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CIVL6935 Surface Water Hydrology

Chapter 9
Reservoir and Streamflow Routing

Ahmad Sana
Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering
Sultan Qaboos University
Sultanate of Oman
sana@squ.edu.om

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Lumped Flow Routing

dS
I (t ) Q(t ) Continuity Equation
dt
dI d I
2
dQ d 2Q

S f I , , 2 , , Q, , 2 , Storage function
dt dt dt dt

for Level Pool Routing or

Reservoir Routing

S f Q

Level Pool Routing

dS I (t ) dt Q (t ) dt
S j 1 ( j 1) t ( j 1) t

dS I (t )dt Q(t )dt

Sj jt jt
j 1,2,3,.........

I j I j 1 Q j Q j 1
S j 1 S j t t
2 2
2 S j 1 2S
Q j 1 I j I j 1 j Q j
t t
2 S j 1 2S
Q j 1 j 1 Q j 1 2Q j 1
t t

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EXAMPLE 9.2.1

Consider a 2-ac stormwater detention basin with vertical walls. The

triangular inflow hydrograph increases linearly from zero to a peak
of 60 cfs at 60 min and then decreases linearly to a zero discharge
at 180 min. Route the inflow hydrograph through the detention
basin using the head-discharge relationship for the 5-ft diameter
pipe spillway in columns (1) and (2) of Table 9.2.1. The pipe is
located at the bottom of the basin. Assuming the basin is initially
empty, use the level pool routing procedure with a 10-min time
interval to determine the maximum depth in the detention basin.

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Hydrologic River Routing (Muskingum Method)

Prism and Wedge storage

Muskingum method
S K XI (1 X )Q

S j K XI j (1 X )Q j

S j 1 K XI j 1 (1 X )Q j 1

S j 1 S j K XI j 1 (1 X )Q j 1 K XI j (1 X )Q j

Q j 1 C1 I j 1 C2 I j C3Q j
t 2 KX t 2 KX 2 K (1 X ) t
C1 C2 C1
2 K (1 X ) t 2 K (1 X ) t 2 K (1 X ) t
10

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Muskingum method
Given: Inflow, Initial outflow, K and X.
Determine: Outflow
1. Calculate C1, C2 and C3.
2. Check if C1+ C2+C3 =1
3. Calculate all Q values one by one.
US Army Corps of Engineers recommends number of
routing reaches Nsteps from the following:

1 K 1

2(1 X ) N steps t 2 X

Example 9.3.1 Determination of storage coefficients, K and X

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Example 9.3.2 Flood routing using Muskingum method

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Hydraulic (Distributed) Routing

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