
from the rail level; when they are combustible liquid and gas pipelines, a clearance of
6m shall be maintained. When electrical locomotive traction mode is adopted,
pipelines shall keep a clearance of 6.55m from the rail top.
Table 5.3.17-2 Minimum Horizontal Clear Distance between the Underground

Pipelines and the Buildings, Structures in the Plant Area (m)
Pipeline name Building Lighting Pipe rack Enclosure Railway Roada Drainage
and communication foundation wall centerline ditch
structure pillar outer edge foundation outer
foundation centerline outer edge edge
outer edge
Water supply pipe 2.0 ~ 3.0 0.8 ~ 1.0 0.8 ~ 1.0 1.0 3.3 ~ 3.8 0.8 ~ 1.0 0.8 ~ 1.0
Drainage pipe 1.5 ~ 2.5 0.8 ~ 1.0 0.8 ~ 1.0 1.0 3.3 ~ 4.8 0.8 ~ 1.0 0.8 ~ 1.0
Natural gas pipe 6.0 1.5 2.0 1.5 6.0 1.0 1.5
Heating pipe 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.8 3.8 0.6 0.6
Compressed air pipe 1.5 0.8 0.8 1.0 3.3 0.8 0.8
Acetylene, hydrogen gas 0.8 0.8 1.0 3.3 0.8 0.8
pipe
Communication cable 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 3.3 0.8 0.8
Power cable 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 3.8 1.0 1.0
Oil pipe 3.0 1.0 2.0 1.5 3.8 1.0 1.0
Acid, alkaline, chlorine 3.0 1.0 2.0 1.5 3.8 1.0 1.0
pipe
Note 1: When two values are presented in the same column (cell) in the table, the larger is adopted when the pressure
water pipe diameter is more than 20mm and the artesian water pipe diameter 800mm; otherwise, the smaller is adopted.
Note 2: The horizontal clear distance from the acetylene, hydrogen gas pipeline to the foundation outer edge of the
buildings with basements and the passage trench outer edge is 3.0m, and the one from it to the foundation outer edge of
the buildings without basements is 2.0m.
Note 3: The distance from high voltage line pillars or iron towers (outer edge) to various underground pipelines shall be
increased by 50% based on the corresponding value in the table.
Note 4: When the buried depth of pipelines is larger than that of the foundation of adjacent buildings and structures, the
corresponding value in the table shall be corrected in accordance with soil conditions.
a: The clear distance in the table shall be calculated from pipe wall, or outer edge of protection facilities or an outermost
cable. The clear distance for city roads shall be calculated from the pavement edge, and the one for highway type roads
from the road shoulder edge.
Table 5.3.17-3 Minimum Horizontal Clear Distance between the Overhead

Crude Oil, Natural Gas Pipelines and the Buildings, Structures in the Plant Area
(m)
Name Crude oil, natural gas pipelines
Types A, B productive factory buildings 10
Types C, D, E productive factory buildings 6.0
Railway centerline 6.0
Road pavement edge 1.5
Enclosure wall (centerline) in the plant area 1.5
Lighting and communication pillar (centerline) 1.0
6 Layout of Main Factory Building

6.1.1 The layout of main factory building of a gas turbine power plant shall meet the
requirement of power generation process flow and shall be determined according to
equipment type, with reasonable equipment arrangement and space utilization, short
and orderly pipeline connection, compact and proper in-factory building facilities, and
unobstructed passageways for patrol inspection, creating favorable conditions for
safety operation, overhaul and maintenance of the gas turbine power plant.
6.1.2 The air quality, ventilation, natural lighting, illumination and noise in the main
factory building shall conform to the regulations in the relevant current standards.
Corresponding protective measures shall be taken for equipment. The layout of
equipment shall conform to relevant requirements of fire control, explosion
protection, dust prevention, moisture protection, anti corrosion, antifreezing, and anti
noise, etc.
6.1.3 The possibility of expanding shall be taken into consideration in accordance

with the requirements of the general plan of the gas turbine power plant during layout
of the main factory building.
6.1.4 The layout of the main equipment of a combined-cycle power plant shall be
optimized. Under the condition of reasonable economical efficiency, it is advisable to
reduce exhaust pressure loss between gas turbines and heat recovery boilers, shorten
steam lines between heat recovery boilers and gas turbines and reduce steam pressure
loss.
6.1.5 The color tone of the main factory building and the equipment, dial plates,
pipelines and platform stairs in it shall be soft and harmonious. The platform stairs
and hand rails shall be full, reliable, and shall conform to the requirements in the
design and rules.
6.1.6 The main factory building shall be arranged reasonably in consideration of plant
area topography, equipment characteristics and construction conditions etc. When two
or over two generator sets operate continuously, the layout of main factory building
shall allow for the conditions for parallel continuous construction.
6.2 Modes of layout

6.2.1 Different modes of layout of the main factory building of a gas turbine power
plant shall be adopted in consideration of difference between simple cycle and
combined cycle.
6.2.2 During layout of a simple cycle power plant, gas turbines and generators are
arranged in the same group. It is preferred that groups are arranged parallelly. They
can be symmetrical longitudinally or arranged straightforwardly.
The possibility of expanding into combined-cycle shall be taken into account in

accordance with engineering conditions during layout of the main factory building.
6.2.3 There are two sorts of modes of layout such as multi-axis layout and single-axis
layout for the combined-cycle power plant:
(1) Gas turbines and generators are arranged in the same group based on the multi-
axis layout. When gas turbines exhaust axially, it is preferred that groups are parallelly
arranged mutually, and heat recovery boilers are arranged consecutively based on the
coaxial line. When gas turbines exhaust laterally, groups can be mutually arranged
longitudinally-linearly as well as parallelly, and it is advisable that heat recovery
boilers are arranged perpendicularly to the gas turbine generator set. Steam turbines
and generators are arranged in the other group. They can be arranged parallelly or
perpendicularly to the gas turbine generator set, or in alignment with the gas turbine
generator set.
(2) For the combined-cycle generator set employing the single-axis layout form, it is
preferred that groups are parallelly arranged mutually. The single-axis layout can be
divided into the following two forms:
The an heat recovery boiler, gas turbine, generator and steam turbine are arranged in
the same group based on the coaxial line, and a timing clutch is arranged between the
generator and the steam turbine. This sort of layout form can be bottom low-level
layout, but the lateral translation of the generator during drawing the rotor or the
overhaul facilities and site for hoisting as a whole shall be taken into account.
The an heat recovery boiler, gas turbine, steam turbine and generator are arranged in
the same group based on the coaxial line, and no timing clutch is arranged between
the generator and the steam turbine. This sort of layout form can be operation layer
high-level layout.
6.3 Layout of gas turbines and auxiliary equipment

6.3.1 Indoor or outdoor layout can be adopted for gas turbines. It is advisable to adopt
indoor layout of gas turbines for the gas turbine power plant that has bad
environmental conditions, is located in the frigid region or presents special
requirements for noise. It is also advisable to adopt indoor layout for the gas turbines
in which external burners are adopted.
6.3.2 It is advisable to adopt indoor layout for the high capacity combined-cycle
generator set with single-axis layout.
6.3.3 The relevant auxiliary equipment of gas turbines shall be arranged around them.
When gas turbines are arranged outdoors, the auxiliary equipment shall be provided
with raintight, heat tracing and heating facilities in accordance with the environmental
conditions and the requirements of the equipment itself.
6.4 Layout of heat recovery boilers and auxiliary equipment

6.4.1 It is advisable to arranged heat recovery boilers outdoors. When the gas turbine
power plant is located in the frigid region, heat recovery boilers can be arranged
indoors or closed tightly.
6.4.2 When the auxiliary equipment and accessory machinery of heat recovery boilers
and the accessories such as instruments and valves etc on the an heat recovery boiler
body are arranged outdoors, the raintight, antifreezing and anti corrosion measures
shall be taken into account in accordance with the environmental conditions and the
requirements of the equipment itself.
6.5 Layout of turbines

6.5.1 Turbines shall be arranged indoors. When turbines exhaust axially or laterally,
they shall be arranged at the low position. When turbines exhaust downwards
vertically, they shall be arranged at the high position.
6.5.2 The layout of auxiliary equipment shall conform to the following regulations:
(1) The equipment such as main oil tank, oil pump and oil cooler of a gas turbine is
suitable to be arranged at the zero-mark layer of the gas turbine house and far from
high temperature pipelines.
Fire control measures must be taken into consideration for the main oil tank and oil
system of a gas turbine. An accident oil tank (pit) shall be established at the proper
position on the outside of the main factory building, and the layout elevation and oil
pipeline design shall be able to meet the demand for smooth oil drainage during an
accident. The volume of the accident oil tank (pit) shall not be less than the oil
quantity of the oil system of a maximum generator set. The accident oil drain port
shall be arranged at the safe position convenient for quick operation and can be
reached through two pedestrian passageways.
(2) The installation elevation of the deaerator water supply tank shall meet the
requirement that no cavitation erosion occurs on the feed pump under various
operating modes.
6.5.3 It is advisable to arrange the condenser rubber ball cleaner beside the condenser.
6.6 Control room

6.6.1 It is advisable to establish a machine furnace electric centralized control room
for a combined-cycle gas turbine power plant.
6.6.2 It is preferred that the centralized control room is arranged in the centralized
control building on the side of the gas turbine house, or in the centralized control
building in the middle of two sets or four sets of combined-cycle generator sets. It is
preferred that the centralized building is equipped with automatics control equipment,
computer room, relay room, cable interlayer, air-conditioning equipment, other
technological facilities and necessary living facilities etc by storeies. Favorable air-
conditioning, lighting, dust prevention, vibration prevention and anti noise measures
shall be taken in the centralized control building.
6.6.3 The number of gangways of the centralized control building and the centralized
control room shall not be less than 2, and the clear height of the centralized control
room shall not be less than 3.2m.

6.7.1 An overhaul yard and a site for placing overhaul tools shall be established at the
appropriate position in the main factory building with single-axis layout generator set
and the gas turbine room and steam turbine room with multi-axis layout generator set
of a gas turbine power plant.
When generator sets are arranged longitudinally-linearly, it is advisable to arrange an

overhaul yard every two generator sets; When generator sets are arranged parallelly, it
is advisable to arrange an overhaul yard every four generator sets. The overhaul yard
size can be determined in accordance with the demand for hoisting large objects and
inverting cylinders of gas turbines.
6.7.2 An overhead traveling crane shall be arranged in the main factory building. It is
preferred that the hoisting capacity of hoisting equipment is determined according to
the heaviest object hoisted during overhaul. The installation elevation of hoisting
equipment shall be determined in accordance with the maximum hoisting height of
the equipment required to be hoisted.
6.7.3 All principal and auxiliary machinery in the main factory building shall reserve
necessary overhaul and hoisting space for arranging site and transportation
passageways, and the space meeting the demand for taking the rotor from a generator
and the pipe from a condenser. The longitudinal passageway established in the main
factory building shall be straight through, the passageway width shall not be less than
1.5m so as to meet the equipment transportation requirements, and entrance doors
shall be established at the two ends. In addition, it is advisable to arrange an entrance
door at the overhaul yard in the middle of zero-mark layer, and the door shall be
connected with the roads in the plant area.
6.7.4 The roads for ingress and egress of the hoisting and transportation equipment
and the overhaul position for hoisting generator rotor shall be reserved around the gas
turbine and its auxiliary equipment arranged outdoors. Moreover, sufficient space for
piling up overhauled parts and components shall be reserved.
6.7.5 For an heat recovery boiler and its auxiliary equipment, the space position for
equipment overhaul and hoisting facilities or overhaul hoisting shall be taken into
account. Around them, it shall be convenient for passing of hoisting and transportation
equipment and stacking of overhauled parts and components.
6.7.6 The hoisting capacity of a crane or mobile hoisting facilities shall meet the
requirements for hoisting, moving and placing the overhauled heaviest large object.
6.7.7 The operation and maintenance of main valves shall be convenient, and a
platform for operation and maintenance shall, when necessary, be established.
7 Fuel Supply Equipment and System

7.1.1 General requirements
The fuel system design of a gas turbine power plant shall be determined after
technical economic comparison in accordance with the conditions such as the planned
power plant capacity, fuel oil variety, consumption of oil, oil feed mode and cycle, etc.
For the generator set employing crude oil or heavy oil as the fuel, the method of
increasing heating temperature shall be adopted to reduce fuel viscosity. In addition,
sufficient light oil quantity shall be prepared so as to supply flushing oil, ignition and
stable combustion oil for the heavy oil system before startup and during shutdown of
a gas turbine.
When necessary, heating and heat preservation measures shall be taken into account
for the light oil system so as to make oil temperature keep more than 5C in winter.
For heavy oil fuel, in view of its corrosion effect on gas turbines and heat recovery
boilers and environmental protection requirements, it is advisable to adopt the heavy
oil whose kinematic viscosity is 180mm 2/s @ 50C. The quality of the oil products
such as trace metal limit content and sulfur content etc shall conform to the technical
requirements for liquid fuels by gas turbine manufacturers and shall meet the local
environmental protection regulations.
The gas turbine fuel system shall be equipped with an oil return pipe so as to be
convenient for oil circulation.
7.1.2 Oil unloading system and facilities:

(1) When oil comes from waterways, the capacity and facilities of an unloading wharf
shall be determined according to the tanker tonnage and unloading time decided
through consultation with the traffic department.
(2) When oil comes from railways, it is advisable to adopt the downward unloading
mode to unload heavy oil or crude oil, and a low-level oil sump shall be established. It
is advisable to adopt the upward unloading mode to unload light oil. The unloading
platform length can be determined according to the capacity of holding 12 ~ 24
sections of tank cars. The unloading time is 6h ~ 12h.
(3) For the fuel power plant of smaller capacity, the light oil for flushing before
startup and during shutdown of a gas turbine can be transported using cars when oil
source is closer, and is directly fed into a light oil tank through an unloading pump at
the car unloading station. The oil pump output is determined in accordance with the
tanker capacity and the unloading time required in the oil supply agreement.
(4) The unloading pump type shall be determined according to oil product viscosity
and unloading mode. It is not preferred that the unloading pump number is less than 2
(one for standby). When one pump is out of operation, the total flow rate of other
pumps shall meet the requirement of completing unloading of the loadage in vehicles
and ships in the specified unloading time. It is preferred that the unloading pump lift
allowance is 30%.
(5) The single mother pipe low-level layout mode is adopted for the oil feed pipe of
an unloading pump, and the single mother pipe overhead layout mode is adopted for
the oilout pipe of the unloading pump. During expanding, a mother pipe can be
arranged again to the expanded oil tank.
7.1.3 Oil storage system and facilities

(1) When light oil is only used as the flushing oil before startup ignition and during
shutdown of a gas turbine, it is advisable to arrange two light oil tanks, and the oil
tank capacity is determined according to oil source conditions and generator set load
features. When a gas turbine burns light oil totally, it is preferred that the light oil tank
number is not less than 2, and the total capacity of light oil tanks is determined based
on the total oil consumption of not less than 10d, or in accordance with oil source
conditions after technical economic comparison.
(2) It is preferred that the number of heavy oil tanks and crude oil tanks is not less
than 3, and the total capacity (including the capacity of purification oil tanks) is
determined based on the total oil consumption of not less than 15d, or in accordance
with oil source conditions after technical economic comparison.
(3) The inlet pipeline from the oil tank to the oil transfer pump employs single mother
pipe. In order to ensure suction head of the oil transfer pump at any moment of the oil
tank, it is advisable to adopt underground layout mode for the single mother pipe. It is
advisable to adopt mother pipe for the oil pipeline from the oil transfer pump outlet to
the oil processing equipment and the pipeline is arranged overhead.
(4) It is preferred that the oil transfer pump room is near the tank farm. When the
distance from the oil processing room to the tank farm can meet suction head of the
oil transfer pump, the oil transfer pump can be arranged in the oil processing room
and the oil transfer pump room doesnt need to be established.
(5) The oil transfer pump type shall be determined in accordance with the
requirements of oil quality and oil supply parameters. It is advisable to adopt screw
pump as the heavy oil transfer pump. It is preferred that the oil transfer pump number
is 3 (350%) and also 2 (1100%). When one of the oil transfer pumps is out of
operation, the total flow rate of other oil transfer pumps shall not be less than 110% of
the total oil processing quantity. It is preferred that the pump flow rate allowance is
not less than 10%, the lift allowance 5% and the total resistance (not including
potential difference) of the oil transfer system during lift calculation 30%. When
screw pump is adopted, one maintenance reserve pump can be increased.
7.1.4 Oil treatment system

(1) There are mainly two sorts of oil processing types: centrifugal type and
electrostatic type. The quality standard of the fuel oil after being processed shall meet
the gas turbine manufacturers technical requirements for liquid fuels. No less than
two processing lines shall be provided for the oil processing equipment. When the
processing line of maximum processing capacity is out of operation, the total daily
processing quantity of other processing lines shall not be less than the total daily oil
consumption of gas turbines in whole plant.
(2) It is advisable to adopt mother pipe system for the pipeline from the purified oil
after being processed to the purification oil tank.
7.1.5 Fuel oil front system

(1) It is advisable to establish 3 purification oil tanks. When there is room for
expanding of the tank farm, the capacity of each oil tank shall meet the total daily oil
consumption of gas turbines in the current period; when there is no room for
expanding of the tank farm, the capacity of each oil tank shall be able to meet the total
daily oil consumption in the period of planning capacity.
The purification oil tanks employ the mode of float ball high-level oil suction, and the
lowest input port shall be over 800mm higher than the oil tank bottom.
(2) When purification oil tanks and oil storage tanks are in the same tank farm, fore
pumps and oil transfer pumps can share a pump room. When the oil processing room
is relatively adjacent to purification oil tanks and can meet suction head of fore
pumps, fore pump room is allowed not to be established. Front pumps can be arranged
in the oil processing room. It is preferred that front pumps are arranged near
purification oil tanks. If this cannot meet the requirements of fore pump suction head,
a relay pump shall be provided in the oil supply system, and at this point it is
preferred that fore pumps are arranged near gas turbines.
(3) It is advisable to adopt unit layout mode for gas turbine front pump arrangement in
accordance with gas turbine control requirements. When light oil is used as the fuel,
each gas turbine is provided with two front pumps, of which one is for operation and
the other for standby. When heavy oil is used as the fuel, each gas turbine shall be
provided with two light oil pumps and two heavy oil pumps, of which one is for
operation and the other for standby respectively. The oil pump flow rate shall not be
less than 110% of the sum of gas turbine oil consumption and oil return quantity. It is
preferred that the lift allowance is not less than 5% and the total resistance (not
including fuel selective module oil feed pressure and elevation difference) allowance
of the fuel oil system during lift calculation 30%. High precision filter screens that can
be switched shall be installed at the fore pump outlet.
(4) The pipeline from purification oil pumps to fore pumps employs single mother
pipe. In order to ensure fore pump suction head requirements, it is preferred that the
mother pipe is arranged underground. It is advisable to adopt unit overhead layout for
the pipeline from the fore pump outlet to gas turbines, as well as sectionalized mother
pipe system by stages as per the project. Oil return pipes shall be provided for
purification oil supply, and it is preferred that they employ mother pipe system.
(5) The unloading, oil storage and oil supply system for heavy oil and crude oil shall
be equipped with heating and purging facilities, and the design principle shall be in
accordance with relevant regulations in DL5000.
7.1.5 Dirty oil and oily sewage treatment

(1) Dirty oil sumps shall be established at the unloading wharf, unloading station area,
tank farm, oil processing room, oil pump room and generator set side etc.
(2) A centralized oily sewage treatment station shall be established throughout the
plant, and the treatment equipment shall be equipped with instrumentation. The dirty
oil after treatment shall be recovered to heavy oil tanks. The discharged sewage
quality shall meet the requirements of the local discharge standard.

7.2.1 For the gas turbine power plant employing natural gas as the fuel, when the
mating gas supply work lags, a transient fuel system shall be established and the
capacity shall be determined in accordance with the time of using transient fuel.
Whether or not a standby fuel system is set up in the plant shall be dependent upon the
factors such as the stability and reliability of gas supply source, properties of the loads
borne by a generator set in the power network, standby fuel source and construction
cost etc after technical economic comparison.
7.2.2 The design of the natural gas system in the plant shall be determined according
to gas source status, gas turbine admission requirements and environmental conditions
etc.
(1) The capacity (delivery capacity) of the natural gas pipeline system entering into
the plant shall be considered in accordance with the maximum gas consumption in the
whole plant. If the admission mother pipe of the plant is built up at a time as per the
planned capacity, the admission mother pipe capacity shall be taken into account in
accordance with the maximum gas consumption based on the planned capacity. One
gas pipeline can be established. A bypass shall be installed at the admission gas source
dump value. The bypass pipeline flow capacity shall be able to meet 70% ~ 100% of
the gas consumption in the whole plant.
(2) The quality of the admission natural gas (including mechanical admixture content,
water dew point, hydrocarbon dew point and H2S content etc) shall conform to the
regulations in GB50251. The natural gas entering into gas turbines shall still meet the
gas turbine manufacturers requirements for various indicators (including
temperature) of natural gas.
The natural gas pipeline entering into the plant shall be equipped with gas quality
monitoring and sampling facilities.
(3) The selected design parameters of the natural gas system shall be able to ensure
safe, full output and economic operation and save investment.
(4) The layout of the natural gas system equipment and pipelines throughout the plant
shall ensure safety, save investment and be convenient for operation, maintenance and
overhaul.
7.2.3 The natural gas pipeline design shall conform to the following regulations:
(1) The design pressure and temperature of natural gas pipelines shall be determined
in accordance with the highest working pressure and temperature of the natural in the
pipelines of each pipe section.
(2) The diameter of the natural gas pipelines in the plant is generally determined
through calculation based on natural gas flow rate and permissible gas transmission
pressure drop. When the pressure drop cannot be determined, the pipe diameter is also
estimated in accordance with 15m/s ~ 30m/s natural gas flow velocity. Then check
whether or not the pressure drop meets the requirements.
(3) The laying mode of the natural gas pipelines in the plant can be selected from
buried laying underground, high support overhead laying above ground or low
support laying along ground, and pipe trench laying shall not be adopted. The
minimum horizontal and vertical clear distance between natural gas pipelines and
other buildings, structures, pipelines, and the layout and laying of pipelines shall
conform to the provisions in Chapter 5.
(4) A blow-down pipe shall be installed at the main pipe before the emergency cut-off
valve of natural gas source entering into the plant and on the natural gas supply
system pipeline. The layout principle of the blow-down vale and stand pipe shall
conform to the provisions in GB50251.
(5) Protection casing shall be adopted for the buried pipelines required to cross car
roads.
(6) In order to be convenient for disassembly, flanged connection shall be adopted for
the connection of natural gas pipelines and valves, equipment, etc., and welded
connection shall be adopted for other non-disassembly places.
7.2.4 The design of the natural gas pressure regulating stations in the plant shall
conform to the following regulations:
(1) It is advisable to install one pressure regulating branch. Each pressure regulating
branch shall be designed in accordance with the maximum gas consumption of single
generator set. It is advisable to install one standby branch every 2~3 generator sets.
When one branch is out of operation, the calculated flow capacity of other branches
shall be able to meet the gas consumption under the maximum load of gas turbines.
(2) It is advisable to adopt self-force type pressure regulating valves for pressure
regulators. The model and capacity of separators and dusting filters shall be selected
in accordance with the requirements of gas supply conditions and gas turbines. It is
advisable to adopt multi-group parallel connection mode for the separators and
dusting filters, which are arranged in correspondence with the pressure regulating
branches for standby.
(3) In the frigid region, antifreezing measures shall be taken into account for the
pressure regulating station pipeline equipment and the natural gas pipelines in the
plant area.
(4) When there is a need for installing boosters, it is advisable to install one booster
for each gas turbine, and the capacity can be determined in accordance with 1.1 times
of the maximum gas consumption of this set of gas turbine.
The type selection of boosters shall be determined through comprehensive

comparison in accordance with the factors such as natural gas quality conditions,
technical requirements for gas turbine fuel, booster inlet and outlet pressure, gas
consumption of gas turbines, power plant operation and overhaul conditions, price and
so on.
It is advisable to adopt electric motor drive mode for boosters.
It is advisable to adopt the same type of boosters for the same type of gas turbines in
each power plant.
(5) Relief valves shall be installed on the pressure regulator inlet and outlet joint pipe
or the main pipe and the booster outlet pipe. Relief valves shall also be installed on
the compression equipment and vessels in the pressure regulating station. The gas
discharged from the relief valves can be led into the blow-down pipeline of the same
grade pressure.
(6) It is advisable to lay out the pressure regulating station (including boosters)
outdoors or half outdoors. In the frigid region and sand storm region, the indoor
layout mode can also be adopted, but ventilation and explosion protection measures
must be taken into consideration.
(7) The pressure regulating station inside layout shall conform to natural gas system
design requirements, and be convenient for pipeline installation. In addition, essential
overhaul and hoisting equipment, overhaul sites and passageways shall be provided.
The pipeline layout shall be convenient for valve operation and equipment overhaul.
7.2.5 Auxiliary facilities and other design requirements

(1) A natural gas flow measurement device shall be installed on the main pipe for the
natural gas entering into the plant and on the natural gas admission pipe of each gas
turbine. An emergency cut-off valve shall be installed on the gas transmission main
pipe entering into the plant, and shall be arranged at a safe position convenient for
operation.
(2) The pressure regulating station shall be equipped with lightning protection
facilities. The pipelines and equipment in the station shall be provided with antistatic
earthing facilities.
(3) The heat preservation paint and anti corrosion of the natural gas pipelines in the
plant can be designed in accordance with DL/T 5072 and SY0007.
When pipelines are relatively long or soil resistivity is relatively low, it is advisable to
take cathode protection measures for the pipelines laid underground outside the plant.
Insulated flanges shall be installed at the position connecting the buried pipelines
outside the station.
(4) An inert gas displacement system shall be established in the plant during out-of-
operation of the natural gas pipelines. It is preferred that the volume of the substituted
gas is twice the total volume of the displaced gas.
(5) Purging, sampling joints and exhaust stacks etc for gas displacement shall be
installed in the natural gas system in the plant. The exhaust stacks can be arranged
severally and can also be partially and centralizedly led to blow-down pipes in
accordance with the layout or safety requirements. The blow-down gas discharged
into atmosphere shall conform to environmental protection and fire control
requirements and shall avoid being inhausted into ventilation systems, windows or
adjacent buildings.
(6) The acceptance of the natural gas pipelines in the plant shall conform to the
provisions in GB50251 and SY/T0466, as well as those in DL5007 and DL5031.
(7) It is required to conduct pigging and purging of the natural gas pipelines prior to
pressure test. It is necessary to conduct pigging and purging of the pipelines with the
diameter being DN100 and above. The pipelines of DN100 diameter are only purged.
The diameter of spherical pigs or pigs is generally 1.05 times the inner diameter of
pipelines. The maximum pressure of the top spherical pig is not allowed to exceed
1.25 times the designed working pressure. The number of times of pigging is not
allowed to be less than 2. The pigging is considered acceptable if no foreign
substances and sewage are discharged out after pigging.
Dried pigging of the natural gas pipelines shall be carried out prior to being put into
use, and hygroscopic agents can be added when necessary.
(8) It is advisable to adopt non-combustion supporting gas as the purging medium. It
is not preferred that the purging flow velocity is less than 20m/s. The purging pressure
shall not be more than working pressure. The pipelines shall be sectionalizedly purged
for several times repeatedly.
(9) The pressure regulating station shall be provided with a natural gas condensed
liquid discharge system. The discharged dirt and sewage shall be collected and
treated, and shall, after meeting environmental protection requirements, be
discharged.
(10) After finishing installation of the natural gas pipelines in the plant, a strength test
shall be conducted using water as the medium, and the strength test pressure shall be
1.5 times the design pressure.
(11) After the pipeline strength test is acceptable, an airtightness test shall be
conducted using water and air as the medium. The airtightness test is conducted firstly
using water as the medium and the test pressure shall be 1.05 times the design
pressure. Then use air as the medium to conduct the airtightness test, with the test
pressure being 0.6Mpa.
(12) Buried natural gas pipelines shall be equipped with the permanent marks such as
corner piles, crossover and caution plates and so on. Caution plates shall be installed
in the pipe section easily collided and damaged by vehicles and some protective
measures shall be taken.
8 Gas Turbine Equipment and System
8.1.1 The model selection and technical requirement of gas turbine shall meet the
requirement of GB/T 14099.
When purchasing the gas turbine, the main performance parameters of basic load of
gas turbines under the preset operating conditions:
1. The site rated output, heat efficiency and heat consumption rate of the gas
turbines, and the displacement, pressure and temperature of gas turbines under the
annual average meteorological parameters;
2. The continuous power guaranteed by the gas turbine, under the monthly maximum
average meteorological parameters;
3. The continuous power guaranteed by the gas turbine, under the monthly minimum
average meteorological parameters;
8.1.2 For the units bearing the variation load in the power grid, the performance of the
equipment and system shall meet the requirement for the quick reaction during its
designed life.
8.1.3 The gas turbine and turbine in the combined cycle turbine power plant adopt
either the single-shaft or multiple shaft configuration, which shall be determined
according to the total capacity, site condition of the planned power plant, nature of
load as required by the power grid, and costs, and through a careful analysis and
comparison in economy and technology.
8.1.4 In any of the following cases, heavy gas turbine shall be selected during the
model selection of units:
1. Large capacity of power plant is required;
2. A longer operating period of machine units annually is required
3. For the turbine plant adopting combined cycle;
4. Fuel oil is burned.
8.2 System
8.2.1 Air intake system

1. The air intake filter devices (air suction) of gas turbines shall be able to filter and
ensure the rejection of water and impurities. The system shall be anti-icing in the
bitterly cold areas.
2. For the gas turbine installed on the seashore or areas with severe ambient
environment, the inlet channel shall be effectively corrosion preventative.
3.To mitigate the pollution of gas turbine noise to the environment, the muffler shall
be installed on the inlet channel of gas turbine.
4. Air intake system of gas turbine shall be equipped with recoil blowing filtration
device.
5. The gas turbine installed in the areas with high ambient temperature or high air
humidity shall be equipped with intake cooling device, provided that the costs are
reasonable.
8.2.2 Gas turbine cooling water system

1. The cooling water of gas turbine shall be softened water or desalted water, and the
closed type cooling water system shall be used;
2. There shall be reliable cooling water feed system in the turbine power plant. For
simple cycle turbine power plant, the system shall meet the requirements of the gas
turbine body, auxiliary mechanical equipment of gas turbine and generator in such
parameters as the flow, temperature and pressure. For the combined cycle turbine
power plant, the turbine, heat recovery boiler and their auxiliary mechanical
equipment shall also meet the requirement in the parameter of cooling water system.
3. The cooling water system of combined cycle power generator units shall be
installed per the main pipe system or unit system according to Section 10.2.6.
4. High level water-tank is not required for the open cooling water system while the
closed type cycle cooling water system shall be equipped with high level cooling
water-tank or make-up water system. The elevation of the water-tank shall be
determined according to the height of turbine so that it could be higher than the
highest cooling water equipment of the system and that the requirements of the net
positive suction pressure nozzle of cooling water pump could be met.
8.2.3 Cleaning system of gas turbine

The cleaning system is required for gas turbine. The mode of cleaning shall fall into
online dry cleaning or off-line wet cleaning, categorized by the specific environment
where the units are located, nature of load, and types of fuels.
When the gas turbine is installed in the severe environment or with base load, the
mode of online dry cleaning of gas turbine shall be set.
When the fuel of gas turbine is liquid fuel, the mode of off-line wet cleaning of gas
turbine shall be set.
8.2.4 Water injecting and steam injecting systems of gas turbine

When it is difficult for the gas turbine to make the content of nitrogen oxides meet the
requirement of local environmental protection through changing the combustion
operating condition, the devices of injecting water (salted water excluded) and steam
to the combustion chamber of gas turbine shall be in place.
8.2.5 Blowdown system of gas turbine

The discharged oily sewage pit and the fuel oil oleophobic pit in case of failure of
startup of gas turbine shall be set close to the gas turbine burning the liquid fuel. The
volume of the pit shall be large enough to hold the oily sewage after the cleaning of
gas turbine and discharged oil after the failure of startup of unit, and measures shall be
available to carry the oily sewage respectively to the sewage treatment equipment and
fuel storage equipment.
.
9 Heat Recovery Boilers and System

9.1.1 The type selection and technical requirements of heat recovery boilers of a gas
turbine power plant shall conform to the provisions in JB/T8953.3, and they shall
meet the requirement of quick and frequent startup of gas turbines, with high
reliability and availability ratio. Under the conditions of adopting heavy oil as the fuel
of gas turbines, the heat recovery boilers shall still meet the requirements of
sootblowing, water washing and anti corrosion etc.
9.1.2 The type, number and capacity of heat recovery boilers shall be selected in
accordance with the following requirements:
(1) For heat recovery boilers, the cycle mode, such as forced cycle or natural cycle,
and the layout mode, such as vertical layout or horizontal layout, shall be determined
through technical economic comparison in accordance with specific engineering
conditions.
(2) It is advisable to allocate one heat recovery boiler for one gas turbine of a
combined-cycle generator set.
(3) The capacity of an heat recovery boiler shall be determined in accordance with
discharge characteristics and steam parameters of gas turbines. Heat recovery boilers
shall be capable of effectively absorbing heat discharged from gas turbines and
generating steam conforming to gas turbine requirements under various possible
operating modes of gas turbines.
9.1.3 The rated thermal parameters of heat recovery boilers can be determined in
accordance with the following principles:
(1) During thermodynamic system optimization calculation, a combined consideration
shall be given to heat recovery boilers and steam turbines in accordance with
discharge characteristic design, steam parameters and pressure stage of gas turbines.
(2) The (designed) rated conditions of heat recovery boilers shall be corresponding
with the gas turbines discharge parameters (flow rate, pressure and temperature)
under the annual average meteorological parameters predetermined to operate, and
shall be within the optimal effective range. Also, the steam output, temperature and
boiler efficiency shall be checked under the monthly highest and lowest average
meteorological parameters predetermined to operate.
(3) The heat recovery boiler outlet steam parameter and the gas turbine inlet
parameters shall match mutually.
9.1.4 The exhaust fume temperature of heat recovery boilers shall be more than 10C
higher than the acid dew point temperature of fume.
9.1.5 For the gas turbine power plant employing heavy oil as the fuel, the exhaust
boilers shall be equipped with soot blower system, boiler water cleaning system and
waste water collection system after cleaning. The drainage from the waste water
collection system and the gas turbine cleaning system can be converged and shall,
after neutralizing treatment, be discharged.
The setting of sootblowing layers, the number and layout of sootblowers at each layer
shall be determined in accordance with the content and viscosity of ash in the exhaust
gas from gas turbines so as to achieve the purpose of effectively cleaning heat
recovery boiler heating surface.
9.2 Fume system

9.2.1 Installation principle for flues and smokestacks
(1) Smokestacks shall be installed in accordance with the factors such as generator set
cycle mode, heat recovery boiler type and layout mode and so on. The smokestack
height shall be capable of meeting environmental protection requirements for fume
emission. The smokestack outlet diameter shall be determined in accordance with the
rate of gas discharge and the outlet flow velocity of gas turbines.
It is advisable to install one steel smokestack for each gas turbine of a simple cycle
generator set.
The installation of the bypass smokestack and switching guard board of a combined-
cycle generator set shall be dependent upon operating mode and economic
demonstration. It is allowed that a high capacity combined-cycle generator set is not
equipped with a bypass smokestack.
When vertical heat recovery boilers are adopted, it is advisable to adopt steel
smokestacks and install them at the top of the boilers.
When horizontal heat recovery boilers are adopted, each heat recovery boiler can be
equipped with one smokestack and several heat recovery boilers share one (header-
type) smokestack in accordance with generator set layout conditions.
(2) It is advisable to install a bypass smokestack on the straight reach of a flue so as to

place fume switching guard board door. A guard board door can be installed in an heat
recovery boiler smokestack. It is required to install an expansion joint between the
bypass smokestack flue and the heat recovery boiler inlet flue. An outlet expansion
joint shall be installed between the heat recovery boiler and the boiler smokestack. It
is advisable to install a muffler on the bypass smokestack.
9.2.2 Resistance drop requirements of heat recovery boilers: the resistance of heat
recovery boilers shall be capable of meeting the requirement of gas turbine exhaust
pressure loss and shall be determined through optimization of a complete set of
combined-cycle generator set.
9.2.3 Requirements of the main equipment of the system
(1) The fume switching guard board door of a bypass smokestack must be reliable and
flexible and shall be sealed using sealing air. It is advisable to adopt hydraulic drive
mechanism to drive the guard board door, which can be fixed at three positions: full
closure, 30% ~ 40% opening, and full opening.
(2) It is advisable to respectively install two seal fans (one for operation and the other
for standby) for each heat recovery boiler sootblower system (if adopting steam for
sootblowing) and bypass smokestack switching guard board door. The air quantity
allowance of each seal fan shall not be less than 10%, and the fan pressure head
allowance 20%.
(3) It is advisable to adopt electric mechanism to drive the boiler smokestack guard
board door.

9.3.1 Water supply system determination principle:
The pipeline number and regulating valve capacity of the feed-regulating system shall
be determined in accordance with deaerator allocation and speed regulation feed
pump performance.
When adopting a speed regulation feed pump, the feed pipeline shall be simplified
properly.
If the adopted speed regulation feed pump has full distance regulation performance
and favorable operation performance, it is allowed that the main pipeline is not
equipped with a feed-regulating valve.
9.3.2 Selection of feed pumps and determination of the number and capacity of them
(1) In each water supply system, the total flow rate at the feed pump outlet (not
including standby feed pump) shall not be less than 110% of the sum of the maximum
water supply quantity of all the heat recovery boilers connected to the system and the
high pressure bypass attemperation water spray quantity.
(2) When one heat recovery boiler is equipped with one deaerator, two electric feed
pumps of 100% capacity can be provided in accordance with the water supply
quantity of the heat recovery boiler. When two heat recovery boilers are equipped
with one deaerator, three electric feed pumps of the same capacity can be provided, of
which one is for standby.
(3) The feed pump lift shall be calculated from the sum of the following items:
1) Total medium flow resistance (calculated according to the water supply quantity
under the maximum continuous evaporation amount of an heat recovery boiler) from
the deaerator feed tank outlet to the economizer inlet + 20% allowance.
2) Water column net-head between the normal water level at the exhaust boiler
economizer inlet header and the one at the deaerator feed tank.
3) Feed pressure at the economizer inlet under the maximum continuous evaporation
amount of an heat recovery boiler.
4) Rated working pressure (adopting negative value) of the deaerator.
When there is a fore pump, the sum of the lift of the fore pump and that of the feed
pump shall be more than the sum total of all above items.
In addition to taking account of the total medium flow resistance and net-head
between the fore pump outlet and the feed pump inlet, the fore pump lift shall still
meet the pressure head requirement for ensuring that no vaporization occurs at the
feed pump inlet under the transient load shedding mode of the gas turbine.
9.3.3 Number and capacity of deaerators and feed tanks

(1) Deaerators can employ exhaust boiler low-pressure steam drums for self-
deoxygenation as well as low-pressure heating or condenser vacuum for oxygen
removal.
(2) The total capacity of deaerators shall be selected in accordance with the maximum
feedwater consumption. It is preferred to arrange one deaerator for one heat recovery
boiler, and the feed tank is concurrently used as the heat recovery boiler low-pressure
steam drum. It is also allowed to arrange one deaerator for tw0 heat recovery boilers.
(3) It is preferred that the effective water storage capacity of a feed tank is the
feedwater consumption of an heat recovery boiler under the maximum continuous
evaporation amount for 5min ~ 10min.
(4) The deaerator startup air source can come from the startup boiler or the house
auxiliary steam system or the heat recovery boiler itself. During normal operation, it is
preferred to adopt with preference the steam from the heat recovery boiler itself as the
deaerator heating steam.
(5) In the design of a deaerator and its relevant systems, reliable measures of
preventing the deaerator from overpressure explosion shall be taken. In addition, the
design shall conform to the relevant safety technique regulations on power plant
pressure type deaerator.
9.4 Blowdown and steam exhaust system

9.4.1 The continuous and periodical blowdown system and equipment for an heat
recovery boiler shall be determined in accordance with the following requirements:
(1) For a drum boiler, it is advisable to adopt grade 1 continuous blowdown expansion
system. The continuous blowdown and expansion system shall be provided with a
bypass through which the system can be switched to a secondary steam separator for
periodic blowdown.
(2) The capacity of the secondary steam separator for periodic blowdown shall allow
for the demand for boiler emergency drainage.
9.4.2 Mufflers shall be installed on the heat recovery boilers steam exhaust pipe
towards air and the relief valve steam exhaust pipe with the lowest startup pressure.
10 Steam Turbine Equipment and System

10.1.1 The type selection and technical requirements of the steam turbine equipment
of a gas turbine power plant shall be in accordance with JB/T 8953.2 and relevant
regulations on combined-cycle generator sets.
10.1.2 The maximum steam admission amount of a steam turbine shall match the
maximum evaporation amount of its corresponding heat recovery boiler. For the
generator set in which multiple heat recovery boilers are equipped with a steam
turbine, the maximum steam admission amount of the steam turbine shall match the
sum of the maximum evaporation amount of its corresponding heat recovery boilers.
For the steam admission amount of a steam turbine under the designed operating
mode, some measures shall be taken to ensure the demand for increasing steam
admission amount when manufacturing error exists or the steam turbine has aged.
10.1.3 Each set of combined-cycle generator set shall be equipped with one steam
turbine.
10.1.4 The (designed) rated conditions of a steam turbine shall be corresponding with
the designed rated conditions of an heat recovery boiler under the designed
predetermined operating conditions. Under the designed inlet steam parameter
conditions, ensure that the specified designed nominal output and heat loss rate is
achieved. The steam turbine shall still hold the steam generated by an heat recovery
boiler under the monthly highest and lowest average meteorological parameters
predetermined to operate. The steam turbine output under the corresponding
conditions shall be checked and verified.
10.1.5 The steam turbine inlet steam pressure and temperature is selected according to
the following principles:
(1) The maximum steam turbine inlet steam pressure is the maximum heat recovery
boiler overheater outlet steam pressure minus the pipeline pressure loss. The highest
steam turbine intake temperature is 1.0C ~ 2.0C lower than the highest steam
temperature at the exhaust boiler overheater outlet.
(2) If there is a reheating steam cycle system, the highest steam pressure at the low-
pressure or medium-pressure cylinder inlet of a steam turbine is the highest steam
pressure at the heat recovery boiler reheater outlet minus the pipeline pressure loss in
the reheating section; the highest steam temperature at the low-pressure or medium-
pressure cylinder inlet of the steam turbine is 0.5C ~ 1.0C lower than the highest
steam temperature at the heat recovery boiler reheater outlet.
10.1.6 The performance of the steam turbine of a combined-cycle generator set shall
be adequate to the demand of the generator set load. For the generator set with peak
load and intermediate load, the matching steam turbine shall have the functions of
sliding pressure operation, adapting to frequent and quick startup and shutdown, and
participation in peaking operation.
10.1.7 The steam turbine can reserve extraction points with certain parameters so as to
meet the demand of the auxiliary steam system of the gas turbine power plant.
10.1.8 Reliable measures of preventing water from entering into the steam turbine
shall be taken for the steam turbine equipment and system. Drainage points shall be
arranged at the lowest point on the pipelines such as the main steam line etc connected
with the steam turbine. These drainage ducts shall have sufficient inner diameter and
shall be equipped with power operation drainage valves.

10.2.1 Main steam system
(1) When two or multiple gas turbines and heat recovery boilers are equipped with
one steam turbine (i.e., two-with-one or three-with-one configuration) in a
combined-cycle generator set, each set of main steam system shall employ mother
pipe system.
(2) The main steam system of the combined-cycle generator set with single-axis
configuration shall employ the unit system.
10.2.2 Reheating steam system

(1) When the configuration mode of a combined-cycle generator set is two-with-one
or above, each set of reheating steam line (reheating cold section or reheating hot
section) shall employ the mother pipe system.
(2) The reheating steam line of the combined-cycle generator set with single-axis
configuration shall employ the unit system.
10.2.3 Steam bypass system

(1) The steam bypass system of the combined-cycle power plant shall be able to
timely drain off superfluous steam to the condenser during startup or load shedding of
the steam turbine so as to ensure safety of the heat recovery boiler and steam turbine.
(2) The steam bypass system shall be equipped with corresponding high, medium and
low pressure steam bypasses in accordance with various different pressure stages of
the heat recovery boiler.
(2) The steam bypass system shall employ the unit system; i.e., each heat recovery
boiler shall be provided with respective corresponding steam bypass system. It is
preferred that the capacity of each stage of steam bypass is 100% of the evaporation
amount at each stage of the heat recovery boiler.
10.2.4 Condensation water system

The configuration of the condensation water system and condensate pumps shall be in
accordance with the provisions in DL5000. The selected condensate pump capacity
shall allow for the requirement for condensation water quantity during operation of
the steam bypass.
10.2.5 Condenser equipment

The condenser of the combined-cycle generator set shall have the capability of
condensing the steam discharged from the steam turbine or condensing the steam
simultaneously discharged from all stages of bypasses. The larger vale shall be
adopted.
10.2.6 Industrial cooling water system

(1) For the combined-cycle generator set with single-axis configuration, it is preferred
that the industrial cooling water system employs the mother pipe system.
(2) For the combined-cycle generator set with multi-axis configuration, it is preferred
that the industrial cooling water system employs the unit system, and the mother pipe
system can also be adopted.

11.1.1 The feed water desalting system (including the preliminary desalination
system) shall be determined through technical economic comparison based on the
factors such as raw water quality, quality requirement for the water for gas turbines,
feedwater and boiler water quality standard for heat recovery boilers, water make-up
ratio, blowdown ratio, equipment and medicine supply conditions, and environmental
protection requirements etc.
11.1.2 The total output of the feed water desalting equipment shall be determined
through calculation based on the total normal aqueous vapor loss (including the water
for gas turbines) of the gas turbine power plant and in consideration of the increased
water treatment equipment output and daily operation hours of the generator set due to
generator set startup and accidents.
11.1.3 The total effective volume of desalting water tanks shall be capable of
matching the water treatment equipment output, and meeting the water utilization
demand for gas turbines and acid cleaning of one largest heat recovery boiler or
generator set startup.
When ion exchangers are not provided with regenerative standby equipment, the
desalting water tanks shall still allow for the needed standby water amount during out-
of-operation due to regeneration.

The gas turbine power plant employing heavy oil or crude oil as the fuel shall be
equipped with dosing facilities for adding vanadium inhibitor.
11.3 Feedwater, boiler water correction treatment and steam

sampling in thermodynamic system
11.3.1 Corresponding dosing facilities shall be provided for the calibration of the
feedwater and boiler water of the heat recovery boiler steam turbine generator set in
accordance with the machine boiler type, parameters and hydrochemistry conditions,
and automation shall be taken into account appropriately.
11.3.2 The calibration design of feedwater and boiler water shall be able to meet the
demand of the hydrochemistry conditions during out-of-operation of the heat recovery
boiler steam turbine generator set.
11.3.3 The thermodynamic system with the generator sets of different parameters shall
be equipped with corresponding centralized water vapor sampling devices and
monitoring instruments. The sampling analysis signals can, when necessary, act as the
input signals controlled by relevant systems. A field water vapor analysis laboratory is
not established.
11.4 Circulating cooling water treatment

When there is a possibility of biological growth, corrosion and scaling in the
circulating cooling water system and condenser, corresponding precautions shall be
taken through technical economic comparison and experiment demonstration.
11.5 Preservation
For the equipment, valves and pipelines of the water treatment system that contact
aggressive media and have an impact on water quality, all the surfaces contacting such
media shall be made of corrosion resistant materials or the appropriate corrosion
preventive coating shall be applied on all the surfaces
12 Thermal Process Automation

12.1.1 Characteristics of unit shall be taken into considerations while designing
thermal automation equipment and system of the gas turbine power plant in order to
ensure the safety, economical operation and start/stops of the units.
12.1.2 While designing thermal automatic system and equipment for the gas turbine
power plants, the advanced and quality equipment and components shall be selected
and used.
New products and technology can not be used in design before successful
application experience has been obtained. Imported Products including complete sets
of thermal automation system shall also be the high-tech systems and products with
mature experience.
12.2 Thermal Automation Level

12.2.1 The power plant with gas turbine should adopt centralized control ----- unit
startup, monitoring and adjustment on operating status, stoppage and accident
handling. To achieve the goal, the operator station in the centralized control room or
in-situ control room shall work as the monitoring center and obtain the cooperation of
a few in-situ operators and the inspectors. The requirement for frequent quick
start/stops shall also be met.
12.2.2 Power plant with gas turbine shall adopt Decentralized Control System (DCS),
whose functions include data acquisition and processing, analog control, interlock
protection, sequence control, system monitoring on generator-transformer set and
service power, etc. Bypass system shall be integrated into DCS system. Automatic
control system provided in gas turbine and electro-hydraulic control system(DEH)
shall have communication interfaces with DCS system.
12.2.3 Detecting instruments and actuating unit provided and installed together with
the main and auxiliary equipment shall satisfy the requirements for functions of unit
operation and thermal control automation system and for interfacing technology.
12.3.1 For the gas turbine power plant which is built in stages, generator unit with
simple cycle gas turbine shall adopt local control mode. If the unit is multi-axial
configured, both local and centralized control modes are adopted.
For power plant with combined cycle gas turbine, which is built on a lump-sum
basis, the centralized control mode of gas turbine, heat recovery boiler and turbine and
generator unit (including deaerating and water feeding) shall be adopted.
12.3.2 The following control rooms shall be built in power plant with gas turbine:
1. Centralized control rooms of combined cycle generator unit;
2. Local control room of gas turbine generator.
12.3.3 Three control points shall be set in auxiliary workshop of gas turbine power
plant:
1 Fuel control system (including fuel system control, heavy oil process system
control or system control for natural gas pressure regulating station );
2 System control for chemical feed water;
3 System control for circulating water.
If conditions permit, auxiliary systems of the above control points shall adopt
programmable controller (PLC) to form the network; important signals closely related
to unit shall be connected with unit DCS by means of hard wiring, controlled and
monitored in centralized control room, and with no people on duty in local points.
12.3.4 For power plant adopting natural gas as the fuel, multilevel or single level
pressure regulator equipped with pressure regulating station, including flow
calculation, flowmeter, control device for local monitoring, and important signals
shall be connected to Unit DCS by means of hard wiring.
12.4 Thermal Detection

12.4.1Thermal detection shall include the following items:
1 Main working parameter of gas turbine:

1) Gas exhaust pressure of compressor;
2) Washing water pressure of gas turbine/ compressor;
3) Gas exhaust pressure of gas turbine;
4) Gas exhaust temperature of gas turbine;
5) Room temperature of gas turbine;
6) Dispersion degree of exhausting temperature of gas turbine;
7) Bearing metal temperature of gas turbine;
8) Oil exhausting temperature of bearing lubricant;
9) Oil exhausting temperature of thrusting bearing lubricant;
10) Lubricant main pipe temperature of gas turbine;
11) Vibration of gas turbine;
12) Other parameters defined by gas turbine manufacture.
2 Working parameters of auxiliary machines

3 Supply state and working parameters of instruments, control power supply, air
source and other necessary conditions.
4 Necessary environment parameters.
12.4.2 Primary instruments used for measuring oil, water and steam shall not be
introduced into control room. Measuring instruments for Combustible gas parameters
shall possess the appropriate anti-explosion measures, and their primary instruments
are forbidden to come into any control room.
12.4.3 Any instruments harmful to human body shall not be used inside power plant
with gas turbine. Instruments containing mercury are forbidden.
14.4.4 Local thermal detection instruments shall be available in power plant of gas
turbine, by means of which operators can conduct on-site inspection and local
operation.
12.5 Thermal Protection

12.5.1Thermal protection shall meet the following requirements:
1 Thermal protection system shall be designed with measures that can prevent false
or miss operations, and power supply interruption and recovery of protection system
shall not generate operation instructions.
2 Thermal protection systems shall comply with the following independence
principles:
1) Logic controllers of tripping protection systems in gas turbine, heat recovery
boiler and steam turbine shall be independently set with redundancy;
2) Protection system shall have separate channels for input/output signals (I/O)
and electrical isolating measures;
3) Redundant I/O signals shall be introduced by means of different I/O modules;
4) Switching quantity instruments and transducers of protection signals for
trigger unit shall be separately set;
5) Instrument commands of unit tripping shall not be conveyed by
communication bus.
3 During unit operation, protection circuit of unit tripping shall be able to
conduct operation test while normal operation of unit is not affected.
4 Tripping buttons of stopping gas turbine and stopping steam turbine and stepout
generator shall be set on console. Tripping buttons shall be directly connected to
stopping gas turbine, stopping gas turbine and driving circuit.
5 Event sequence record shall be made for protection operation reasons of
stoppage and blowing-out; and accident-recalling function shall also be available.
6 Instructions output from thermal protection system shall enjoy priority over
any other instructions.
7 Protection of power plant with gas turbine shall be brought into decentralized
control system and implemented by unit DCS. Control devices provided with main
equipment shall have communication interface with decentralized control system.
12.5.2 Under one of the following conditions, smoke by-pass door shall be opened (if
there is bypass chimney) to implement appropriate protection operation.
1 Emergency shutdown of gas turbine;
2 Emergency shutdown of heat recovery boiler;
3 Emergency shutdown of steam turbine;
4 Tripping of turbo-dynamo.
12.5.3 Main protections of gas turbine:

1 Overspeed of gas turbine;
2 High exhausting temperature of gas turbine;
3 Excessive vibration of gas turbine;
4 Excessively high temperature of lubricant;
5 Excessively low temperature of lubricant;
6 Lower pressure difference of sealing oil;
7 Excessively low oil pressure for breaking control;
8 Excessively high exhausting pressure of gas turbine;
9 Flameout of firebox;
10 Area of gas turbine on fire;
11 Manual shut-down;
12 Other protections of gas turbine.
12.5.4 Main protections of the heat recovery boiler:

1 Excessively high or low water level in steam drum;
2 Excessively low water level in deaerator;
3 Main vapor pressure protection;
4 Smaller flow in boiler water circulating pump;
5 Other protection items of heat recovery boiler.
12.5.5 Main protections of the steam turbine:

Per the stipulations in 12.6.5 in DL5000-2000.
12.6 Control of thermal switching quantity and Interlock

12.6.1 Functions of switching quantity control shall meet the control requirements for
unit startup, stoppage and normal working behavior, and can implement control
operation on unit under the condition of accidents and abnormal behavior to ensure
the safety of unit. Its function includes:
1 Realizing automatic start-stop of gas turbine;
2 Realizing sequence control, control operation and test operation on
main/auxiliary machines, valves and baffle;
3 Interlock control between large sized auxiliary and its relevant cooling
system, lubricating system, and sealing system;
4 Start relevant equipment in interlocking way when tripping happens at partial
equipment;
5 Implementing status alarming, linkage and protection of single rotating
machine.
12.6.2 The following auxiliary machines requiring regular operations shall adopt the
sequence control.
1 Feed water pump of heat recovery boiler;
2 Soot blowing of heat recovery boiler;
3 Regular blow-off of waste boiler;
4 Bypass smoke switching baffle and sealing system
12.6.3 There shall be the following interlock items between auxiliary machines of
heat recovery boiler:
Interlock of large scale auxiliary machine (feed water pump, boiler water circulating
pump) with its lubricating system, cooling and sealing systems; self-starting interlock
with stand-by pump when working pump suffers from emergency tripping in system.
12.6.4 The following parts shall be interlocked between auxiliary machines of steam
turbines:
1 Interlock of AC lubricant pump, DC lubricant pump, jacking oil pump in lubricant
system and barring gear with lubricating oil pressure;
2 Interlock of condensate removal pump, drain pump, circulating water pump and
other kinds of pumps with their corresponding pressures;
3 Self-starting interlock of stand-by pump while working pump suffers from
emergency tripping;
4 Interlock of all kinds of pumps with their inlet and outlet electric valves.
12.6.5 When the sequence control function of unit is not under the decentralized
control system, the programmable controller shall be used to realize the function,
which shall provide communication interface with decentralized control system.
Programmable controller can fulfill switching quantity control of auxiliary process
system.
12.6.6 Sequence control shall be designed adhering to the principle of protection and
interlock first. If protection or interlock instructions appear in the process of
sequence control, control process shall be interrupted and process system shall operate
according to protection and interlock instruments.
If, in the process of automatic operation, sequence control fails or is interrupted by
operator, the program in process shall be interrupted and process system shall be in
safety status.
Sequence control system shall have measures preventing misoperation.
12.7 Control of thermal analog quantity

12.7.1 The unit in power plant with gas turbine shall be equipped with perfect thermal
analog quantity control system. The coordination control on gas turbineheat
recovery boilersteam turbine shall also be taken into consideration, and it is
recommended that control mode shall follow the sequence of gas turbine, heat
recovery boiler, steam turbine. Control circuit of each analog quantity control system
shall be designed with the principle of practicality and reliability, and at the same
time, shall meet the requirements of unit for safe and economical operations in the
starting process and on different loading stages. Besides, measures of coordinating
control shall be considered for corresponding interlock protection in case of accident
and abnormal working conditions.
12.7.2 The regulating system of gas turbine in power plant shall possess the functions of
temperature control, revolving speed control, load control, automatic start-stoppage, overspeed
protection. Steam turbine shall be equipped with electro-hydraulic control system, and steam
turbine load shall be controlled according to the steam energy volume output by heat recovery
boiler.
12.7.3 In automatic control system of power plant, control modes shall be set with
switching logic which can perform two-way undisturbed switching.
12.7.4 Transducer of important control items on thermal analog quantity shall be set
with in double or triple way.
12.7.5 Analog control in power plant shall at least include the following items:
1 Revolving speed, load and temperature regulations of gas turbine;
2 Guide blade adjustments at the inlet of compressor;
3 Temperature regulations of main pipe of lubricant;
4 Temperature regulations at air outlet of atomizing air precooler;
5 Water level regulations in hot well of condenser;
6 Water level and pressure regulation in deaerator;
7 Main steam pressure and temperature regulations;
8 Water level regulations in steam drum.
12.8.1Thermal alarming shall include the following content:

1 Main thermal parameters of process system deviate from the normal range of
operation;
2 Thermal protection action and failures of auxiliary equipment;
3 Failure of thermal monitoring system;
4 Failure of thermal power source or air source;
5 Failure of main electric equipment;
6 Failure of auxiliary system.
12.8.2 All the calculated values of analog quantity input, digital quantity input, analog
quantity output, digital quantity output and intermediate variables in decentralized
control system can be used as alarming source of data collecting system.
12.8.3All the alarming items within functions of decentralized control system shall be
able to be indicated on display and printed on printer. False alarming signals shall be
checked in the process of unit start-stoppage.
12.9.1 Supplier shall provide control device of gas turbine along with gas turbine,
whose type selection shall stick to the principle of maturity and reliability. Control
device of gas turbine shall possess the functions of data collecting and processing,
automatic control, protection and interlock, and shall provide hardware and software
(communication protocol and communication data list) used for communicating with
external system. Special communication interface shall be available for
communication with microcomputer decentralized control system of combined cycle
generator unit. The following factors shall be taken into considerations when we
select proper communication protocol:
1 Computers at the two ends of communication link shall be compatible;
2 Proper data format shall be available to achieve the required functions;
3 Adequate communication rate.
12.9.2 Electro-hydraulic control system of steam turbine shall be provided by steam

turbine plant, and the model selection shall be based on the principle of maturity and
reliability. When control system of steam turbine does not conform to the type of
decentralized control system, the dedicated communication interface shall be
available.
12.9.3 Decentralized control system of combined cycle unit shall perform two-way
communication with control devices of gas turbines and electro-hydraulic control
devices of steam turbine by means of communication interface.
12.9.4 If the power plant owns 2 sets of units or more, and there are more synergic
systems (for example, service power system, air compressor system), it is better to set
decentralized control system for synergic systems which are respectively connected
with decentralized control systems of each unit, thus realizing centralized
management in the whole plant.
12.9.5 After combined cycle unit adopts decentralized control system, operator station
shall be regarded as the center of monitoring and control, and at the same time, a few
operating equipment shall be available to ensure the safety of stoppage.
Stand-by monitoring equipment shall be configured according to the following
stipulations:
1 When decentralized control system suffer global or grave failure (i.e. power
supply of decentralized control system disappears; communication breaks down; all
operator stations fail to function), the following conventional operating means
independent from decentralized control system shall set to ensure emergence safety
stoppage of unit:
1) Tripping of gas turbine;
2) Tripping of steam turbine;
3) Tripping of generator-transformer set;
4) Wicket of steam drum accident;
5) vacuum destruction door of steam turbine;
6) AC and DC oil pump;
7) Safety gate of heat recovery boiler (not applicable to mechanical gate).
2. It is advised not to equip control system with stand-by manipulator.
12.10 Monitoring Information management system at factory level
12.10.1 Where the planning capacity of power plant is 1200MW or more, and the
capacity of one set of combined cycle unit is more than 300MW, factory-level real-
time monitoring system can be set. The Monitoring system shall have good
communication interface with decentralized control system of each unit and public
auxiliary system.
12.10.2 Other requirements shall conform to the stipulations by 12.10.2~12.10.4 in

DL50002000.
13 Electrical equipment and system
13.1.1 The model selection and technical requirements of generator and excitation
system shall meet the requirements of GB/T 7064, GB/T7409, DL/T843 and
DL/T650.
13.1.2 The conditions for selecting the capacity of generator and gas turbine shall be
coordinated with each other. Under conditions of the rated frequency, rated voltage,
rated power, rated hydrogen pressure (e.g. using the hydrogen cooling), as well as the
preset annual average air temperature and primary cooling medium temperature, the
rated capacity of simple-cycle generator shall be selected according to the field rated
power of gas turbine. And the maximum continuous capacity of generator shall be
selected according to the generator power of gas turbine under the conditions of preset
monthly minimum average air temperature and primary cooling medium temperature.
The generator in uniaxial combined-cycle set shall also consider the corresponding
power of coaxial steam turbine. The capacity of steam-turbine generator in multiaxial
combined-cycle set shall conform to the capacity of steam turbine.
13.1.3 The allowed number of daily and yearly stops/starts of generator unit in the gas
turbine power plant shall meet the requirements of preset operation mode and load
features.
13.1.4 When the peak regulating generator of the gas-turbine power plant adopts the
unit-system wiring of generator transformer, it is better to use a boost voltage to
connect the double-winding transformer to the power system.
13.1.5 The technical conditions of generator with capacity of 300MW or higher shall
comply with the stipulations specified in DL5000-2000.
13.1.6 The main transformer shall be selected per DL5000-2000 Section 13.1.3-3.1.8.
3.2 Main electrical wiring

13.2.1 The peak-load regulating generator of the gas-turbine power plant shall adopt
the unit-system wiring of generator transformer for accessing the system, and on the
high-voltage side, the oil-free circuit breaker suitable for frequent operation shall be
selected.
13.2.2 When the peak regulating generator of the gas-turbine power plant adopts the
unit-system wiring of generator transformer, the installation and setup of breaker at
the generator outlet shall be determined through proper technical argumentation.
When the non-peaking generator of the gas-turbine power plant adopts the unit-
system wiring of generator transformer, the installation and setup of breaker at the
generator outlet shall follow the stipulations in Section 12.16 of GB50049-1994 and
in Section 13.2.8 of DL5000-2000.
13.2.3 The voltage of generator in generator unit with capacity of 60MW or lower can
be selected according to the following conditions:
1. When there is the generator voltage direct wiring, it shall adopt 6.3kV or
10.5V per the local network requirements;
2. When the generator and main transformer adopt the unit connection and there
is the outgoing house-service branch line, it is better to adopt 6.3kV. If
technically and economically reasonable, it is allowed to adopt other level of
voltage.
13.2.4 In addition to above stipulations, the main electrical wiring shall also comply
with the stipulations in Section 12.1.2~12.1.9 of GB50049-1994 and Section
13.2.2~13.2.13 of DL5000-2000.

13.3.1 The house-service working power supply of multiaxial combined-cycle
generator unit can be acquired from the gas turbine generator unit. The house-service
load of turbine generator unit can be connected to the corresponding house bus of
turbine generator unit.
13.3.2 Setup of high-voltage house standby or startup/standby power supply:

1. Uniaxial and multiaxial combined-cycle generator unit shall be configured
according to the required capacity level of each generator unit. The simple-
cycle generator unit shall be configured according to the required capacity
level of each gas turbine generator unit.
2. When there is not equipped with any breaker at the generator outlet of
peaking generator transformer set in the gas turbine power plant, there shall
be 1 set (group) of high-voltage house-service startup/standby transformer
(reactor, power supply). When there is not equipped with any breaker at the
generator outlet of 2 or more generator transformer sets, the configuration of
its high-voltage house-service startup/standby transformer (reactor, power
supply) shall comply with the stipulations specified in Section 12.2.6~12.2.7
and Section 12.2.10 of GB50049-1994 and Section 13.3.10~13.3.11 and
Section 13.3.13~13.3.14 of DL5000-2000. The high-voltage house-service
startup/standby transformer (reactor, power supply) shall not be less than 2
sets (groups) and the low-voltage (feed) sides shall interconnected.
3. The configuration of high-voltage house-service startup/standby transformer
(reactor, power supply) of non-peaking generator unit in gas turbine power
plant shall comply with the stipulations specified in Section 12.2.6~12.2.7 and Section
12.2.10 of GB50049-1994 and Section 13.3.10~13.3.11 and Section 13.3.13~13.3.14 of
DL5000-2000.
4. When the breaker is installed at the generator outlet of generator transformer
unit in gas turbine power plant, every 4 sets or less shall be equipped with 1
set (group) of high-voltage house-service startup/standby transformer
(reactor, power supply). If the whole plant has 5 or more sets with equal
capacity, one more high-voltage house-service working transformer (reactor)
without power on may be installed as standby unit.
13.3.3 When the peak regulating generator unit of the gas-turbine power plant adopts
the unit-system wiring of generator transformer unit and there is no circuit breaker
installed at the generator outlet, a common load transformer with power supply from
the system shall be set, which also serves as the startup/standby transformer. The
standby power supply shall be available for the common load, and the standby power
supply shall come from one separate power supply.
The non-peak-regulation generator unit of gas turbine power plant, such as the
common load, shall normally be powered by a set (group) of high-voltage house-
service startup/standby transformer (reactor, power supply). It is necessary, during the
overhaul of high-voltage house-service startup/standby transformer (reactor, power
supply), to use the first set (group) of high-voltage house-service transformer (reactor)
to take over all common load or use the first set (group) and second set (group) of
high-voltage house-service working transformer to respectively take over 50%
common load.
13.3.4 AC protection power supply:

1. Uniaxial and multiaxial combined-cycle generator unit is better to be setup
with AC protection power supply according to the capacity level requirement
of each generator unit;
2. When the capacity of simple-cycle and combined-cycle generator is 200MW
or higher, it shall be equipped with AC protection power supply.
3. For non-peaking gas turbine which generator capacity is lower than 200MW,
it necessary to determine the setup of AC protection power supply according
to the vendors requirement.
4. If the peaking gas turbine generator unit and the turning motor require AC
power supply, AC protection power supply shall be set.
13.3.5 The number of sections of high/low-voltage house-service bus for each gas
turbine generator unit shall coordinate with the number of auxiliary units. The number
of sections of high/low-voltage house-service bus for each heat recovery boiler shall
be set according to the stipulations in GB50049-1994 Section 12.2.11 and DL5000-
2000 Section 13.3.l6.
13.3.6 The starting load of gas turbine power plants generator unit shall connect to
the section of house-service working bus connecting the same unit.
13.3.7 The high-voltage house-service transformer of gas-turbine power plants
generator unit is better to adopt the outdoor layout. The high-voltage switch cabinet,
low-voltage house-service transformer and low-voltage power center are better to
adopt the indoor layout and can be deployed in the corresponding module. The low-
voltage motor control center and DC system of set itself can be deployed in the
electrical control module.
13.3.8 The low-voltage house-service transformer of combined-cycle generator unit,

simple-cycle generator unit and network control building shall adopt the dry-type
transformer.
13.3.9 The high/low-voltage operation equipment of gas-turbine power plants peak

regulating generator unit shall respectively adopt the high-voltage vacuum breaker,
vacuum contactor or low-voltage contactor suitable for frequency operation.
13.3.10 When used as the emergency power supply, the gas-turbine power plant shall
be equipped additionally with one independent power supply for black-start.
13.3.11 In addition to above stipulations, The house-service system of gas-turbine
power plant shall also comply with Section 12.2.1~12.2.14 in GB50049-1994 and
Section 13.3.1~13.3.22 in DL5000-2000.
13.4 DC system
13.4.1 For generators with capacity of 200MW or lower, each set shall be equipped
with a set of power unit, for controlling the common accumulator or power unit and
the separately-powered two accumulator units. For generator with capacity higher
than 200MW, each set can be equipped with 2 groups of accumulators (power,
controlling combined supply) or 3 groups of accumulators (2 for powering the control
load, and 1 for driving load).
13.4.2 In addition to above stipulations, the DC system of gas-turbine power plant
shall also comply with Section 12.6.1~12.6.9 in GB50049-1994 and Section
13.4.1~13.4.8 in DL5000-2000.
13.5 High-voltage power distribution unit

The high-voltage distribution unit of gas-turbine power plant shall comply with
GB50049-1994 Section 12.3.l~12.3.2 and DL5000-2000 Section 13.5.l~13.5.2.
13.6 Electrical control building

The electrical control building of gas-turbine power plant shall comply with
GB50049-1994 Section 12.5.l~12.5.2 and DL5000-2000 Section 13.6.1~13.6.2.
13.7 Electric measurement instruments

The electric measurement instruments of gas-turbine power plant shall comply with
GB50049-1994 Section12.8.l and DL5000-2000 Section 13.7.1~13.7.3.
13.8.1 The simple-cycle generator unit shall adopt the local control module
(computer) supplied with the sets to realize the local control. The combined-cycle
generator unit shall adopt the unit-system control, to realize control in the centralized
control room. Each (or multiple) set shall be setup with a centralized control room.
The control part of electric network shall be located in the centralized control room.
The electrical components of electric network shall adopt the computer monitoring or
heavy-current one-to-one control.
13.8.2 The combined-cycle gas-turbine power plant shall adopt the PC distributed
control system (DCS) to monitor the gas turbine generator unit, heat recovery boiler,
turbine generator unit as well as the electrical house-service power supply. The
electrical connection with DCS shall follow the corresponding secondary wiring
engineering stipulations.
13.8.3 In addition to above stipulations, the secondary wiring of gas-turbine power

plant shall also comply with GB50049-1994 Section 12.7.1~12.7.9 and DL5000-2000
Section 13.8.1~13.8.14.
13 Lighting system
13.9.1 The lighting system of gas-turbine power plant shall comply with GB50049-
1994 Section 12.10.1~12.10.5 and DL5000-2000 Section 13.9.1~13.9.5.
13.9.2 For the gas-turbine power plant equipped with AC emergency protection power
supply, the connection of emergency lighting shall comply with DL5000-2000 Section
13.9.2 Clause 2.

13.10.1 The main factory buildings, oil transport and other combustible/explosion
areas shall adopt Class C noncombustible cables.
13.10.2 In addition to above stipulations, the cable selection and laying of gas-turbine
power plant shall also comply withDL5000-2000 Section 13.10.1~13.10.2 and
13.10.4~13.10.5.
13.11 Other electrical facilities

13.11.1 The other electrical facilities of gas-turbine power plant shall comply with the
following stipulations:
l. The plant communication shall comply with GB50049-1994
Section12.13.l~13.13.5 and DL5000-2000 Section 13.11.1~13.11.5;
2. The system communication shall comply withDL50049-1994 Section
13.12.1~13.12.3;
3. The relay protection and safety automatic unit shall comply with the stipulations
set out in GB50062 and GB14285. The over-voltage protection and grounding shall
comply with the stipulations set out in DL/T620 and DL/T621. The electrical units in
explosion/fire-hazardous areas shall comply with GB50058. The design of
dispatching automation shall comply with DL5003;
4. For gas-turbine power plant with single-machine capacity lower than 25MW, the
electrical facility repair and test shall comply with GB50049-1994 Section 12.14.1~12.14.2.
The design of gas turbine shall follow and execute relevant national and local water-related laws
and standards and shall realize the water saving and prevent the effluent polluting the environment
through relevant water management and engineering measures.

14.2.1 The assurance rate of cooling water source shall comply with the following requirements:
l. When using the surface water as the source, the assurance rate of plant water shall be
designed per DL5000-2000 Section 14.2.2 and Section 14.3.l. The water supply assurance rate of
combined-cycle generator unit with peaking load may be 95%;
2. When using the ground water as the source, the water intake amount shall not exceed the
allowed the exploitation volume per the water balance calculation in dry years or continuous dry
years.
14.2.2 DC and circulating water-supply systems shall be calculated for optimization per the yearly
average water levels, water temperatures and yearly average weather parameters and in
combination with the turbine operation mode and features.
14.2.3 The maximum calculated temperature of cooling water for DC or circulating water supply
systems shall be determined respectively per day & night average water temperatures or day &
night average weather parameters for 10% of days in yearly hottest period (per March).
14.2.4 The water supply system shall adopt the mother tube system or expanded unit system.
When the single-machine capacity of gas turbine in gas-turbine power plant is 100MW or higher,
it is also feasible to adopt the unit-system water supply system.
14.2.5 The inlet/outlet valves and linking valves of condenser, inlet/outlet valves and linking
valves of circulating water pumps as well as other valves needing automatic control shall adopt the
electric valves.
14.2.6 The model selection of cooling tower shall adopt the natural vent cooling tower. Combined-
cycle units having peaking load or located in high-temperature/humidity regions or other special
conditions may adopt mechanical vent cooling towers. In regions seriously short of water, air-
cooling tower or condenser may be adopted.

14.3.1 The requirements of fencer, filter, steel gate, hoisting and opening/closing facilities,
flushing and dust clearing facilities as well as ice/sand/grass-resistance measures in surface water
intake construction can be defined per the set capacity according to DL5000 or GB50049.
14.3.2 The designed elevation of floor at the gate of water pump room shall be level of 1% flood +
level of 2% wave + 0.5m, not be lower than the level of 0.1% flood, and also be with measures
preventing wave rising. Otherwise, the pump room shall have flood-prevention measures.
14.3.3 When taking water from rivers with slow and large rise/fall in water level, it is better to
adopt floating or cable-car water intaking facilities.
14.3.4 The circulating water pump shall be installed in phases according to the planned capacity
and number of sets. The number of circulating water pumps installed in the first phase shall not be
less than 2. If the circulating water pump is deployed in the gas turbine room, each set shall be
equipped with 2 pumps. A connection pipe shall be installed between condenser water intake pipes
of 2 gas turbines.
14.3.5 When using the seawater as the cooling water source, the circulating water pump, dust-
clearing equipment, flushing pump, drainage pump and valves as well as parts directing contacting
the seawater shall adopt the seawater erosion-resistant materials or measures, and shall also adopt
measuring preventing sea organisms breeding and attaching in the drainage constructions and
equipment.
14.3.6 When the outlet diameter of circulating water pump is equal to or larger than 450mm, it is
allowed not to install the stop valve. But, the outlet valve of pump shall select the electric butterfly
valve or hydraulic buffer stop butterfly valve.
14.3.7 The central intake supply pump shall not be less than 2 sets, of which one is used for
standby purpose.
14.3.8 The number of standby tube wells shall be decided per 15%~20% of production wells but
shall not be less than 1.

14.4.1 The number of supply and drainage trenches can be decided per the actual engineering
conditions. When adopting the mother tube for water supply, the supply/drainage trenches
reaching the planned capacity shall not be less than 2 and may be constructed per the actual
engineering conditions.
14.4.2 The number of main water supply pipes shall be decided according to the planned capacity
and water source condition of power plant. When other water supply measure is available, it is
allowed to adopt one main pipe.
14.4.3 The material of pressure pipeline can be determined according to the actual condition of
each project and upon the technical and economic comparison. The artesian pipes and trenches are
better to adopt the reinforced concrete structure.
15 Auxiliary and Accessory facilities

15.0.1 Newly-built gas-turbine power plant shall adopt the local-cooperative overhaul mode
according to the local conditions. The power plant is only responsible for the maintenance and
ordinary check, but shall be equipped tools necessary for emergency repair.
15.0.2 The gas-turbine power plant shall be equipped with the necessary technical monitoring
facilities according to the actual needs. The similar labs and monitoring stations are better to be
co-located. The infrequently-used, expensive equipment and instruments shall be wholly arranged
per local cooperative method.
15.0.3 Oil turbine power plant shall build chemical lab and be equipped fuel-specific trace-
element analyzer, water-contained oil analyzer as well as other necessary instrument and
equipment.
15.0.4 The gas-turbine power plant may not build the room for centrally treating the gas
turbine/steam turbine lubricant and transformer insulation oil. If analyzed and deemed unqualified,
the gas turbine/steam turbine lubricant shall be replaced. The transformer insulation oil shall be
periodically cleaned using the movable lubricant equipment.
Every 2 steam turbines may be equipped with one lubricant cleaning unit or each steam turbine
may be equipped with one small-capacity online lubricant cleaning unit.
15.05 When it is necessary to set up a startup boiler, oil or gas quick-package boiler shall be
adopted. To determine the capacity of startup boiler, the steam amount required for the oil heating
and oil treatment during the startup process, for the startup of the steam turbine in uniaxial
combined-cycle generator unit, and deoxidizer startup as well as the heating in bitterly cold
regions shall be considered.
15.0.6 The compressed air system setup of gas-turbine power plant shall directly follow the
stipulations of DL5000.
15.0.7 For the heat recovery boiler and other main heating power equipment of gas-turbine power
plant, the necessary erosion-preventive measures during the shutdown shall be adopted.
16 Building and structure
16.1.1 During the building design, the floor layout, elevation design, color arrangement, fencing
method as well as the material selection shall be conducted according to the outdoor and indoor
layouts of gas turbines and with considering the ambient environment, natural conditions, building
materials and technical factors. It is also necessary to properly arrange the relation between
functions of buildings (constructions), and notice the conformity of buildings (constructions) to
the surrounding environment.
16.1.2 The design of auxiliary, accessory and domestic buildings of gas-turbine power plant shall
follow the principle of land saving and may adopt the multi-storey or combined buildings.

16.2.1 Fire protection, explosion protection and safe evacuation:
1. The design for fire protection of each building in gas-turbine power plant shall be conducted
according to the stipulations in GBJ16 and follow GB50229, DLry5094 and other related
standards.
2. The factory buildings shall have the corresponding fireproofing design per the process layout.
The fire-resistant grade of walls and components shall match the requirements. Each factory
building in the gas-turbine power plant shall be able to form a fireproofing area.
3. Such factory buildings as main control room and steam turbine room shall be treated
according to GB50229.
4. The explosion-proof design of factory buildings shall comply with the following
requirements:
l) The factory building prone to danger of explosion shall adopt the separate, one-floor layout,
and have the good natural vent or mechanical vent;
2) The explosion-hazardous factory buildings rest rooms and offices may be arranged close to
the outside wall but shall adopt Class 1 or 2 fire-resistant building and shall be separated
with noncombustible protection wall which fire-retardant limit is not lower than 3h. In
addition, their entrances shall be direct to the outdoor area;
3) The underground trench/ditch of factory buildings using and storing combustible/explosive
liquids shall not be connected to the trench/ditch of adjacent factory buildings. The sewage
shall be equipped with water seal or oil-separation facilities;
4) The floors in natural gas pressure-regulating stations, hydrogen supply stations and oil
treatment room as well as other similar buildings shall adopt non-sparking materials;
5) After being closed automatically, the fireproofing doors shall be able to be opened at either
side manually. The doors of cable rooms and vertical shafts shall select the fireproofing
doors which fire-retardant limit is not lower than 36min.
5. The setup of factory buildings safety evacuation exits shall comply with the following
requirements:
l) The factory buildings safety evacuation exits shall not be less than 2. If only designed with
one, it shall comply with GBJ16 (2001) Section 3.5.1: the distance of safety evacuation
exit shall meet the fireproofing safety requirements;
2) Factory buildings with length over 100m must have the middle stairs and middle evacuation
exits;
3) There shall be enclosed stair(s), near the main entrances/exits, directly leading to each floor
and roof. At the extension side of factory building, there shall be indoor or outdoor stair(s)
directly leading to each floor/roof as the second safety exit.
16.2.2 Noise reduction, vibration isolation and heat insulation/separation:
1. The noise produced by equipment during the production shall be controlled from its source.
Noise shall be reduced for the gas turbine generator unit, boiler room and steam turbine room, and
the corresponding noise separation, reduction and absorption measures shall be implemented. The
noise control design shall comply with GBJ87.
2. Vibration sources shall be controlled, to prevent the hazard of vibrations. Vibration insulating
3. Heat insulation/separation design principle shall be ensured according to the geographical
and climate conditions at the plant site. The detailed design shall meet relevant stipulations in
DL5053, GBJ19 and other relevant stipulations.
16.2.3 Lighting and natural ventilation:
1. The buildings shall give priority to the natural lighting. The indoor natural lighting luminance
of buildings shall comply with the requirements of GB/T50033. The lighting of gas turbine rooms,
steam turbine rooms and combined-cycle set factory buildings shall not be too intensive and shall
not be affected due to the shelter of equipment. The side window design shall consider the energy
saving of buildings and easiness for cleaning, and shall avoid the layout of large-area glass
window.
2. If the factory buildings have large span, it is feasible to adopt the combined lighting of side
window and roof. The lighting grade may be designed per Grade V. the lighting calculation point
is respectively the middle span point and the point 1m to insider wall.
3. Common buildings are better to adopt the natural vent. The vent holes in walls and upstairs
shall be reasonably arranged, to avoid the short circuit and flowing backward of airflow and
minimize the dead angles of airflow.
16.2.4 Waterproofing and drainage:
1. The floors in gas turbine rooms, steam turbine rooms and combined-cycle set factory
buildings as well as other grounds/floors requiring frequent flushing shall consider the well-
arranged drainage.
2. The floors in the fuel pump rooms and oil treatment rooms shall oil/ grease resistant and slip
resistant and easy for flushing and cleaning.
3. All indoor trenches, ducts, tunnels, basements and ditches shall have proper drainage design
and reliable waterproofing/drainage facilities. If artesian drainage is unavailable, it is necessary to
adopt the mechanical drainage and prevent any reverse flow. The cable ducts shall not be used as
the drainage path of flushing water and other water.
4. The roofing of buildings shall adopt the field-casting reinforced concrete structure (overall
casting layer required for overall roofing assembly) and shall select superior waterproofing
materials and well-arranged drainage.
16.2.5 Indoor/outdoor improvement:
1. The indoor improvement of buildings shall follow GB50222. Walls, floors and ceilings shall
be decorated according to the corresponding usage requirements, and shall meet relevant fire-
protection and usage requirements.
2. The outdoor fitment of buildings shall be simple and clear, and be coordinated with the
ambient environment. The selection of outdoor fitment materials shall conform to the structure and
shapes of factory buildings as well as relevant process requirements.
3. The indoor/outdoor fitment standards of buildings shall comply with DL/T5029.
16.3 Factory building structure

16.3.1 The gas turbine or combined-cycle generator unit factory buildings shall adopt the steel
structure. The frame of steam turbine factory buildings shall adopt the reinforced concrete
structure, and ff feasible, steel structure or combined structure may be adopted.
16.3.2 When the factory building frame span is 18m or less, it is better to adopt the reinforced
concrete frame. When the span is 2lm~33m, it is better to adopt the light steel frame or steel
frame. When the span is larger than 33m, steel frame shall be adopted. If considering the adoption
of grid structure, it shall be determined on the basis of technical and economic comparison.
16.3.3 The reinforced concrete factory building roofing can adopt the prefab reinforced concrete
large plate or field-casting reinforced concrete roofing plate with the die-mould plate as mold.
16.3.4 The selection of factory buildings retaining structure shall address the bearing structure. It
may adopt the air bricks, building-block bricks or reinforced concrete wall plates. The steel-
structure factory buildings shall adopt the insulation or non-insulation metal die-mould plate
retaining structure according to the weather conditions.
16.3.5 The structure components shall meet the requirements of bearing force, stability,
deformation resistance, crack resistance and earthquake resistance according to the extreme
bearing condition and normal extreme conditions. When the component bears any moving load,
the dynamic check computation shall be made.
16.3.6 The vertical thermal expansion joints of factory buildings shall adopt the two-bar, two-layer
rack. The joint interval shall meet DL5000.
16.3.7 If other buildings (constructions) are adjacent to the factory buildings and the building
sizes, quality and groundwork are much different between them, the settlement joint and
settlement observation point shall be setup.
16.3.8 The groundwork and foundation design shall adopt reasonable form according tot eh
engineering and geological data, usage requirement of each building (construction)s as well as
structural load, and correspondingly select the groundwork treatment method, and if necessary,
check compute the settlement and stability.
The foundation design for extending factory building shall consider the impact on the original
buildings (constructions).
16.3.9 The anti-seismic requirement of buildings (constructions) shall comply with GB50011,
GB50191 and GB50260.
16.3.10 The active load of factory buildings shall be selected according to the single-machine
turbine capacity of combined-cycle generator unit and the stipulations in DL5022 and DLff5095.
The active load of gas turbine or combined-cycle generator unit factory buildings shall be
determined according to the process/usage requirements as well as the actual engineering
conditions.
16.3.11 The building floors and underground ditch waterproofing/drainage design shall comply
with the following requirements:
l. The building floors and grounds requiring frequent flushing shall be designed with the
drainage slope and measures. Floors with electrical equipment shall take reliable waterproofing
measures and arrange the drainage;
2. The underground trenches shall follow the principle of Both Proofing and Drainage.
Various trenches shall be planned in a whole and it is strictly prohibited of mixed arrangement of
trenches/ditches with different natures;
3. In addition to the accommodation of process layout demands, the width of cable ducts shall
also consider the construction/repair requirement. The ducts shall be designed with vertical
drainage slope. When the width is 800mm or higher, horizontal slope shall be adopted. The
vertical gradient is 0.3%~0.5%, and the horizontal gradient is 1%~3%;
4. The outdoor duct wall shall be higher than the floor by at least 100mm;
5. The trenches with erosive media shall have the proper erosion-proof measures, and shall
comply with GB50046;
6. The trench cover shall be double-reinforced.
16.3.12 The design of fuel pump room and oil treatment room shall consider the explosion
proofing and pressure release, and shall adopt the reinforced concrete frame bearing structure.
Settlement joint shall be designed between the underground fuel pump room, auxiliary control
room, repair room and other auxiliary buildings.
16.4 Buildings
16.4.1 For gas turbine generator unit or uniaxial combined-cycle generator unit, the foundation
shall adopt the large-block reinforced concrete foundation or reinforced concrete frame
foundation. The foundation of multiaxial gas turbine generator unit shall adopt the reinforced
concrete frame structure or large-block reinforced concrete. Above-described foundations shall be
separated from the surrounding structures and independently arranged.
16.4.2 The power calculation and construction requirement of steam turbine foundation shall
conform to GB50040. The gas turbine foundation design shall be conducted according to the
manufacturers requirement and usage characteristics as well as relevant stipulations defined in
GB50040.
16.4.3 Settlement observation point shall be setup for the foundation of steam turbine, gas turbine
or combined-cycle generator unit.
16.4.4 The over-ground oil tanks shall adopt the steel tanks. When adopting the natural
foundation, it shall be setup on the original soil and use the sand layer, and the top layer is laid
with the pitch sand surface.
16.4 The underground oil tanks shall adopt the field casting reinforced concrete tanks. The
concrete shall adopt the oil-resistant type.
16.4.6 The treatment of tank foundation shall select proper plan according to the geological data
and load scale.
16.4.7 The tank farm shall be arranged with fireproofing bank or fireproofing wall, and shall also
comply with GBJ16.
16.4.8 The tank area shall be designed with reliable lightning-proof and grounding measures.
16.4.9 The unloading platform shall be made of concrete and the oil-drainage and water-drainage
measures on the platform shall be considered.
16.4.10 The unloading platform shall adopt the prefab structure and the foundation shall be field
cast. The oil transport pipe support shall adopt the prefab reinforced concrete single pole. The
support form shall be as simple as possible and shall be coordinated with each other.
16.411 The width of oil transport ducts shall consider the installation and repair requirements of
oil pipelines. Water-drainage slope shall be setup in the transport ducts, and the drainage of
pipe/valve oil leakage and flushing water shall be considered.
16.4.12 When the natural gas pressure regulating stations adopt the indoor layout, they shall
consider the explosion prevention and pressure release, and shall adopt the reinforced concrete
frame. The roofing shall adopt the light structure.
17 Heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC)

17.1.1 HVAC facilities in gas turbine factory buildings, combined-cycle generator unit factory
buildings, fuel pump rooms, oil treatment rooms, natural gas pressure regulating stations and
startup boiler rooms shall be explosion proof.
17.1.2 In addition to the exhaust of waste heat, the emergency vent shall also be considered for the
ventilation in gas turbine factory buildings, combined-cycle generator unit factory buildings, fuel
pump rooms, oil treatment rooms and natural gas pressure regulating stations.
17.1.3 The heating medium in gas-turbine power plant shall adopt the hot water. Open-flame
heating is strictly prohibited in the gas turbine factory buildings, combined-cycle generator unit
factory buildings, fuel pump rooms, oil treatment rooms, and natural gas pressure regulating
stations.
17.1.4 The heating and air-conditioning design in the gas-turbine power plants buildings shall
also comply with DL/T5035.
17.1.5 When fire-fighting systems are designed in the gas turbine factory buildings, combined-
cycle generator unit factory buildings, fuel pump rooms, oil treatment rooms, and natural gas
pressure regulating stations, the vent systems shall be interlocked with them.
17.2 Gas turbine factory buildings

17.2.1 The gas turbine factory building or combined-cycle generator unit factory building shall
adopt the natural vent. When natural vent is unable to meet the health or production requirements,
mechanical vent or natural/mechanical combined vent can be adopted.
17.2.2 The ventilation amount in the gas turbine factory building or combined-cycle generator unit
factory building shall be calculated per maximum air amount required for releasing the
equipments waste heat and harmful gases. The vent temperature of gas turbine factory building
shall be calculated per 40C.
17.2.3 When the gas turbine adopts the indoor layout, vent outlets between couplers, gears and
gear casings shall be connected to the outside and consider proper silencing measures.
17.2.4 The vent systems of gas turbine factory building or combined-cycle generator unit factory
building shall have high vent facilities avoiding the circulation of air, and shall consider the
measures releasing harmful gases after the vent facilities are stopped in winter.
17.2.5 The heating of gas turbine factory buildings or combined-cycle generator unit factory
buildings shall calculate the retaining structures heat load per 5C of indoor temperature. The
calculation shall not consider the heat dissipation of equipment and pipelines.
17.3 Various fuel/gas system buildings

17.3.1 Fuel pump rooms (including unloading pump rooms, transport pump rooms and supply
pump rooms):
l. When the fuel pump rooms are over-ground buildings, they shall adopt the natural vent. If the
natural vent is unable to meet the health or production requirements, mechanical vent can be
adopted. When the fuel pump rooms are underground buildings, they shall adopt the mechanical
vent and the indoor air is prohibited of recycling. When the mechanical vent is adopted, the
exhausters and their motors shall be of explosion-proof type and directly connected.
2. The mechanical vent volume of fuel pump rooms (including unloading pump rooms,
transport pump rooms and supply pump rooms) depends on the largest value among the following
calculation results:
1) Indoor waste heat release;
2) At least 10 times/h of indoor vent;
3) Not higher than 350mg/m3 of oil gas content in indoor air;
4) Not higher than 0.2% of oil gas volume condensation in indoor air.
3. When the fuel pump rooms adopt the mechanical vent, the air discharge volume shall be
10%~20% higher than the air intake. Sucking inlet of vent system shall be located in top/bottom of
rooms, and the bottom inlet shall be close the floor. The exhausters shall not be less than 2.
17.3.2 Oil treatment rooms:

l. The vent of oil treatment rooms shall adopt the mechanical type. The mechanical vent volume
depends on the largest value among the following calculation results:
1) Release of indoor waste heat;
2) At least 10 times/h of indoor vent;
3) Not higher than 350mg/m3 of oil gas content in indoor air;
4) Not higher than 0.2% of oil gas volume condensation in indoor air.
2. Suction inlet of vent system shall be located at the top/bottom of rooms, and the bottom
inlet shall be close to the floor. Recirculation of air is strictly prohibited indoors. The ventilators
and their motors shall be explosion-proof and directly connected. The ventilators shall not be less
than 2.
17.3.3 Natural gas pressure regulating stations:
l. The vent volume of indoor natural gas pressure regulating stations and instrument rooms in
the stations shall meet the higher value of the following calculation results:
1) Not higher than 1% of oil gas volume condensation in indoor air;
2) At least 8 times/h of indoor vent during the operation of stations and at least 3 times/h of
indoor vent during the shutdown of stations
2. When the pressure-regulating stations adopt the mechanical vent, the exhaust outlet shall be
designed at the top in the rooms. The exhausters, motors and electric switches shall all be
explosion-proof type, and the motors and fans shall be directly connected. The recirculation of air
is strictly forbidden indoors. The ventilators shall be operating through the year, and the number
shall be no less than 2.
17.3.4 When the natural gas pressure regulating stations have the combustible gas condensation
detection and monitoring unit, the ventilation system shall be interlocked with such unit.
17.3.5 The heating medium temperature requirements of natural gas pressure regulating stations:
1. The ambient temperature in the pressure regulating stations shall be able to ensure the normal
operation of active parts in the station.
2. When the ambient temperature in the pressure regulating stations is unable to meet the above
requirement, the central heating and gas/electrical heating system can be adopted and their design
shall comply with the following requirements:
1) The gas heating boiler can be located in a room adjacent to the pressure regulating stations;
2) The doors/windows of pressure regulating stations shall not arranged the same side of
building with the that of boiler room;
3) The heating system shall adopt the hot-water circulating type;
4) The stack discharge temperature of heating boiler is strictly prohibited to exceed 300C. The
vertical distance of stack mouth to the gas safety release pipe shall be larger than 5m;
5) The gas heating boiler shall have the extinction protection unit or adopt special-person
management;
6) When using the electric heating, the pressure-regulating stations shall adopt the explosion-
proof electric heating equipment. The shell temperature of electric heating equipment shall
not be higher than 115C. The electric heating equipment shall be insulated with the
pressure-regulating equipment.
17.3.6 The indoor heating/ventilation equipment and system as well as their accessories in the
natural gas pressure-regulating stations shall all adopt erosion-resisting measures.
17.3.7 The ventilation design of startup boiler rooms shall be carried out per the provisions of
Section 17.2 and Section 17.3.1 herein.
18 Environmental protection
18.1.1 The environment impact evaluation and protection engineering design of gas-turbine power
plant must follow the national/local environment protection-related laws, regulations and
standards as well as relevant power industry stipulations.
18.1.2 The initial feasibility study period of gas-turbine power plant project shall include the brief
analysis of environment impact. And in this study period, it shall make the environment impact
assessment (including the plan for soil/water conservation) and submit the environment impact
report. The feasibility study report shall contain relevant environment protection chapter and
propose the pollution control engineering idea. The initial design period shall include the
environment protection chapter and design the pollution control engineering measures and plans
(including the plan for soil/water conservation). If the pollution control measures in the
environment impact report (including the soil/water conservation plan) approved by the competent
department needs to be changed, it must be approved by the original inspection department.
18.1.3 The methods and measures used for the environment impact assessment shall be performed
according to relevant national and industrial standards.
18.1.4 The design of gas-turbine power plant shall adopt the clean processes and define the
requirements of pollutant prevention measures and the reuse. If there is any secondary pollution
occurring in the treatment process, the corresponding control measures shall be taken.
18.1.5 The gas-turbine power plant shall be greened.

18.2.1 The smog emission of gas-turbine power plant shall comply with GB13223 and GB3095 as
well as the requirements for total emission control of pollutants. If there are special local
regulations, such local discharge standard shall also be observed.
18.2.2 The height of stack shall be calculated and determined according to the smogs impact on
the air environment and the characteristics of smog discharged by gas turbine or combined-cycle
generator unit.
18.2.3 The model selection of gas turbine shall consider the measures reducing nitrogen oxides.

18.3.1 Various types of waste water and sewerages discharged by gas-turbine power plants
various specific production factory buildings shall be collected and transported per the principle of
separation of clear water and sewerages, and shall be treated per the pollution severity and the
reuse/discharge requirements. The quality of discharged water must meet relevant sewage
discharge standards in the regions where the plant is located. The sewage not meeting the
discharge standards shall not be discharged into the natural water bodies or disposed otherwise.
The waste water with acid/alkali shall be first neutralized, then reused and discharged.
The oily sewage discharged by oil treatment rooms and from the tank cleaning shall be oil/water
separated and be discharged when found to be up to standard.
The treatment method for the cleaning waste water from compressors, gas turbine blades and
heat recovery boiler shall be selected according to the used cleaning medium.
The domestic sewage in the gas-turbine power plant shall be first treated, and after meeting the
discharge standard, then reused or discharged. For gas-turbine power plants located in urban area,
the domestic sewage shall first consider the discharge into the city sewage system, and the water
quality shall comply with CJ3082.
18.3.2 For the combined-cycle gas-turbine power plant with direct flow or mixed flow water
supply system adopting the surface water source, measure shall be taken to prevent the warm
discharge water adversely affecting main aquatic organisms living in the receiving water bodies.
18.4 Prevention and treatment of noise

18.4.1 The impact produced by the noise of gas-turbine power plant must comply with GB2348
and GB3096.
18.4.2 The noise of gas-turbine power plant shall be first controlled from its source. It is necessary
to require the equipment supplier to supply equipment meeting relevant national noise standard
requirement. For living noise that cannot be controlled from source, effective insulation, reduction
and absorption measures shall be adopted.
18.4.3 For the outdoor gas turbines, their cased vent units shall adopt the proper noise reduction
measures.
18.5 Environmental protection monitoring and management
The environment monitoring of gas-turbine power plant can be entrusted to relevant electric power
test & research institute or local environment monitoring station. The environment protection
management shall be charged by relevant plant department.
19.0.1 Various labor safety and industrial health measures designed by the gas-turbine power plant
shall comply with the stipulations in relevant national standards and DL5053.
19.0.2 The design of fireproofing area division, fireproofing insulation, fireproofing distance,
safety evacuation and fire-fighting paths in gas-turbine power plants gas turbine factory buildings
or combined-cycle generator unit factory buildings, oil unloading areas, tank farms, oil treatment
areas, natural gas pressure-regulating station, auxiliary buildings, and combustable /explosion
-hazardous areas shall all comply with GBJ16, GB50229, and GB50183.
19.0.3 The process design and civil design of explosion-hazardous equipment and related
electrical facilities/process systems must adopt different explosion-proof measures according to
different types of explosion sources and hazardous factors. The explosion-proof design shall
comply with GBJI6, GB50058, GB50217, GBJ65, DL/T621, DL612, GB150, and other
standards/specifications.
19.0.4 The layout of electrical equipment shall meet the safety & protection distance requirements
of electric equipment, and shall also have the necessary insulation protection measures and faulty
operation preventing measures. In addition, it shall be designed with lightning-prevention and
safety grounding measures.
The shock prevention design shall comply withSDJ5, GBJ65, GB50057, GB50060,
DL/T620, DL/T621, DL408, G/T4064 and other standards/specifications.
19.0.5 The mechanical damage/falling prevention design shall comply with GB8196, GB5083,
GB4053.1, GB4053.2, GB4053.3, GB4053.4, GBJ101 and other standards/specifications.
19.0.6 During the design of gas-turbine power plant, mechanical equipment located in the
production area shall have mechanical damage prevention measures. All exposed mechanical
moving parts shall be equipped with protective covers, and the mechanical equipment shall have
necessary locking devices.
19.0.7 Platforms, pathways, lift entrances, hosting holes, gates and pit edges and other places
having the falling risks shall be equipped with fences or covers. The equipment requiring the
climbing check and repair shall be equipped with steel platform and stairs, and the stairs shall not
adopt the ladder. The ladders at stacks, microwave towers and cooling towers shall have the
protection cage.
19.0.8 Places storing/producing harmful gases or erosive media and instruments/equipment using
substances harmful to human body must have the corresponding gas-proof and chemical-proof
protection measures and shall also comply withGBZ1 and other standards/specifications.
19.0.9 When the control oil of turbine speed regulating systems and bypass systems adopts the
combustion-resistant oil, necessary protection measures shall be available. The condensation of
indoor harmful substances shall not exceed the stipulations defined in relevant national health
standards.
19.0.10 During the design of gas-turbine power plant, the noise control shall comply with GBJ87
and other related standards. The vibration-resistant design of high-speed rotating driving
mechanicals shall comply with GB50040 and other related standards.
19.0.11 The setup of gas-turbine power plants safety education room and health organization shall
be determined according to the actual needs and the plants environment conditions.
20 Fire Protection

20.1.1 The fire-fighting design of gas-turbine power plant shall follow the guideline of
Prevention First and Prevention / extinguishing combined, to prevent or reduce losses caused by
fires and safeguard the person/property safety.
20.1.2 In addition to observing this stipulation, the fire-fighting design of gas-turbine power plant
shall also comply with GEJ16, GB50229, GB50183, DL5000 and relevant specifications.
20.1.3 The deployment of fire engines in gas-turbine power plant shall first consider the
cooperation with local fire-fighting department. If the plant site has not available cooperation
condition, special fire engines shall be equipped. The equipped number shall meet the following
stipulations:
1. Fuel turbine power plant:
1 car when the total oil storage is lower than 20000m3;
2 cars when the total oil storage is 20000 m3~40000 m3;
More than 2 cars when the total oil storage is higher than 40000 m3.
2. Natural gas turbine power plant:
1 car when the total set capacity is lower than 600MW;
2 cars when the total set capacity is 600MW~1200MW;
More than 2 cars when the total set capacity is higher than 1200MW.
20.2 Fire protection for gas turbine equipment

20.2.1 The gas turbine equipment (gas turbine, gearbox, generator, etc.) and control rooms shall
adopt the total-flooding gas extinguishing system and be equipped with the fire automatic
detection/alarm system.
20.2.2 Natural gas pressure-regulating stations, gas turbine/combined-cycle generator unit and
other main factory buildings shall be equipped with combustible gas leakage detection/alarm
devices.
20.2.3 The extinguishing and fire automatic detection/alarm systems of gas turbine equipment
shall be wholly supplied together with the main equipment.
20.2.4 In the total-flooding gas extinguishing system, prior to the ejection of extinguishing agent,
the gas turbine shall be able to shut down, close doors, vent baffles, and automatically stop
fans/blowers as well as other holes.
20.2.5 The design of total-flooding gas extinguishing system shall provide enough time of keeping
the gas condensation.
20.2.6 Flame detector shall be installed above the burning part of gas turbine, to detect flame or
for startup ignition. If the flame is extinguished, fuel shall be promptly (less than 1s) cut off. If
ignition is not completed in the normal startup time, the control system shall promptly stop
starting and close the fuel valve.
20.2.7 The complete control device of gas turbine shall include the following monitor and
functions:
1. Gas turbine rev speed sensor, to trip if over-speed:
2. Gas turbine main shaft vibration monitor, to alarm and trip if excessively vibrating;
3. Gas turbine exhaust temperature monitor, to alarm and trip if over-temperature.
20.2.8 When gas turbine equipment uses the water spraying fire-fighting system, it shall comply
with the following requirements:
l. The water spraying system of gas turbine bearing base shall be setup according to the
geometric shape of sets, to avoid water flow damaging the equipment;
2. Exposed oil pipe and the gas turbines bottom floor might accumulate oil leakage, they shall
be equipped with automatic spraying or atomizing fire-fighting system;
3. The nozzles of water fight-extinguishing system shall not point to the shell or combustion
chamber of gas turbine;
4. When there is water flowing, the fuel valve shall be able to close automatically.
20.3 Fixed extinguishers

20.3.1 For the control room of each unit with capacity lower than 300MW in the gas-turbine
power plant, portable extinguisher and fire detection/alarm device shall be installed in cabling
interlayer/indoor distributing unit rooms.
20.3.2 For the control room of each unit with capacity not lower than 300MW in gas-turbine
power plant, the computer rooms, electronic equipment rooms, relay rooms shall be equipped with
automatic gas extinguishing devices and fire detection/alarm devices, and the cable interlayer shall
be equipped with the automatic spraying extinguishing devices and fire detection/alarm devices.
Appendix A
(Normative Appendix)
Provisions on the Starting Point for Calculation of Fire Break
A.1 Starting at roadside for highways.

A.2 Starting at the center for railways.
A.3 Starting at the outside wall for buildings (constructions).
A.4 Starting at the outside surface for oil tanks and various vessels.
A.5 Starting at the outside surface for pipeline.
A.6 Starting at the outside surface for various pumps/transformers, etc.
A.7 Starting at the centerline for trains/cars loading crane pipelines.
A.8 Starting at the center pipe for blowdown pipe.
A.9 Starting at the centerline of poles and towers for overhead power lines and overhead
communication lines.
DL/T5174-2003
Design Rule for Combined Cycle Power Plants
Interpretation of Clauses
DL/T5174-2003
Table of Contents
1. Scope.......................................................................................................................87
3. General Provisions...................................................................................................88
4. Plant Site Selection..................................................................................................91
5. General Planning......................................................................................................93
6. Layout of Main Factory Building..........................................................................101
7. Fuel Supply Equipment and System......................................................................113
8. Gas Turbine Equipment and System .....................................................................125
9. Heat Recovery Boilers and System .......................................................................133
10. Steam Turbine Equipment and System ...............................................................140
11. Chemical Treatment Equipment and System ......................................................147
12. Thermal Process Automation...............................................................................151
13. Electrical Equipment and System .......................................................................158
14. Water Supply Facilities and System ....................................................................168
15. Auxiliary and Accessory Facilities.......................................................................171
16. Building and Structure.........................................................................................173
17. Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning...........................................................180
18. Environmental Protection.....................................................................................186
19. Labour Safety and Industrial Sanitation...............................................................190
20. Fire-protection......................................................................................................191
DL/T5174-2003
1 Scope
The designing principles, construction standards and applicable scope for the gas -
steam combined-cycle power plants stipulated in this code are formulated per the
installed gas-turbines with the standard rated output of 25 MW 250MW (including
FA: GEs 9FA gas turbine, ALSTOMs GT26 gas turbine, SIEMENSs 94.3A gas
turbine and MHIs M701F gas turbine, etc.). The above-mentioned gas turbines are
ones that are adopted at present or will be employed in China. However, the gas
turbines with the standard rated output below 25MW can only be used as reference
due to the fact that they have the small capacity and are limited in application scope in
the perspective of electric power generation. There is special requirement for the heat
supply regarding the program of combined generation of heat and power, so this code
is also used as the reference according to the provisions.
The standard rated output of gas turbine power units refers to the nominal or
guaranteed output of the gas turbines operating under the standard reference
conditions (internationally called ISO working conditions) and under the new and
clean state, and it usually refers to the electric power at the terminals of power
generator, which meets the requirement of DL5000.
DL/T5174-2003
3. General Provisions
3.0.1& 3.0.2 The gas turbine power generation has achieved a great development
along with the progress of the gas turbine technology in recent over ten years, and it
makes a contribution to relaxing the tension of the electric power load and satisfying
the needs for the peak load regulation. The main equipment in simple-cycle gas
turbine power plant only includes the gas turbine and power generator units while the
main equipment for combined-cycle gas turbine power plant is equipped with the heat
recovery boiler and turbogenerator unit additionally. For the gas turbine power plant,
the special designing code was not formulated in the past, and the DL5000 was
frequently used for reference in many construction standards. For this reason, based
on the DL5000 provisions, this code is worked out adding some special provisions in
the design of gas turbine power plant to unify the design principles and construction
standards for these power plants of such kind, so as to follow the corresponding
regulations.
3.0.3 The gas turbine power plant is characterized by quick startup & stopping and
a strong load-changing ability, which is very applicable to undertaking the peak load
regulating, or works as the emergency standby units in the power grid. Since the end
of 1980s, most of the gas turbine power plants built in China have undertaken the task
of peak load regulating or provided emergency standby load in the power grid, and
some of them have undertaken the basic load or middle load. However, the gas
turbines with a unit capacity of 250MW in other countries, especially steam and gas
turbine combined-cycle power generator units (the output of each set reaches about
720MW) with a high efficiency in energy-conversion were developed, and such kind
of these power generator units are mainly carrying basic load in the power grid).
Therefore, the role of specific turbine power plants in the power grid shall be
determined according to the resource conditions and the nature of load carried out by
the power plants in the power grid as stipulated in the planning. The site selection and
construction of the gas turbine power plants shall be determined according to the
overall situation of power plants and special requirements for the environmental
protection, in addition, an economic and technical comparison shall be seriously
conducted so as to acquire maximum comprehensive economic results with the
reasonable investment. In this way, the policy of saving investment is carried out, and
the expected role of the established power plant is brought into full play.
3.0.4 With the change in the construction investment and financing mode of power
plants, the approval and examination procedure of power plant project will also
change. This article, considering the features that the construction cycle of the turbine
is much shorter than that of conventional thermal power plant, stipulates in principle
that the design must follow the capital construction procedure stipulated by the state,
and guarantees that the content and depth of designing documents must also meet the
requirements and carries out work according to the approved documents.
3.0.5 The conventional thermal power plants built in China are facing three major
problems, namely high energy consumption, low efficiency and serious pollution.
According to the statistics of first 1~3 quarter(s) in 2001, the average standard coal
consumption for power generation across the country is 385g/kWh, which is
60g/kWh~70g/kWh higher than that of worlds advanced level, and the energy
utilization rate is very low. At present, the thermal efficiency of thermal power
generating units with large capacity and high parameters are usually lower than 40%,
while the efficiency of current combined cycle power generating units can reach
55%~58%. The conventional fossil-fuel power plants shall be equipped with the
electrostatic deduster and high chimney in order to reduce dust emission. During the
settlement of pollution brought by sulfur dioxide (SO 2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) ,
the investment spent on desulphurization equipment approximately accounts for 10%
of overall investment of fossil-fuel power plant, and the investment of denitration
equipment approximately occupies 5% of total investment of fossil-fuel power plant,
which therefore results in increase in total investment of power plant. However, the
turbine power plant is characterized by high thermal efficiency, simple system, small
land occupation and low investment, and also reduces the consumption of fuel and the
emission of harmful gas. It may control the emission of NO x and increase the power
through fill the water and steam into the combustion chamber of the gas turbine, and
can reduce the emission of NOx through adopting low NOx combustion technology
and spray NH4 on the heat recovery boiler. The current gas turbine power plant could
only burn the gaseous and liquid fuels, and produce the little pollution to the
environment which has no dust and ash discharging pollution, thus it cannot create a
serious pollution to the environment, because there is no emission pollution of dust
and ash residue.
The combined cycle gas turbine power plant is characterized by a quick start-up. The
power plant can reach the full load within one hour under hot startup condition, and it
can reach the full load within three hours under cold startup condition. However, the
fuel costs of the power plants are very expensive, and the exorbitant expenses of spare
parts brought high the maintenance fees, and therefore the price of electric power in
the power grid soars. As a result, when the strict environmental protection and the
supply of fuel are carried out, the combined-cycle turbine power plant can be built
through an technical and economic comparison. The environment protection becomes
a main factor that shall be considered during selection of the combined cycle
equipment and power plant designing.
3.0.6 During the previous period, and recently, the main equipment of gas turbine
power plants built in China mostly are imported complete sets or the equipment
manufactured with the introduced technology on joint venture basis. Therefore, this
code requires that the project that adopts the imported equipment shall also satisfy the
technical requirements stipulated in this code to realize the purpose of safe and full
load power generation while adopting the general international standards and the
standards of suppliers country. The provision combining the principle with the
flexibility will enable the established power plant built in China to be reasonable
economical.
3.0.7 The heat recovery boiler can be divided into afterburning boiler and non-
afterburning boiler. The heat recovery boilers in the power plants built in China
during the previous period are all afterburning ones. The afterburning heat recovery
boilers are seldom used ever in foreign countries. China still gains no experience in
using the afterburning heat recovery boilers. As a result, the heat recovery boiler shall
be considered as per the non-afterburning boiler.
3.0.8 The gas turbine is a power unit burning the liquid and gaseous fuels, and
currently the solid fuel cannot be directly burned. It is considered that China softened
its fuel policy in recent years, and permitted some regions to properly import the fuel.
At the same time, the oil-gas field construction in the continental shelf along the coast
in China and in both Shanbei and Xinjiang has achieved a significant progress, part of
long distance gas pipelines have been completed and the project of Transferring
Natural Gas Eastward is also underway. The early-time preparation of liquefied
natural gas receiving station and several matching gas turbine power plants are being
carried out positively. Therefore, the fuel is provisionally stipulated as the both
liquefied fuel (including the light oil, heavy oil and crude oil etc.) and gaseous fuel
(including the natural gas, LNG and LPG etc.).
3.0.9 Except the individual gas turbine type, the construction of absolutely most of
the combined cycle power generating units should be completed by first initiating the
simple cycle power generation and then the combined cycle considering the capital in
place and the regional load needs. Whereas, the overall plane design should reserve
the margin during the construction of entire power plant, and the possibility of
extension of capacity per the planning shall not be removed. Considering the
management and overhaul of gas turbine power plant, the quantity of combined cycle
power generators throughout the power plant shall not exceed 8, because if one set of
unit is composed of two gas turbines and one turbogenerator, and that the entire
turbine power plant has 8 sets, there will be 16 gas turbinespower generators, 16
heat recovery boilers, 8 turbines and power generators. Even if uniaxial configuration
of one-to one is adopted, there will be 8 gas turbines, 8 turbines, 8 power generators
and 8 heat recovery boilers, and the quantity of main equipment is sufficient.
3.0.10 The combined cycle gas turbine power plant should be equipped with the
turbogenerator units, and therefore, when the regional heat supply is required, the
combined generation of heat and electric power, if found reasonable through a
technical and economic comparison, shall be encouraged, to save the investment of
power plant, and carry forward the advantages of the turbine power plant which is
easy and flexible to adjust, and easy to put the points of power supply and heat source
close to the users. But When the principles of building power plants are determined,
3.0.13 Compared with the conventional fossil-fuel power plant, the auxiliary
production system of the gas turbine power plant is simple, and its equipment is not
less. The heat recovery boiler is actually one heat exchanger. Therefore, under the
precondition of unaffecting safety production, the facilities and abilities of industrial
and mining enterprises can be used as public utilities to carry out the district
cooperation, and to reduce the partial common facilities of the gas turbine power
plant, thus decrease the staff and initial investment of the power plant.
4. Plant Site Selection

4.1 The gas turbine power plant shall mainly supply the electric power locally and
to the district around it. According to electric power planning requirements, the power
plant shall accommodate the needs for peak load regulating in the power grid and
shall carry the middle load or basic load. The site selection of the gas turbine power
plant shall first study the electric power planning, electric network structure and
electric power load.
In addition to the above mentioned important factors, the site selection of the gas
turbine power plant shall consider the city (town) planning, site landforms, geology
and hydrological & meteorological conditions, water sources, relevant enterprise
relationship, transportation conditions, environment protection and human culture &
history, etc.
4.2 This article focuses on the principle of saving the land. There should be many
measures economizing land during the project design, such as utilizing the non-arable
land and arid land as much as possible, acquiring the land from the sea, creating land
for the arable field, reducing the soil field used and abandoned, and preventing the
soil erosion, etc.
According to the investigations carried out for the gas turbine power plants, the total
area of utilized land of the gas turbine power plant equipped with the gas turbine with
the unit capacity of 100MW and above shall be 0.12m2/kW~0.2 m2/kW; and the total
area of the gas turbine power plant with the unit capacity of less than 100MW shall be
proximately 0.2m2/kW~0.45m2/kW. The number of staff in the gas turbine power
plant shall be relatively less than that in the conventional thermal power plant. At
present, the rated number of employees in the combined cycle gas turbine power plant
with two sets of gas turbines with unit capacity of 250MW shall be approximately
100.
4.3 This article stipulates that the power plant shall not be built at the districts
where there exists the seriously poor geology condition; in the meanwhile the power
plant shall not be built at the natural reservation area under special protection and
historic relics are to avoid destroying these districts. The areas where there are
dangerous rocks and debris flow shall not be considered, aiming to ensure the safe
operation of power plant. Therefore, with the site selection of the power plant
proceeding, the geological phenomenon mentioned above shall be carefully studied.
4.4 The suspended solid particles in the air easily block up the sieve at the air inlet
of the gas turbine compressor and therefore affect the normal operation of the unit.
During the site selection of the gas turbine power plant, the regions where the dust
storm is serious shall not be considered, and the power plant shall not be built near the
building materials plant producing silicate, etc.
4.5 The fuel of the gas turbine power plant shall mainly oil and natural gas, and the
transportation modes shall mainly include: pipeline, water carriage, highway and
railway transportation. In case the natural gas is conveyed by the pipeline, focus shall
be on the analysis and study of layout of the regional pipe network of the natural gas
and the natural gas transmission station; in the meanwhile the natural gas pipeline
corridor between the natural gas transmission station and the power plant site shall be
reasonably planned for the purposes of realizing short the gas line and convenient
connection.
4.6 With the growth in size of the gas turbine power plant enlarging, the raised
grade of the outgoing line voltage and increase in the number of the outgoing
transmission lines circuits, the planning of the outgoing lines corridors is very
important. The planning of the outgoing transmission lines corridors involves a wide
range of factors, and shall be in harmony with the urban planning, and shall also
obtain the approval from the city-planning departments. In the implemented projects,
a lot of relocations take place as a result of less width of outgoing line corridor and the
occupation of outgoing line corridor by other projects, to produce the unreasonable
expenses.
4.7 The noise caused by gas turbine shall be higher than the noise caused by the
steam turbine; especially the noise from the gas turbine installed in the open-air shall
produce more effect on the environment. The noise within the power plant site is
clearly stipulated in the GB12348, such as for the II standard which is applicable to
both the residential, commercial and industrial mixed districts and the central
downtown areas, the noise in the daytime shall be less than 60dB(A); and the noise at
night shall be less than 50dB(A). In the developed areas which are densely populated,
the distance between the site of the gas turbine power plant and the residential area
shall generally be no less than 120m to enable the natural attenuation of noise and
make the ambient environment up to the standard. In case the conditions are limited,
the noise must be controlled in an overall manner. In addition to reducing the noise
locally of the main noise sources such as the gas turbines, proper measures shall be
taken on the transmission routes of the noises, such as the adoption of the soundproof
factory building and sound insulation barriers.
5. General Planning
5.1.1 During the construction of the electric power, many power plants
have been enlarged through breaking through the original capacity planned for the
purpose of accommodating the development of the national economy; but it can bring
certain unfavorable results such as disorder in arrangement of plant area pipelines,
repeated dismantlement and construction, and adding the project investment etc. In
order to overcome the above shortage, the overall planning of the gas turbine power
plant shall create a favorable condition for future extension.
The automaticity in the gas turbine power plant shall be very high; the production
and management personnel shall be less; so that the plant residential area and
construction residential area shall be cancelled, and the region within the power plant
enclosing wall shall be completely called as the plant area.
5.1.2 The overall planning of the power plant shall follow the principle of
economization of land use. In the site selecting, the economization of land use shall
mainly find expression in utilizing what lands; the meaning of economizing land use
in the overall planning shall refer to economizing the land used on the selected lot,
and the land for plant should be expropriated in stages and in batches and shall not be
used in advance.
5.1.3 With the industry developing and the peoples living standard rising,
China has put forward the more and more higher requirements upon both the
environment protection and the water and soil resources protection. The state, the
Ministry of Water Resources and the state electric power company should promulgate
their relevant codes, rules, implementation regulations and management regulations,
which shall be strictly performed in the overall planning of the gas turbine power
plant. For example: decreasing the amount of excavation and filling of soil and rock,
less amount of destroying the inherent landforms and topography as possible, keeping
the inherent forest and reducing soil erosion; organically treating the surface and
underground infiltration water, and preventing the sewage from polluting the surface
and underground water source. All of the industrial and domestic sewage must be
discharged to the outside of the plant area after being treated to the required standards.
The measures that the open-air gas turbine is equipped with the protective casing or
arranged in houses can effectively decrease the environmental pollution.

5.2.1 In case that careful consideration is given to the planning of the off-site water
supply and drainage facilities of the first-phase project of the gas turbine power plant,
instead of to the planned capacity and the utilization of the water front of adjacent
enterprises, this will sometimes lead to a failure to fully use the valuable deep water
front and therefore restrict the extension of the power plant. This article emphasizes
the overall planning in accordance with the planned capacity, and that coordination
shall be achieved with the water front of the adjacent enterprises.
5.2.2 The width of the outgoing transmission lines corridors shall mainly depend on
the number of the incoming and outgoing line circuits and the voltage grade. In
planning the corridor width, it shall be calculated according to the number of the final
incoming and outgoing line circuits and the corresponding voltage grade. In the
meanwhile, the outgoing line corridors planning shall be coordinated with the overall
planning of the plant area.
5.2.3 The fuel transportation mode of the gas turbine power plant shall mainly
include the pipeline, highway, water transportation and railway transportation. The
basis for the selection of the transportation mode shall mainly include the fuel variety,
the regional pipe network planning, transporting conditions of the highway, water
transportation and railway transportation, as well as the comprehensive transportation
price. In case that the fuel transportation mode is selected, the technical and economic
comparison shall be carried out according to the above factors to determine such
selection.
5.2.4 The natural gas is flammable and explosive gas. In case the laying along the
pipe duct is adopted and the leaked gas gathers in the pipeline duct, the natural gas
will easily explode when the gas leakage accumulates to a certain extent and meets
the open fire. Therefore, the natural gas pipelines shall adopt the modes of direct
embedment or overhead laying in order to ensure the safety and easy maintenance.
5.2.5 The development of the natural gas fields, pipe network planning, layout of
the natural gas transmission station and its construction planning is closely linked
with the development plan of the whole national economy and the industrial
distribution. Therefore, the overall planning of the gas turbine power plant burnt with
the natural gas shall be at first considered according to the pipe network planning of
the natural gas and the layout of the natural gas transmission station, and then study
that the construction period of the pipe network whether is in conformity with the
construction of the gas turbine power plant. In the meanwhile, it shall be considered
that the pipeline corridors from the natural gas transmission station to the plant site
whether conforms to the overall city planning, and whether satisfies the fire fighting
requirements. The fire prevention requirements of the fuel line shall depend on the
medium within the fuel line. This article shall list out the standards Table 5.2.5-1 Fire
Prevention Distance between Crude-oil Concentration Transmission Pipeline Buried
at Off-site and Buildings (Structures) and the standards Table 5.2.5-2 Natural Gas
Concentration Transmission Pipeline Buried at Off-site and Buildings (Structures)
according to the articles 6.0.1 and 6.0.7 in the GB50183-1993.
5.2.6 Compared with the coal wharf, the fire fighting safety of the oil wharf shall be
more important. In the water front planning, it shall satisfy the requirements of the
GB50192, JTJ211 and other fire fighting specifications. This article shall formulate
the standards sheet 5.2.6-1 Safe Distance for Both Sea-harbor Oil Wharf and Other
Goods Wharfs according to the article 4.4.2 in the JTJ211-1999, and the standard
sheet 5.2.6-2 Safe Distance for Both River-harbor Crude-oil Wharf and Other Wharfs
or Buildings and Structures according to the article 4.7.1 in the GB50192-1993.
5.2.7 This article stipulates the Table 5.2.7 Fire Prevention Distance between
River-harbor Crude-oil Wharf Front Lines and Tank Stations according to the article
4.7.3 in the GB50192-1993.
5.2.8 This article shall stipulate the Table 5.2.8 Marine Vehicle Distance between
Both Adjacent Berths at Sea-harbor Oils Wharfs according to the article 4.4.3 in the
JTJ211-1999.
5.2.9 This article shall determine the width of the berthing water area at the sea-
harbor wharf front lines according to the article 4.2.4 in the JTJ211-1999, and the
width of the berthing water area at the river-harbor wharf front lines according to the
article 4.2.1 in the GB50192-1993.
5.2.10 It is determined that the angle between the water area side line at the end berth
of the marginal type wharf and the wharf front line is 30~45 according to both the
article 4.2.2 in the GB50192-1993 and the article 4.2.10 in the JTJ211-1999.
5.2.11 Refer to the article 4.3.6 in the JTJ211-1999 and the article 4.3.1 in the GB50192-1993.
5.2.12 Refer to the article 4.3.7 in the JTJ211-1999 and the article 4.3.1 in the GB50192-1993.
5.2.13 Refer to the article 4.3.10 in the JTJ211-1999.
5.2.14 The calculating methods of the wharf front-line designing elevation, water
area width and effective fairway width shall depend on the gydrologic properties at
the harbor, which is particularly stipulated in the standards JTJ211 and GB50192. The
specific calculating methods shall not be generally involved in the overall planning of
the gas turbine power plant. Therefore, the specific calculating formula shall not be
formulated in this article. In the specific calculation, based on the different gydrologic
properties at the harbors, the calculating methods shall be determined in accordance
with the relevant articles in JTJ211 or GB50192, respectively.
5.2.15 The GBJ12 shall be applicable to the new-built, rebuilt and expanded
railroads in industrial enterprises, and of course it shall be also acceptable for the
railroad design of the gas turbine power plant. The fuel oil transporting railway in the
gas turbine power plant and the station yard designs shall have their special
requirements upon the fire prevention design. Therefore, the railway siding of the gas
turbine power plant burnt by the fuel oil and the station yard planning shall also
conform to the relevant fire fighting specifications.
This article shall formulate the grade of the railroads in industrial enterprises in
reference to the article 1.0.6 in the standard GBJ12-1987.
5.2.16 The staff of the gas turbine power plant shall be less, and the automobile
transporting capacity shall be also less. The width of the entrance road to the gas
turbine power plant should be less than that of the entrance road to the coal-fired
power plant. The width of the main entrance road to the large-scale gas turbine power
plant (where its gas turbine is adopted with the single unit capacity of 100MW and
above) should be 7 meters; and the width of the main entrance road to the gas turbine
power plant, where its gas turbine is adopted with the single unit capacity of below
100MW, should be 6 meters. The off-site special service road shall mainly consider
passing through the fire engines and the maintenance cars, and its traffic flow shall be
very less. Therefore, the width of the off-site special service road should only consider
to adopt the one-way lane, and it should be about 3.5m~4m. The pavement materials
should be adopted with the cement and concrete, which is mainly considered for the
construction convenient and the maintenance load less. In case the gas turbine power
plant has the abilities of the construction or maintenance at the asphalt pavement, then
it should also adopt the asphalt pavement. The table 5.2.16 should be adopted with the
table 2.2.2 in the standard GBJ22-1987.

5.3.1 That the plant area planning of the gas turbine power plant is whether
reasonable should not only reflect the project planning at this phase whether rational,
but also it should consider the overall planning whether rational when the gas turbine
power plant reaches the planned capacity. Some projects should be limited in the
capital conditions at the initial stage, the project scale should be small, but their
planned capacity should be very large. In case the rationality in this phase project is
mainly considered to these gas turbine power plants, but the rationality in the final
scale is ignored, then this should cause the overall project investment adding and the
production operation cost rising. Therefore, the plant area planning shall be unitedly
planned according to the approved planning capacity and the construction scale in this
phase as well as the unit configuration mode.
5.3.2 This article puts forward the basic principle upon the overall plant area
planning of the gas turbine power plant.
5.3.3 The fire prevention requirements upon the buildings such as the natural-gas
regulation station and the oil tank etc. in the gas turbine power plant shall be relatively
high; the vibration prevention requirements upon the thermal engineering,
instrumentation and testing buildings shall be high; and the noise prevention
requirements upon the administrative buildings such as the office buildings etc. shall
be relatively high. During the overall planning, under the prerequisite of meeting with
technological process requirements, the buildings with the higher vibration prevention
requirements shall keep a certain distance away from the vibration source or take the
necessary vibration-proof measures.
5.3.4 The natural gas regulation station and the oil tank etc. is prone to burning or
explosion during the operation. To minimize the harm of the accidents, the buildings
and structures above shall be arranged at the edge zones of the plant area. The
distance between the natural gas regulation station & the oil tank and the site or off-
site buildings and structures shall meet the requirements of the standard GBJ16.
5.3.5 The standard GBJ16 is the design specification that must be obeyed during
the design of all projects. The capacity of the oil tank in the oil-fired gas turbine
power plant shall be very large. The oil tank design must be carried out in accordance
with the relevant provisions of GBJ74. Therefore, this article especially emphasizes
the specifications above must be followed during the design.
The section 1 ~ 3 in this article are the principles for the arrangement of the main
facilities in the gas turbine power plant, in which the section 3 is set down according
to the article 2.0.1 in the standard GB50177-1993 Code for Design of Hydrogen and
Oxygen Station, and the section 4 is set down according to the article 3.5.3 in the
standard DL/T5032-1994 Technical Code for Designing General Drawing &
Transportation of Fossil Fuel Power Plants.
5.3.6 This article shall only formulate both the fire risk and the minimum fire
resistance rating for the gas turbines or combined cycle generator sets (buildings),
heat recovery boilers (buildings), natural gas regulation stations and fuel oil treatment
rooms during production, and other shall be executed in accordance with the DL5000.
The basis that the fire risk caused by the gas turbines or combined cycle generator
sets (buildings) is determined to be class D, shall include as follows:
1 The fuel of the gas turbine shall mainly be oil and natural gas. The fire risk of
the oil shall be less than that of the natural gas, and the fire prevention specification
that satisfies the requirements of the natural gas-fired gas turbine power plant shall
certainly conform to the fire prevention requirements of the oil-fired gas turbine
power plant. Therefore, the risk class that causes fire shall be determined by means of
the natural gas-fired gas turbine power plants;
2 The natural gas shall be burnt in the combustion chamber of the gas turbine.
The combustion chamber is a enclosed space, so that it shall conform to the class D
conditions in the Table 3.1.1 of the standard GBJ16-1987 (2001 edition);
3 The gas turbine proper shall have the extremely rigorous fire auto-alarm and
fire extinguisher systems, which ensures all safety measures will be automatically
taken when the natural gas reaches a certain concentration in the proper chamber;
4 One suite of the fire fighting system shall be installed in the gas turbine or
combined cycle generator sets (buildings), which can automatically give an alarm as
the natural gas within the air reaches a certain concentration.
Synthesizing the four factors above, that the fire risk caused by the gas turbines or
combined cycle generator sets (buildings) is appointed as class D shall conform to the
provisions of the standard GBJ16 and have a certain protection measures, and it shall
be reasonable.
Based on the Table 3.2.1 in the standard GBJ16-1987 (2001 edition), the area size
of the class D single-layer and multiplayer buildings with the grade A or B fire
resistance ratings shall not be limited. In DL5000, the fire resistance rating of the
turbine hall shall be the grade B, and the fire resistance rating of the gas turbine or
combined cycle generator sets (buildings) shall take the grade B for the purpose of
facilitating design and construction.
The basis that the fire risk caused by the natural gas regulation station is
identified as class A shall include as following:
1 The natural gas is the gas that the lower explosive limit is less than 6%,
which conforms to the conditions stipulated in the article 3.1.1 of the standard GBJ16-
1987 (2001 edition), i.e. the lower explosive limit applicable for the class A is less
than 10%;
2 It is stipulated in the article 3.7.1 of the standard DL/T5032-1994 Technical
Code for Designing General Drawing & Transportation of Fossil Fuel Power Plant
that the fire risk caused by the natural gas regulation station applicable for ignition
during production shall be class A.
Synthesizing the factors above, the fire risk caused by the natural gas regulation
station during production shall be determined as the class A.
Based on the Table 3.2.1 in the standard GBJ16-1987 (2001 edition), the fire
resistance rating of the natural gas regulation station shall be determined as the grade
B.
The basis that the fire risk caused by the fuel oil treatment room during
production is determined shall include as following:
The fire risk caused by the fuel oil treatment room during production shall mainly
depend on the oil flash point. In case the flash point is less than 28C, the fire risk
shall be class A. In case the flash point is equal to 60C and above, the fire risk shall
be class C. The flash point of the crude oil shall be less than 28C, and the flash point
of the heavy oil shall be more than 60C. Therefore, the fire risk caused by the fuel oil
treatment room applicable for treating the crude oil during production shall be class A,
and the fire risk caused by the fuel oil treatment room applicable for treating heavy oil
during production shall be class C. The fire resistance rating of the both fuel oil
treatment rooms shall be grade B.
5.3.7 This article adds the minimum distance tables upon the gas turbine or
combined cycle generator sets (buildings), heat recovery boilers (buildings), natural
gas regulation station, fuel oil treatment room and oil discharge wharfs.
The basis that determines the minimum distances of the gas turbine or combined
cycle generator sets (buildings) and the natural gas regulation station shall include:
1 The fire risk caused by the gas turbine or combined cycle generator sets
(buildings) during production shall be class D, and the minimum fire resistance rating
shall be grade B;
2 The fire risk caused by the natural gas regulation station during production
shall be class A, and the minimum fire resistance rating shall be grade B;
3 Table 5.2.3 in the standard DL5000-2000;
4 Table 5.2.1 in the standard GB50183-1993;
5 Tables 2.0.2 and 2.0.3 in the standard GB50177-1993 Hydrogen and
Oxygen Designing Code;
6 The distance between the natural draft cooling tower and the gas turbine or
combined cycle generator sets (buildings) shall be 30m, which is less than the 50m
stipulated in the table 5.2.3 of the standard DL5000-2000. It is mainly considered that
the circulating water quantity in the same scale gas turbine power plant shall be
excessively less than that of the coal-fired power plant, the height of the cooling tower
in the former shall be less than that in the latter, and the floating distance of the water
smoke shall also be short. Therefore, the distance between the natural draft cooling
tower and the gas turbine or combined cycle generator sets (buildings) should be
properly decreased, which shall be adjusted after accumulating the project
experiences.
The basis that determines the minimum distance of the fuel oil treatment room
shall include:
1 The fire risk caused by the fuel oil treatment room during production should
be divided into the class A or class C in accordance with the different oils (details
refer to the description in the item 5.3.8), and the minimum fire resistance rating shall
be grade B;
2 Table 5.2.3 in the standard DL5000-2000;
3 Table 5.2.1 in the standard GB50183-1993;
4 Tables 2.0.2 and 2.0.3 in the standard GB50177-1993 Hydrogen and
Oxygen Designing Code.
5.3.8~5.3.11 It shall be respectively listed out to the fire prevention distance between
the tank parks of the liquids A, B and C and the buildings, the fire prevention distance
between the tank parks of the liquids A, B and C, the fire prevention distance between
the tank parks of the liquids A, B and C and the pump house and the loading and
unloading crane-pipeline and the fire prevention distance between the loading and
unloading crane-pipeline of the liquids A, B and C and the buildings.
Table 1 Classification of Fire Risks of Oils
Categories Oils flash points C Samples

A Below 28 Crude oil and benzine
B Below 28~60 Kerosene for lamps
C 60~120 Light diesel oil, heavy diesel oil and
20# heavy oil
Exceeding 120 Lubricating oil and 100# heavy oil
5.3.12 In the gas turbine power plant, the fuel transportation mode in the power
plant mainly adopts the pipeline transportation, the automation level is high, and the
operation staff in the power plant ranges from scores of persons to more than one
hundred people. The persons and vehicles at the road in the power plant shall be very
little during the normal operation, so that the width of the pavement within the gas
turbine power plant shall be decreased as much as possible under the prerequisite of
satisfying the operation, repairing and fire fighting requirements.
5.3.13 This article puts forward the setting requirements upon the enclosure walls
and the barriers in the power plant. For the purpose of the safety production of the gas
turbine power plant, its general enclosure walls shall adopt the solid enclosure wall,
and the height of the enclosure wall shall be 2.2m. The outdoor switchgear, natural
gas regulation station, oil tank area and hydrogen manufacturing station shall be
divided according to the site and off-site planning, which are respectively equipped
with the enclosure walls and the barriers.
5.3.14 In the design of the operated power plant site, most of the sites adopt the
closed conduit drainage system for the city type road, this drainage mode is mainly
suitable for the flattened site with a certain gradient, where the drainage on the
pavement is more convenient. The closed conduit drainage system of the site
collecting well shall be step by step adopted in the plain regions, where the pavement
is clean, drainage is quick, water does not gather and ground is level. The ditch
drainage system of the highway type road shall be mostly adopted in the design of the
large-size enterprise yard drainage, but it shall be few adopted in the design of the gas
turbine power plant site drainage.
5.3.15 & 5.3.16 Both of the two articles constitute the basic principles of the
comprehensive arrangement of piping.
5.3.17 The sections 1~5 in this article gives a list of the laying modes of various
pipelines. For example, the medium within the acid and alkali pipeline shall be the
acid and alkali, if it adopts the overhead layout and the medium within the pipeline
leaks out, then this should endanger the pedestrian on the ground, so that the acid and
alkali pipeline shall adopt the ditch layout. In case the natural gas and hydrogen
pipelines adopt the ditch layout, it is possible to make the gas leakage gathering in the
pipe ditch and exploding, so that the natural gas and hydrogen pipelines shall not
adopt the ditch layout.
The sections 6~9 in this article shall list out the requirements of the pipe ditch
layout and the distance between the underground piping and other buildings
(structures).
In the Table 5.3.17-1, the distance between the underground natural gas pipeline and
other pipelines shall be determined in reference to the table 4.2.1 of the Design
Manual of General Drawing & Transportation of Iron and Steel Plants, and the
distance between other pipelines shall be confirmed according to the appendix A in
the standard DL/T5032-1994 Technical Code for Designing General Drawing of
Fossil Fuel Power Plant. In the Table 5.3.17-2, the distance between the
underground natural gas pipeline and the buildings and structures shall be determined
in reference to both the Table 5.3.2-1 in the Standard GB50028-1993 Design Code of
Fuel Gas in Cities and Towns and the Table 4.2.2 in the standard Design Manual of
General Drawing & Transportation of Iron and Steel Plants, and the distances
between other pipelines and between the buildings and the structures shall be
confirmed according to the Appendix B in the Standard DL/T5032-1994 Technical
Code for Designing General Drawing of Fossil Fuel Power Plant. In the table
5.3.17-3, the distance between the overhead natural gas pipeline and the buildings and
structures shall be confirmed in reference to the table 4.3.1 in the standard Design
Manual of General Drawing & Transportation of Iron and Steel Plants.
In order to prevent the cable combustion from extending, the fireproof isolating
wall shall be built in the cable duct or cable tunnel at the entrance to the buildings or
at a suitable distance and section from the buildings; the fireproof door shall be built
in the fireproof wall of the cable tunnel. For pipelines which can be possibly laid
overhead, the comprehensive overhead laying should be adopted, and the pipe ditch
shall avoid the common pooling of water. There are many laying modes of pipeline,
which should be flexibly applied in the pipeline planning to ensure short pipeline,
easy use, reasonable flow chart, and easy maintenance, and that it is favorable to
operation and the costs are economical now and reasonable in the future.
6. Layout of Main Factory Building

6.1.1 The building arrangement of the gas turbine power plant mainly refers to the
arrangement of the gas turbine house, steam turbine house and heat recovery boiler
house; and it shall also be called as the arrangement of main power building in order
to consist with the name in the Standard DL5000. The arrangement of main power
building in the gas turbine power plant should be confirmed according to the
technological process and equipment type for the whole units. The arrangement of
main power building shall either satisfy the requirements of the power plant safety
operation and repair, or attain the arrangement compact and rational to economize the
construction land use and investment for the power plant.
At present, the gas turbine generator units operating in the simple cycle mode in
China shall almost be all adopted with the open-air arrangement, which are enclosed
by the skintight casings supplied by the manufacturers. However, the gas turbine and
heat recovery boiler of the combined-cycle gas turbine power plant should adopt
either the open-air arrangement or the indoor arrangement, depending on the
connecting type and arrangement mode of the gas turbine and steam turbine. To strive
decreasing the smoke emission temperature of the heat recovery boiler in the
combined-cycle gas turbine power plant, the multiple-stage feedwater and
backheating system should not be installed on the thermodynamic system of the steam
turbine. The equipment within the steam turbine house shall be simple, and they
should be arranged compactly and rationally.
The Piping and Wiring Connections Short and Neatly Laid means the pipelines
of the pipe and cable shall short, the pipe resistance shall be less and satisfy the
compensation requirements; in the meanwhile it shall also be convenient for
installation, neat and beautiful, and extension flexible.
6.1.2 To improve the civilized production level of the gas turbine power plant, the
environmental conditions related to the arrangement of main power building is
generally stipulated. It is mainly involved with the equipment working environment,
worker labor conditions and function requirements of the main power building. For
the power plant located at the coastland, it shall be considered for the salt mist
affecting on the open-air equipment and steel structure etc. In the meanwhile, the
open-air arranged equipment shall also consider the relevant requirements of the
firefighting, anti-explosion, moisture-proof, dust-proof, anti-corrosion, anti-freezing
and anti-noise.
6.1.3 The planned capacity of the gas turbine power plant is confirmed according
to the system planning and plant site conditions. Then the overall planning of the gas
turbine power plant and consideration of extension conditions shall be carried out in
accordance to the planned capacity to attain constructing the power plant in a planned
way, and avoid adding construction cost and policy fault.
6.1.4 In the main equipment arrangement of the combined-cycle gas turbine power
plant, attention shall be paid to minimize the exhaust pressure loss between the gas
turbine and the heat recovery boiler, avoid the back pressure of gas turbine raising,
and decrease the output of the gas turbine. It shall also make the steam pressure loss
between the heat recovery boiler and the steam turbine least so as to improve the
whole plant efficiency, i.e. economical efficiency.
6.1.5 The purpose of putting forward this article is to create a beautiful, neat and
concordant work environment in the main power building; it shall be favorable for
safety production, and meet with the requirements of standardizing and
commissioning assessment criterion of thermal power generating units.
6.1.6 Plant-site landform has great influence on the arrangement. When the
landform is not flat, or there is elevation difference, whether or not to take ladder type
arrangement will be considered. When adopting the ladder arrangement, much
attention shall be paid to bring the inconvenience to the equipment transportation and
repairing etc.
Construction conditions influence on the main power plant building refers to
requirements on the main power plant building caused by big piece transportation,
lifting equipment and other construction rigs, construction process and schedule.
6.2 Modes of layout

6.2.1 The power generation thermodynamic cycle composed by the gas turbine
solely driving generator shall be called as the simple cycle. The gas turbine exhaust
should form the steam after passing through the heat recovery boilers heat exchange,
the steam should drive the generator to generate the electric power through the steam
turbine, the combination of the steam power generation thermodynamic cycle and the
gas turbine power generation thermodynamic cycle shall be called as the combined
cycle. For the both cycle modes, as the equipment combination conditions are
different, their arrangement modes of the main power plant building shall also be
different.
6.2.2 Main power building arrangement of the simple-cycle gas turbine power plant
shall be explained as following: The gas turbine and generator shall form one group,
and the parallel arrangement shall be generally adopted between the groups. When
plant site limited, the linear and symmetrical arrangement or consequent arrangement
should be longitudinally employed between groups. When the parallel arrangement
adopted between groups, its width shall satisfy the requirements of the auxiliary
apparatus arrangement and passages. When the linear arrangement adopted
longitudinally, the enough space for generator extracting rotor shall be reserved
between groups. When the simple-cycle gas turbine power plant arranged, it shall
depend on the specific project requirements and conditions. When no provisions that
specifically limits extension, it shall consider the possibility of expanding into
combined cycle, namely reserving the conditions of installing heat recovery boiler,
turbo-generator unit and its auxiliary facilities, as well as generator outgoing lines.
6.2.3 With the main equipment different, the arrangement of the combined-cycle
gas turbine power plant shall have both modes, i.e. multiple-shaft and uniaxial
settings:
1 Multiple-shaft configuration of the combined-cycle gas turbine power plant
units refers to the gas turbine and steam turbine shall be connected with their own
generators respectively, and they shall output the power via more than one shaft.
When the combined-cycle generator units employed with multiple-shaft
configuration, the gas turbine and generator shall form into one group. For the gas
turbine exhausting axially, the parallel arrangement should be adopted between
groups, in the meanwhile the group of both the heat recovery boiler and the gas
turbine should be continually arranged in the same axial line (see Figure 1).
Figure 1 Units Parallel Arrangement at Multiple-shaft

Configured Gas Turbine Exhausting Axially
For the gas turbine exhausting laterally, either the linear arrangement should be
longitudinally employed between groups, or the parallel arrangement employed
between groups. It is shown in the Figure 2 that both gas turbines should be arranged
in the same axial line, the generator symmetrically arranged, and the distance that
extracts the rotor reserved between both generators. The generator should also be
arranged in line. The central lines of both heat recovery boilers shall be perpendicular
to the gas turbine central line respectively. The steam turbine house and the
centralized control building shall be located outside of one heat recovery boiler, and
they shall be parallel with the heat recovery boiler arrangement. Both main
transformers of the gas turbine and one main transformer of the turbo-generator unit
shall outgo line to the boosting station at the same side.
The difference between the Figures 1 and 2 is to widen the distance between both
gas turbines; the steam turbine house should be arranged between both heat recovery
boilers, and the centralized control building located at the top of the steam turbine
house.
It is shown in the Figure 4 that both gas turbines exhausting laterally shall be
parallelly and symmetrically arranged. Both heat recovery boilers shall be located at
the same axial line and perpendicular to the gas turbine axial line respectively. In the
space formed by both gas turbines and both heat recovery boilers, the steam turbine
house shall be arranged adjacent to the end of gas turbine generator.
Figure 2 Units Longitudinal Arrangement at Multiple-shaft Configured Gas Turbine

Exhausting laterally (I)
Being same as the fossil fuel power plant, the turbo-generator unit shall be required to
adopt the indoor arrangement. As for the steam turbine house against the arrangement
mode of the gas turbine units, it shall generally be determined by the main steam line,
recirculating cooling water, generator outgoing line and overall plane site conditions
etc.
FIgure 3 Units Longitudinal Arrangement at Multiple-shaft Configured Gas Turbine

Exhausting laterally (II)
Figure 4 Units Parallel Arrangement at Multiple-shaft Configured Gas Turbine Exhausting
laterally
2 In the unit uniaxial configuration of the combined-cycle gas turbine power

plant, the SIEMENS-WH and ABB-ALSTOM products shall mainly adopt the array
configuration formed by the gas turbine, generator, timing clutch and steam turbine.
See Figure 5.
Figure 5 Uniaxial Configured Heat Recovery Boiler,
Gas Turbine, Generator and Steam Turbine Arrangement
The GE and MHI products shall mainly adopt the array configuration formed by the
gas turbine, steam turbine and generator. See Figure 6.
Figure 6 Uniaxial Configured Heat Recovery Boiler, Gas Turbine, Steam Turbine and Generator
Arrangement
It can be seen that the generator is located between the gas turbine and the steam
turbine in the former configuration scheme. When repairing and extracting the rotor,
the whole generator shall be required to lift or laterally shift to one side; therefore, the
lifting facilities and repairing site must be carefully considered. However, as the steam
turbine can adopt the axial or lateral air exhaust, this shall be convenient to decrease
the central elevation for complete set of units. The parallel arrangement should be
adopted between groups, and this shall be convenient to continuously arrange the heat
recovery boilers in the same axial line. Of course, the linear arrangement should be
longitudinally employed between groups according to the specific conditions
(especially at indoor arrangement).
For the configuration scheme in sequence of the gas turbine, steam turbine and
generator, because the steam turbine is located at the middle, it should only adopt the
downward exhaust, thus the complete set of units should be needed to arrange at the
operation floor, which raises up the unit center elevation (but favorable for setting the
auxiliary unit and auxiliary power). The parallel arrangement should be employed
between groups (especially at indoor arrangement), and the linear arrangement
longitudinally employed between groups.
For the heat recovery boiler arrangement, it shall generally adopt the same axial
line continuing or parallel arrangement together with the group of the gas turbine
and steam turbine.
For the old power plant extension or rebuilding, if limited by the site, it should
select the optimum arrangement scheme in combination with the practical situations.
6.3 Layout of gas turbines and auxiliary facilities

6.3.1 Based on the investigation, the outdoor arrangement shall be mostly adopted
by the simple-cycle gas turbine generator units or combined-cycle & multiple-shaft
configured gas turbine generator units. As the gas turbine generator units are the
container type unit, which is made up by the startup and control room, gas turbine
room and generator room modules, it shall have the following advantages: structure
simple, installation convenient, investment less and construction quick etc. All
modules shall be equipped with the soundproof covers, which stop the noise spreading
to the outside at running. The soundproof cover shall also have the rainproof and
dustproof functions. Seeing through nine gas turbine power plants investigated at
home, although they are located at the south where the rainwater is rich, only the gas
turbine in one power plant shall adopt the indoor arrangement.
For the south regions where the air contains contaminative and corrosive gases, and
the times of the effects caused by the storm water and typhoon is much, or the north
regions where the weather is extremely cold in winter, the gas turbines of the gas
turbine power plant should be considered to adopt the indoor arrangement, such as the
Shakou Gas Turbine Power Plant at Fuoshan city of Guangzhou province in the
former. For the gas turbine power plants where the equipment noise is limited or some
old power plants are to be rebuilt and enlarged, as they are limited by the topographic
conditions, i.e. they are nearby the residential area, for the purpose of unaffecting the
residential living, the gas turbines should also be the indoor arrangement, which
decreases the noise interference on the surrounding resident.
6.3.2 For the uniaxial configured gas turbines with large capacity (now referring to
more than 100MW, such as 9F), the capacity of whole combined-cycle generator units
shall reach more than 300MW, they should adopt the indoor arrangement for the
purpose of facilitating management and repair. Based on the investigation and
learning at oversea, the situations shall basically be so.
6.3.3 The auxiliary facilities related to the gas turbine main equipment shall be
arranged nearby the gas turbine so as to connect with the oil, gas and water etc.
pipelines. But the passing in and out paths for the lifting and transporting devices shall
be smooth. When the gas turbine adopts the outdoor arrangement, the corresponding
auxiliary facilities shall also adopt the outdoor arrangement. To protect the auxiliary
facilities, the rainproof, heat-trace and heating facilities shall be installed to avoid
destroying equipment.
6.4 Arrangement of heat recovery boilers and auxiliary equipment

6.4.1 Both the controlled circulation type heat recovery boiler and the natural
circulation type heat recovery boiler should adopt the outdoor arrangement, and now
such treatment shall be employed at home and abroad. The purpose of the heat
recovery boiler being arranged outdoor mainly is to decrease the construction
investment cost. Speaking to the heat recovery boiler without afterburning, the heat
recovery boiler is a steam generator specially designed to efficiently utilize the high
temperature exhaust energy from the gas turbines, it shall not need to install the
combustion system, and have on one set of auxiliary facilities for the combustion
system in front of the boiler. The surround of the boiler exterior shall be heat
preservation and dissipation heat loss less, and have the rainproof and soundproof
functions. Therefore, the outdoor arrangement shall be all employed by the heat
recovery boilers in the domestic gas turbine power plants. Only when the gas turbine
power plant is located at the extremely cold regions, the indoor arrangement or block
out shall be considered for the heat recovery boilers in order to prevent the accessories
of the heat recovery boiler, such as valves and apparatus freezing off, and the
pipelines breaking.
6.4.2 When the auxiliary facilities (such as the high and low pressure circulating
pumps and high and low pressure makeup pumps etc.) and the accessories of heat
recovery boiler (such as the apparatus and valves etc.) adopting the outdoor
arrangement, the rainproof covers shall be considered to install on the equipment so as
to realize the purpose of protecting the electric motor and electrical equipment from
moisture and corrosion. In the extremely cold regions, the accessories such as the
apparatus and valves etc. shall be insulated to prevent from freezing off. For the
regions where the air contains the corrosive gases (such as salt mist from seaside,
harmful gas emitted from the chemical industry enterprises), it shall also be
considered for the corrosion prevention measures.
6.5 Layout of turbines

The steam turbine arrangement mentioned in this chapter refers to the steam turbine
with the multiple-shaft configuration type.
6.5.1 It is mentioned in the Section 2 of the former Article 6.2.3 that the steam
turbine of the combined-cycle gas turbine power plant shall be different than that of
the conventional power plant in both the exhaust mode and arrangement type. The
steam extraction point shall generally not be set on the steam turbine of the combined-
cycle gas turbine power plant, its thermodynamic system shall be simple, and no
heater platform shall be installed in the steam turbine house. When the steam turbine
adopting the axial exhaust, the condenser and steam turbine shall be installed on the
ground floor of the steam turbine house. The condenser shall be located at the tail of
the steam turbine, and the generator installed at the header of the steam turbine. At
present, the foreign imported steam turbines employed by the multiple-shaft
configuration of the domestic combined-cycle gas turbine power plant shall mostly
belong to this type. The domestic steam turbines matching with the gas turbine shall
mostly adopt the downward exhaust, which are manufactured by means of properly
amending the steam turbines from the conventional fossil fuel power plants, and there
shall be no any one steam turbine specially designed and manufactured to match with
the gas turbine power plants. Therefore, all domestic combined-cycle & multiple-shaft
configured steam turbines shall only adopt the high location arrangement, and set the
steam turbine operation floor. However, the imported axial or lateral exhaust steam
turbines shall all adopt the low location arrangement; as the generator, steam turbine
and condenser are in the same straight line, and the length is greater, the longitudinal
arrangement shall be adopted by the imported steam turbines to decrease the steam
turbine span.
Based on the experience from the conventional fossil fuel power plants, the
indoor arrangement should be adopted by the steam turbines of the gas turbine power
plant.
6.5.2 Auxiliary facilities arrangement:

1 The main oil tank, oil pumps and oil coolers, etc., should be arranged on the
0.00m floor or 0.00m floor pit of the steam turbine house mainly for the purpose of
facilitating the devices repair lifting and operation maintenance.
Steam turbine system fire accidents show that steam turbine oil system must be
provided with different measures to prevent fire accidents from occurring. Beside fire-
fighting water source and other fire fighting equipment according to the fire-fighting
requirements, the oil must be quickly discharged to a proper safe place, but it should
not be discharged into any open channel, neither into any sewer, so as to avoid flame
form spreading, and to avoid accident developing and environmental pollution.
According to investigation, if the emergent oil-discharging door is not allocated
properly, in case of a fire of the oil system, it will be impossible to get close to it to
operate and to handle it in time. For the above reasons, when arrangement of the
emergent oil-discharging door is made, the following factors should be considered:
i.e. the valve should be able to be operated in a safe and convenient place and there
should be two access ways for people to get close to it.
2 No matter whether the desecrator adopting the sliding pressure operation or
fixed pressure operation, the installation height of the desecrator and water supply box
shall be ensured that at the moment when steam turbine throw off some load, the inlet
side of the low pressure water supply pump will not be vaporized.
The desecrator should also be arranged on the heat recovery boiler, its working
steam source should be supplied by the low-pressure steam drum (double as deaerated
water tank). The desecrator should adopt the fixed pressure operation so as to
guarantee normal running of the water supply pump.
When the weather and arrangement conditions allowed, the desecrator should be
arranged in open. At this time, the desecrator should be arranged nearby the outside of
the steam turbine house.
6.5.3 The condenser rubber ball cleaner shall be arranged at one side of inlet and
outlet for recirculated cooling water piping for the purpose of the pipe connecting,
decreasing resistance, lowering energy loss and improving the receiving ball ratio.
6.6 Control room
6.6.1 In the combined-cycle gas turbine power plant, the monitoring and operation
of units shall be mainly centralized on the unit, boiler and electrical centralized
control room in the central control building. No matter whether the multiple-shaft or
uniaxial configuration, the whole combined cycle unit shall be equipped with one set
of Computer Distribution Control System (DCS). For the external systems, such as oil
tank level and oil treatment control system and circulating water system, etc., shall
have the special communications interface connecting with the DCS. Therefore, the
whole control systems in the combined-cycle gas turbine power plant should be
arranged at the centralized control room, and they should build up the central control
building. As regards the local control room supplied together with the main machine
should be whether or not reserved, depend on the owner.
6.6.2 The centralized control room should be located in the central control
building, and each set of units shall adopt the unit control. The central control room
may be used for both units, and it may also be used by four units. The central control
building shall adopt the layered arrangement of the automatic control equipment,
computer room, delay room and cable mezzanine, and it should arrange other
technology facilities and necessary living facilities to facilitate the production
management and improve the operation conditions.
6.6.3 Considering from direction of safety, the safe exits for both the central
control building and the central control room shall not be less than two. The net height
of central control room should not be less than 3.2m, but it shall not be necessary to
adopt the excessively high net height.

6.7.1 When the unit of gas turbine power plant is the uniaxial configuration, the
indoor arrangement should be adopted, and the power building shall be called as the
main power building according to the usage. When the unit is the multiple-shaft
configuration, if the indoor arrangement is adopted by the gas turbine and steam
turbine, then the gas turbine house and steam house shall be provided. And the
maintenance space and place for storage shall be provided in the power buildings.
When the generator unit adopting the longitudinal arrangement, the number of
single unit occupying the main power house shall be very much, therefore every two
units should be provided with the zero elevation site for maintenance. The combined-
cycle generator unit and steam turbine generator unit shall adopt the lateral
arrangement. As the thermodynamic system is simple, the length of power building
shorter than that of the fossil fuel power plant units with the same capacity, four units
shall be provided with one site for maintenance. And the maintenance site should be
located at the zero elevation floor or operation floor.
6.7.2 To reduce the labor strength of maintenance and repairing, and raise the
working efficiency, the bridge type crane shall be provided in the main power
building.
The lifting capacity of bridge type crane and rail head elevation shall be
determined according to the heaviest piece to be lifted during maintenance and the
maximum lifting height, and they shall also be unitedly considered in combination
with the extended unit requirements. When the combined-cycle generator units are
less than two sets or steam turbine generator unit less than four sets, one bridge type
crane shall be installed in the power building; if exceeding the sets above, then
another one bridge type crane should be added. The selected bridge type crane shall
not only satisfy the unit repairing requirements in this phase project, but also all-round
consider the repair lifting requirements from the extended units.
When the combined-cycle generator unit is uniaxial configuration, and the
generator is located between the gas turbine and steam turbine, if adopting the bridge
type crane and the mode that lifts up whole generator for repairing, then the lifting
capacity of hoisting apparatus shall be selected according to the requirements of
lifting whole generator. Of course, the mode Lifting up the generator by jack, sliding
into the guide rail laid, dragging outward to suitable location, then repairing should
also be adopted.
6.7.3 To improve operating and repairing conditions, the pipeline and cable
arrangements on the main and auxiliary machines shall not affect on the equipment
lifting for repair, and they shall reserve the necessary space for repairing.
The longitudinal passages of the power building ground floor should be thorough
and directly possible, with large doors at the two ends. All large doors should be
connected to plant area roads. Thus, all auxiliary machines that ship out the power
building for repair should be carried away from the doors at both ends.
6.7.4 When the gas turbine operating in the open air is overhauled, larger crane is
required to carry the opening cylinder and lifting rotor directly to the gas turbine, and
the parts for maintenance shall be placed nearby, as a result, the auxiliary modules of
the gas turbine shall be put together on one side of the unit so that enough space is
reserved for maintenance on the other side. In addition, the rear part of generator
should also retain enough space for the convenience of operation of rotor of gas
turbine. Dedicated repairing space is not required for the gas turbine operating in the
open-air, the site and the passages around the gas turbine should be used as the sites
for repairing and components and parts lay down, but its area shall satisfy the
requirements above. The site must be enough firm to bear the load caused by piling up
components and parts, and it shall be connected with the main passages in the power
plant to guarantee the truck crane smoothly traveling.
6.7.5 The heat recovery boiler shall generally be arranged in open-air. The standing
derrick or single rail crane should be adopted to the repair of auxiliary equipment at
the top of the heat recovery boiler. The manual single-rail crane shall generally be
adopted above the boiler water circulating pump and feed pump to facilitate the pump
and motor repairing.
6.7.6 When the main and auxiliary machines of gas turbine and heat recovery
boiler, etc., are arranged in open-air, and the fixed type cranes can not be installed, the
truck cranes should be adopted. The lifting capacity of truck cranes shall satisfy the
weight of the heaviest piece lifted. When the capacity of gas turbine is 25MW, the
lifting capacity of the selected truck crane shall be about 30t~35t; when the capacity
of gas turbine is 100MW, the lifting capacity of truck crane shall be about 150t. As the
lifting capacity of truck crane shall be related to the distance of piece lifted, much
attention shall be paid to this factor at considering the lifting capacity of truck crane.
6.7.7 The heat recovery boilers of gas turbine power plant shall mostly adopt the
outdoor arrangement, the valves of main steam and water pipelines shall be arranged
at the locations convenient for operating and repairing.
7. Fuel Supply Equipment and System

All articles related to the fuel oil system in DL5000 shall be used for the boiler low-
load flame stabilizing and fuel oil for ignition systems. The sections 1, 2, 4 and 5 of
article 7.1.2 in this code, section 5 of article 7.1.3, section 5 of article 7.1.5 and
sections 1 and 2 of article 7.1.6 shall be uniformly considered in reference to the
technical requirements about fuel oil system of the conventional oil-fired power plant,
in combination with the requirements for both the DL5000 and power plant fuel-oil
design manual as well as the investigation and research results of domestic gas-
turbine power plants.
7.1.1 According to investigation, no matter whether the foreign imported or
domestic manufactured gas turbines, the fuels for burning now shall include the
natural gas, liquefied gas, light oil, crude oil or heavy oil, in which the heavy-oil fired
gas turbines are constructed in recent period, and they mainly use the 180# heavy oil.
As the viscosity of the crude oil and heavy oil is higher (for instance the kinematic
viscosity of 180# heavy oil is about 180mm2/s at 50C), in order to avoid the fuel oil
adhering at the oil system pipeline and gas turbine, affecting the passage cleanliness,
thus resulting in the unit efficiency lowering, the gas turbine used with the crude oil
and heavy oil must adopt the light oil to flush the fuel oil system between the front
system and the gas turbine before starting up and at shutting down. At starting up, the
light oil should also be used as the ignition and stabilizing combustion oil. In case
adopting the addition of heating temperature to lower fuel oil viscosity, attention shall
be paid that the heating temperature extremely high will cause separating carbon,
result in the oil way blocking, affect the cleanliness of gas turbine unit passages
(including heat recovery boiler passage), thus affect the unit efficiency. Therefore, the
proper heating temperature shall be confirmed according to the properties of oils and
equipment.
The investigation and research find that some gas turbine power plants install the
heating facilities in the light oil system, which makes the oil temperature over 5C in
winter so as to guarantee the wax in the fuel oil is always under dissolved state, and
can not generate the separating wax phenomenon. The heating methods should
include: installing the steam heating facilities in the oil tank, or installing the electric
heating facilities among the modules and insulating the fuel oil pipeline from oil tank
to gas turbine.
According to the generating equipment data from GE, before treatment, the limit
content of trace metal in fuel oil shall be: 150mg/kg of natrium + kalium, 10mg/kg of
calcium, 1mg/kg of plumbum, and the content of vanadium depending on the
statutory provisions where the power plant is located (generally less than 100mg/kg).
Because the natrium, kalium, plumbum and vanadium will create the high-
temperature corrosion on the gas turbine, the calcium should cause the sediment
incrustation so as to lower the gas turbine efficiency and service life. In case the
content of trace metal in fuel oil is extremely high, then it should affect the treatment
capacity of oil treatment system.
7.1.2 Unloading oil system and facilities:
When railway transportation is adopted for fuel oil transportation, the unloading
oil station should not be too long, and the length of the unloading station for fuel oil,
should be considered for accommodating 12~24 oil wagons (usually one train with 48
oil wagons). For unloading 180# heavy oil, including connection of cars, heating,
unloading oil, sweeping tail and going astern, the completion of whole unloading oil
process shall be done within 6 hours, then one train should divide into two times, and
complete the unloading oil in total 12 hours. In case incompletion of unloading oil
within 6 hours in one time, then the both sides unloading oil stations should be
considered to satisfy the requirements from the railway transportation department.
From the entering of the fuel oil wagons into the power plant to completion of
unloading the oil wagons, a lapse of time from 8-12h, should be considered.
The oil wagons shall generally adopt the downward unloading mode, and only
2~3 upward unloading jumpers shall be installed at one end of unloading station (this
mode must be adopted at unloading light oil) in order to carry out the top unloading
oil to the oil wagon that the lower port is blocked and can not unload oil. At this time,
the vacuum system must be equipped.
7.1.3 Oil storage system and facilities:
1 Based on the results of the investigation, the light oils used by the gas turbine
power plant shall belong to the indigenous oil, so that it shall still be used according
the light oil tank storing capacity defined in the DL5000, i.e. 10 days. And the storage
capacity should also be determined according to the fuel oil supply source conditions
after the technical and economical comparison.
2 It is considered that the heavy oils used by the gas turbine mostly may be the
imported heavy oil, their transportation distance long, and the factors of possible
affecting on transportation very much. Therefore, the total storage capacity of the oil
tanks shall be selected according to the total oil consumption of not less than 15 days.
For the specific project, the required storage days should be determined according to
the conditions of fuel oil supply source after the technical and economical
comparison. For the number of heavy oil and crude oil tanks, considering this code
applicable for the gas turbine power plant with small capacity, and the land occupied
by oil tanks not too large, therefore the heavy oil or crude oil tanks of not less than
three shall be installed.
3 The fuel oil delivery pumps shall be used to convey the light and heavy oils
from the fuel oil storage tanks to the fuel oil treatment equipment. It is seen through
the fuel oil system of the investigated gas turbine power plants, the header system
shall be provided at the inlet and outlet of fuel oil delivery pumps. To guarantee the
requirements of intake head of the fuel oil delivery pumps, the underground
arrangement shall be adopted for the inlet header of fuel oil delivery pumps, while the
outlet pipeline of fuel oil delivery pumps should be arranged according to the site
conditions. The outlet pipeline should generally adopt the overhead arrangement.
4 To guarantee the intake head of the fuel oil delivery pumps, the fuel oil
delivery pump house should be close to the oil tank area. According to the
investigation and research, most of gas turbine power plants shall be compactly
arranged. To economize the land use and facilitate management, under the conditions
of satisfying the requirements of fuel oil delivery pump intake head, the fuel oil
delivery pump should be arranged in the fuel oil treatment room.
5 The flow capacity and delivery lift for fuel oil delivery pumps and its margin
shall be executed according to the relevant items in DL 5000.
7.1.4 Fuel oil treatment system:
The foreign substances contained in the fuel oil, such as the kalium, natrium,
vanadium, calcium, plumbum and sulfur, shall be the main reason that causes the gas
turbine blade depositing dust and corroding, especially the heavy oil and crude oil
containing greater foreign substances. When using such fuel oils, they must be at first
treated.
The gas turbine blade shall have two corrosions under high temperature: One of
them is the high temperature sulfur corrosion; another is vanadium corrosion. As the
sulfur corrosion is carried out through the sulfate (such as sodium salt, kali salt), while
the sodium and kali salts in fuel oil can be dissolved in water, the sulfur corrosion
should be eliminated through adopting water-washing methods.
1 The fuel oil treatment modes mainly fall into centrifugal type and
electrostatic type, and the former shall be widely adopted in China. Each line of the
fuel oil treatment equipment shall be considered according to 24h continuous
operation, but the fuel oil treatment equipment shall be required to carry out the
maintenance and repair, therefore one line shall be reserved as standby. When shutting
down one line with the maximum, the rest of lines shall be considered according to
24h continuous operation to satisfy the total treatment requirements of daily fuel
consumption from the whole power plant gas turbines. But because the natrium +
kalium content in the fuel oil used by the gas turbine is strictly required by the gas
turbine, the natrium + kalium content in the fuel oil shall be no more than 1mg/kg
after treatment. However, the contents of the natrium and kalium in the fuel oil shall
be more less after treatment, the output of the fuel oil treatment facilities shall be
more lower. For example, when it is required that the natrium + kalium content in the
fuel oil should be 1mg/kg after treatment, the output of the fuel oil treatment facilities
shall be 28t/h; but when it is required that the natrium + kalium content in the fuel oil
should be 0.5mg/kg, the output of the fuel oil treatment facilities shall be down to
20t/h. Therefore, when selecting the capacity of the fuel oil treatment facilities, this
factor shall be considered.
2 Based on the investigation, after treatment of the fuel oil in most of gas
turbine power plants, the header system shall be adopted for the pipelines from the
purified oil to the purified oil tank, and the power plants consider that the fuel oil
pipelines shall be overhead arranged, which is favorable for the construction,
operation management and maintenance.
7.1.5 Fuel oil front system:

The scope of the fuel oil preposition system shall include the purified oil tanks,
purified oil front pump until the gas turbine selecting module inlet, and the fuel oil
can be delivered to the gas turbine according to demands.
1 Three purified fuel oil tanks should be installed. As the purified fuel oil is
directly delivered to the gas turbine for combusting, although absolutely most of
moisture and foreign substances have been separated out through the fuel oil
treatment, at least 24h deposition shall be carried out, and the floating ball type high-
position oil suction shall be adopted to absorb the more clean fuel oil, which is what
the gas turbine manufacturers have demanded. In the three purified fuel oil tanks, one
of them shall be used for oil entry after treatment of fuel oil, another used to deposit
for 24 hours, and the last one used to supply the fuel oil for gas turbines. The three
fuel oil tanks shall be used one by one. To purify the fuel oil delivered into the gas
turbine as much as possible, the lowest oil suction position shall be higher than the
fuel oil tank bottom for a certain distance.
2 Same as the Section 4 in Article 7.1.3. Under the conditions of satisfying the
intake head requirements of front pump, one pump house should be jointly used by
the front pump and fuel oil delivery pump or they shall be arranged in the fuel oil
treatment room. As it is required that the front pump should be arranged as much as
possible close to the purified fuel oil tanks, once the intake head requirements of front
pump are not satisfied, the relay pump should only be installed in the system to
guarantee the pump safety operation. The front pump should be arranged close to the
gas turbine.
3 & 4 The front pump shall be used to deliver the light oil and purified fuel oil
from the fuel oil tanks to the gas turbine. It is seen through the fuel oil system of the
investigated gas turbine power plants, the header system shall be adopted at the front
pump inlet, and the unit system shall be adopted at most of the front pump outlets.
Each gas turbine shall be equipped with two front pumps, one of them running,
another standby. The header system shall also be adopted at few inlet and outlet of the
front pump in the gas turbine power plant. It is proved through practice that both
methods above shall be practicable, and both operation modes should be safe and
reliable. In total resistance (excluding oil gun atomizing pressure and static pressure in
potential difference) calculation of the preposition system, its margin should be not
less than 30%.
Some power plants reflect that the strainer in front of the gas turbine is often blocked,
while the strainer at the front pump is very clean because of the big hole. Therefore,
they desire to use the switching strainer with mesh hole of 20m instead of the
original strainer so as to mitigate the load of the strainer in front of the gas turbine.
5 The purpose of heating and purging is to facilitate the conveying and
atomizing of the fuel oil, generally adopting the heat tracing and stream or
compressed air purging. However, measures shall be taken for the steam blowing
system to avoid the backward flow of fuel oil into the steam pipelines. If conditions
offer, the steam source whose pressure is higher than the fuel oil pressure should be
adopted.
7.1.6 The purpose of setting waste-oil pond is to reclaim the fuel oil, and avoid the
waste oil flowing into the drainage system and polluting the water body. Therefore,
the waste oil treatment facilities shall also be provided.
For the treatment of waste water containing with fuel oil, its purpose is to make
the waste water discharging accord with the environmental protection drainage
standards, and avoid polluting the environment.

7.2.1 The interim fuel system or standby fuel system shall be provided for the gas
turbine power plant used with the natural gas. It is stipulated to select the
corresponding species of fuels that the gas turbine can use. It is investigated that the
natural gas fired gas turbines supplied by the large-scale gas turbine manufacturers
mostly should be equipped with the double-fuel combustion system. The light oil shall
generally be adopted as the interim fuel or standby fuel by the natural gas fired gas
turbines only at the gas source can not guarantee continuously providing, and other
fuel that the gas turbine permits shall also be adopted. The interim fuel storage
capacity shall be reasonably determined generally according to the time that the gas
source may stop supplying.
As the addition of one set of standby fuel system will inevitably lead to a rise in
the project investment, and when operating with the standby fuel, the gas turbine
output, efficiency and life will be affected, setting the standby fuel system should be
determined after the technical and economic comparison. It is known that, the oversea
gas turbine power plants, even if carrying the basic load, shall not be equipped with
the standby fuel system. While the domestic gas turbine power plants undertake the
peak load due to their excellent peaking capability, and the standby fuel system shall
not be considered by the power plants. Therefore, whether or not the power plant is
equipped with the double-fuel system, shall be determined according to the
construction conditions of gas supply project, stability of supply gas source and
reliability, load property undertaken by unit in the electric network, standby fuel
source and project cost etc. after the technical and economic comparison.
7.2.2 As the natural gas is carried through the pipeline, and the gas consumption of
the power plant is huge, the power plant used with the natural gas shall usually be
built at the regions where the natural gas resource is rich, such as the natural gas fields
or the natural gas delivery pipelines etc. In other regions, if the power plants using the
natural gas, then the long-distance natural gas delivery pipelines shall be laid, thus
they shall increase the investment. Otherwise, the development and utilization of the
natural gas source is under the starting stage in China, the price of natural gas is
higher, therefore whether or not the power plant uses the natural gas shall be
confirmed after the technical and economic comparison.
The natural gas pressures from different natural gas supply sources shall be
different, and the natural gas quality and temperature etc. shall not be absolutely
identical. The different gas turbines shall have different demands on the intake
pressure of natural gas, temperature and quality, and the difference of environmental
conditions in all regions shall also very large. The factors above shall play decisive
actions on the draft of the technological process of the natural gas system in plant
area, selection of design parameters and equipment selecting.
1 The natural gas consumption of gas turbine in the gas turbine power plant
shall not only depend on the gas turbine load changing, but also depend on the
different environment temperatures. The delivery capacity of the natural gas piping
entering into the power plant shall be considered according to the maximum natural
gas consumption in this code, which satisfies the requirements of the gas turbine
under any conditions. In case considering extension, then the header entering to the
power plant shall also consider the extension requirements (excluding the power
building otherwise setting the natural gas delivery pipeline).
2 It is stipulated in the chapter 3.1.2 of the standard GB50251-1994: The
mechanical impurity must be removed from the natural gas entering to the natural gas
delivery pipelines; the water dew point shall be lower 5C than the lowest
environment temperature under the delivery conditions; the hydrocarbon pew point
shall be no more than the lowest environment temperature; and the hydrogen sulfide
content in gas shall not be greater than 20mg/m 3. When the delivered gas is
unconformity with the requirements above, the corresponding protection measures
must be taken. The stipulations of this standard shall mainly consider the
transportation technicology of the gas delivered by pipelines, pipeline transporting
safety, pipeline corrosion and user utilizing requirements on gas quality. In which, the
purpose of stipulating the water pew point is to prevent from generating the
electrochemical corrosion or other corrosions due to free water existing in pipelines;
the purpose of stipulating the hydrocarbon pew point is to prevent from condensing
and separating out the liquid hydrocarbon in the gas delivered by pipelines so as to
improve the pipeline transporting efficiency and guarantee gas transportation safety;
the purpose of stipulating the hydrogen sulfide content is to ensure the users safety
and environment sanitation, and consider the economical efficiency of centralized
desulphurization. The natural gas entering to the site natural gas system shall meet
with the basic requirements on the gas delivered by pipelines. Otherwise, the gas
turbine shall have the specifically particular requirements on the quality of natural gas
at its inlet, especially the mechanical impurity content and particle size, water and
hydrocarbon pew points, heating value, sulfur content and trace metal content etc.
shall often have the specific provisions to guarantee the gas turbine safely and
economically operating. Therefore, it is emphasized that the natural gas entering to the
gas turbine shall satisfy the gas turbine manufacturers requirements on the natural gas
quality.
The quality index of natural gas transported to the power plant by the natural gas
delivery department shall conform to the stipulations of the standard GB17820
Natural Gas.
3 Same as other system design in power plant, the selection of natural gas
system designing parameters shall guarantee the gas turbine power plant realizing the
safety, full output and economy operation. As natural gas belongs to the flammable
and explosive gas, it is especially important for the safety of natural gas system itself.
When selecting the natural gas system designing parameters, the guaranteeing safety
shall be put in the first place. Under this prerequisite, the investment shall be
economized as much as possible.
4 The natural gas system in whole power plant shall include the plant area
natural gas pipelines and pressure regulating station (if required to set the booster, it
shall also include the booster part). The trend of plant area natural gas pipelines and
the arrangement of pressure regulation station shall be brought into the overall plane
arrangement, and unitedly planned. The state prevailing relevant standards and
regulations shall be satisfied in the distance between the natural gas pipelines and the
site other facilities as well as the fire fighting distance on the natural gas station yard
and its location to guarantee the safety. In the meanwhile, it shall also consider the
natural gas source locations, shorten the pipeline length, economize the investment
and facilitate operation and maintenance.
7.2.3 The provisions on pipeline design shall be listed out as following:
1 Before the natural gas pipeline designing, the natural gas components,
temperature, gas source pressure and floating scope etc. shall be provided, and the
design gas consumption shall be determined.
Site natural gas pipelines shall be designed according to different working
pressures, which is roughly divided into the following parts: i Off-site gas supply
interface to pressure regulator valve front; ii Pressure regulator valve rear to booster
inlet; iii Booster outlet to gas turbine gas intake. As the partial pressure of gas supply
points in power plants is often unstable, the pipeline design pressure in part i shall
depend on the highest pressure of the gas supply points; it is considered that the
pressure regulator valve may be malfunction, the pipeline design pressure in part ii
shall also adopt the same design pressure as part i; the pipeline design pressure in part
iii shall depend on the highest pressure of the booster outlet.
When the gas source pressure severely fluctuates, the material of gas intake
pipelines and its wall thickness shall be selected according to the higher limit pressure
in order to guarantee safety; the pipeline diameter shall be selected according to the
lower limit pressure to ensure its negotiability.
It is considered that the natural gas pipelines may engender the local high
pressure during operation (e.g. when quickly shutting down the gas supply, it may
generate air hammer etc.), and the pipeline wall shall also be thinned due to corrosion.
To ensure safety, the pressure grade of site natural gas pipelines shall often be selected
according to the pressure grade that is higher than the pressure grade corresponding to
the highest working pressure, in combination with experience during actual project
design.
2 In the calculating formula of the gas delivery pipe pressure drop, there shall
be one compression coefficient Z, which means the correction of actual gas vs ideal
gas state equation.
Z value shall be related to the natural gas components, temperature and pressure.
The roughly calculating formula shall be introduced here:
100
For dry whether: Z = (1)
100+1.73p 1.15
100
For the petroleum gas that draws off light oil: Z = (2)
100+2.92P1.25
Where:
P absolute pressure of natural gas, MPa.
______
For the caliber determination of the gas delivery pipelines, the inner diameter
shall generally be at first calculated according to the fuel gas flow capacity and
permissible pressure drop of fuel gas, and then selected according to the pipe size. In
case the pressure drop of gas delivery pipelines provisionally can not be determined, it
shall adopt the medium flow rate to roughly estimate, then check the pressure drop for
conforming to the requirements, thus adjust step by step. The medium flow rate of
15m/s~30m/s now shall be selected in most of power plant designs.
Moreover, the diameter of induction pipe at inlet of the pressure regulating station
shall generally be consistent with the natural gas pipelines entering to the power plant.
The pipe diameter in the pressure regulation station shall be calculated according to
the equipment selecting in the pressure regulation station.
3 The layout mode of site natural gas pipelines shall be very flexible, and it
shall be determined according to the specific conditions. Seeing from the
investigation, some power plants shall adopt both the ground arrangement in the
pressure regulation station and the pipe underground layout in other plant area;
otherwise some power plants shall consider the pipelines are required for insulation or
heat trace. To facilitate maintenance and repairing, the site pipelines shall adopt the
overhead layout mode. But the pipe ditch layout shall not be adopted to avoid the
leakage gas may gather in the pipe ditch and affect the safety.
4 This article shall be established in reference to the chapter 3.4.2 in standard
GB50251-1994 and the part (c) of item 846.21 in American National Standard (ANS)
ANSIB31.8 Gas Delivery and Gas Distribution Pipeline Systems. The purpose of
setting the blow-down pipe is to eliminate the residual gas in pipes at the gas delivery
system outage.
5 The purpose of adding bushing is to prevent the soil from sinking due to the
rolling of vehicle or prevent from damaging the natural gas pipelines due vehicle
colliding.
6 Except for the repairing and dismantling positions, the natural gas pipelines
shall be connected through using the welding to prevent from leaking.
7.2.4 The design requirements on the site pressure regulation station shall be listed
as following:
1 The pressure-regulating pipeline in the pressure regulation station shall
generally be divided into multiple branch pipes to decrease the flow capacity in the
pressure-regulating pipeline, and obtain the better pressure stabilization efficiency.
Each unit ought to be equipped with one branch pipe so as to facilitate controlling the
gas supply capacity. The self-force type pressure regulator valve often used by the
pressure-regulating station shall easily block, and it should be required to carry out the
aperiodic cleaning. Other valve equipment should also be repaired; hence the repair
standby branch shall be provided for the absolutely most of natural gas pressure-
regulating stations in the gas turbine power plants. At present, the domestic gas-fired
gas turbine power plants shall be almost installed with 1~2 unit(s), hence it is
stipulated in this article that one maintenance and repairing standby branch ought to
be provided for every 2~3 units. As for how to configure the pressure-regulating
station with multiple units or pressure-regulating station with large capacity shall be
felt after. A small number of power plants, besides installation of the standby branch,
shall be equipped with one repair bypass. The repair bypass should not be installed
with the pressure regulator valve, only installed with the cut-off valve, which is used
for the situations when one branch carries out the repair, and another operating branch
fails at the same time. But according to investigation, this situation shall hardly
happen, and the units mostly shall be in peaking operation, convenient for arranging
the repair. This bypass shall almost never be used; hence the otherwise repair bypass
should be no longer installed.
2 Due to un-needing the adscititious energy sources and operation medium,
installation and maintenance convenient and adjustment performance good, the self-
force type pressure regulator valve shall be universally used in the pressure-regulating
station. The size of pressure regulator valve shall be calculated and selected according
to the valve front pressure and temperature, valve rear pressure and gas flow capacity
etc. The grade used by the pressure regulator valve shall depend on the pressure
difference between valve front and valve rear. In the past, the first grade pressure
regulating should be generally adopted when considering the pressure-regulating ratio
not large (no more than 20 times); the second grade pressure regulating should be
adopted when the pressure difference between the pressure regulator valve front and
pressure regulator valve rear was greater (pressure-regulating ratio more than 20
times, or pressure exceeding 1MPa) and the pressure regulator valve rear wasnt
permitted to have greater pressure surge. Whereas, the pressure regulator valve
manufactured today is capable to bear the greater pressure difference, and the valve
rear pressure surge is less, therefore the first grade pressure regulating shall be
adopted under the general conditions.
When signing the gas supply contract or agreement with the off-site gas supplier,
the quality requirements on the natural gas supplied shall be generally determined
through negotiation. The site pressure regulating station shall be coordinated and
cooperated with the off-site gas branch transporting station or gas supply station. The
treatment on the natural gas shall be completed to achieve the gas turbine admission
requirements.
Due to free of clotted liquid in most natural gas supplied by the power plant, only
few of gas turbine power plants that the natural gas is supplied by the gas mines or the
off-site natural gas treatment is inadequate shall be equipped with the gas and liquid
separator at the gas intake end of pressure regulating station. As the liquid content in
gas is less, the cyclone separator charactered with volume small, treating gas capacity
greater and separating the fine particulates, shall be generally adopted.
In the pressure regulating station, the equipment that eliminates the mechanical
impurity in the natural gas generally shall adopt both the multibarrel cyclone dust
extractor and filter. The multibarrel cyclone dust extractor shall have the higher
separation efficiency (generally more than 90%), and it shall be charactered with the
treatment capacity greater, structure compact, management convenient and no
consumptive materials. The filter should achieve the higher purifying effect, but its
resistance should be greater. In the past, the filter medium was often adopted with the
horsehair, and now it mostly shall adopt the textile product made by various fibers,
basketry made by fibrous metals and ceramics etc.
The size for both separator and dust collecting filter shall be selected according to
the working pressure, treatment gas capacity and allowable flow rate etc. after
calculation.
To adapt for the load changing and facilitate the maintenance and repairing, the
multiple-group paralleling mode shall generally be adopted by the separators and duct
collecting filters in pressure regulating station, and they, corresponding with the
pressure regulation branch, shall be provided for the standby.
3 The pressure regulating station in the extremely cold regions ought to be
equipped with the natural heater, and the heating medium should adopt the site
auxiliary steam. The insulation or heat-trace measures ought to be provided for the
pipeline equipment in pressure regulating station and the natural gas pipes overhead
laid in plant area. The pressure regulator valve shall also adopt the frigostabile type.
4 The natural gas booster shall be installed only when the gas supply pressure
of off-site natural gas can not satisfy the requirements of gas turbine inlet pressure. As
the installation of booster needs adding investment and increasing auxiliary power
loss, that the working hard for the supplied natural gas having the pressure required
by the gas turbine inlet shall be as much as possible negotiated with the natural gas
suppliers at building power plant in order to not install the booster. It is investigated
that the boosters shall need a certain capacity margin, which generally adopts
5%~15%, and the margin of 10% shall be considered in this standard.
The natural gas booster shall be divided into following types: reciprocating type,
centrifugal type and screw stem type. At present, the several types of boosters above
shall be installed in domestic gas turbine power plants, and they shall have their own
advantage and disadvantage during operation. Specifically selecting which type shall
be determined according to the quality conditions of natural gas, technical
requirements on gas turbine fuel, booster inlet and outlet pressures, gas turbine gas
consumption, power plant operation and repairing conditions and price etc. after
comprehensive comparison and selection.
The prime mover of natural gas booster shall mainly be the motor, piston type gas
engine and gas turbine. As the motor has the following advantages: working reliable,
convenient for installing, cost low and easy control etc., and the power supply is
convenient in power plant, the natural gas booster of gas turbine power plant ought to
adopt the motor to drive.
In every power plant, the same type of gas turbines shall match with the same
type of boosters, and its purpose is convenient for operation and maintenance
management.
5 The purpose of installing the safety valve on the booster outlet liaison pipes
or main pipes and booster outlet pipes is to prevent the pressure in pipes from
suddenly raising and damaging instrument and equipment at the pressure regulator
valve failing or gas consumption suddenly decreasing (units rejecting load or
emergency shutdown). When the pressure surge of pressure regulating station inlet is
greater, the safety valve shall be installed in front of the gas intake cut-off valve of
pressure regulating station in order to prevent from the pressure excessively high and
damaging the instrument and equipment. The safety valve setting pressure and release
pipe diameter shall be determined according to the chapter 3.4 in standard GB50251-
1994.
6 The arrangement mode of natural gas pressure regulating station (including
booster) in gas turbine power plant shall mainly be the outdoor arrangement, semi-
outdoor arrangement (e.g. open arrangement of rainproof facilities) and indoor
arrangement. As the natural gas is easy of exploding, the equipment and valve parts in
pressure regulating station abundant, and the natural gas easy of leakage, the outdoor
arrangement shall be as much as possible adopted as long as the equipment (mainly
including self-force type pressure regulator valve and booster) working condition
allowable. In the extremely cold and wind-sand regions, the indoor arrangement shall
also be adopted in order to prevent frostbite and sand, but the buildings must have a
good ventilation conditions and enough explosion-proof and pressure-relief area. As
the natural gas is easy of exploding after leakage, the electrical equipment used in the
natural gas system should have explosion-proof performance and measures.
7 The pressure regulation station shall install the fixed lifting facilities for
repairing and reserve the repair site; especially for the booster house, its height shall
satisfy the equipment dismounting and lifting requirements. The fixed lifting facilities
should be uninstalled when the pressure regulating station or booster is arranged in
open or lightweight and structural power buildings, but the lifting sites of mobile
crane and its traveling passages shall be provided.
7.2.5 Requirements on auxiliary facilities and so on:
1 To measure and calculate the actual consumption of natural gas for turbine
power plant, the natural gas flow gauge shall generally be installed in the pressure
regulating stations. It shall be considered to respectively reserve the enough straight
pipe length at the flow gauge front and rear.
2 This article stipulates the lightning protection and earthing requirements of
natural gas pressure regulating station.
3 This article stipulates the paint insulating and anti-corrosion designing
requirements of site natural gas pipelines.
4 The natural gas is a flammable and explosive fuel. When the natural gas
delivery pipe is outage or switching over, it must adopt the inert gas for purging in
order to guarantee safety. For this, the permutation system shall be provided, and its
gas consumption value shall be decided in reference to the certain design of project
concerning foreign affairs.
5 This article stipulates the design requirements on gas permutation of site
natural gas system.
6 This article stipulates the accept requirements of site natural gas pipelines.
7 This article stipulates the specific requirements of site natural gas pipeline
cleaning.
8 This article stipulates the specific requirements of site natural gas pipeline
purging.
9 This article stipulates the requirements on the blowdown system of natural
gas condensed liquid in the pressure regulating station.
10 The specific testing requirements on the natural gas pipelines using water as
strength test.
11 The specific requirements on tightness testing of natural gas pipelines.
For the article 5.11 in French Fuel Gas Standard TG298-1970, the pressure test
standard of steel pipework at working pressure Pms0.4MPa see table 2.
Table 2 Pressure Test Standard of Steel Pipework

Airtightness Strength test Tightness test
pretest Medium Time Pressure Medium Time Pressure
Max. working pressure Air with air
24
(bar) external pressure of 6
Water 4 hours 1.5 Pms Air hours 1 bar
diameter of pipeline bars. Soap
T 192
(mm)<1500 water checking
leak.
Max. working pressure Air with air
24 Pms
(bar) external pressure of 6
Water 2 hours 1.5 Pms Water hours <Pe<1.5Pms
diameter of pipeline bars. Soap
(mm)1500 water checking
leak.
Referring to American National Standard (ANS) ANSIB31.8 and 841.34, and
considering the actual condition in China and the related provisions, the air-tightness
pretesting as specified in TG298 is conducted after the intensity test and tightness test
is successfully passed. It is stipulated the air-tightness testing pressure is 0.6MPa, and
the test time is no less than 24 hours. No leakage through a check using the suds shall
be regarded as the criteria for assessment.
12 The specific locations where the natural gas pipelines have been buried in
underground for a long time may be forgotten or despised by the people, thus they are
damaged due to pressing or damaged at excavating. Therefore, it is necessary to set up
the marks catching attention.
8. Gas turbine equipment and systems

8.1.1 GB/T15135 Gas Turbine Terms and ISO11086:1996 have given out their
stipulations on the standard rated output of gas turbines respectively, both of them are
basically same, but ISO11086 shall be more accurate in expression, which adapts to
the definition on power at different excitation modes. The both standards should be
comparative each other.
It is stipulated in ISO11086:1996 the standard rated output of gas turbines means
the standard or guaranteed output that gas turbine is operating when turbine
temperature, rotary speed, fuel, inlet gas temperature, pressure and related moisture
and exhaust pressure are standard reference condition, and under new and clean states.
The standard reference condition of gas turbines shall adopt the following hypotheses:
The compressor air inlet (full pressure, temperature and related moisture) and
turbine exhaust flange (static pressure) shall be standard atmosphere value, i.e.
pressure 101.3kPa, temperature 15C and related moisture 60%;
The temperature of cooling water or air that is used to cool the working substance
shall be 15C;
H/C weight ratio of standard gaseous fuels shall be of 0.333, and net specific
energy of 50000kJ/kg;
H/C weight ratio of standard fuel oils shall be 0.1417, and net specific energy of
42000kJ/kg.
There shall be no intake and exhaust pressures loss. Output shall be the electric
power at the generator terminal or the mechanical power at turbine shaft coupling, in
which the mechanical power independently driving auxiliary load is deducted, and its
position must be clearly indicated. The auxiliary load means all loads needed by the
support system of gas turbine power installation, but excluding the load of gaseous
fuel compressor. The items or contents of auxiliary load have not been specifically
explained in the standards above. Seeing from the conditions of conventional fossil-
fired power plants, the independently driven auxiliary load in this part shall refer to
both the excitation load and main (lubricating and governing) oil pump load in order
to compare the different schemes.
But the environmental conditions at plant location site may have a greater
difference than the ISO standard reference condition, thus this affects the performance
index of gas turbine, it is required to evaluate the performance parameters of gas
turbine under the designed and preset operation conditions. The purpose of evaluation
is to utilize the exhaust afterheat of gas turbine in high-efficiency and economization,
take the exhaust parameters of gas turbine under this operation condition as the
boundary conditions of selecting steam cycle and its parameters, make the design of
heat recovery boiler and steam turbine more economical and rational, and lesser
deviate the design conditions at running.
The main performance parameters under the designed presetting operation
conditions shall include the site (design) rated output of basic load, heat efficiency
and specific heat consumption, exhaust flow rate of gas turbine, pressure and
temperature.
The site (design) rated output of gas turbine: namely, the auxiliary load subtracted
from the power measured at the generator terminal under the condition of designed
presetting annual average meteorology parameters and site other condition when the
gas turbine is operating in the new and clean state educes the net power guarantee
value. According to the provisions of GB/T14099 Gas Turbine Purchasing and
GB/T14100 Gas Turbine Acceptance Tests, the auxiliary load detracted shall refer
to the auxiliary machine power that is needed by unit operation, but it is not driven by
unit itself. If the auxiliary machine power is not related with the unit operation, and it
is provided by the unit itself, then the power shall be added. In the meanwhile, the
rated performance at site should consider the pressure drop loss between gas turbine
gas intake and gas turbine exhaust.
The preset annual average meteorological parameters is the weighted average
value of preset operating hours month by month and the load or load rate according to
the local meteorological data and the design.
The site (design) rated output of gas turbine base load, heat efficiency and
specific heat consumption shall be evaluated under the conditions above. In the
meanwhile, the guarantee power that gas turbine reaches to the load of 100% under
the monthly maximum average meteorology parameter and monthly minimum
average meteorology parameter shall also be evaluated.
In principle, the equipment matched with gas turbine shall not limit the output of
gas turbine. As the output of gas turbine is raised with the environment temperature
lowering, the gas turbine installed at the locations where the environment temperature
is lower in winter, shall be equipped with the generator with large power, which is
used to absorb the additional power generated by gas turbine under the condition of
environment temperature lower. The output of certain gas turbine at the environment
temperature of 10C should be higher 7.5% than that at 15C, and the output at
-15C should be higher 9% than that at 15C. Hence, the continuous power most
guaranteed by gas turbine ought to be selected on the basis of the evaluated monthly
minimum average temperature, but it shall not be based on the absolutely minimum
temperature. The time when this low temperature presents generally is not too longer,
and it shall not excessively increase the generator output for this.
Refer to the description of 12.1.2 for the description of the stipulation that the
performance parameters under the operating mode of basic load are taken as the
reference ones.
8.1.2 For main equipment of gas turbine power plant, it shall be clearly stipulated
to the electric power load property undertaken by the main equipment so as to
manufactures have their corresponding measures in structure design, material use and
production technology; especially the gas turbine that undertakes the varying load, it
shall keep the unit equipment undamaged in whole life period to achieve the expectant
performance and available rate. And the appropriate maintenance conditions shall be
considered.
8.1.3 Investigations show that the combined cycle generator units that the unit
capacity of gas turbine is 150MW and below among the gas turbine power plants built
in China shall be the multiple-shaft configuration, which is mainly limited by the item
limits of examination and approval authority and capital investing in stages during
power plant construction as well as electric network load demands etc. In the
combined cycle generator units that the unit capacity of overseas gas turbines is
150MW and below, the coaxial or non-axial configuration mode between the steam
turbine and the gas turbine shall be used, while the combined cycle generator units
that the unit capacity of gas turbines is 200MW and above mostly shall adopt the
uniaxial configuration.
When power plant undertakes partial load, the multiple suites of uniaxial
configuration units should adopt the shutting down several suits of units to adapt for
the system load, while the running units shall still continue operating under the state
of closely rated output. In case the suites of multiple-shaft configuration units is less,
then the steam turbine and gas turbine shall need to operate at partial load under the
similar conditions, their efficiencies should obviously lower.
The single-draft configuration units operates with each set as one unit, the
operation and maintenance between units does not affect each other. In the multiple-
shaft configuration unit composed of multiple gas turbines and one steam turbine, if
one gas turbine needs maintenance, whole set of units can only undertake partial load;
while if one steam turbine needs maintenance, and it can not operate in simple cycle
mode, whole suite of unit should stop operating.
The gas turbine is modular equipment, and its construction period is short. For the
regions where the electric power is urgently needed, it should be appropriate to select
the combined-cycle unit with multiple-shaft configuration. The gas turbine should at
first carry out the simple cycle operation.
In a word, the different configuration modes of combined-cycle generator unit
with same capacity shall have their advantages and disadvantages in floor area,
number of main machines and auxiliary machines, electrical system, unit kilowatt
cost, initiating speed and system simplification etc. Hence the configuration mode
shall be determined after the technical and economic comparison.
However, if it is required the power plant construction will carry out in stages due
to the capital launching factor or demands of electric power load in electric network,
and the unit will at first fulfil simple-cycle power generation, then combined-cycle
power generation; or originally existing simple-cycle gas turbine generator unit will
add and install heat recovery boiler and steam turbine, under this case, then the
multiple-shaft configuration mode shall be adopted.
8.1.4 Distinguishing from gas turbine structure, the gas turbine shall be divided
into heavy-duty and light-duty.
The features of heavy-duty gas turbine are: gas turbine exhaust temperature high,
afterheat energy availability ratio high, suitable for power generating in combined
cycle mode. The components and parts of heavy-duty gas turbine unit shall be very
massive and firm, and the designed life shall be more than 10104 hours. The heavy-
duty gas turbine shall have stronger adaptability to fuels, namely it should be
respectively adopted with the light oil, heavy oil, natural gas and coal gas with low
heat value etc. according to the designed conditions.
The gas turbine with light-duty structure mostly is an aviation-reformation type
gas turbine that the aviation motor changes into ground installation, and it is
characterized by light equipment weight, compact structure, easy installation, quick
startup and stop, higher unit efficiency than heavy-duty gas turbine with the same
power, shorter working life and liability than heavy-duty gas turbine. The gas turbine
with light-duty structure shall have selectivity to fuels, namely it is generally required
to use the natural gas or light oil. As the efficiency of light-duty gas turbine is higher,
its exhaust temperature lower, afterheat energy availability ratio relatively lower, and
its power not too larger, the light-duty gas turbines mostly are used for the simple
cycle.
Nowadays, both the heavy-duty gas turbine and light-duty gas turbine have been
widely used, and they are continuously improved and developed according to their
features, using for reference each other and learning from other's strong points to
offset one's weaknesses. For the light-duty gas turbine specially designed currently, its
design life shall also be considered on 10 x 10 4 hours, which is generally used in the
unit with middle power.
The current situations roughly are: the miniwatt gas turbine that the single
machine capacity of gas turbine is lower than 0.8MW belongs to light-duty structure;
the gas turbine with middle power of 0.8MW ~ 40MW belongs to both light-duty
structure and heavy-duty structure, in which the light-duty gas turbine mostly is the
aviation-reformation type unit; the gas turbine with the power of 40MW above selects
the gas turbine with heavy-duty structure.
8.2 System
8.2.1 Air intake system of gas turbine:
1 The performance of gas turbine and its operating reliability are closely
related with the quality of air entering to unit. To avoid the dust particle in air
scouring or blurring the impeller blades of air booster and damaging the air booster,
and guarantee the unit reliability and high-efficiency operation, the filter must be
installed at the air inlet of gas turbine in order to filtrate the air entering to the air
booster. It is introduced in the manufacturers data, when the size of dust particle
entering to air booster is lower than 5m, the abrasion can be ignored, and therefore
the limit value on size of dust particle in air shall be put forward. Furthermore, the air
intake system of gas turbine shall also have the function that prevents rainwater from
entering to avoid water drop entering to the air booster and impacting on the impeller
blade running at high speed.
The gas turbine installed at the extremely cold regions sometimes will cause the
intake pressure loss obviously increasing due to icicle, snow and frost blocking the air
intake passage, hence the antifreezing measures must be taken at the air intake.
The air intake of gas turbine generally is arranged in the open air, and the
atmospheric environment will have direct effect on the air intake parts. For the gas
turbine installed in normal environment, the air intake system shall take the general
anti-corrosion pressures, e.g. pipe wall coating anti-corrosion prime paint and gauze
coating zinc or adopting corrosion-proof steel etc. For the gas turbine installed in the
corrosive environment (e.g. the gas turbine power plant built at oceanside or in poor
atmospheric environment), attention shall be paid to prevent the salt mist and acidic
materials from corroding the air intake equipment.
3 That the noise caused by air booster and turbine at working spreads out via
the air intake of gas turbine, is one way and mode that vitiates the surrounding
environment. To provide one peaceful and comfortable environment for the people
who lives or works at the regions by air intake system, it is one of measures that
decrease the unit noise pollution to add the silencer in the air intake system of gas
turbine.
State has promulgated the standard regarding gas turbine noise GB14098 Gas
Turbine Noises, in which stipulates the noise measurement of gas turbine power
installation and data processing methods as well as measurement report contents.
4 In case the air intake system of gas turbine is not purged and cleaned in time,
this will make the intake pressure loss increasing, thus cause the input power of air
booster increasing. The output of gas turbine should consume more on the air booster,
and this shall result in the unit efficiency reducing. Secondly, the intake pressure
lowering should make the air specific gravity increasing and air flow rate decreasing,
this shall also result in the unit output decreasing.
Comparatively, compared with the developed countries at overseas, the air quality in
China is poorer. In the meanwhile, it is considered that the automation level of future
power plants will be more and more higher. Hence, it is recommended that the air
intake system of gas turbine shall be equipped with the back wash and purging
facilities. For the unit that undertakes base load and air booster needs frequently
rinsing, installation of back wash and purging facilities should make unit need not
stop for the purpose of cleaning in future long time. But the back wash and purging
facilities do not take greater effect on the dirt containing with oil smoke. At this time,
the filter shall only be frequently replaced.
The purging air of automatic flushing device should be drawn out from a certain
pressure stage of air booster, and designed into pulse air. This pressurized pulse air is
utilized to purge the smeary filter in certain order.
According to the opinions of the power plants, the dust purged by the automatic
flushing device of gas turbine usually causes a great pollution to the environment, and
that the interval of automatic cleaning is shortened. Therefore, it is suggested that the
setting of dust collecting system should be considered and installed in the power plant
where a high cleaning frequency is required if conditions permits in order to avoid the
secondary pollution.
For the gas turbine that is not equipped with automatic flushing system, the air
compressor with dry system should be provided so as to offer the purge to the air
intake system of gas turbine if necessary.
5 The output of gas turbine and its efficiency shall be closely related with the
environment temperature of the position where power plant is built, air moisture and
altitude. For the same one unit, if it is installed in tropic region of the South and the
dry and cold region of the North, its output and efficiency shall be long odds due to
natural conditions different.
As the gas turbine generally participates in the peaking operation, especially during
power utilization peak period in summer, the electric network often demands the gas
turbine providing more power to remit the pressure of power utilization peak, but the
gas turbine cannot satisfy the requirements due to environment temperature very high
and output decreasing too much at this time. Therefore, the cooling plant of gas
turbine air intake should be added after investment and operation economical
efficiency comparison, proving it reasonable.
8.2.2 Cooling water system of gas turbine:
1 Some gas turbine manufacturers recommend the cooling water of gas turbine
shall be the desalted water or demineralized water after anticorrosion treatment to
prevent the cooling water pipeline from fouling, and therefore raise the heat exchange
efficiency. The cost of desalted water is higher, the recovery and reutilization shall be
considered. Hence the closed-cycle cooling mode shall be provided for the cooling
system that takes the desalted water as cooling medium.
But according to the investigation, some certain gas turbine power plants with
small capacity also use the treated technical water for supply of cooling water if the
water quality is better. Therefore, in case of small capacity of units, the opened-type
cooling water system that uses the treated technical water as the cooling water should
be adopted in the regions where the water is good in quality and water resource is rich
.
2 The gas turbine manufacturers generally have a certain requirements on the
temperature of cooling water system, pressure and flow capacity. Take MS6001 series
gas turbines for example: the temperature of cooling water shall be no more than
32C, and the pressure of cooling water shall be 0.35MPa.
In addition to satisfying the cooling requirements of some components such as the
bracing board and oil cooler of turbine part of gas turbine, the cooling water system of
combined-cycle generator unit shall meet the parameter requirements of cooling water
on the boiler feed pump, water and steam sampler, steam turbine, generator part and
its auxiliary equipment etc.
3 The gas turbine cooling water system of combined cycle generator unit and
the steam turbine cooling water system shall generally be jointly designed according
to the provisions of article 10.2.6.
4 The setting of water tanks should refer to the relevant articles in the standard
DL5000.
One of water tank functions in closed-cycle cooling water is used to reserve water,
and to regulate the flow fluctuation in cooling water system or the volume change of
medium in case of heat expansion and cold shrinking of absorption water. Another
function of water tank is to ensure that all cooling facilities in the cooling water
system have the appropriate positive head and net positive suction head of cooling
water pump.
According to the water tank functions of closed-cycle cooling water, the arrangement
position of water tank shall be higher than the cooling equipment that locates at the
highest place in the cooling water system, and satisfy the requirements on net positive
suction head of cooling water pump. For the fuel gas-steam combined cycle power
plants, the gas turbine and steam turbine shall be arranged at the ground floor when
the gas turbine adopts the axial exhaust mode, thus the equipment that needs cooling
in power plant shall be arranged at the lower position. Hence the water tank of gas
turbine power plant shall only need satisfying the requirements on net positive suction
head of cooling water pump, and it shall generally be arranged at the height of
approximate 2m. In case the gas turbine adopts the downward exhaust, and the steam
turbine is arranged at high position, then the arrangement elevation of water tank shall
be determined according to the cooling equipment that locates at the highest place in
the cooling water system.
8.2.3 Cleaning system of gas turbine:
For the gas turbine, the fouling mainly occurs on the air booster and combustion
turbine. The encrustation of air booster shall stem from the air with poor quality, while
encrustation of combustion turbine shall result from the fuel sort and fuel treatment
inappropriate.
The cleaning of gas turbine shall be divided into the on-line and off-line modes. The
gas turbine should carry out the on-line cleaning on the air booster under the status
of unclosing down. When the gas turbine is installed in a poor environment, or the
unit is again required to undertake the base load, the on-line cleaning of air booster
should be carried out under the status of unclosing down to make unit keeping a
higher efficiency.
The off-line cleaning implemented by gas turbine under the status of closing down,
shall generally be wet cleaning, which is mainly used to eliminate the encrustations
that have certain corrosivity, but can be dissolved. The off-line wet cleaning of gas
turbine can basically eliminate all encrustations to make the output of gas turbine
roughly restoring to the original state. When the fuel of gas turbine unit is liquid fuel
(e.g. heavy oil etc.), the adhesive substance is easy of collecting at its parts to make
the efficiency of gas turbine unit lowering greater; it shall often close down for
cleaning. Hence, it is required in this code the off-line cleaning device of gas turbine
shall be provided.
8.2.4 Water injecting or steam injecting systems of gas turbine:
When the combustion chamber of gas turbine is burning heavy oil or light oil, the
content of nitric oxides is higher in its combustion products, thus this will cause
polluting the environment. It must take the corresponding measures to make the
discharging amount of nitric oxides limiting within the scope of satisfying
environmental protection requirements.
At present, the methods that control the emission amount of nitrogen oxides
discharged from gas turbine mainly fall into dry method and wet method. The
dry method, is the combustion chamber of gas turbine itself has the function of
lowering nitric oxides discharge. The wet method means that the appropriate
amount of desalted water or steam is injected into the combustion chamber to lower
the temperature of combustion zone and therefore eliminate the possibility of
generation of nitrogen oxides. The dry method is guaranteed by gas turbine
manufacturers in terms of the gas turbine structure. When the structure of gas turbine
itself fails to meet the requirements of local authorities for the emission of NO x , the
desalted water or steam should be injected into the combustion chamber to satisfy the
environmental requirements. In the meanwhile, injecting steam into gas turbine can
increase the output of the unit and improve efficiency.
In addition to appropriate measures taken to decrease nitrogen oxides on gas turbine,
the denitrated device should be installed in the heat recovery boiler to achieve the
purpose of decreasing the emission of nitrogen oxides, and this method is widely
adopted in Japanese gas turbine power plants.
8.2.5 Blowdown system of gas turbine:
The oily sewage discharged by oil-fired gas turbine after cleaning, shall be
discharged into the nearby dirty oil sump, and drained off when found up to standard
after the treatment.
At the time of startup, the oil discharged by oil-fired unit in case of startup failure
shall be discharged into the dirty oil sump specially designed, and then carried to the
fuel oil treatment device.
9 Heat Recovery Boilers & System

9.1.1 In the non-afterburning combined cycle, all the fuel is burned in the gas turbine,
then the exhausted heat of the gas turbine, after entering the heat recovery boiler,
produces the steam to drive the steam turbine. The non-afterburning heat recovery
boiler has no external heat resource, and works actually as a heat exchanger. Such
kind of boilers provides the following advantages:
1. High efficiency;
2. Simple gas-steam heat transfer process;
3. Low investment cost;
4. Quick and convenient installations;
5. Easy operation and maintenance;
6. Quick start;
7. High availability;
In order to meet the requirement of quick and frequent startup, the non-afterburning
heat recovery boiler of high liabilities and availabilities is usually chosen for the gas-
steam combined cycle set which burden peaking task in the power network.
Due to high viscosity and soot content in the heavy oil, the heat recovery boiler must
be with soot-blowing and soot measures, etc. in order to ensure clean heating surface
and that heat transfer effectiveness is not affected.
9.1.2 Type, number and capacity selection of the heat recovery boilers are described
as follows:
1. There are forced cycle and natural cycle heat recovery boilers. In recent years,
forced cycle heat recovery boiler is very popular in Western Europe, while natural
cycle heat recovery boiler is very popular in North America.
Features of the forced cycle heat recovery boiler are as follows:

a) Vertical design, minimum space is required;
b) Quick and simple start;
c) Suitable for adopting small temperature difference of joint
d) Little sensitivity to the evaporation in the economizer
The highlighted advantage of the natural cycle boiler is as follows:

a) No water circulating pump required, reliable operation and less auxiliary power
consumption.
Currently, many overseas heat recovery boiler manufactories have successfully
developed vertical natural cycle heat recovery boilers, which have been applied in the
projects.
The above two types of heat recovery boilers have their own advantages, and the
selection of the two boilers can be determined by the project designers according to
actual project conditions and technical and economic comparison results.
2. At present, all the gas-steam combined cycle power plants (including related
overseas materials, etc) adopt the combination of one gas turbine plus one heat
recovery boiler; and no standby boiler is needed. In the design of heat transfer, the
number of heating surfaces of the heat recovery boiler receiving a given amount of
gas exhausted from gas turbine is constant, so the investment cost of one gas turbine
equipped with one heat recovery boiler and that of many gas turbines equipped with
one heat recovery boiler produce not too much difference. Moreover, it is more
convenient, flexible and simple to operate and manage one gas turbine equipped with
one heat recovery boiler than many gas turbines equipped with only one heat recovery
boiler. It is easy to design. If the standby heat recovery boiler is adopted, the
investment will be unacceptably large, and the system connections will get
complicated, so the standby boiler is not set..
3. The task of the heat recovery boiler is to effectively absorb heat recovery from the
gas turbine and then produce specified quantity of steam. The steam quantity shall be
ascertained after optimization. Therefore, capacity of the heat recovery boiler shall be
ascertained according to exhaust characteristics of the gas turbine and steam
parameter. The no-after-burning heat recovery boiler has only one heat resource:
available heat in the gas turbine. In point of optimization, the heat recovery boiler
shall be designed according to exhaust characteristics of the gas turbine operated
under postulated annual mean meteorological parameter. As for the peaking plant, it
shall also have quick start function, i.e. the set shall be started in a short time. If the
heat recovery boiler does not have the function, the peaking function of the power
plant will be affected. Furthermore, side pressure loss of the boiler shall be lessened in
case of reduced power & efficiency of the gas turbine. In addition, the tube bundle on
the boiler heating surface shall be with temperature and corrosion control measures.
The designed conditions of the heat recovery boiler may utilize ISO designed
conditions, if applicable. As for the region where there is a big difference between
postulated and ISO annual mean temperature meteorological conditions & actual
operating conditions, designed conditions of the heat recovery boiler shall be
ascertained according to actual (designated) nominal output conditions of the gas
turbine.
The designed conditions of the heat recovery boiler may utilize ISO designed
conditions, if applicable. As for the region where there is a big difference between
postulated and ISO annual mean temperature meteorological conditions & field
conditions, designed conditions of the heat recovery boiler shall be ascertained
according to field (designed) nominal output conditions of the gas turbine.
9.1.3 The principles of determining rated thermal parameter of the heat recovery
boiler is stated as follows:
1. Steam parameter and pressure rating of the heat recovery boiler shall be
considered jointly according to the fuel, exhaust characteristics of gas turbine and
steam turbine, and shall be ascertained after thermodynamic system optimization
calculations
Now, most domestic heat recovery boilers are utilizing single pressure cylinder non-
reheating system such as the boilers in Guangdong Shunde, Fushan, Zhejiang
Wenzhou Longwan and zhenhai power plant. Multi-pressure cylinders non-reheating
system and multi-pressure cylinders reheating system are used in overseas power
plant. China Gaoda thermo-electric plant utilizes double pressure cylinder non-
reheating system.
As for inexpensive fuel with high content of soot & sulfur, single pressure cylinder
non-reheating system may be used. This is because the exhaust temperature of the gas
turbine under base load is usually under 538, while stack gas temperature is usually
between 160~165, even higher. In this way, the efficiency of the whole
combined cycle power plant may be not high, but the equipment investment is low.
If the fuel is expensive and the gas turbine needs to carry higher load, multi-pressure
cylinders non-reheating system may be utilized. The system has high efficiency and
the investment cost is high, too; the stack gas temperature is usually 110~l40.
As for the gas turbine power plant which use expensive and fuel such as natural gas,
etc and have a high requirement for environmental protection, triple pressure
cylinders non-reheating system may be utilized. The exhaust temperature of this type
of gas turbine is usually 539 or above, and the stack gas temperature may be lower:
90~l10.which is enough for the boilers reheating cycle design.
Nevertheless, option of steam cycle types shall be in accordance with technical and
economic conditions of the whole combined cycle power plant, such as operation
times, operation ways and pay off period of the power plant.
2. The design working conditions of the heat recovery boilers shall match the
exhaust parameters of the gas turbine under preset operating conditions, and shall be
within the range of optimum efficiency. Since the power of the gas turbine is
connected with meteorological parameter, steam parameter and efficiency under
different postulated meteorological parameters shall be tested for the boiler to
optimize whole combined cycle.
3. The steam generated from the boiler will be utilized by the gas turbine in the
combined cycle, so steam outlet parameter of the boiler shall be in accordance with
inlet parameter of the gas turbine. For details, please refer to section 10.1.5.
9.1.4 It is advised here to ascertain the stack gas temperature. According to

investigations, the designed stack gas temperatures of domestic power plants are as
follows: 172 of Guangdong Shunde, Fushan Power Plant, 178 of Zhejiang
Zhenhai Power Plant, 153 of Wuhan Dunkou Power Plant, and 183Shengzhen
Nanshan Power Plant. Those stack gas temperatures are ascertained mainly subject to
acid dew point. Shunde, Fushan, Zhenhai, Nanshan Power Plants, etc. utilize heavy
oil of 1% or more than 1% sulphur content, so their designed stack gas temperatures
are high; whereas Wuhan Dunkou Power Plant use light oil, so their designed stack
gas temperature is low.
The acid dew point is affected by sulphur content of the fuel, conversion percentage
from SO2 to SO3, excess air ratio, etc. It can be presumed that 5% S can converse into
SO2, and 8% SO2 can converse into SO3, and the relationships between acid dew point
temperature (t), SO3, capacity (v) and moisture in the air exhaust (a) are as the
following shows:
Table3 Relationships between t, V and a

Capacity (v) Moisture in the air exhaust (a)
%
%
15 10 5
Acid dew point temperature (t)
0.008 159 152 142
0.004 153 146 136
No sulphur 59.7 52.5 40.4
From the above table, we can see when S=2% & a=15%, the acid dew point
temperature is 159. Designed stack gas temperature of Guangdong Shunde,
Fushan, Zhejiang zhenhai and Shengzhen Nanshan Power Plant, etc. is over l0
higher than 159. When S=1% and a=15%, the acid dew point temperature is
153. Wuhan Dunkou Power Plant which utilizes light oil, and their designed stack
gas temperature is 153. Designed stack gas temperature shall be l0 higher than
the acid dew point temperature to adapt to possible actual stack gas temperature
deviation. When utilize sulfur free fuel, stack gas temperature shall be l0 higher
than the dew point temperature judged by no condensation water at the end pipe
bundles. Therefore, stack gas temperature of the boiler shall be 100 for gas turbine
power plant; if the fuel is sulfur free, the temperature can be a little lower.
In addition to that, when joint temperature difference is small, the stack gas
temperature of the boiler can be reduced. The stack gas temperature of the boiler
under double or triple pressure cylinder vapor cycle can be lower than that under
single pressure cylinder vapor cycle.
Recommended stack gas temperature shall be ascertained subject to flue
characteristics of the turbine:
Flue of 2% sulfur, the temperature: 160~180;
Flue of 1% sulfur, the temperature: 150-170;
Gas, the temperature: l00, which can be a little low if the gas is free from sulfur.
The boilers temperature shall be ascertained subject to technical and economical
conditions.
9.1.5 Now, soot blower system is installed on the boiler in domestic combined cycle
gas turbine power plant.
Foreign material like soot in the fuel is easy to be stuck on the heating surface of the
boiler, which will affect output of the boiler. Therefore, good soot blower system shall
be installed for the boiler in the fuel gas turbine power plant.
Oil stain on the heating surface of the boiler can not be cleared only by the soot
blower system, and washing system shall also be equipped for cleaning soot. The
waster water shall be collected, treated and discharged together with drainage water
produced by the cleaning system.
9.2 Fume system

9.2.1 Setting principles for flue & stack
1. Now, all domestic combined cycle power plant set up bypass stack and boiler exit
stack. With expanding turbine capacities, option of setting up bypass stack and boiler
exit stack can be ascertained according to operation mode of specific project and
technical & economic argumentations. As for vertical heat recovery boiler, the heating
surface is horizontal, and the flue gas is upward, so the stack is set on top of the
boiler; use steel stack, each boiler is equipped with one stack. As for horizontal heat
recovery boiler, the heating surface is vertical, and the flue gas is horizontal, so the
stack is set at the end of the boiler; each boiler is equipped with one stack; or several
boilers utilize one (tube bundle) stack.
According to foreign data, uniaxial and large capacity combined cycle set has no
bypass stack, and only the boiler stack is installed. In this way, when repairing the
boiler, the gas turbine shall be stopped; when the steam turbine is repaired or fault
occurs, the gas exhaust of the gas turbine is directly conducted through the boiler; at
this time, the boiler may be heated without water, or continue water cycle; generated
vapor will be discharged into vapor cooler through gas turbine bypass.
Outlet diameter of the stack (including bypass stack and boiler stack) shall depend
upon the exhaust capability of the turbine and outlet velocity; the height of the stack is
subject to local environmental protection requirements. Due to different requirements
for the gas exhaust in different places, the height of stack required varies.
2. If the heat recovery boiler needs to be repaired while the gas turbine operates, the
flue gas discharged to the heat recovery boiler shall be cut off and shall be led to the
atmosphere. Therefore, it is necessary to set the flue gas bypass stack and stack
damper for the purpose of controlling the route of flue gas.
Bypass stack damper is very essential for the combined cycle power plant. If its
quality is not good, the flue gas will be easily leaked out, output of the boiler will be
reduced, and even start of the combined cycle set will be directly affected. Original
bypass stack damper of Shengzhen Nanshan Power Plant is not flexible, so it is
usually open when starting the combined cycle generator unit, which will affect load
raising speed of the gas turbine. Bypass stack damper in Wuhan Dunkou Power Plant
is in good operation, which has been successively switched on and off for 200 times.
In this way, when the bypass stack damper is switched off and exhausting toward the
boiler, the gas turbine can raise speed normally.
The muffler shall be installed beside the bypass stack to reduce the flue gas resistance
during normal operation.
9.2.2. If the flue gas resistance is increased, the output and efficiency of the gas
turbine will be reduced. If the pressure loss is increased by 1000Pa, the output and
efficiency of the gas turbine will be reduced by 0.8%. Thats the reason why the
boilers resistance shall be minimized.
9.2.3. The importance of the bypass stack damper is as what 9.2.1has stated. Since the
exhaust capability of the gas turbine is large under high load, driving apparatus for the
stack damper usually utilizes hydraulic type.
Now, to our knowledge, as for domestic and overseas combined cycle gas turbine
power plant, the soot blower and bypass stack damper are both equipped with 2 seal
fans, one for operation, and the other for backup.

Total outlet capacity of feed pump shall not only include the maximum feed of all heat
recovery boilers, but meet the requirements for the desuperheating water while the
high pressure bypass is all put into operation, a certain allowance shall be reserved.
Generally speaking, it is proper that one boiler is equipped with one deaerator, or two
boilers work with one deaerator. However, it is not suitable that several boilers share
one deaerator. For the time being, most domestic combined cycle gas turbine power
plants adopts the combination of two boilers plus one deaerator. If the steam turbine is
equipped with the low pressure steam extractor, the steam may serve the purpose of
heating the deaerator during the normal operation.
As for large capacity set, effective water storage capacity of the feed tank shall choose
lower limit value of feed consumption under maximum evaporation capacity
continuous for 5min~l0min; as for small capacity set, choose upper limit value.
If the condenser is designed with vacuum and oxygen removal function, and the
oxygen content in the condensation water is up to vapor quality standard, no deaerator
shall be installed.
In fact, the oxygen content in the condensation water is usually not up to standard
requirement due to leakage of the condenser, bad seal valve, etc.
10 Steam Turbine Equipment & System

10.1.2 The design criteria for conventional thermal power plant is that maximum continuous
evaporation capacity of the boiler shall meet maximum steam suction capacity of the
steam turbine, i.e. the steam turbine controlling the boiler, while the design criteria
for the non-afterburning gas turbine power plant is the boiler controlling the steam
turbine. The steam generated by the boiler is controlled by the gas turbine, so the
evaporation capacity of the boiler is determined when the model of gas turbines,
exhaust gas temperature of the heat recovery boiler and joint temperature difference
are set. As for the configuration mode that several gas turbines work with one steam
turbine, the maximum steam suction capacity of the steam turbine, at most, equals to
the sum of maximum evaporation capacity of several heat recovery boilers
Considering that the parameters of domestically manufactured steam turbine seldom
match the output of heat recovery boilers, especially during the reconstruction of the
old power plant, if old steam turbine is used, the evaporation capacity of the heat
recovery boiler may not match the steam suction capacity of steam turbine, or the heat
utilization rate and output of heat recovery boiler will reduce, or the output of steam
turbine remains low for a long time. This will bring a loss to the power plant. .
10.1.3 Output of the steam turbine, which is usually only 1/2~1/3 of the gas turbine
power, is controlled by gas turbine exhaust and the boiler parameters. Therefore,
under current technical level, the power plant shall try to choose as high power steam
turbine as possible in order to get high steam turbine efficiency. Thus it is
recommended here to use one or several gas turbines driving one steam turbine which
forms one unit. The n+l mode can not only get high efficiency, but simplified the
system.
10.1.4 The designed conditions of the steam turbine shall be in accordance with
postulated average mean meteorological parameters (as for the definitions, please
refer to 8.1.1), designed cooling water temperature and rated steam parameter of the
boiler.
The outlet steam pressure and temperature of boiler is reduced by allowable pressure
drop & temperature drop, and then we get inlet steam pressure and temperature of the
steam turbine. Under working condition of the rated inlet steam parameter, the design
rated output and heat consumption rate will be ensured.
Under any possible operational conditions of the gas turbine, the steam turbine shall
be able to receive all the steam of the heat recovery boiler. Usually, when the air
temperature is low, the gas turbines output will increase, yet the stack gas
temperature will decrease; output of the boiler will decrease; and the steam turbines
output will also decrease, and accordingly the output of the combined cycle generator
unit can not increase as much as the gas turbine; when the air temperature rises, the
output of the gas turbine will decrease while the stack gas temperature will increase,
so the output of the steam turbine shall be computed under the corresponding
conditions.
10.1.5 It is stipulated in Section 10.1.2 that the design criteria for the heat recovery
boiler and steam turbine in the gas turbine power plant is the steam controlling the
boiler, so the inlet steam parameter of the steam turbine (whether main steam or
reheating steam) equals to the difference of outlet steam parameter reduced by the
pipeline loss.
Since there are no gas-steam combined cycle power plants with reheating steam cycle
in the country, here the pressure drop values of reheating cold section steam pipelines,
reheaters, reheating hot section steam pipelines and the percentage of exhaust pressure
of high pressure cylinder of steam turbine are not mentioned..
For the steam temperature requirement, please refer to DL5000. Because some steam
turbine is close to the heat recovery boiler, according to measurement and calculation,
the steam temperature drop caused by the pressure drop is not large under isoenthalpy
condition. Accordingly, the maximum outlet temperature of the superheater shall be
1.0~2.0 higher than maximum inlet temperature of the steam turbine, whereas
the maximum outlet temperature of the reheater shall be 0.5-l.0 higher than
maximum inlet temperature of the low pressure cylinder or intermediate pressure
cylinder of the steam turbine.
The said inlet temperature drop is only the one caused by steam pressure drop under
isoenthalpy condition. The temperature drop caused by low or intermediate pressure
drop is not noticeable, while the temperature drop caused by high or sub- high
pressure drop is noticeable.
10.1.6 Combined cycle generator unit in the power plant is characterized by quick
startup and shutdown, convenient maintenance, etc, which is often operated as peak
regulating units, which determines that the auxiliary steam turbine shall be of special
characteristics. For example, in order to meet quick start & shutdown and peaking
requirements, the steam turbine shall take some different measures from conventional
steam turbines during manufacturing design: shorten rotor diameter at high
temperature section, and reduce thermal stress during start or stop; try to make the
cylinder in symmetry; expand the movement gap under the premise that the
efficiency is minimum affected; in order to adapt to output change of the boiler
caused by the load changes on the gas turbine, all parts of the gas turbine shall be in
complete cycle, and adjusting valve shall be opened completely and operated under
sliding pressure.
In addition, multilevel bleeding is not required for the steam turbine, and most of the
steam participates in the circulation, and is discharged to the condenser. Therefore,
low pressure through flow part of the steam turbine is larger than that of conventional
fossil fuel steam power unit; some also requires multilevel steam addition. If equipped
with three-stage reheat boiler, the low pressure part shall accommodate the
requirements for steam-adding; in order to reduce through-flow resistance of the
steam, and strengthen symmetry of the units, and facilitate the quick starting, the
steam turbine adopts the mode of axial exhaust, which makes it possible not to build
high operating platform for the units, and thus reduce the elevation of the factory
building and lower the costs of the projects.
The design of the steam turbine matching with combined cycle generator unit is
different form conventional steam turbine, and such special requirements shall be
fully taken into considerations.
10.1.7 The extraction opening is usually not set in the steam turbine of the gas turbine
power plant. However, individual power plant can keep individual extraction opening
for the need of supporting the auxiliary steam system, so a small amount of steam can
be extracted for use by the auxiliary steam system of the power plant.
10.1.8 Although combined cycle generator unit usually adopt no feed water heaters
and no related extraction steam pipes, feed water protections are still necessary.
Because main steam and reheat steam temperatures are controlled through feeding
cooling spray at up/down steam of the superheater and reheater. The desuperheater-
related section of ANSI/ASME-TDP-l Recommended Protective Measures for
Feedwater Damage in Steam Turbine for Generating Use has stated that most
feedwater damage accidents in steam turbine for generating use are caused by cooling
spray during part load and blank run of the steam turbine. Since the power plant
acting as peaking set is always in such operational conditions, anti-feedwater
measures shall be paid special attentions. In addition, the drainage for steam pipes
under hot reserve state shall be fully considered.

10.2.1 Main steam system:
Each system here means a whole unit composed of several steam turbines,
corresponding heat recovery boiler and one steam turbine driven by steam of the
boiler. In this unit, the main steam pipe is of the mother pipe mode. For example, gas
turbine and steam turbine adopts the mode of 2 plus 1, the main steam pipes from
the two boilers respectively are combined into one pipeline before entering the main
steam valve of steam turbine.
There is only one steam turbine for each set of combined cycle system. In order to
ensure that steam generated from several boilers can be evenly mixed before entering
the steam turbine, and to ensure that steam turbine operation can coordinate with the
cooperation of any gas turbine in this set of equipment, main steam pipe of multi-axial
combined cycle generator unit shall adopt the mother pipe mode. Zhejiang Zhenhai
Gas-Steam Combined Cycle Power Plant adopts mother pipe mode
When the power plant is composed of several generator units, and each set is
connected with mother pipe, improper operational conditions may occur. This
determines that all generator units shall be of uniaxial mode (take 2 combined cycle
generator units for example):
1. When one gas turbine is stopped, the other gas turbine will operate with 2 steam
turbines. In addition, each of 2 steam turbines shall operate under half-load, which is
obviously uneconomical.
2. When the gas turbine in the first combined cycle is stopped and the steam turbine in
the second combined cycle need to be repaired, the gas turbine in the second
combined cycle will be used to operate with the steam turbine in the first combined
cycle, which will complicate the system and it can seldom be realized;
3. When both steam turbines are stopped and operate both gas turbines, the gas
turbines have to operated under load down or open steam bypath system, which is
uneconomical.
As for combined cycle generator unit, the gas turbine and steam turbine are in the
same shaft, so the steam turbine operates following the specific gas turbine.
Therefore, main steam pipe shall adopt individual unit, different main steam systems
may be disconnected and operated separately.
10.2.2 Reheat steam system:

The connection ways of reheat steam system is same or similar as that of main steam.
When the generator units operate with 2 plus 1 or 2 plus more than 1, the reheat steam
systems shall be combined and then enter the steam turbine; the reheat steam pipes
out of the steam turbine will enter related heat recovery boilers. Each set of reheat
steam system shall be single unit system, because generating capacity, reheat steams
parameter, control system, etc. are manufactured according to single mode design.
Otherwise, the system will be complicated and difficult to operate.
At present, domestic power plants have not adopted the 2 plus 1 design for the reheat
set, and there are no effective achievements.
10.2.3 Steam bypass system:
1. When the steam turbine throws away the load, the gas turbine and the boiler may be
working normally. In order to timely discharge steam of the heat recovery boiler
continuously generated and ensure safety of the boiler, the following approaches may
be used to make up the unbalance between steam turbine inlet steam and the boiler
outlet steam:
a) use the safe discharging steam valve of the boiler;
b) initiate bypass stack valve of the heat recovery boiler;
c) use bypass steam valve.
The first approach will cause lots of steam loss, increase possibilities of damaging
safe discharging valve and polluting the environment by the noise as a result of gas
exhaust. The second approach uses the bypass stack valve to adjust steam output of
the boiler, but it has the following problems:
1) As for the control method for the boilers output, the bulky stack damper
is not flexible, and the adjustment performance is bad.
2) Frequently open and close such a bulky stack damper at high
temperature, which may cause the valve to be not tightly, and stack to be
leaked. Thus, operational economical efficiency will be reduced.
Therefore, it is advised here to use steam bypass to ensure safety of the boiler and
steam turbine under varying conditions. Meanwhile, when starting the steam turbine,
the steam bypass has the function of matching the outlet steam temperature of the
boiler with metal temperature of the steam turbine, and balancing the steam capacity.
The steam bypass does not work for the load adjustment of the generator units. When
the combined cycle generator unit operates under sliding pressure parameter, usually
adjust the load of the gas turbine to meet load down requirement of the generator unit.
2. The objective of setting steam bypass system of corresponding pressure ratings is to

discharge excessive steam capacity by different steam bypass systems when the outlet
steam of the boiler and inlet steam of the steam turbine are not balanced; another
objective is to match different steam temperatures of the boiler with different cylinder
metal temperatures of the steam turbine.
3. The reasons of setting the steam bypass system with single unit system are as
follows:
As for combined cycle mode with several gas turbines equipped with one steam
turbine, when starting each gas turbine, steam parameter generated by the each boiler
may be different; if adopt the steam bypass system of mother pipe mode, it will
absolutely cause inconsistent steam parameters in the mother pipes; however, as for
combined cycle generator unit equipped with uniaxial, because each combined cycle
generator unit is individual unit, the steam bypass system of mother pipe mode is
unnecessary.
The steam bypass capacity is 100%, and it is decided by characteristics of the

combined cycle generator unit. When the set is operating, the following situation will
occur: the steam turbine is tripped, while the gas turbine is operating under maximum
output conditions; continuous evaporation capacity of the boiler is not changed; the
steam must be discharged completely through steam bypass if the generator unit has
not equipped with bypass stack.; the bypass capacity shall be 100%. As for the
generator unit equipped with bypass stack, although part of flue gas and heat recovery
may be discharged through the bypass stack when the steam turbine is tripped, the
generator unit can possibly operate under this condition: the gas turbine operate under
full load, while the steam turbine is still at the start stage. At this time, use the steam
bypass to match the output between the boiler and the steam turbine.
10.2.4 Condensation water system
Because the steam bypass of the combined cycle power plant is usually set according
maximum 100% of continuous evaporation for all pressure level boilers. In addition,
condense pump shall take full consideration of condensing capacity requirement of
the steam bypass system to ensure safe operation.
10.2.5 Steam condenser equipment:

All pressure levels steam of the set may pass 10% of the steam bypass, and then enter
the condenser, so the steam flow capacity of the condenser is very big. Therefore,
condenser design shall take full consideration of the above factors. The gas turbine
power plant may be established at the water-deficient area. As for the generator unit
established at the water-deficient area, use air cooling condenser after technical and
economical comparisons.
The condenser shall be with vacuum and oxygen removal function if the feedwater
enters the condenser.
10.2.6 Industrial cooling water system:
In order to simplify the system, the cycle form of industrial cooling water system for
the steam turbine shall be in accordance with that for the gas turbine. If the power
plant is located at water-deficient, high water price or bad water quality area, the
industrial cooling water system for gas turbine and steam turbine shall use closed
cycle form.
As for the combined cycle generator units equipped with the same shaft, the gas
turbine and steam turbine are usually installed at the same time, and they are very near
together with the auxiliary equipment, so it will help to simplify the system by
adopting industrial cooling water system with one mother pipe; several sets of
combined cycle generator units equipped with the same shaft shall use cooling water
system with common mother pipe, which can improve utilization factor and reduce
investment; however, the number of generator units feed by circle mother pipe shall
be no more than 4. It has been proved that more than 4 generator units feed by circle
mother pipe will cause one part lack of water.
As for the multi-axis combined cycle generator units may adopt single unit system for
each unit of generator unit, or adopt mother pipe industrial cooling water system. The
choice shall be subject to reasonable, economical and safe rules.

11.1.l This article is the amended one of 11.2.1 of DL5000-2000.
This article has added quality requirement on gas turbine feedwater, and
strengthened feedwater for the boiler and standard conditions for the water aiming at
characters of the combined cycle gas turbine power plant.
As for regions where has a low requirement on environmental protections or
discharge conditions, small capacity of simple cycle gas turbine can be constructed,
and a small amount of desalination for fuel treatment can be outsourced. Therefore, it
is unnecessary to install feedwater desalination treatment system.
11.1.2 The followings shall be considered when calculating output of the feedwater
desalination equipment:
1. In order to meet local environmental protection requirements, the gas turbine

fuelled by heavy oil need a certain amount of desalination water, which includes:
a) Presently, in order to reduce NO in the gas turbine exhaust, spray desalination

water recycle the steam into operating combustion chamber of the gas turbine (take
2 100MW gas turbines for example: total fuel is about 50t/h~ 60t/h; in order to
reduce NOx content of the exhaust, spray desalination water into the combustion
chamber of the gas turbine at 50t/h);
b) As for gas turbine gas turbine fuelled by heavy oil or base oil, the potassium and
sodion content shall be controlled under 1mg/kg by way of fuel treatment, since
there are many microelements (such as potassium, sodion, calcium, vanadium,
plumbum, nickel, sulfur, etc) which can seriously affect safe operation of the
turbine, especially potassium and natrium can corrode metal components of the
thermal channel, and can seriously reduce its service life. The treatment procedures
need a certain amount of rinsing water (according to operation practice of one gas
turbine fuelled by heavy oil: desalination water for 2 100MW gas turbines is about
10t/h; additional introductions by one operator of a certain power plant: desalination
water shall account for about 5% of oil to be treated);
c) Small amount of rinsing water with low salt content for on-line or off-line gas
turbine (according to introductions by a certain gas turbine fuelled by heavy oil, 2
100MW gas turbines use the same washing frame which includes a washing tank of
20m3. when the gas turbine is fuelled by NO 180 heavy oil for l00h-200h, or output
of the gas turbine is reduced by 10%, the washing shall be carried out every half a
month, and consume desalination water of 3.8 m3 every time).
2. In order to meet normal operation requirement for the combined cycle generator
unit, or steam loss when the boiler transfers the steam, so a certain amount of
desalination water shall be added (the adding amount is usually according for 3% of
gross evaporation of the boiler).
3. Designed operation hours in a year for the gas turbine is usually 3000h~4000h (due
to different reasons, actual operation hours for many installed generator units are only
several hundreds);
Therefore, this article specially stresses that output of the feedwater desalination
treatment equipment shall be comprehensively considered subject to the above items,
and confirm the output after calculations
11.1.3 According to investigations on some power design institutes and gas turbine
power plants, most power plants do not spray desalination water or recycle steam into
the combustion chamber, so there is few disputes on the size of the desalination water
tank; according to another investigation, one project (3100MW gas turbine+3 heat
recovery boilers+1 steam boiler) involving foreign party installs a desalination water
tank of 5000 m3 weighing 1320000 gallons required by the foreign party; one
domestic 145MW gas turbine power plant owned by the foreign party, desalination
water tank of 1000 m3 is designed required by the foreign party. Due to domestic and
overseas design standards (rules) are different, and the cubage of the desalination
water tank is quite different, so this article only regulates in principle.

There are many microelements (such as vanadium) in the heavy oil and base oil which
can seriously affect safe operation of the gas turbine. Low melting melt produced by
the vanadium during combustion will erode metal components in the thermal channel,
and the high melting melt may encrust on the face of the thermal channel. Because
vanadium is oil soluble metallic element, magnesium-based vanadium corrosion
inhibitor is usually added in the oil to depress vanadium corrosion and encrustation on
the gas turbine.
Magnesium-based vanadium corrosion inhibitor is divided into water soluble and oil
soluble ones according to physical properties. Water soluble vanadium corrosion
inhibitor will seed out, which will damage the machinery. Oil soluble vanadium
corrosion inhibitor has better lipophilic functions, so it has been used by many gas
turbine power plant fuelled by heavy oil, yet the price is fairly high. Disregard any
type of magnesium-based vanadium corrosion inhibitor, the foreign materials carried
in the vanadium corrosion inhibitor shall be no more than the limit of microelement
containing in the fuel specified by the gas turbine manufactory. For example,
natrium+potassium contents shall be no more than 1mg/kg, and calcium content shall
be no more than 10mg/kg.
In order to ensure sufficient reaction between magnesium and vanadium, vanadium

corrosion inhibitor shall be added according to magnesium/vanadium weight ratio of
3.0/3.5
11.3 Feedwater, boiler water correction treatment and

steam sampling in the thermodynamic system
11.3.1 This article is the amended one of 11.5.1 of DL5O00-2000.
This article has deleted condensation water from original article, and strengthened
to consider its automation to a moderate amount aiming at heat recovery boiler-
steam turbine generator unit.
11.3.2 Now, operation hours of domestic generator units are not too many in a whole.
Theoretically speaking, the boiler-steam turbine generator units shall take protection
measured when they are out of service for a long time. However, because operation of
the gas turbine generator units are uniformly controlled by the regional power
network, although the operation hours are not too many, daily operation start frequency is
high, which make blowout protections to be difficulty. This article suggest that the design shall
keep margin (especially on choosing capacity of medicine-adding pump) to meet requirements of
hydrochemistry conditions at different sites.
11.3.3 This article is moderately amended referring to 11.5.3 of DL5O00-2000 and characters of
the power plant.
11.4 Recirculating cooling water treatment

Refer to 11.6.1 of DL 5000-2000
11.5 Corrosion prevention

Refer to 11.8.1 of DL 5000-2000.
12 Thermal Process Automation

Refer to 12.1.1 of DL5O00-2000.
Refer to 12.1.2 of DL5O00-2000.
12.2 Thermal automation level
12.2.1 Combined cycle gas turbine power plant has characters of bearing peaking & loading,
under base load, medium load, quick start, etc. In addition to that, generator unit controllability is
fairly high, so it shall be with computer decentralized control system (DCS), regard the operator
station as monitor center to realize automatic control of the generator unit, and high level
automation.
12.2.2 One generator unit use one DCS in the power plant. When response speed of DCS allows,
the steam turbine can be brought into DCS. As for other controlling functions, refer to 12.2.2 of
DL5O00-2000.
12.2.3 Auxiliary systems for gas turbine power plant usually include fuel system (fuel oil system,
heavy oil treatment system, and natural peaking station system control), recirculated cooling
water, chemical feedwater system, etc. These systems are equipped and supplied in full set for
corresponding apparatus. Now, console cabinet is usually installed and controlled in situ. In order
to improve automation level of the combined cycle power plant, these controls shall have special
purpose communication interface with the DCS in the central control room, which will be
convenient for realizing no man on duty in accessory plants.
12.3.1 According to the character of combined cycle generator unit establishing by

stages: the first stage is simple cycle; the gas turbine provider will provide a set of
control devices for monitor start and stop of the generator unit, incorporate in power
network and under load, operate normally and treat accidents. The second stage is
expanded combined cycle generator unit: the central control room is equipped with a
set of DCS; two-way communication with control devices equipped on the gas
turbine; central monitor, control, performance calculations, operation guidance and
accident treatment for the combined cycle generator unit.
12.3.2 As for domestic gas turbine power plant, during simple cycle operation, when
the control devices of the gas turbine are equipped with the gas turbine, the
monitoring is usually carried out in the control cabinet in situ (few of gas turbine
power plants monitor the gas turbine in the central control room); after the simple
cycle is expanded into combined cycle generator unit, both control and monitor shall
be operated and monitored in the central control room. According to overseas
investigation, control device and DCS are installed inside t he central control room for the gas
turbine power plant. This installation will not only save labors, but help the operators to operate
and monitor.
12.3.3 After the auxiliary system programmable controller (PLC) is incorporated into
the net, it shall be monitored by the DCS, since control system equipped in the
auxiliary factory building is comparatively separate. Now, PLC has mature hardware
and software. According to operation practice, operation of most gas turbine power
plants are normal. Another factor is that control systems for auxiliary factory building
and power house are a little different, especially the cycle water system and chemical
feedwater system can fix the time, monitor the transfer, etc. In addition to that, hot
controlling personnel quota is limited in gas turbine power plant. Therefore, no man
on duty will be inevitable. However, as for some combined cycle gas turbine power
plant whose cycle water source is limited, local monitor still prevails in case of
accident if no man on duty.
If the recirculated cooling water system is the single mode, i.e. one generator unit plus
one recirculated cooling water system, which can be incorporated in the DCS for real
time control. If the recirculated cooling water system is expanded into single mode
water supply system, connection pipes and isolating door are installed between water
supply systems. If want to feed water from neighboring water supply system, and if it
can not be incorporated into DCS control, PLC control device shall be equipped in the
cycle pump room to monitor the real time parameters.
12.3.4 If the gas turbine power plant fuelled by natural gas, equip pressure regulating
station and heating device for requirement of gas turbine equipment, equip pressure
regulator, emergency cut-off valve, filter, manual cut-off valve, inlet and outlet
pressure gauge, etc. In addition, internal type ultrahigh/ultralow switch valve, safe
blow off valve, etc shall be equipped besides in situ turbine flow meter, final flow
estimate device. If distant signals transmission is needed, forward the related request
to the equipment factory. Pressure regulating range can be chosen according to users
need. For safe, reliable operation of the pressure-regulating equipment, related
pressure regulators shall be provided.
12.4 Thermal detection

12.4.1 Main contents of thermal detection
5 Because the combined cycle gas turbine power plant bears the task of peaking load
under most circumstances, DCS and electric integrated automatic control system
(such as monitor on 110kv booster station, real time monitor on the generators,
computer protections interfaces, etc) shall monitor related systems and their
parameters and state.
12.4.2 Refer to 12.4.5 of DL5000-2000

12.4.3 Refer to 12.4.6 of DL5000-2000
12.4.4 Refer to 12.4.7 of DL5000-2000
12.5 Thermal protection

12.5.1 Article1, 2, 3, 5 & 6 refer to 12.6.1 of DL5000-2000. According to operating
characters and technological requirement in article 4 & 7, important tripping button
(directly connected with driving loop of the equipment) must be installed to ensure
that major equipment of the gas turbine can be safely operated when emergency
happens.
12.5.2 When emergency happens on the combined cycle generator unit, the DCS will
set out signals to stop the heat recovery boiler and steam turbine, open stack bypass
door, and transfer to simple cycle operation. If the gas turbine is inoperative, the
whole set will stop operating.
12.6 Control of thermal switching quantity and interlock

12.6.1 They shall refer to 12.7.1 of DL5000-2000 and characters of the combined
cycle gas turbine power plant.
12.6.2 Equip related sequential control system according to technological requirement

and operation characters of the boiler and auxiliary machinery in order to meet special
monitoring requirement of auxiliary machinery.
12.6.3 Auxiliary machinery for the boiler, for example, feed pump & cycle pump shall
be equipped with lubricating oil system, cooling and sealing system, automatic
interlock and trip out of service for all working pumps. In addition to that, interlock
protection shall be provided to ensure normal operation for all systems.
12.6.4 Auxiliary machinery for the steam turbine: for example: DC lubricating oil
pump, jacking oil pump and barring gears shall be equipped with lubricating oil
system subject to the technological requirement. Provide interlock protection and
automatically initiate the protection when the lubricating oil pressure is deviated from
normal value. Automatically initiate the protection as well when condensate removal
pump, drainage pump or other type of pumps pressure signal is deviated from the
normal value and trip out of service in order to ensure normal operation for the
system.
12.6.5 Refer to 12.7.5 of DI.5000-2000

12.6.6 Refer to 12.7.6 of DI.5000-2000
12.7 The control of thermal analog quantity

12.7.1 There are 2 equipping ways for the combined cycle gas turbine generator unit:
multi-axis configuration including several gas turbines and generators and the boilers,
one steam turbine, while forms a complete set; uniaxial configuration including one
gas turbine, one boiler, one steam turbine and one generator, while forms the whole
set. Each set of combined cycle generator unit shall be involved in frequency
adjustment in the power network, so power net, gas turbine, boiler and steam boiler
shall be treated as a whole when coordinating and controlling each set. Signaled by
network load, gas turbine, boiler and steam boiler shall be working coordinately in
order to quick and stably meet requirement of network load. Now, every domestic gas
turbine power plant adopts the operation mode of steam turbine following the boiler,
the boiler following the gas turbine and gas turbine accepting loading signal from
dispatching center of power network.
12.7.2 Regulating system of the gas turbine shall have functions such as temperature
control, speed control, load control, automatic start or stop, overspeed protection, etc.
Steam turbine of the combined cycle shall be equipped with electrohydraulic control
system. This load control on the steam turbine has its own specialty:
1. The combined cycle generator unit usually determines the regulating range
according to different fuels used in the power plant. However, the gas turbine and
steam turbine shall prevented from operating under underload conditions, because the
boiler will generate high degree moisture under underload conditions, which will
cause cavitation on the boiler and steam turbine, and reduce the efficiency.
2. Main control of the steam turbine accepts pressure signals, but it only operate
when the steam pressure is out of allowable range, which can take advantage of heat
recovery to the largest amount. Therefore, combined cycle generator unit shall take
full advantage of heat recovery, and stack damper of the boiler and regulating valve of
the steam turbine shall be fully opened, steam turbine shall be operated under
allowable range to automatically control the load and improve the generating
efficiency.
3. A set of interlock and protections measures shall be takes accordingly for
automatic, stable and reasonable control. The DCS will be convenient for realizing the
comprehensive controls.
12.7.4 Refer to 12.8.4 of DL5000-2000

12.8.1 Thermal alarm includes conventional alarm and alarm function of data
collection system.
1. The deviations examples of main thermal parameters of the process system from
the standard values are as follows:
Overspeed of high pressure gas turbine:
High temperature between couplings:
High temperature between water wash:
High/low temperature between priming (if applicable):
High temperature of lubricating oil:
Low oil pressure of lubricating oil:
High and low differential pressure of sealed oil:
Low pressure of hydraulic oil:
High and low differential pressure of hydraulic oil filter:
High and low hydraulic oil level:
High and low lubricating oil level:
High and low differential pressure of major filter for lubricating oil:
Too big pressure drop of inlet air filter of the gas turbine:
Low hydrogen pureness degree of the generator unit (applicable to hydrogen cool
generator unit).
2. Thermal protection measures and malfunctions of major auxiliary equipment are

as follows:
Ventilation and heating for the gas turbine:
CO2 fire protections for the gas turbine:
Lubricating system for the gas turbine:
Generator protections for the gas turbine:
Hydrogen collecting box (close) trip (applicable to hydrogen cool generator unit)
3. Malfunctions of auxiliary equipment are follows:

High and low temperature of heavy oil:
Low oil pressure of heavy oil
12.8.2 Refer to 12.5.2 of DL5000-2000

12.8.3 Refer to 12.5.4 of DL5000-2000. The VDU may be CRT or LCD.

12.9.1 The control device for the gas turbine shall be provided by the gas turbine
manufacturer, and shall have the following functions:
1. For the gas turbine manufactured whether at home or abroad, the local control
room shall be built during the simple cycle operation;
2. Necessary control board must be equipped in the local control room, and
operable select command, selective display, current running state, major control
parameter, alarm signals, a set of VDC and computer operation station monitored
shall be equipped on the board.
3. When operating in simple cycle, regard the operator station as the monitoring
center to realize start, raising speed, incorporated into the power network and under
load, normal operation of the gas turbine and emergency accident treatment;
4. The control device for the gas turbine shall have special purpose communications
interfaces to communicate with DCS for the combined cycle generator unit, and shall
provide according hardware and soft ware (communications rules and data inventory)
to realize centralized monitoring management for the whole factory.
12.9.2 DEH for the steam turbine shall provide communications interfaces,
communication protocols and data inventory of the DCS, and send the information of
monitoring steam turbine to the DCS.
12.9.3 After the combined cycle generator unit is established, the monitor shall be
conducted by the DCS. In addition, the generator unit shall conduct bidirectional data
communications with control device of the gas turbine and DEH control device of the
steam through special communication interfaces. According to technological
requirement of the generator unit, DCS shall conduct necessary monitor and control
on the control device parameters of gas turbine and steam turbine, i.e. conduct human-
machine interface communications and information exchange between all stations by
way of VDU and key board in the operator station in the central control room, in order
to realize centralized monitor, performance computation, operation guidance and
emergency accident treatment.
Decentralized control system shall be equipped subject to the following requirement:

1. There shall be 2 high-speed communication buses serving as the redundancy for
each other and operating simultaneously.
2. The redundancy configuration is required for the interlock protection for the
combined cycle generator unit and the controller of important analog quantity
control project.
12.9.4 There are many auxiliary systems for the combined cycle power plant, and
operating ways of generator unit can be flexible (according to requirement of power
network dispatching center).
When 2 sets of generator units are using the same public system, DCS net shall be
established for the public system.
12.9.5 The combined cycle generator units shall adopt DCS, and cancel all secondary
instruments. Although there still have some secondary instruments for important
signals, actually they play an important role in operation. According to characteristics
and characters of the combined cycle generator unit, tripping signal and related
bailout door, control for AC/DC oil pumps for three main equipment to ensure
emergency shut down when unexpected accidents happen
12.10 Monitor and management information system at the factory

level
12.10.1 If the design capacity of the gas turbine power plant is 12OOMW or more than that, and
capacity of each set of combined cycle generator unit is more than 30OMW, real-time monitoring
system may be establish for the plant to improve real time monitor management level. Therefore,
it needs to choose mature DCS suitable for combined cycle gas turbine power plant. In addition to
that, there shall have programmable control system suitable for controlling the auxiliary
machinery for the power plant. Each system shall have mature hardware, software and network
connection platform, hardware and software technical measures for data communications with
external control systems.
13 Electrical Equipment & System

13.1.2 In order to ensure the maximum economical results for the gas turbine electric
generator, the capacity of the generator shall not restrict the output of the gas turbine
(the combined cycle generator unit shall also include the steam turbine) in principle
There are many types of output of the gas turbine according to different service conditions.
Different standards use different wordage. For details, please refer to Table 4.
Table 4 Different Output Phrases for the Gas Turbine
Standard name and No. GB/T 15135-1994 GB/T 7064-2002

Gas turbine nomenclature Technical requirements on the
turbine synchronous generator
Relation with international Refer to overseas advanced Non-equivalent adoption

standard standards such as ANST, etc (equal or higher)
IEC60034-3: 1988
Relational nomenclature Rated power Rated power
Standard rated power Basic capacity
Continuous maximum rating Peaking capacity
Peak power
Limit output
Rated power of the gas turbine generator is defined in Article 6.2 of GB/T 7064-2002
Technical requirements on the turbine synchronous generator as the effective and
continuous apparent power at generators coil out terminal when the generator is
operated under rated frequency, rated voltage, rated power factor, and rated hydrogen
pressure (if use hydrogen cool), the initial cooling medium temperature shall be 40,
and generators temperature rise and temperature does not exceed rated value. Unless
otherwise agreed, parameters of gas turbine generator unit shall be ascertained under
rated state. Except that electric parameters of the generator is stressed in the above
regulations, the initial cooling medium temperature is 40, which is not the standard
operation conditions or 15 regulated by ISO standard reference conditions.
Therefore, if capacity of the gas turbine is the same as that of the generator, the rated
output will be different. The initial cooling medium temperature is defined in Article
6.1 of GB/T 7064-2002 as the temperature of the air entering the open type air cooling
generator, which is usually the air temperature around the environment. As for air
proof circulating cooling generator, the initial cooling medium temperature is defined
as hydrogen or air temperature entering the generator from the condenser. In order to
get best design of the generator and condenser, the manufactory shall ascertain
temperature range of the initial cooling medium temperature according to given
temperature range of secondary (final) cooling medium (air or water) supplied by the
user. Therefore, this article regulates selection conditions on rated capacity of gas
turbine generator according to conditions of definition of the generator power.
ISO11086: 1996 according to conditions of annual operation hours and start times,
different rated output conditions of the turbine under rated temperature is defined as
follows:
Annual operating hours Annual start times

Rated output of base load 8760 25
Half rated output of base load 6000
Output under peak load 2000 500
Rated output of standby peak load 500
Related standards have not regulated the ration peak load, rated output and ratio
between base load and output. The gas turbines manufactured by different plants are
different due to different materials, structures and technologies. Taking advantage of
rated output of peak load will shorten service life if the turbine is normally and
continuously operated. Now, not all the gas turbine power plant under construction or
installation is only bearing peak load, or bearing standby peak load, so here we
regulate output choices for the generator under maximum continuous capacity and for
the gas turbine to be operated under base load, lowest monthly average temperature
and initial cooling medium temperature; if lowest monthly average temperature and
initial cooling medium temperature is not regulated for coordination, the capacity of
the generator can not be choose too big.
The peak power shall be operated under conditions regulated by the manufactory.
13.1.3 According to regulations in 6.1.2 of GB/T 7064-2002, the times of the

generator setting to work under base load shall not over 500 times. According to
regulations in 3.16 of GB/T 7064-2002, the rotor within its service life shall
mechanically bear start times of no less than 10000. According to the above
regulations, if the generator is started for 500 times every year, the service life of the
generator will be 20a (the service life will be shorter if it is more than 500 times).
Therefore, total start times shall be advised to the manufactory according to
prearranged operation ways, character of bearing load.
13.1.4 If the generator unit in the gas turbine power plant is used for peak-load
regulating or emergency power source, the start and stop will be frequent, so use
double winding transformer to join the power network for a certain voltage.
According to investigations, most power plants adopt double winding main
transformer to join the power system.
13.1.5 Characters of the generator in the gas turbine power plant shall be in harmony
with gas turbine character, but output of gas turbines of different manufactories can
not be in a standard series (such as 50, 100, 200, 300MW, etc) due to different
manufacturing technologies, materials, meteorological conditions, etc. Therefore,
class shall be titled before the capacity of the generator, which will be more
reasonable. For example, as for A manufactory: rated power of 100MW class
generator is 105MW, whereas it may be 99MW in B manufactory. In addition, the site
rated output requested by the manufactory may be changed further according to
different site meteorological conditions.
13.2 Main electric wiring

13.2.1 The generator unit in the gas turbine power plant used for peak-load regulating
starts and stops frequently, almost all of which adopt unit-system wiring access
system of the double winding main transformer of the generator. For example, the
generator units with capacity ranging 24.6gMW to 114.7MW in Shengzhen Nanshan
thermoelectric power plant all access the 1l0KV power grid through double winding
transformer; all the 100MW generator units in Shanghai Zhabei Gas Turbine Power
Plant, Wenzhou Longwan Gas Turbine Power Plant, Zhenhai Gas Turbine Power
Plant all access the 220KV power grid through adopting double winding main
transformer. Due to frequent starts and stops, the circuit breaker on high pressure side
shall be oil-free ones suitable for frequent operation.
13.2.2 No circuit breaker is installed at the outlet of l00MW class generator of

Shanghai Zhabei, Ningbo Zhenhai, Wenzhou Longwan gas turbine gas power plants,
etc (Zhenhai Gas Turbine Power Plant used domestically made SF 6 circuit breaker on
220kV side). But the circuit breakers are installed at the outlet of two sets of
ABBl21MVA generator units in Fushan Shakou Power Plant, Yueliangwan Gas
Turbine Power Plant (ALSTOM 36MW generator unit). According to the
investigation, it is basically feasible that the peaking power plant selects the excellent
high pressure SF6 circuit breaker manufactured in China, instead of circuit breaker at
the outlet of the generator unit. For the gas turbine power plant for peak-load
regulating, the wiring of transformer units of generator is adopted, and the installation
of circuit breaker at the outlet of generator may avoid the more frequent changeover
operation between the startup power supply and working power supply. This is
favorable to the operation management of gas turbine power plant for peak-load
regulating. However, all circuit breakers installed at the outlet of 100MW class or
above generators have to be imported and are very costly, and in addition, the high
pressure house transformer and main transformer shall require the adjustment of
pressure under the load after the installation of circuit breaker at the outlet of
generator; as a result, it is stipulated that the installation and setting of circuit breaker
at the outlet of generator shall be determined through technical and economic
argumentation.
Therefore, this article regulates that installation of the circuit breaker for the
generator shall be ascertained after technical and economic argumentation.
Circuit breaker for the generator stated in this article can also be the load switch.
Article 12.1.6 of GB50049-1994 regulates for non-peaking gas turbine power plant:
if the generator and double winding transformer is under unit connection, circuit
breaker may be installed between the heating set and transformer; however, it shall
not install the circuit breaker for the condensing set. If the generator and three
winding transformer is under unit connection, it shall install the circuit breaker
between the generator and transformer, etc. Article 13.2.8 of DL5000-2000 regulates
clearly that the generator outlet shall/should not install the circuit breaker if the
generator unit is 125MW or below or 200MW~300MW, and the generator and double
winding transformer is under unit connection.
13.2.3 The rated voltage of the generator made in China (including that manufactured
by importing technology) shall meet requirement of Table 4 of GBl56-1993 standard
voltage, and Table 4 and Table 5 of GB/T7064-2002, so it will be convenient for
operation and management of the whole power system; when importing overseas
generator unit, it shall use mature and reliable rated voltage value supplied by the
manufactory; if importing whole set of overseas equipment, it shall adopt the standard
provided by the overseas manufacturer.
13.3.1 The auxiliary power supply for the multi-axis combined cycle generator unit
usually comes from the high pressure house transformer connecting the outlet of the
generator of the gas turbine; considering that the generator unit operates
synchronically with the gas turbine unit (equipped with non-afterburning heat
recovery boiler), the high-pressure house power supply is not necessarily installed at
the outlet of the turbogenerator unit. So the two sets of auxiliary units of the
turbogenerator unit can be connected to the high-pressure house power section of the
two (or one) gas turbine generator units, which is advantageous to saving investment
and convenient operation.
Shanghai Zhabei gas turbine power plant just adopts this mode. Zhenhai gas turbine
power plant designed and provided by Britain JB Corporation, and the plant has
installed separate high pressure house power resource, which is necessary. In the
future, after-burning heat recovery boiler may be developed; if the steam turbine
generator unit still need to be operated when the gas turbine is stopped, then the steam
turbine generator outlet shall be connected with house power resource, so related
loading part will be supplied power.
13.3.2 As for high pressure house standby/start power source connection, the article
has ascertained that the uniaxial and multi-axis combined cycle generator unit shall
be connected with the power source according to capacity class of each set of
generator unit. If the multi-axis combined cycle generator unit is 2 plus 1 mode, i.e. 2
gas turbines plus 1 steam gas turbine which is composed of one generator unit. Then
capacity class for each generator unit shall be subject to designs regulated in Article
4.5 of DL5153-2002 technical regulations on house supply of thermal power plant.
If the transformer bank for 2 or over 2 peaking gas turbine generator is not equipped
with circuit breaker at the outlet of the generator; if use frequency of the high pressure
startup/standby transformer (reactor or power resource) is high, and if one of them is
stopped, the generator can still be operated; then there are at least 2 high pressure
startup/standby transformers (reactors or power resources), and the low pressure sides
(supply sides) shall be connected with each other.
Section 3 of Article 4.5.3 of DL5153-2002 technical regulations on house supply of

thermal power plant has only regulated equipment of high pressure startup/standby
transformer (reactor or power resource) when the circuit breaker or load switch is
installed at the 600MW generator outlet; Article 13.2.2 has not limited unit capacity of
the circuit breaker at the generator outlet; as for small capacity unit, its high pressure
house power resource may be the reactor or just one high pressure service power lead.
This Article refers to Section 3 of Article 4.5.3 of DL5153-2002 technical regulations
on house supply of thermal power plant has only regulated equipment of
startup/standby transformer when the circuit breaker is installed for the two-winding
transformer bank generator outlet.
13.3.3 when the gas turbine power plant acts as peaking or emergency power supply,
due to frequent start and stop, all or part of the generator units may start or stop; if the
generator outlet connected with generator transformer bank is not installed with
circuit breaker, it can not ensure the power transferred from main transformer to
public load; therefore, public load transformer (double as start/standby transformer)
powered by the system shall be installed. Another relatively separate power
resource means if the relay is under correct protection, single failure at any site will
not cause OPS and the single power source another relatively separate power
resourceto be switched off at the same time. As for connections for high pressure
factory building start source/single power source, refer to design regulated in 12.2.6-
12.2.7, 12.2.9 of GB50049-1994 and 13.3.13-13.3.14 of DL5000-2000.
Public load such as fuel (gas, oil) supply for the gas turbine power plant shall be
equipped with power resource. As for peaking gas turbine power plant, the stops
seldom happen, so its house power resource can act as standby power resource of
public load.
When the plant has 2 high pressure house transformers (reactors or power resources),
the public load adopts 2 high pressure house start/standby transformers (reactors or
power resources) connections which spare for each other, which will improve
reliability of power supply.
After realizing the policy of plant is separated from the power network, the
connections between the public load and high pressure start/standby transformer shall
be subject to main electrical scheme of the project, specific conditions of the local
power company, and can refer to Article 4.5.5 of DL5153-2002 design technique
regulations for house power in thermal power station. Nevertheless, pay attention to
characters and requirement of the gas turbine power plant stated in this article.
13.3.4 This article has been regulated after referring to 13.3.17 of DL5000-2000 and
4.5.1 of DL5153-2002 design technique regulations for house power in thermal
power station. First part of the article is applicable to peaking and non-peaking gas
turbine generator units. AC safety power is constructed for generator capacity of
200MW class or over 200MW class. As for non-peaking gas turbine generator unit
below the generator capacity of 200MW class (whether it is uniaxial or multi-axis
combined cycle or simple cycle), it shall be make clear from the gas turbine and the
boiler manufactory: when the AC power is switched off, whether there are AC safe
load which shall be quickly powered and which can affect personnel and equipment
safeties, (usually it is AC barring motor).
l00MW class generator unit in a certain gas turbine power plant need no hand turning
after the AC power resource is switched off; the shaft does not bend after natural
cooling for 48 days; can be re-started; barring motor is AC; however, there are DC
motor for those which may affect personnel and equipment safeties.
Another power plant, which has the same model of generator as the above plant, has
successfully used hand-drive block to hand-turn the gas turbine after whole pant is
power-off. However, outer casing of the gas turbine is very hot when turning by
hands, so accidents may happen. It is reported that 40MW class and below gas turbine
generator set hand turning manufactured by imported techniques is AC generator,
which can be re-started without hand turning after cooled for 48 days.
Considering that the gas turbine generator unit serving the purpose of peak-load
regulating has to be started or stopped frequently, so whether the capacity is big or
small, when the turning motor requires AC power source, the AC safe power resource
shall still be installed to ensure that the unit could restart again and be ready for
operation any time for peak-load regulating, as the time for natural cooling is too long
in case of no turning of the unit, despite that the main shaft of the gas turbine unit
does not bend even if the time for natural cooling is 48 hours. .
13.3.5 The number of sets of auxiliary equipment for generator unit is different from
that of the steam turbine generator. The number of steam turbine generators shall be
regulated clearly based on the boiler capacity (and generator capacity), subject to
article 13.3.16 of DL5153-2002 and article 4.3.1 of DL5000-2000 design technique
regulations for house power in thermal power station. Objective of the article is as
follows: if the whole set of generators (including the boiler) have 2 or more than 2
auxiliary equipment, two busbar section lines shall be constructed for that, which is suitable for
the gas turbine, too.
13.3.6 Starting mode for the gas turbine generator usually includes frequency
conversion, diesel engine and electric motor, etc, and power source for the generator
shall not separately switch in, especially from outlet of the generator under the double
winding transformer bank, since this design needs to install circuit breaker for the
generator. Circuit breaker installation shall be in accordance with 13.2.2. Auxiliary
equipment for starting may usually switch in busbar lines, and thermal power plant
has got mature experience in that. Individual gas turbine manufacturer (large scale
manufacturer of circuit breaker, too) recommend to switch in starting power source
separately from the outlet of generator (at this time, circuit breaker must be installed).
In our opinion, their recommendation is out of their manufacturing superiority on the
circuit breaker; meanwhile, there are big overseas gas turbine manufactory suggests
that it be unnecessary to switch in starting power source separately from the outlet of
generator, even frequency conversion starting, it can be switched in from busbar
section lines of the house power for the generator. Circuit breaker installation shall be
designed in accordance with 13.2.2. & related explanation; it shall not be subject to
the conditions that the starting power source shall be switched in from the outlet of the
generator.
13.3.7 The gas turbine set is usually in the way of module equipment which can be
assembled quickly. The control centre cabinet for low-voltage motor and DC cabinet
monitoring computer, etc of the imported gas turbine generator unit are usually
installed in the electrical control module, and sold together with the generator unit. In
addition, they can be assembled smoothly on the site to realize cold/hot starting,
loading on or stopping.
Therefore, domestic generator manufacturers shall provide whole set of products
including low-voltage motor, DC cabinet, monitoring computer, etc, and they shall be
packed in suitable modules, so the gas turbine power plant can be established in high
quality and quick speed.
13.3.8 Since the fuel is flammable gas or oil, the gas turbine, whether big or small
capacity, the regulations have been subject to 13.3.21 of DL000-2000 in order to be
helpful for the fire control and convenient layout.
13.3.9 The article is regulated also for frequent starting and stopping of peaking
generator unit.
13.3.10 As for emergency and standby power source, the gas turbine power plant
must be able to start the gas turbine generator unit (i.e. black starting) to supply
power for the power network when there in no extra power source. Thus, emergency
and standby function can really be realized. Diesel generator unit shall be used as
power source for black starting. A certain gas turbine joint venture has procured
4X100M diesel generator unit (i.e. safe power source) for air conditioning and
communications required by the foreign party; in addition to that, they have also
procured another diesel generator unit of 3260KW for black starting. Starting one 100
MW class gas turbine shall be taken into consideration. The safe power source and
black starting power source shall be separate from each.
13.4 Direct current system

13.4.1 Motor control center in Gas turbine power plant, monitoring computer, direct
current system, etc, shall be provided in a whole set by the manufactory. The
regulations are made according to 13.4.1 of DL5000-2000: small or equal to 200MW
class generator unit can be equipped in one set, or equip (for example, a certain
manufactory usually provide 2 sets) according to customs of the manufactory.
As 13.3.8 has stated, direct current system for the gas turbine generator unit shall be
proved by the manufactory in a whole set and packed in the suitable modules,

13.8.1 According to investigations and researches, currently, control ways for simple
cycle gas turbine generator unit at home and abroad are usually local controlling, and
the local control modules (computer) shall be provided in whole set by the
manufactory. Combined cycle set shall adopt single unit controlling way. Regulations
in this article are made according to characters of the gas turbine power plant
(different from conventional thermal power plant).
Controlling of combined cycle generator unit single unit shall be implemented in the
central control room. Each set of generator unit can install a central control room, or
every 2 sets (or more than 2 sets) install a central control room. However, there are no
more than 4 sets in a central control room. According to investigations, 4 overseas
combined cycle generator units equipped with one uniaxial has been installed as one
serial, and 8 sets are divided into 2 serial yet controlled only by one central control
room (even if there are additional 1-2 sets have not bee constructed). However, due to
different reasons, domestic gas turbine power plants have not ever constructed one
serial of 4 sets or more, so the central control room shall be constructed according to
specific situations of each plant.
A certain gas turbine power plant of 4x100 MW class has installed in situ monitoring
computer provided by the manufactory. If taking safety and reliability into
consideration, the monitoring computer provided by the manufactory shall be installed
for each generator unit in the central control room in case of mutual interference of 4
generator units controlled by one computer, and this needs to be proved after the
combined cycle is constructed.
Power network control is recommended to be constructed in the central control room

of the first unit (i.e. the first central control room). Therefore, the first central room
shall be constructed together with constructing of the first simple cycle gas turbine
generator unit. In addition, it shall also meet requirement of simple cycle updated to
combined cycle. Furthermore, network control room may be constructed additionally
according to specific conditions of the engineering.
13.8.2 There are many generator units in the combined cycle power plant, so we
recommend using DCS controlled by the computer, and specific range of the power
entering the DCS shall be in accordance with related regulations on electrical small
wiring designs.

13.10.1 Refer to Article 13.3.9, compared with the steam turbine, the gas turbine is
more dangerous, so this article is made referring to 13.10.3 of DL5000-2000.
13.11 Other electric installations

Other electric installations are regulated referring to GB50049 and DL5000.

Refer to related articles in designed technical regulations of thermal power plant of

DL5O00
At present, information on the water project and water amount of gas turbine power
plant is not enough. Water information on the E class gas turbine (unit capacity
is100MW) of a certain power plant is as follows: adopt closed type water supply
system, hydrogen cooling water and other type of water shall be relaying. The closed
type water supply amount shall be 276 m3/h (if the relaying way is changed to
paralleling way, the supply amount will be 552 m 3/h. The flowchart is showed in
Figure 7.
Figure 7: sketch map of (PG9171E100MW) gas turbine water supply system
14.2 Water Supply System

14.2.1 Requirements about assurance ratio of cooling water resource:
1. About surface water: refer to related articles in DL 5000, but assurance ratio in
peaking and loading power plant shall be reduced moderately;
2. About ground water: refer to related articles in DL 5000.
14.2.2 Refer to related articles in DL 5000. Optimization calculation shall be

conducted according to prearranged operation way and character due to unbalanced
operation time in the year.
14.2.4 As for gas turbine or combined cycle generator units, they nee to be started or
stopped frequently, the set combination is always changing, and some unit set
capacity is not big. Therefore, the plant shall adopt mother pipe system or expand the
single unit water supply system. However, when the steam turbine capacity is big
(each steam turbine capacity is 100MW or more than that), or the plant has a high
requirement on the single unit system, the single unit water supply system shall be
adopted for the plant.
14.2.5 Because the gas turbine need to be started and stopped quickly, which make the
gas turbine power plant bear peaking load, start and stop frequently. Apart from that,
there are not enough personnel in the plant. Therefore, high automation will be
established for the plant. Main valve in the circulating water system shall be operated
by motor, and the valve diameter shall not be limited.
14.2.6 Mechanical draught cooling tower functions well in cooling, occupies few land
and need low construction price. Operating hours of Peaking and load combined cycle
generator unit is not long, so mechanical draught cooling tower shall be used.

14.3.1 There are little differences between gas turbine power plant and conventional
steam power station on related contents in this article. The capacity of generator unit
shall be executed according to regulations in DL5000 or GB50049.
14.3.2 Usually there are no men on duty in cycle pump rooms in gas turbine power
plant, and its automation is high. In addition, there are not so many operation
personnel in the plant, so the standard of entrance floor elevation of the shoreside
pump room shall be a little higher.
14.3.3 Pontoon style or cable car style water supply equipment shall be employed to
save engineering fee.
14.3.4 The generator unit amount can be changed, and the start and stop of generator
unit are very frequent, so variation of cycle pump amount is also very big.
14.3.5 Refer to related articles in DL5000 and GB50049.
14.3.6 The cycle pumps in most of small scale thermal power stations are equipped
with check valve on the outlet. Therefore, it is only stipulated that the check is not
required when the aperture is more than 450mm. As a result, in accordance with the
requirements of the related provisions of DL5000, the electric butterfly valve or
hydraulic buffer check valve shall be selected according to the actual conditions for
the exit valves of the pump.
14.3.7 Since the generator unit amount and capacity can be changed, this article only
regulates the least amount of supply pumps.
14.3.8. Refer to related articles in DL5000 and GB50049.

14.4.1 Because of different combination of generator units in gas turbine power
plants, and the difference of unit capacity is also very large, the quantities of water
inlet pipeline and trenches and drainage ditch shall not be determined
indiscriminately; instead, shall be determined according to the actual conditions.
14.4.3 There are many types of conduits under pressure. In addition, the difference
between pipe diameter, amount and construction period are very big, so we cannot
make requirement on that. We shall ascertain it according to actual situations. Artesian
pipe and trench shall use reinforced concrete structure. But when the pipe diameter is
small or of low quantity, other materials can be used, too.
15 Auxiliary and Accessory Equipment

15.0.1 According to the investigation, currently the overhauls in gas turbine power
plants at home and abroad are all completed by regional collaboration or through
contracting. There are no maintenance factory buildings in the factory, leaving only
several maintenance teams (or some management personnel of certain majors). In
addition, the tools equipped are also very simple (mainly locksmith
implements).Thus, the volume of employees can be reduced, and everyday
expenditure & investment can be reduced, too. But, some necessary instruments must
be equipped with consideration of emergency maintenance.
15.0.2 According to the investigation, currently the capacity of gas turbine power
plant is very small, while steam turbine parameter in combined cycle is also not big
enough. Apart from simple chemistry labs, constructions like other labs, testing
stations are not comprehensive and not uniform. Some of them are equipped with
incorporation equipments. In addition, instruments and setups are not complete.
Furthermore, some factories have never taken this into considerations. In the future,
along with the enhancement of gas turbine capacity and improvement of the boiler
steam parameter, gas turbine power plants will present different requirements to
installations in labs and testing stations, instruments and equipments. Thus, the
articles require that labs of different types should be set up according to their actual
needs. On the base of necessary technology monitoring installations, some
unnecessary can never be set up, some that can be incorporated, will be incorporated,
some that can be done with area collaboration will sufficiently employ the advantage
of the area, and subsequently reduce employee organization and save investment and
management fee.
15.0.3 There are many microelements like potassium, natrium, vanadium, calcium,
aluminium, nickel, sulfur etc in heavy oil and base oil. Existence of these elements in
fuel is the main cause of soot deposit and corruption of fan. Therefore, special fuel
microelement analytical instruments must be equipped to examine the oil fuel.
Discharge of oily wastewater will have an impact on the environment, so it shall be
treated up to standard before drainage. Analytical instruments will be beneficial for
dealing with oily wastewater.
15.0.4 The investigation shows that lubricating oil for gas turbine and steam turbine in
combined cycle power plant is usually not dealt with inside the factory itself. When
they are got rejected, they are replaced and dealt with by functional body. Transformer
insulating oil will be purified in certain time with the employment of portable
purifying equipments by power plant. Therefore, each factory doesnt have its own
central disposal room. The setup of stationary lubricant filter and washing equipment
is for convenient disposal, constantly keeping lubricant clean and extending service
hours. The capacity of oil tank is the total of capacities of purified oil room and dirty
oil room.
15.0.5 The fuel disposal and transportation in fuel oil (base oil and heavy oil) power
plant must need heating steam; uniaxial combined cycle also needs the steam turbine
to start or operate the generator unit; the start of deaerator also needs heating steam to
remove the oxygen; steam is needed in severe cold area, too, so the startup boiler shall
be installed to provide auxiliary steam.
In order to adapt to the characteristic of rapid start, liquid fuel and gas fuel in gas
turbine power plant, the boiler shall employ fuel or fuel gas readypackage boiler. The
capacity of the boiler shall be confirmed by technique economy analysis.
15.0.6 Steam compressed air for examination mainly provides steam for machinery
equipments examining, air lancing and pneumatic tools. In addition, compressed air
system for thermaling control provides steam for all instrument equipments of
aerodynamic performance. It shall be dried, clean, no-oil, no-water compressed air of
high quality and has a constant and steady steam source, so stationary compressed air
system shall be equipped in the power plant. But some gas turbine power plants been
investigated think that they need not be equipped with stationary compressed air
system for saving equipment investment and simplifying the system. Considering of
steam compressed air for examination, a portable air compressor with capacity of
3m3/min--5m3/min will be specially equipped for providing steam for examining in
the whole plant. Because it is not often used, it can be commonly used in the whole
plant. The manufacturing plant will be equipped with special air compressor to
provide stream for thermaling control. If there is necessary to set up compressed air
system only for instruments, 2 will be enough, one of which is for backup. In addition,
because we usually choose air compressor with better quality, there is no need of
backup for examining.
In order to maintain conveniently, we suggest that it be fixed in appropriate location
in the down part of the steam turbine room.
15.0.7 The main heating power equipment in the gas turbine power plant is exhausted
heater boiler. Related maintenance measures will be taken to keep it from corruption
when in block up. In the block up period of 5 days to 6 days, no measures will be
taken. While the block up time is no more than one month, it shall be maintained with
diamine.
16 Building & Structure

16.1.1 According to main tasks of building industry instituted in building technician
policy sketch, combining with its special requirements on security, gas turbine power
plant must carry out the guideline of security, adaptability, economy & beauty to
confirm its building & Structure design, which shall be in harmony with its
environment on the base of consistent with plant layout (many gas turbine power
plants are near the city or the town, or just in the development zone).
16.1.3. There havent any related standards of the scale and size of auxiliary,
accessory and life buildings in gas turbine power plant, so we can refer to related
standards and regulations, and ascertain them according to actual situation. When we
design it, we shall also pay attention to save land use, and control its scale and size
aim.

16.2.1 Fire-proofing, explosion-proofing and safely evacuation: combined cycle gas
turbine power plant has strict requirements to fireproofing and explosion-proofing.
This article has specified related standards of fireproofing, etc.
Steam turbine room is a big factory building in gas turbine power plant, and
fireproofing for such room is very important and difficult. We can consider our
fireproofing according to related regulations in 3.2.1 of GBJ16-1987 (2001version)
and 16.1.4 of DL55000-2000.
Because when explosive breaks out, fuel pump room, oil extension electric equipment
room and other rooms full of inflammables and explosives will endanger other
buildings and personnels safety, so factory buildings with explosives shall be separate
or in a separate store. When the situation is limited, effective measures shall be taken
for protection.
In order to ensure personnel safety, it is regulated to build up protecting wall to isolate

between production factory buildings and resting rooms and offices. When explosive
breaks out in the dangerous production factory building, its bow wave has a strong
destroying power. In addition, for common bricks cannot resist inch strength and may
get destroyed, even if the former wall is strong enough for fireproof, fireproofing
function will be lost due to broken wall. Therefore, we require that the protecting wall
shall have certain inch strength.
In factory buildings filled with inflammable and explosive liquid, when industrial
accident occurs, liquid will flow on the floor or leak to the trench. If there is any fire
source, combustion explosion accident will trigger. Therefore, we require that buried
channels shall not be connected with trenches under neighboring factory buildings. In
addition, because sewage drain leakage is easy to cause accidents, we require water
seal or oil removal equipments be established in sewage drain
In order to sufficiently realize fire retardant function and convenient use, the open
style of fireproof door is clearly regulated.
In order to prevent fires from spreading, the inspection door for cable rooms and cable
silos shall be of fireproof doors with a fire endurance of no lower than 36min.
The setup and distance of safety escape exit shall have its standard: the evacuated
personnel can reach the safety escape exit or safety area. Enough safety escape exits
are very important to ensure the safety evacuation of people and assets. We require
two safety escape exits. However, because of different building area and personnel
amount, the setup is, actually, difficult, and not accord with actual situation.
Therefore, as for factory buildings with small area and few personnel, a safety escape
exit shall be established according to 3.5.1 of GBJ16-1987 (2001version).
When fires break out, in order to evacuate personnel to safety area or outside the
factory building as quickly as possible, we require that factory buildings with a length
over 100m shall be established with midway safety exit or midway stair well.
In order to meet the requirement of vertical transportation from different layers (such
as steam turbine factory building) to the roof, evacuation, fire protection and
examining, closed main stairs shall be constructed at the main entrance such as fixed
terminal, and shall be constructed by reinforced concrete. In addition, the clear width
shall be no more than 1.2 m, and outdoor safety stairs in continuation end shall be
metal ladder with a width of no lower than 1.2 m.
16.2.2 High noise equipments in gas turbine power plant mainly is mainly focusing on
rotational and driving components of gas turbine generator unit and steam turbine
generator unit, we can control them from noise source. For those that cannot be
eradicated, measures like sound insulation, sound elimination, sound absorption, etc.
can be taken. In addition, we can plant trees and flowers to reduce noise influence on
the environment outside factory buildings.
Vibration will not only produce noise, but also cause equipment accidents and
personnel injuries. Therefore, we shall design vibration-proof functions for the
equipments in accordance with related regulations.
Technique measures such as heat preservation and heat insulation shall be cooperated
with technical and civil works projects. Moreover, they shall be designed according to
related regulations and rules to ensure a comfortable environment for personnel.
16.2.3 In consideration of energy saving, natural light shall be given priority to be

employed in the daylighting of buildings. To ensure certain daylighting index, certain
amounts and area of side windows are needed. In addition, for energy saving and
cleaning, large area of glass windows shall be avoided.
For steam turbine room and combined cycle generator unit factory buildings which
have big width, the daylighting class and precalculated position can refer to
regulations in 16.5.2 of DL5000-2000.
16.2.4 Factory building buildings and floors which need to be washed shall be with
organized drainage to avoid excess water and ensure that equipment can be run
naturally and safely.
The roofing of factory buildings shall get organized drainage, and appropriate slope
shall be taken into consideration.
Usually, the factory buildings of gas turbine power plant are equipment factory
buildings. Therefore, in consideration of safe factor, the roofing shall be cast-in-place
reinforced concrete roof to ensure whole waterproofness. Moreover, in the market,
there are various kinds of waterproof materials, whose qualities are different, we shall
select those mature and excellent ones. Organized drainage shall be used for drainage
treatment of the whole roofing. In addition, we shall select right drainage slope
according to different weathers to ensure no leakage and no seepage, thus we can have
a natural and safe production.
16.2.5 Room decorations of buildings shall refer to regulations of GB50222: the

materials, etc. shall satisfy related fireproof class requirements, so when fire accident
happens, harmful gas, smoke and fire expanding, etc will not happen due to the factor
of room decoration materials. It has been proved that most fire accidents are caused
due to flammable decorating materials, expanded, or even can not be controlled due to
flammability of the material.
The floor of factory buildings shall be wearable, deslicking, no custing and easy to be
washed. We shall pay attention to this in selecting materials for floor. In addition, we
shall control the fabricating cost.
Control rooms and machine rooms, etc shall be static-proof and screening, etc, so we
shall take necessary measures during designing to ensure normal operation of the
equipment. We shall also take necessary measures to make terraces, walls, sunshades
which shall be acidproof by selecting acidproof floor tiles, ceramic tiles and
suspended ceiling materials. In addition, we shall pay more attention to their
acidproof qualities consistent with the requirements.
For the outside decorations of buildings, we shall select materials according to

requirements of technical setup and building structure. If it is steel structure factory
building, we shall select colored press armor plate or pre-coated plate as enclosing
material. We can select it subject to actual situation.
The decoration standard of inside or outside building shall be ascertained according to

DL5029 to control manufacturing cost. We shall make it be consistent with the
requirements of security, adaptation, economy and beauty.
16.3 Factory building Structure

16.3.1 Usually, the gas turbine generator unit shall be laid out in the open air, but the
uniaxial combined cycle generator unit and few multi-axis gas turbine generator units
shall be setup inside the house. Especially, factory buildings with imported generator
units or foreign designation technologies shall be constructed with steel structure to
meet objectives of quick construction and early putting into production. At present,
many factory buildings with multi-axis gas turbine generator unit are usually
constructed together with main control room and distribution equipment to form
framed structure which is usually of cast-in-place or precast reinforced concrete
construction, or other combined structure. Therefore, this article suggests that it shall
use reinforced concrete. When the construction period is limited or steel supply is
ensured, all steel structure can also be used.
16.3.2 Relation between roof truss type and span regulated in this article has been
ascertained according to many years of practice experience in power system. Steel net
structure shall be ascertained after technical and economical comparisons due to high
construction price.
16.3.3 If the load-carrying structure is of reinforced concrete, it usually adopts cast-in-

place concrete with bottom form made of precast reinforced concrete roof slab or
contour plate. In order to reduce weight of steel roof of gas turbine factory buildings,
heat preservation metal contour plate will be more suitable.
16.3.4 Enclosing construction shall be constructed in accordance with load-carrying

structure, local mteorologic conditions and materials supply. In addition, try to use
local materials by reasonable choice.
16.3.5 Regulations in this article are the basic requirement for the structure designs,
and the contents are in accordance with active DL5000. Structural members must
meet requirement of load, distortion and durance; as for structure having requirements
on crack resistance and crack width, the above computations shall be checked. When
the structure needs to bear dynamic load, dynamic computations shall be conducted,
too.
16.3.6 Longitudinal temperature experature expansion joints shall be constructed in

the factory buildings to prevent the structure being distorted or cracked due to
temperature difference or shrinking of the concrete; the spacing of the experature
expansion joints shall be in accordance with regulations in DL5000.
16.3.7 Now, in some factory building layouts, distributing building or office building
are usually constructed near the steam turbine room. However, due to their different
out appearances and different foundation conditions (factory building foundation is
manmade, while other building foundation is natural), different subsidence may
happen easily. Thats the reason why the article is made.
16.3.8 This article is the general requirement on the foundation and base design.
Reasonable foundation and suitable foundation strengthening plan, economic
comparison and optimization design will make the foundation and base design more
reasonable, safe and reliable.
16.3.9 Anti-earthquake degree of the factory building shall be ascertained according to

regulations on the anti-earthquake design specifications;
16.3.10 Live load in this article means loads such as equipment examinations,
constructions & installations, pipes, transportation vehicles, material stacking, etc, but
does not include some special loads for the equipment examinations such as mounting
of steam turbine rotor, load for examination, hauling load for large equipment, etc. As
for gas turbine, most plants construct them in the open air, while live load inside the
house is not experienced yet. Therefore, the article regulates that gas turbine power
house load shall meet technological operation requirement, be ascertained subject to
specific conditions of the project, and be amended step by step after accumulated
experience and material in practice.
16.3.11 Waterproof and drainage designs for the floor and underground trenches are
not perfect, and these problems have been found for many times during investigations.
For example, excess floor (surface) water, imperfect floor drain; trenches seepage,
even different type of trenches are raining through each other; the trench is not wide
enough for constructions or finishing; the drainage slope is too small which may cause
excess water in the trench; only one face of the cover is reinforcing, which is easy to
be ruptured by wrong covering. Therefore, this article is made to prevent the above
phenomenon recurring.
16.3.12 The structure shall ensure safe operation of fuel pump room and oil treatment
room. Meanwhile, the structure shall avoid unequal settlement of fuel pump room and
other auxiliary buildings.
16.4 Buildings
16.4.1 Currently, most domestic gas turbine generator unit power plants are mainly of
container style. In order to avoid vibration, all modules are installed on the common
chassis and the chassis is directly connected with the foundation. Therefore, all the
equipment is constructed in low positions, so the foundation shall be large reinforced
concrete foundation. The foundation of combined cycle generator unit equipped with
uniaxial shall be ascertained according to exhaust way of the steam turbine. If the
steam turbine is exhausting axially or down, the generator unit shall be constructed in
high position, and the foundation shall be reinforced concrete framed structure.
As for the multi-axis generator units, if the steam turbine exhaust down, the steam
condenser shall be constructed on the reinforced concrete framed structure; if the
steam turbine exhaust axial, the steam condenser shall be constructed at the end of the
steam turbine, and the steam turbine generator shall be constructed at low position
(which is mainly adopted by imported generators), the foundation for the steam
turbine may be large reinforced concrete foundation.
16.4.2 According to the operation characteristics of gas turbines and steam turbine
generator, in order to prevent the foundation from vibrating in operation, the
designation shall satisfy the needs of equipments and technical setting. In addition, the
designation shall meet the structure requirements of GB50040 and we shall also do
some necessary dynamic computation.
16.4.3 In order to conveniently do settlement observation on the foundations of gas

turbines and steam turbine generator, we need build up settlement observation point.
16.4.4 This article is the regular practice for storage tank on the natural foundation. In
order to avoid the foundation settlement, and sunk middle part with excessive oil, so
the middle part of the sand asphalt course on the tank foundation shall be a little
higher than the side parts. In addition to that, in order to prevent sand bedding course
from distorting under stress, circular retaining wall and rock slope protections shall be
constructed around the sand bedding course. Specific conditions shall be subject to the
size of the tank.
16.4.5 Underground tanks shall adopt reinforced concrete tanks, which have
characteristics of endurance and withstanding earth pressure. Therefore, in this article,
we propose that it shall be reinforced concrete tank.
16.4.6 If the geologic condition of tanks area is very poor, some necessary
reinforcement measures shall be taken for the base, such as strengthening concrete,
tamping concrete, crushing stones, close poles, etc.
16.4.9 Ground of oil discharge station shall be anti-slip, and easy to be washed. The
dirty water and oil shall be treated in proper way, and drained separately in case of
polluting the air.
16.4.10 Plan the layout in a uniform way, coordinate the bracket form, and try to
reduce bracket types for construction convenience after meeting the functional needs
and technological layout requirement.
16.4.11 Drainage slope for oil delivery trenches shall refer to drainage slop of the
cable trench in Clause 3 of 16.3.11. After oil-water separation treatment, the washing
water from the oil pipe and valve leakage.
16.4.12 Pressure regulating station for natural gas is laid in the open air, or half in the
air. However, in the severe cold area or rainy area, it can be laid inside the house. The
structure shall ensure safe operation of the pressure regulating station for natural gas
17 Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning

17.1.1 According to related regulations, buildings like factory buildings of gas turbine
plant or combined circle generator unit, fuel pump room, oil treatment room, natural
gas pressure regulating station, startup boiler room, etc, have potential fire hazard
during their manufacturing. We can ascertain the grade of fire hazard and fire-resistant
in this standard 5.3.6. Heating and ventilation equipments of these inflammable
building shall be fireproof, flameproof, static-proof and grounding.
17.1.2 When in normal operation, calorific values in factory buildings of gas turbine
plant or combined circle generator unit, fuel pump room, oil treatment room, natural
gas pressure regulating station, startup boiler room, etc are not very big. In addition,
we shall take the ventilation into consideration in case of accidents when calculating
of ventilation volume.
17.1.3 Usually, the heating source for gas turbine power plant comes from startup
boiler room. All gas turbine power plants being investigated to draw up this standard
have their own startup boiler room, which is the steam source of fuel system heat,
heating source and other steam for life use. Gas turbine power plant in central heating
area shall take the load of central heating into consideration when choosing suitable
startup boiler.
Heating source includes steam and hot water. Gas turbine power plant shall employ
hot water system, and the specific reasons are as follows:
1. Buildings in gas turbine power plant have many inflammable, explosive
rooms, so according to regulations in 5.6.11of GBJ19 Urban gas designation
criterion for heating source, hot water cycle mode shall be adapted in the heating
system;
2. In steam heating, drainage is not easy to be reclaimed. Moreover, steam
leakage volume is big, and steam consumed is also very big, so the running fee is
higher than that of hot water heating;
3. However, the temperature of steam heating surface is high and constantly in
change. In addition, air is dry and not clean.
Therefore, from the perspectives of safe running and economic benefit, hot water
heating shall be employed in gas turbine power plant. Moreover, there shall be
regulations that open flame heating is forbidden inside factory buildings and rooms.
17.1.4 Heating and air conditioner requirements in buildings in the plant area of gas
turbine power plant is almost the same as that of coal-fired power plant. Therefore,
apart from regulations in this article, it shall be in consistent with that of DL/T5035.
17.1.5 The fuel in gas turbine power plant is fuel oil or natural gas, so fireproof and
flameproof are very important. On the site equipped with fire warning and automatic
extinguishing, ventilation system shall cooperate with fire extinguishing system and
can be closed timely.
17.2 Gas Turbine Factory building

17.2.1 When in running, gas turbine will produce a lot of heat recovery; and fuel may
be leaked (such as oil gas, natural gas, etc.). Therefore, if the gas turbine is laid inside
the house, timely ventilation must be ensured from respective of safe production and
sanitation,. We shall first choose natural ventilation to save investment and run
conveniently.
Equipment heat dissipating capacity in the gas turbine house is mainly composed by 2
parts Generator unit heat dissipating capacity; gas turbine heat dissipating capacity.
When designing the ventilation system for summer, the above two heat dissipating
capacities shall be considered. There has dangerous gas in the gas turbine room (such
as leakage of natural gas, oil gas, etc), so harmful gas removal shall be considered
when designing the ventilation. Usually, ventilation capacity shall be able to get ride
of heat recovery and leaked gas.
Since the gas turbine is established with cover casing, and there are sound absorption
materials, and heat-protective materials, so all the surface temperature of the cover
casing is below 50, and even 40 of some plants. During investigations, we
touched the cover casing, and did not feel hot, the surface temperature is near body
temperature. Therefore, heat recovery inside the house can be removed by natural
ventilation.
If the natural ventilation can not reach requirement in 2.1.4 of GBJ19-1987,

mechanical ventilation or natural and mechanical combination ventilation, i.e. natural
air inlet, mechanical air outlet on the roof shall be used. When the roof extractor fan is
stopped, harmful gas ventilation facilities (for example, do not construct gravity valve
for the blasting cap and extractor fan (south), etc) shall be considered.
Dangerous oil gas and natural gas volatilized from the gas turbine house may be
exploded. Therefore, ventilator and motor for that shall be anti-detonation. In
addition, the ventilator and motor shall be parallelly connected. Use triangular belt
driving or other mechanical friction driving may produce static electricity and flame
which will cause explosive accidents.
17.2.2 According to statement in the above section, usually, gas turbine factory
building ventilation capacity, even if calculated by heat recovery removal capacity, it
can get rid of the leaked gas. Nevertheless, the ventilation capacity shall be checked
and calculated according to leakage amount. Heat of main equipment of the gas
turbine set can be dissipated through cover surface, and through cover ventilation
system which will get inside equipment and pipes heat out. Surface temperature of the
gas turbine cover is 40-50, the ventilation system inside the cover is mainly used
to remove heat between generators, between auxiliary equipment, between gas
turbines and between gears. Air exhausting temperature is about 10-l2. If shaft
gland heat inside the gas turbine is small, it can be neglected.
According to materials on one certain gas turbine manufactory, when each set of gas
turbine of 350MW is installed inside the house, the heat dissipating capacity of gas
turbine, steam turbine and pipes will be 860kW; the heat dissipating capacity inside
the cover of the gas turbine will be 205kW; the heat dissipating capacity inside the
cover of the steam turbine will be 170kW; the heat dissipating capacity inside the
cover of the generator will be 35kW. From here, we can see the heat of the gas turbine
laid inside the house is small, which is only accounting for near 1/3 of the thermal
power generating units of the same capacity. Therefore, when the equipment heat is
not clear, the ventilation capacity shall be calculated according to ventilation volume
of 5-7 times per hour.
The cooling load from removing the explosion gas must be taken into consideration
during winter heating in the gas turbine power plant.
17.2.3 There are coupling room, turbine room and gear room inside the gas turbine
factory building. The three rooms shall be with cover, and there shall be heat
insulation materials, sound absorption materials and ventilation facilities. Usually,
adopt natural air inlet and mechanical air outlet, and temperature of the outlet air is
usually 100-l20. When the gas turbine is installed inside the room, the
ventilation opening shall be connected outside the room in order to reduce heat inside
the room. When the ventilation opening is directly connected outside the room,
produced noise shall be fully taken into consideration; if the noise is over the control
standard, there shall construct noise eliminator around the ventilation opening.
17.2.4 There is a certain amount of oil gas and flammable gas in the factory building
of the gas turbine or combined generator unit. If the air in the room is recycling, the
gas strength of oil gas and flammable gas may be added, which will bring danger to
the safety production. However, the oil gas and flammable gas is accumulated on the
top of the factory building, so the ventilation facilities shall be constructed at high
point of the room. In winter, the ventilation facilities may be closed, which will cause
oil gas and flammable gas to be unable to get out. Therefore, if ventilation facilities
(such as ventilation cap) are constructed, the oil gas and flammable gas can get out
under any conditions.
17.3 Various fuel /oil building

17.3.1 Fuel pump rooms, including unloading pump rooms, fuel supply pump room
and oil feed pump room, will set off heat and inflammable oil steam.
The fuel from different producing area will have different contents. Oil steam with ah
will have anesthesia and spasm functions on peoples. Sulphide in oil steam, especially
sulfureted hydrogen, will cause acute or chronic poisoning on peoples. Hydrocarbons
gas in oil steam will mix with air and up to a certain amount, and it will get exploded
when being confronted with fire. Therefore, for those that may leak oil steam,
correspondent fireproof and explosive-proof measures shall be taken in the layout of
buildings. Fuel pump rooms on the ground have a big area of windows. We can take
use of natural wind to eliminate remaining heat and oil steam. For fuel pump rooms
underground or semi-underground, the piles and radiating facilities are underground,
and the oil and steam are assembled in the underpart of pump. In addition, it has a
small area of windows and the windows are located in the upper part, so the air cannot
easily get through. Moreover, the thickness of the oil and steam is high, so the natural
wind cannot satisfy the needs. Therefore, we shall employ mechanical ventilation.
This article regulates that oil gas content in the air shall not over 350mg/m3, which is
referred by related regulations of GBZl. Fuel oil in the gas turbine includes heavy oil,
light oil, base oil, etc. Volatilized oil gas from the fuel oil has explosion hazard, and
the down explosion limit is 1% (volume concentration in the air), alarming value of
safety regulations is 1/5 of the down explosion limit. Thus, this article regulates
volume concentration of the gas shall not over 0.2%.
According to regulations in DL/T 5035, air change rate for the oil pump house shall
be no less than 10 times per hour.
When the oil pump house adopts mechanical ventilation, in order to ensure the oil
pump house is under negative pressure, and avoid harmful gas leaking into
neighboring rooms, the regulated ventilation volume shall be 10%-20% bigger than
air delivery amount.
17.3.2 Oil treatment room is mainly use to treat heavy oil. Currently, heavy oil used
by our gas turbine power plant is mainly #180 heavy oil. Oil treatment is to separate
foreign materials from the oil by washing, feeding medicine and separations to purify
the oil. Mechanical ventilation system must be constructed for oil treatment, since the
oil gas will be volatilized; because the volume weight of the oil gas is bigger than that
of the air, suction opening of the ventilation system shall be constructed at the up and
down part of the system. The down part suction opening shall be near the ground.
Meanwhile, oil content in the oil treatment room shall be no more than 350 mg/m 3,
and volume concentration shall be no more than 0.2%. In addition, the ventilation
motors shall be explosion proof type and directly connected. Furthermore, air in the
room is not allowed to be recycling.
17.3.3 Natural gas is no color or odor, flammable and explosive mixed gas, which is
1/3 lighter than the air. Methane is the main part of natural gas; methane and nitrogen
gas of natural gas is lighter than the air, while ethane, propane, butane and sulfureted
hydrogen are heavier than the air. The natural gas will burn if meeting the fire.
Methane is with no color or odor and no harmful to peoples. Nevertheless, if the
methane is too thick in the air, which makes oxygen contents reduced, people will be
suffocated. If the methane content is up to 25%-30%, people will feel headache, dizzy,
and scatterbrained, etc. People will be suffocated under high concentration methane.
Heavy hydrocarbon has poisonous effect on peoples brain and nervous system.
Because heavy hydrocarbon over the ethane is heavier than the air, natural gas
equipment is not allowed to be constructed under the basement or semi-basement.
Pressure regulating station laid inside the house is used to prevent natural gas leaking,
so ventilation facilities shall be constructed. Usually adopt natural ventilation ways by
opening the windows and avoiding dead ventilation positions. Construct garret
window and ventilator On the top of the roof,
When the natural ventilation is not up to standard, mechanical ventilation shall be use.
And the ventilation volume shall be in accordance the following 2 requirements:
1. According to ventilation design requirement in 8.3.4 of GB50251-1994 for

production structure and auxiliary production structure inside the gas transmission
station: all harmful gas concentration inside the structure shall be in accordance
regulation in GBZ1; in addition, the gas concentration shall be no higher than 20% of
up explosion limit. Methane is the main part of the natural gas, which usually
accounts for more than 90%, or even 99%. The down explosion limit for the methane
is 5%. Therefore, the ventilation volume shall be able to ensure that volume
concentration of the natural gas shall be no more than 1% in the room air.
2. When the regulating station for natural gas is operating, air change rate shall be
no less than 8 times per hour, which is regulated in reference to standards on gas
compressor house in 8.3.4.3 of GB50251-1994. Ventilation volume for emergency
ventilation is regulated in 8.3.5 of GB50251-1994: when the emergency state is not
easy to be ascertained, the ventilation volume for emergency ventilation is no less
than 8 times of the room cubage per hour; emergency ventilation shall be done by
normal ventilation system and emergency ventilation system. Therefore, this article
regulates that air change times shall be 8 times per hour in the natural gas pressure
regulating station. When natural gas pressure regulating station is not operating, air
change times shall be no less than 3 times per hour, which is regulated in reference to
5.6.10 of GB50028-1993 urban natural gas design specifications. As for ventilation
times for pressure regulating station on the ground, there are many different
regulations: Beijing has initially regulated 6 times/hour, however, in the winter,
heating load is too big due to large area of ventilation, so the times has change to 3
times/hour at last; Shanghai regulating station on the ground has initially regulated 2
times/hour, however former Soviet Union Building Rules (1997 version) has
regulated 3 times/hour, so this article regulates that ventilation times for pressure
regulating station on the ground shall be no less than 3 times/hour when it is not
operating.
When using the mechanical ventilation, the ventilation opening shall be constructed
on the highest point in the room. The ventilating fan and motor and switches for the
fan shall be explosion proof and static proof. The motor and ventilator shall be
directly connected. Room air shall not recycle, the ventilating system shall operate all
the year, and at least 2 ventilators shall be used.
17.3.4 This article is regulated according to 5.6.5 of GB50028-1993 urban natural

gas design specifications: test and monitoring instrument for flammable gas
concentration, sound and light alarming devices. These devices shall be interlocked
with ventilation facilities, gas inlet valve and gas outlet valve.
17.3.5 The heating system shall use hot water cycle way according to Clause 2 of
Article 5.6.11 of GB50028-1993 urban natural gas design specifications; in
consideration to difficult heating, 5.6.11 of GB50028-1993 urban natural gas design
specifications has regulated that heating system for natural pressure regulating station
can use heating ways such as gas or electrical boiler, etc.
17.3.6 Main parts of natural gas is methane, nitrogen gas, ethane, propane, butane,
sulfureted hydrogen, etc, which have corrosive action on the heating equipment,
ventilating equipment, pipes and their auxiliary parts. Therefore, anti-corrosion
Common anti-corrosion measures are: choose corrosion bearable equipment, pipes
and their auxiliary parts; apply additional corrosion bearable course on the pipes and
their auxiliary parts.
17.3.7 Startup boiler for the gas turbine shall be readypackage. If the fuel is natural
gas, the room ventilation design shall refer to 17.2 on gas turbine factory building; if
the fuel is oil, the room ventilation design shall refer to 17.3.1 on fuel pump room.
18 Environmental Protections
18.1.1 Environmental protections shall be strictly subject to laws and policies. In the
gas-steam combined cycle power plant, environmental impact assessment and
environmental engineering design shall implement environmental protection laws,
rules and standards released by state, local executive authorities, and related
regulations of the power industry.
18.1.2 Brief analysis of environment impact shall briefly state the environment
impact possibly caused by established project according to related materials such as
project character, plant scale, plant site, environmental state, etc. In addition, the
feasible or recommended conclusions on the plant site shall be made according to
environment effect degree. Environmental impact assessment institution shall have
the qualification certificate for assessing environmental impact of the project
construction. In addition, the assessment work shall be carried out according to the
project scale, environmental state of the construction site, degree of hazard on the
environment. Furthermore, the institution shall compile environment impact report.
Compiled outline on the assessment shall be approved by the environmental
department before formal assessment.
The project initial design shall be composed of sections and chapters on

environmental protection, and shall put forward specific plans to implement
environmental protection measures regulated by environment impact report and
approvals.
18.1.3 The ways of atmospheric and aquatic environment assessment, monitor on

background concentration of the pollutants, collection of the meteorologic data on the
pollutants, etc. shall be performed subject to GB and industrial standard.
As for atmospheric pollutant of the gas turbine power plant, only sulfur dioxide nitric
oxides shall be accounted according to GB l3223.
Current aquatic environment assessment shall adopt single standard value comparison
method in order to take treatment measures according to the factor which has been
exceeded the standard value.
If the gas turbine power plant adopts aftercooling way, the warm drainage usually
adopt two-dimensional mathematical model to forecast warm drainages range and
degree.
Major regulations and analysis method to be performed for assessing and forecasting
the current environment and environmental impact are as follows:
HJ/T2.1~2.3 technical guidance for assessing environment impact
GB/T13201 technical method for establishing standards for discharge of atmospheric
pollutants
DLGJl02 regulations on the environmental protection design of the thermal power plant
HJ/T 13 compilation criterion on thermal power plant project environmental impact
report
GB/T3839 establishment engineering philosophy and ways for local aquatic pollutant
standards for discharge
The monitor and analysis ways for water quality shall be performed subject to Table 4
(elementary item analysis ways on surface water environmental quality standard)
GHZB1-1999 surface water environmental quality standard.
18.1.4 The regulation is established to ensure labor safety and industrial hygiene
during treating the exhaust gas, waster water, and to avoid unilaterally seeking
emission up to standard by using some harmful medicines which may cause
hazardous gas escaped, or affect surrounding environment and human health.
18.1.5 During designing the power plant, the plant side greening and whole project
construction shall be cooperated with each other.

18.2.1 As for items, which have not regulated in atmospheric pollutant discharge
standards, but regulated in local discharge standards set by province, municipality and
municipality directly under the Central Government, or items regulated by the local
regulations are more strict than the state ones, they shall be subject to local discharge
standards.
18.2.2 The stack height of the power plant shall be ascertained according to GBl3223
& GB/T13201 technical method for establishing standards for discharge of
atmospheric pollutants. The stack height under simple cycle (i.e. bypass stack height),
and the stack height of combined cycle generator unit (i.e. the boilers stack height)
shall be ascertained according to actual discharge capacity and glue gas characters of
the gas turbine. Therefore, discharge of NOx & SO2 from the power plant will be up to
discharge standard and environmental quality standard.
18.2.3 Nitric oxides discharged by the gas turbine is connected with nitrogen content
of the fuel, combustion temperature and oxygen content during combustion, of which
combustion temperature is closely connected with oxygen content during combustion
and discharged nitric oxides amount. However, currently, it is difficult to figure out
the oxygen discharge amount, because it can only be calculated according to similar
generator unit or estimated referring to calculation ways of the NO x discharge amount
of environmental statistics manual.
The NOx discharged by the gas turbine is made from fuel nitric oxides and
temperature nitric oxides, so nitric oxides can be controlled by way of improving the
combustion technologies and equipment, etc. Now, wet way and dry way can be used
to control NOx discharge. The wet way means spraying desalination water or steam
into combustion chamber, which can reduce nitric oxides from 300mg/kg to 65mg/kg,
42mg/kg or even lower; the dry way means utilizing lean oil, and combustion
technologies such as air recirculation, etc, and improved combustion equipment such
as multi-injector, which can reduce nitric oxides under 30mg/kg.

18.3.1 Fuel for the gas turbine includes light diesel fuel, heavy oil or base oil. The gas
turbine has a very high requirement on fuel quality, and the light diesel fuel (0 #) can
basically meet the quality, so preliminary treatment will be unnecessary; however, the
heavy oil (base oil) shall be treated by the salt water to get rid of sodion and
potassium from the heavy oil; meanwhile, it will produce oily waste water.
Because the oil treatment equipment (Now, most plants adopt the centrifugal type oil
treatment system) has primarily treated the waster water, and the oil content is usually
about 5mg/L, and maximum is 1000mg/L (in the initial start period). Then the waster
water will be discharged into sewerage station, and effluent treatment plant will treat
it by way of . Oil content of the sewage will be up to l0mg/L; or collect
the oily waster water from the oil treatment room, and then transport them to qualified
sewage treatment agency for collection treatment.
Cleaning of gas compressor and blades of the gas turbine usually need long period,
and waster water from every cleaning is not too much, but COD content of the
wastewater is very high, which is mainly produced by surface active agent in the
cleaning agent. Therefore, the drainage shall use storage pool to collect the waster
water (long time placement has the natural degradation function to a certain amount)
for oxidtion treatment; or it can be treated together with chemical waster water by
batches.
18.3.2 Recirculated cooling water drainage shall be the same as that of conventional
thermal power plant, and measures shall be taken to prevent warm drainages
affection.
18.4 Prevention and Treatment of noise

18.4.1 This article confirms that environmental impact from gas turbines noise shall
be in accordance with existing industrial noise standards. According to PRC
environmental noise pollution control ways, any urban environmental noises shall be
in accordance with GB3096. Noise produced by the power plant shall be in
accordance with GBI2348.
18.4.2 Engineering noises are usually controlled through treating the noise source and
the transmission route. The noise source shall be controlled in accordance with state
product noise standards. If there is no state product noise standard, it can refer to the
standard of the gas turbine manufactorys country.
If the production noise can not be controlled from the noise source, the production
equipment shall be equipped with soundproof cover, muffler (it can be installed
around the stack outlet of the boiler or around gas or steam outlet valve), and apply
sound absorption material inside the building, etc.
18.4.3 If the gas turbine and its ventilating equipment are open to environment
directly, the exhaust noise is usually between 100dB(A)-125dB(A) according to
research and investment on several power plant. Therefore, it is necessary to install
muffler around the ventilating equipment.
18.5 Environmental protection monitor and management
The objective of environmental protection and monitor on the gas turbine power plant
is to monitor external environment of the plant, supervise and mange industrial
pollution source. Base on characters of the plant such as few fixed personnel, simple
equipment and system, this article regulates that environmental protection and
management agency can be managed by the plant in a uniform way; environmental
monitor work shall be carried out according to Power Plan NO (1996)280
environmental monitor and management regulations on thermal power plant or
entrusting power detecting and research institute (station) or local environmental
monitoring station at fixed time. Furthermore, the environmental monitoring shall be
incorporated with daily managements.

19.0.1 Improving labor conditions and protecting safety & health of labors during
production process is one of important state policies. For that, the country has
continuously established and released many related laws, regulations, standards and
specifications which shall be abided by when designing the power plant to improve
labor conditions fundamentally.
19.0.2 The turbine buildings, oil discharge area, oil tank area, oil treatment area, gas
pressure regulating station, etc. of the power plant are centered by inflammable
sources. In order to control the fire accident within a certain range, hold the fire
expanding, and evacuate personnel from the accident site within the shortest time, the
power plant design drawing shall take according protective measures, implement
regulations of associate standards & specifications according to different requirement.
19.0.3, 19.0.4 Some existing specifications and regulations to be abided by are listed
according to amended specifications and regulations in recent years.
19.0.7 Put forward some specific requirements on protective measures design
according to related state regulations to ensure operators and repairers safety, prevent
them from accidents such as fall down, falling injury, etc, and create liable conditions
for safe operation.
19.0.8 GBZ1 has made specified regulations on the acceptable concentration of all
types of harmful substance in the workshop air.
19.0.10 Gas turbine, generator, steam turbine, feed pump, etc can make lots of noises;
the boiler can make noise, too. Therefore, effective measures such as noise insulation,
noise elimination, sound absorption, etc to keep the noise within regulated standard
when designing the power plant.
Power equipment of the power plant can revolve very quickly. In order to prevent
hazard of vibration, the equipment base shall be with vibration elimination and
vibration insulation measures to effectively weaken or cancel the vibration.
19.0.11 The system for gas turbine power plant is simpler than that for conventional
power plant. Furthermore, gas turbine power plant needs less auxiliary equipment.
However, it has high automation and need less workers. Some managements (such as
fire department, hospitals) can be amalgamated or controlled to take advantage of
local facilities, and to reduce the personnel numbers and improve efficiency.
20 Fire Protection
20.1.3 If a certain amount of fire engines of the local fire control department can
arrive in or near the new plant or the old power plant (central plant) within 5 minutes,
cooperated and combined fire control way shall be considered firstly.
As for gas turbine power plant fuelled by the oil, the fire engine numbers shall be
ascertained according to reserve fuel quantity. 15d fuel (heavy oil) for 100MW gas
turbine is about 11368m3-13263m3. According to this convert, relation between the
total capacity of the generator unit and fire engines number is approximately as
follows: 1 fire engine for the generator unit under 150MW, 2 fire engines for the
generator unit between 160MW and 300MW, no less than 2 fire engines for the
generator unit above 300MW.
As for gas turbine power plant fuelled by natural gas, the fire engine numbers shall be
ascertained in reference to GB50229.
20.2 Fire protection for gas turbine equipment

Gas turbine equipment use natural gas or oil as fuel, and the fuel consumption is very
large. In addition, the natural gas or oil are inflammable gas and liquid respectively,
and with diffusivity, fluidity and easy to be expanded after firing.
20.2.1 According to the investigation, all existing gas turbine power plants use total
flooding gas fire-fighting system, and most of power plants adopt CO 2 fire-fighting
system (most small plants use high pressure CO 2 extinguishing system, while some
big plants use low pressure CO2 extinguishing system).
20.2.2 Main content of natural gas is methane. Lower explosion limit of methane is
5%, and upper limit is 15% (concentration by volume). Therefore, concentration by
volume of indoor flammable gas shall be lower than the limit. Alarm when the
concentration is near the limit.
20.2.3 According to the investigation, in domestic existing gas turbine power plant, all
self-fire control functions are supported and supplied by principal machine.
__________________________

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ICS 27.

Design Rule for Combined-cycle Power Plants

Issued on Jan. 9, 2003 Effective on June 1, 2003

Appendix A in the standard is a normative appendix.

GB 150 Steel Pressure Ships

5.1 General requirements

5.2 Plant area exterior planning

Overhead power lines and Grade 1 overhead communication

lines of 35kV and above parallel to the pipelines m

PN 2.5 DN < 200 15 5 5 5 3 10 8 5

Figure 5.2.11 Length of single berth

Table 5.2.11 Surplus Length d of Seaport Wharfs (m)

End berth: Lb = L + 1.5d

Figure 5.2.12 Length of multi-berths arranged in series

Table 5.2.15 Grade of Industrial Enterprise Railways Mt

5.3 Plant area planning

Gas turbines (rooms), heat recovery boilers

Artificial draft cooling towers

Outdoor coal loaders or coal-storage yards

Roads outside plants (roadside)

Natural air cooling towers

Hydrogen supply stations

Table 5.3.9 Fire Break between Types A, B, C Liquid Storage Tanks

Table 5.3.17-2 Minimum Horizontal Clear Distance between the Underground

Table 5.3.17-3 Minimum Horizontal Clear Distance between the Overhead

6.1 General requirements

6.1.3 The possibility of expanding shall be taken into consideration in accordance

6.2 Modes of layout

The possibility of expanding into combined-cycle shall be taken into account in

6.3 Layout of gas turbines and auxiliary equipment

6.4 Layout of heat recovery boilers and auxiliary equipment

6.5 Layout of turbines

6.6 Control room

6.7 Maintenance and overhaul

When generator sets are arranged longitudinally-linearly, it is advisable to arrange an

7.1 Fuel and fuel treatment

7.1.2 Oil unloading system and facilities:

7.1.3 Oil storage system and facilities

7.1.4 Oil treatment system

7.1.5 Fuel oil front system

7.1.5 Dirty oil and oily sewage treatment

7.2 Natural gas system and equipment

The type selection of boosters shall be determined through comprehensive

It is advisable to adopt electric motor drive mode for boosters.

7.2.5 Auxiliary facilities and other design requirements

8.1 Gas turbine equipment

8.2.1 Air intake system

8.2.2 Gas turbine cooling water system

8.2.3 Cleaning system of gas turbine

8.2.4 Water injecting and steam injecting systems of gas turbine

8.2.5 Blowdown system of gas turbine

9.1 Heat recovery boiler equipment

9.2 Fume system

(2) It is advisable to install a bypass smokestack on the straight reach of a flue so as to

9.3 Water supply system

9.3.3 Number and capacity of deaerators and feed tanks

9.4 Blowdown and steam exhaust system

10.1 Steam turbine equipment

10.2 System and auxiliary equipment

10.2.2 Reheating steam system

10.2.3 Steam bypass system

10.2.4 Condensation water system

10.2.5 Condenser equipment