Experiment No: 1A

DATE: ___/___/_____

SECOND ORDER LOW PASS

FILTER.

AIM: Design a second order Butterworth active low pass filter Conduct an experiment to
draw frequency
response and verify the roll off factor.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED:
Name Description Quantity

Op-amp A-741 1
Resistors 10K 2
15K 2
Capacitors 0.01F 2
Dual mode DC power supply 0 -30V 1
CRO - 1

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

DESIGN:

Assume Pass band gain AV = 2, For a LPF cut off frequency.

Cutoff frequency FH = 1k Hz FH =1/2*Ra*Ca
Av =1+ Rf/R3 Assume C1 =C2= 0.01F
Assume R3 =10 K Ra = 1/2*FHC1
Av 1 =Rf/R3 Ra = 15.9K
1*R1 =Rf Choose Ra = 16K.
 Rf = 10K .
Choose Rf = 10K.

PROCEDURE:

1. Rig up the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram.

2. Apply a sine wave I/P of 2Vp-p & frequency of 1 KHz.
3. Keeping the I/P constant, vary the frequency in steps & note down the corresponding O/P
voltage.
4. Check for the gain at the cutoff frequency.
5. Draw the frequency response on the semi log graph & calculate the gain, FH & roll off factor
from the graph & compare the same with theoretical values.
6. To find the Roll-off factor
Keeping the input signal amplitude constant, adjust the input frequency at 10f C.
Note down the output signal amplitude. The difference in the gain of the filter at f C
and 10fC gives the Roll-of factor.

TABULAR COLUMN:

Vin =____volts.

I/P O/P Voltage VO(P-P) Gain Gain magnitude in

frequency in (volts) magnitude DB
Hz (Vo/Vi) Av =20log(Vo/Vi)
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1K
2K
3K
4K
5K
6K
7K
8K
9K
10K
20K
30K
40K
50K
60K
 70K
80K
90K
100K

EXPECTED GRAPH:

RESULT:

Theoretical Practical

FH = 1KHz FH =_____ Hz

Av = 2 Av = _____

ROF = -40dB/decade ROF =____ dB/decade.

CONCLUSION:

A low pass filter has constant gain from 100Hz to 1KHz. Thus time low pass filter
passes only lower frequency range. a second order low pass filter is set up and values are
calculated.
 ____
______________
 Staff
Incharge

Experiment No: 1B
DATE: ___/___/_____

SECOND ORDER HIGH PASS

FILTER.

AIM: Design a second order Butterworth active high pass filter Conduct an experiment to draw
frequency response and verify the roll off factor.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED:
Name Description Quantity

Op-amp A-741 1
Resistors 10K 2
15K 2
Capacitors 0.01F 2
Dual mode DC power supply 0 -30V 1
CRO - 1

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

DESIGN:

Assume Pass band gain AV = 2, For a LPF cut off frequency.

Cutoff frequency FL = 1k Hz FL =1/2*Ra*Ca
Av =1+ Rf/R3 Assume C1 =C2= 0.01F
Assume R3 =10 K Ra = 1/2*FHC1
Av 1 =Rf/R3 Ra = 15.9K
1*R1 =Rf Choose Ra = 16K.
Rf = 10K .
Choose Rf = 10K.
PROCEDURE:

1. Rig up the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram.

2. Apply a sine wave I/P of 2Vp-p & frequency of 1 KHz.
3. Keeping the I/P constant, vary the frequency in steps & note down the corresponding O/P
voltage.
4. Check for the gain at the cutoff frequency.
5. Draw the frequency response on the semi log graph & calculate the gain, FL & roll off factor
from the graph & compare the same with theoretical values.
6. To find the Roll-off factor
Keeping the input signal amplitude constant, adjust the input frequency at 10f C. Note
down the output signal amplitude. The difference in the gain of the filter at f C and
10fC gives the Roll-of factor.

TABULAR COLUMN:

Vin =____volts.

I/P O/P Voltage VO(P-P) Gain Gain magnitude in

frequency in (volts) magnitude DB
Hz (Vo/Vi) Av =20log(Vo/Vi)
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1K
2K
3K
4K
5K
6K
7K
8K
9K
10K
20K
30K
40K
50K
60K
 70K
80K
90K
100K

EXPECTED GRAPH:

RESULT:

Theoretical Practical

FL = 1KHz F L =_____ Hz

Av = 2 Av = _____

ROF = -40dB/decade ROF =____ dB/decade.

CONCLUSION:

Second order high pass filter has been designed with FL=1KHz and pass band gain of 2.
.
 ____
______________
Staff
Incharge