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First published 2013
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IPEC
Eliminating child labour in the tourism sector in mountainous ethnic minority areas: documen-
tation of potential intervention model in Sa Pa District, Lao Cai Province
International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC), ILO Country Office for
Viet Nam. - Hanoi: ILO, 2014
International Labour Office; ILO International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour,
ILO Country Office for Viet Nam
This publication was elaborated and coordinated by IPEC team in Hanoi office and
the Bureau for Protection and Care of Children, Ministry of Labour, Invalids and
Social Affairs of Viet Nam.
Funding for this ILO publication was provided by the Spanish Agency for
International Development Cooperation (Project VIE/08/06/SPA).
This publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Spanish
Agency for International Development Cooperation, nor does mention of trade
names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the
Government of Spain
INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME ON THE ELIMINATION OF CHILD LABOUR
Prevention and Elimination of Child Labour in the Tourism Sector in Mountainous Ethnic Minority Areas III
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org/publns.
Contents
1. General introduction...............................................................5
1.1 Situation of child labour in the project sites...................................... 5
1.2 Objectives of the Action Programme in Sa Pa................................. 6
1.3 Beneficiaries.................................................................................... 6
6. Lessons learnt.......................................................................23
7. Sustainability.........................................................................25
INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME ON THE ELIMINATION OF CHILD LABOUR
Prevention and Elimination of Child Labour in the Tourism Sector in Mountainous Ethnic Minority Areas V
AP Action Programme
WU Womens Union
INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME ON THE ELIMINATION OF CHILD LABOUR
X Prevention and Elimination of Child Labour in the Tourism Sector in Mountainous Ethnic Minority Areas
Foreword
The project Support the Development and Implementation of the Programme on the Elimination of
the Worst Forms of Child Labour operated nationwide in Viet Nam during 2009-2013 and was funded
by the Spanish Cooperation and Development Agency and implemented by the International Labour
Organization (ILO) and International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC).
One of the projects key objectives is to develop, implement, evaluate and document effective interven-
tion models to eliminate child labour in its worst forms in selected provinces, to draw lessons and rep-
licate effective models. Further to these objectives the project piloted a number of intervention models
by developing and implementing Action Programmes (APs) in five cities/provinces, Dong Nai, Ha Noi,
Lao Cai, Ninh Binh and Quang Nam. The APs were implemented from July 2011 to September 2013
and encompassed a wide range of activities, including awareness raising and capacity building, educa-
tion and vocational training, improving working conditions and occupational safety and health as well as
support of household livelihoods to prevent and eliminate child labour, especially in its worst forms. AP
experiences have been recorded and summarized in the three potential intervention models as follows:
Potential intervention model for the prevention and elimination of child labour in traditional stone
carving and wood art craft villages (Hien Giang commune, Thuong Tin district, Ha Noi)
Potential intervention model for the prevention and elimination of child labour in tourism in moun-
tainous and ethnic minority areas (Sa Pa district, Lao Cai province)
Potential intervention model for the prevention and elimination of child labour in agriculture and
fisheries in fishing villages (Ma Da commune, Vinh Cuu district, Dong Nai province).
These potential intervention models were presented at a project workshop in August 2013 in Nha
Trang city to share experiences with almost 200 representatives of government agencies at central,
provincial, district and commune levels who are project partners. These models have also been ap-
praised at AP closing workshops at each of their respective provinces. These potential intervention
models have also been presented at a consultation workshop to develop the National Programme of
Action on the Elimination of Child Labour in its Worst Forms, with the participation of central and pro-
vincial government agency representatives from 12 provinces.
We would like to express our special thanks for the guidance and support of the Bureau for Protection
and Care of Children, the Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs (MOLISA), the Provincial
Peoples Committees (PPC) where the project was implemented, the coordination of the provincial
Departments of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs (DOLISA) of Lao Cai, Dong Nai and Ha Noi, the
active participation and cooperation of involved agencies, including the Departments of Education
and Training as well as Tourism, the Viet Nam Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Viet Nam General
Confederation of Labour, Viet Nam Cooperative Alliance and non-governmental organizations (NGOs),
including the Hoa Sua Tourism Vocational Training School and Viet Nam Rural Industries Research
and Development Institute (VIRI) without whom the success of these potential intervention models
would not have been possible. The active participation of these organizations in the final self-evaluation
process to document these intervention models in a comprehensive and objective manner reflects the
consistency of the projects strategy and approach throughout the APs implementation.
Special thanks also goes to Dr. Tran Thi Minh Thi, Institute of Sociology, Viet Nam Academy of Social
Sciences for her efforts, in collaboration with the ILO-IPEC project in Ha Noi and involved agencies, to
complete the documentation of these potential intervention models.
INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME ON THE ELIMINATION OF CHILD LABOUR
Prevention and Elimination of Child Labour in the Tourism Sector in Mountainous Ethnic Minority Areas 1
1. General introduction
INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME ON THE ELIMINATION OF CHILD LABOUR
2 Prevention and Elimination of Child Labour in the Tourism Sector in Mountainous Ethnic Minority Areas
The project Support the Development and with exotic species of fauna and flora set
Implementation of the Programme on the in a cool, moderate climate. The tourist
Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child sectors development has brought numerous
Labour operated nationwide in Viet Nam economic benefits with new jobs and
during 2009-2013 and was funded by the businesses. However, tourism has also
Spanish Cooperation and Development brought negative side effects with threats
Agency and implemented by ILO-IPEC. to the environment and the areas unique
cultural traditions, as well as some social
One of the projects basic objectives was to consequences such as child labour in
develop and implement an intervention model tourism.
to reduce the worst forms of child labour in
project provinces and use these lessons to Lao Chai and San Sa Ho communes (Sa
develop and duplicate a model that offers Pa district) had 538 children working in
education, vocational training, occupational hazardous work, accounting for 21.8 per
safety and health (OSH) components as cent of the total children aged 5-17 living
well as income generation opportunities for in the areas, with girls comprising 10.3 per
families with children in hazardous labour. cent (ILSSA, beneficiary baseline survey
2011). The common types of work children
Lao Chai and San Sa Ho communes, engaged in included street vending, working
and Sa Pa township in Lao Cai provinces as attendants in restaurants, hotels, and
Sa Pa district were the project sites that karaokes as well as tourist porters and
implemented interventions to reduce guides. Many of the surveyed children
child labour in tourism and heavy and started working at a very young age, with
dangerous works, through the support of the majority of surveyed children (66.54 per
education, vocational training and livelihoods cent) in the 5-14 age group and children
development to increase income for families aged 12-14 accounting for 44.24 per cent.
whose children participate in such work to
reduce the worst forms of child labour in
these project areas.
1) P
revention of children dropping out F
amilies with children engaged in child
of school into child labour through labour, children having dropped out of
awareness and capacity building for school or those at risk of child labour/
local government authorities, employers dropping out of school.
and employees, the media, labour
inspectors, teachers, mass organizations O
fficials/staff of local government
as well as working with at-risk children agencies, tourism sector, education
and their families. sector, market management, community
tour points, mass organizations, general
2) P
revention and elimination/withdrawal community and mass media.
of child labour from hazardous work,
especially tourism services work through O
wners of local tourism enterprises.
direct interventions focused at children
and their families (i.e. education and
social protection services). Indirect beneficiaries
3) P
revention and elimination of child The AP indirectly influenced colleagues
labour, especially street vending children of staff directly trained in local government
through improving the management and agencies, schools, mass organizations,
organization of tourism service activities tour companies and enterprises, which
in Sa Pa district. subsequently contributed to social
awareness changes in child rights and
labour.
1.3 Beneficiaries Through
advocacy and awareness
raising initiatives, the AP potentially
Direct beneficiaries reached thousands of families in the
province and their children who were
B
oys and girls, under 18 years old, engaged in, or at risk of, the worst forms
engaged in child labour or at risk of child of child labour.
labour in tourism service activities and
other hazardous work in Lao Chai and The AP also indirectly influenced local
San Sa Ho communes, Sa Pa township people in communities who benefited
from increased social awareness of child
labour, gender equality and economic
INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME ON THE ELIMINATION OF CHILD LABOUR
Prevention and Elimination of Child Labour in the Tourism Sector in Mountainous Ethnic Minority Areas 5
3) P
revention, reduction and elimination of
child labour, especially street vending
children through improvements in the
management of tourism. This was
implemented through close cooperation
among sectors and NGOs sharing
common interests and objectives with
the AP in Sa Pa.
June from 2010. This direct and indirect to seek support from relevant local
communication was integrated into authorities and/or organizations when
community cultural activities with the in need of help, such as cases of
participation of numerous departments mental or physical abuse. Methods of
and organizations from municipal awareness raising for these children
to village/commune levels and the were diversified and flexible, such as
participation of children. These activities counselling meetings, folk games, mini
included: game shows, painting competitions and
other entertainment events for children.
For schooling children, the education
and labour sectors worked together Use of commune loud speakers to
to organize advocacy and awareness deliver AP messages, with hundreds of
raising on childrens rights, child people able to access AP messages via
labour, national and international child this media channel.
labour, news, stories and/or reports
regarding street vendors and child The advocacy and public awareness
tour guides. These events were held raising campaigns were carried out
at Lao Chai elementary school, San through different channels such as
Sa Ho secondary school, Sa Pa town village, commune and teacher meetings,
elementary school, peoples committees community games, mass media and
of San Sa Ho and Lao Chai communes communal communication activities.
using the SCREAM approach to engage
2,250 children, adults and tourists. Mass organizations, such as the WU,
played a positive part in advocacy,
For child street vendors, tour guides
awareness raising and capacity
and other at risk/working children, there building to attract women members
were awareness raising activities on to join the activities and link the AP
childrens rights, the value of education, with other ongoing WU strategies and
the impact and consequences of child interventions. For instance, the WUs
labour, life skills issues and channels of Sa Pa town and the two communes
INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME ON THE ELIMINATION OF CHILD LABOUR
14 Prevention and Elimination of Child Labour in the Tourism Sector in Mountainous Ethnic Minority Areas
with three ethnic minority languages Hmong, At the time of the APs implementation, the
Khmer and Jrai. This model is designed to MOET was undertaking research in Lao
build a sustainable policy and appropriate Chai commune. Thus, the AP collaborated
bilingual education, with practical guidelines with MOET, UNICEF and the local education
for successful deployment to the end of 2015 sector to integrate resources in Lao Chai and
based on the results of this research project. more comprehensively develop the practice
models scope and range of the support to
San Sa Ho commune. This was implemented
with technical and financial support from Lao
Cais DOET and Sa Pa districts education
unit, with the mobilization of MOET experts
with the following activities:
Hoa Sua Vocational Schools Sa Pa branch Hoa Sua Vocational School and ILO to
is its student practice area, where students agree on the vocational courses contents,
after theory lectures in Ha Noi practice with objectives, time frame, number of trainees,
guidance from schools teachers. Because job placement plan, budget contributions
of professionalism of the curriculum, and mobilization. After this meeting,
teaching and practice guidelines, nearly curricula for each course and detailed
100 per cent of Hoa Sua school students plans were developed, with budgeting to
moved onto good jobs with stable salaries organize training courses (six months per
after graduation. As a result, Hoa Sua course) and financial contributions from
Vocational School was selected for AP the AP, DOLISA (from Programme 1959)
vocational training and job placements. and Hoa Suas contribution (dormitory
for all trainees, uniforms, teaching and
Hoa Sua Vocational School in collaboration practice facilities).
with the DOLISA Training Division, district
labour sector and CPCs of Lao Chai and Two basic training courses of six classes
San Sa Ho communes visited children to were organized for 45 trainees, mostly
introduce them to vocational programmes Hmong children from 1 April 2012 to 30
and post-graduation job prospects. At the June 2013 with three training courses in
same time, the school also provided school Asian cuisine cooking, bakery skills and
requirements for students and support to waiting staff training. In these classes, Hoa
allow for registration and enrollment. The Sua taught basic occupational skills and
results of the consultations showed that grouped students according to cognitive,
45 children met apprentice conditions, trained communications and life skills
including age (14 years and older) and a along with foreign language ability.
minimum level of education for vocational
training (minimum of secondary level). After theoretical lectures, trainees were sent
to tourist companies in Sa Pa to put their
Based on the number of registered training into action.
students, a meeting was held with
participation from DOLISA, district labour,
INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME ON THE ELIMINATION OF CHILD LABOUR
18 Prevention and Elimination of Child Labour in the Tourism Sector in Mountainous Ethnic Minority Areas
d. Promotion of livelihood P
romotion of economic development:
With the support of DOLISA, VIRI
strategies for childrens families collaborated with the district labour
sector and WU to provide consultations
The AP promoted family livelihoods with each profiled target group family to
strategies as a contributing factor to directly obtain information about employment,
improving childrens family living standards livelihoods and income, capital and
and indirectly remove children from capacity of capital development and
hazardous work. If parents have sustainable support needs to evaluate each familys
employment and income, children will not be livestock, farming, and craft production
pressured into working and can go to school capacity. Based on these consultations,
and enjoy their rights. discussions among related agencies
identified suitable livelihood strategies
The results of consultations with profiled for each family. Plans were developed
households revealed sensitive livelihoods and implemented via livelihood groups
issues, such as the desire to borrow money encompassing handmade brocades,
from banks for livestock, farming or weaving planting cardamoms, aromatic candles,
and handicrafts. However, many lacked bath medicine and oils, herb perfumes
knowledge and skills to farm and grow high and sweet corn along with home-
yield crops and coped with a high proportion stays to enhance groups quality and
of livestock deaths due to disease or cold professionalism.
weather. They also suffered from poorly
crafted brocades unsuitable for sale to C
apacity building: After registration of
tourists. participation, a team leader was voted
for then income generation activities
Since early 2010 VIRI, a non-profit NGO, took place with programme support.
undertook a preliminary project on tackling Team leaders were trained in group
domestic violence against women to management, conflict resolution,
INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME ON THE ELIMINATION OF CHILD LABOUR
Prevention and Elimination of Child Labour in the Tourism Sector in Mountainous Ethnic Minority Areas 19
accounting and marketing. The group and produce materials and leaflets to
was provided with training production showcase products. They also helped to
techniques, production plans, farming sell products in local areas by accessing
and seeding techniques to learn about fair trade markets, showrooms and
the planting and harvesting of sweet corn shops in Lao Cai. The pilot home-stay
and cardamoms, cardamom essential oil tour model was also improved.
distillation, embroidery, the design and
marketing of textile and manufacturing
products, community tourism skills, input
material accounting and product prices.
V
IRI collaborated with WU to provide
an awareness raising course on child
labour, gender issues in prevention and
elimination of child labour, protection
S
ale promotion in local areas: In addition and child care, childrens rights, early
to technical support, VIRI and other marriage, gender violence and people
related agencies such as WU, Center for trafficking for 120 women and men in the
Tourism Promotion and Vietcraft worked project commune to improve knowledge
together to connect participants with and eliminate gender biases, creating
markets to sell products, Meanwhile, favourable conditions for girls to claim
groups were supported to design their rights and go to school.
INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME ON THE ELIMINATION OF CHILD LABOUR
20 Prevention and Elimination of Child Labour in the Tourism Sector in Mountainous Ethnic Minority Areas
The
local government also issued economic conditions by offering them
regulations prohibiting street vendors. long-term livelihoods.
At the same time, market management
capacity was improved through Improvements in home-stay services by
development of market operation rules, assessing home-stay conditions in Lao
including rules to eliminate vendor sales. Chai and San Sa Ho communes as well
Regulations to prohibit child labour in as local training and support needs. IEC
tourism businesses were implemented materials and training courses developed
with administrative punishments for on tourist services and management for
violations. eight home-stay owners in the project
communes.
Sending places (Lao Chai and San Sa Ho
communes) Coordinated with the Sa Pa Tourist
Information Center to bring community
Set up communal tour points showcasing
tour points into local tourism with
handicrafts production with showrooms package tours to attract tourists.
to sell traditional Dao and Hmong ethnic
minority products. The tour points were Organized community activities such
run by women and youth to prevent as cultural shows and fairs with the
children going to Sa Pa to work as street participation of domestic and foreign
vendors and develop childrens family tourists. In advocacy activities on child
protection, child labour awareness was
raised through communication activities.
INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME ON THE ELIMINATION OF CHILD LABOUR
Prevention and Elimination of Child Labour in the Tourism Sector in Mountainous Ethnic Minority Areas 23
Villages
also developed Village and local government highly evaluated
Development Plans which require this teaching approachs effectiveness
childrens families commitment to child for its obvious advantages in education
labour prevention and punishments for quality and high attendance levels.
dropping out of school.
The proportion of 99 per cent of children
Local government set up tourism patrols
aged 6 enrolled in the elementary school
responsible for monitoring child labour thanks to higher social awareness of
in the district and communes and families and better government support.
ensure children were not involved in Some children still drop school in peak
tourism-related activities such as selling rice harvest and tourist season times.
brocades or working in restaurants. The enrolment rate of secondary to high
school is increasing, but remains low
(25 per cent in school year 2011-2012
and about 50 per cent in the school year
Not only maximizing 2012-2013) due to big distances from
participation and voices of home to high school with insufficient
children, childrens families and transportation means. (Indepth
local staff through consultation interview, Lao Chai Secondary School
Headmaster).
meetings, collective discussions,
problem identification and Action
Programme development, the AP
also developed and implemented
social campaigns with community
pervasive expansion, which
mobilized all communes and
wards in advocacy training and
disseminated social slogans such
as Creating equal development
opportunities for all children and
signed child labour prevention and B oarding classes helped about 215
elimination commitments. secondary school children in Lao
Chai and San Sa Ho commune get
(Staff member, District Labour accommodation for studying, which
greatly contributed to increased
attendance rates and reduced child
labour in these two communes. The
classes are community-supported
4.2 Direct interventions with villagers in communes providing
childrens meals.
The
use of the Hmong language
increased the attractiveness of education
and primary schools because it erased
the language barrier for ethnic minority
students, which resulted in more active
and meaningful learning to reduce risks
of prematurely leaving school in favour
of child labour. Children of bilingual
education programmes were more
confident, had good learning results
and communication skills than those in
regular programmes. Childrens parents
INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME ON THE ELIMINATION OF CHILD LABOUR
26 Prevention and Elimination of Child Labour in the Tourism Sector in Mountainous Ethnic Minority Areas
For
the vocational courses, after labour-using enterprises. This approach
graduation, 40 trainees were issued is also a good model for moving children
vocational certificates and job in hazardous work away to vocational
placements in tourist enterprises in Sa training agencies in localities.
Pa town with stable incomes. In general,
children felt happy and lucky compared Regarding
livelihood activities, 16
with friends at home villages: At home I livelihood groups with 135 participants
have to worry about food and earn money were initially established. All the groups
to help parents. Here I have food to eat, have been self-replicated after training
have a place to sleep, have internet with market linkages (i.e. brocade,
with news and many friends. And more cardamom and candles groups).
importantly, I can learn a career to earn Groups have become active in planning,
my living later. I feel more confident and production and sales to raise family
can easily talk with people. (Female incomes, encourage children to return to
intern, aged 17, Hmong). school and decrease the number of child
street vendors. The family economic
development model has been vigorously
promoted, with the sweet corn group
particularly successful. Handmade
products had good designs and were
successfully linked to markets for
output. Exploration of the local market
and support of local social enterprises
(i.e. Lan Rung, Pho Nui and Sa Pa
View) were well coordinated. All of these
livelihood groups are not dependent on
a single focal point of sale, but instead
had the right to choose.Village solidarity
is strengthened through teamwork and
In a probation period of three months,
sharing. The notion of group work has
a trainee from Hoa Sua employed been formulated as a basis for larger
after graduation may have a starting scale production activities.
salary of around VND2 million per
month with accommodation and meals
provided. The full salary may reach to
VND4 million. According to employers:
Trainees from Hoa Sua School
are honest, skillful, responsible and
hardworking. However, they adhere to
the tradition of early marriage, leading
to some quitting jobs. During the training
programme at Hoa Sua, some trainees,
mostly Hmong girls, quit school to get
getting married before completion of the
course. (Receiving hotel, manager).
Thanks
to all these changes child These
institutional interventions
labour, especially street vending, remarkably improved the public, private
has significantly decreased. After sector, enterprises, local people and
consultations, we, ILO and the tourists general awareness of child
government formulated some livelihood labour issues and created a State
groups, including children just returned management framework to control of
to school who may spend 1-2 hours per street vending, tourist hawking and
day for brocade practicing with their use of child labour in local areas. For
parents. The brocade group in Lao Chai local areas, reduced numbers of early
is quite stable with a good outcome. The working children, declining street
maize, sweet corn and aromatic candle vending children, reduced harassment
groups had stable incomes and provided of tourists, improved service quality to
better conditions for children to study. contribute to the stabilization of the local
(District labour staff). economy. Moreover, these successful
models have a high possibility of
replication.
INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME ON THE ELIMINATION OF CHILD LABOUR
Prevention and Elimination of Child Labour in the Tourism Sector in Mountainous Ethnic Minority Areas 29
6. Lessons learnt
INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME ON THE ELIMINATION OF CHILD LABOUR
32 Prevention and Elimination of Child Labour in the Tourism Sector in Mountainous Ethnic Minority Areas
1.
Local government ownership and A direct solution to ease pressure
9.
leadership in all intervention procedures. on working children is to create a
ILO helped the AP develop and promote sustainable replacement income. Thus,
strong government ownership and childrens economic contributions will
leadership in child labour protection and no longer become necessary. With this
control with interventions via institutional perspective, the social welfare and
settings. The lead agency, which is social security system improvements for
the provincial peoples committee, children and their families was essential.
performed its State management
function in local areas. Lao Cais DOLISA 10.
The AP supported the completion of a
was the AP coordinating agency, which child protection and labour code legal
closely coordinated with the stakeholder. system together with strengthening
the competence and law enforcement
2. Developed a coordination network and capacity of labour inspectors in the
assigned responsibilities to related prevention and protection of children and
agencies for AP implementation. underage workers from the worst forms
of child labour and hazardous work.
3.
Addressed local areas real needs
so all stakeholders were proactively 11.
Robust consent and support from local
involved to contribute resources to the authorities, mass organizations and
programme. the private sector was significant in
accelerating the APs implementation
4.
Integrated the model and priorities into and progress. The commitment and
existing activities in local areas and at support expressed by the implementing
the same time supported these activities agency and collaborating agencies
to ensure sustainability. representatives influenced the APs
outcome. In particular, implementing
5.
Mobilized local and national resources agency staff now have the capacity
to ensure ownership and sustainability to mobilize additional programme
resources through their relationships
6.
Enhanced awareness and capacity as and collaboration with the business
the first foundation towards changes sector and other government agencies.
in knowledge, attitude and behavior of
beneficiaries and society. Linkages between socio-economic plans
12.
have been strengthened in local areas.
The AP was developed based on
7. Sa Pa town has many development
effective consultation with related projects, such as one preserving cultural
agencies. During the implementation heritage, one on economic development
process, the provincial government and local participation to improve
acknowledged its capacity and human socio-cultural values for Dao and
resources to independently develop Hmong people, one on rehabilitation
and implement similar activities and for trafficking and domestic violence
programmes in the future. victims and a project on the prevention
of child and early marriages in Sa Pa
The AP acted to reduce poverty, develop
8. districts ethnic groups. The AP can now
family livelihoods along with the support build on the results of these projects
of children in formal education and and mobilize resources for these
vocational training, health care and interventions. The child labour issue has
gradually move them out of hazardous also been integrated into the political
work. Education and vocational training agenda of local areas socio-economic
were key strategies for combating child development encompassing agriculture,
labour. Overall, a livelihoods promotion education and poverty reduction to fully
strategy for childrens families is crucial mobilize the effectiveness of resources
for the elimination of child labour. and sustainability of the AP. For instance,
bilingual education was developed based
INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME ON THE ELIMINATION OF CHILD LABOUR
Prevention and Elimination of Child Labour in the Tourism Sector in Mountainous Ethnic Minority Areas 33
7. Sustainability
INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME ON THE ELIMINATION OF CHILD LABOUR
Prevention and Elimination of Child Labour in the Tourism Sector in Mountainous Ethnic Minority Areas 35
1. A stable social and political environment on child labour issues and livelihood
was hugely beneficial, with intervention strategy promotion techniques which
activities developed through encourage critical and creative thinking.
consultations and agreements with local
staff, children, childrens families and The AP implementation process will
6.
the tourist enterprises. serve as a basis for the implementing
agency to request follow-up material
2.
Interventions are suitable with national and financial assistance from authorities
objectives and the socio-economic to expand proposed activities.
background of tourist areas. The AP fits Moreover, the AP will provide lessons
in with the overall policies and legislation and experiences to serve as inputs for
of the Government of Viet Nam and Lao policy formulation on recommended
Cai PPC and contributes to achieving interventions to withdraw children from
goals set out in the National Programme the worst forms of child labour.
for Child Protection (2011-2015).
7.
National and local socio-economic
3.
The APs successes were driven by development made a telling contribution
the local governments willingness and to individual income promotion. In
political commitment to support project addition, government social security
objectives. The AP was premised on programmes provided a security network
strengthening local capacity to combat for complementary income for childrens
child labour, which requires an alliance families. Economic development and
of key stakeholders and mobilization of better income distribution created ample
society to guarantee action is sustained adult employment, which rendered child
over time and its results continue work superfluous.
independently of external assistance
and support. 8.
Education is a hugely important strategy
for combating child labour. To stop
4.
Inclusive community participation, children prematurely leaving school,
especially effective collaboration with the AP encouraged and provided them
local NGOs, professional organizations with vocational traditional wood and
and civil society organizations, was a stone carving art opportunities. Such
vital ingredient in the APs success. vocational training for children helped
The informal sectors AP participation childrens families develop economic
also brought significant outputs. Public- security to keep children in school and
private partnership collaboration on out of the labour market.
child work hazards was effective due
to the mobilization of several resources 9.
According to a labour sector
together with target groups in the same representatives evaluation, the APs
location, which improved effectiveness, multi-dimensional approach to child
reduced costs and ensured a long-term labour must be further embraced by
maintenance. project provinces. The prevention and
elimination of child labour, in addition
A high level of awareness and critical
5. to interdisciplinary working methods
thinking by ethnic minority people allowed between agencies, must become multi-
them to embrace the sustainability dimensional with combined awareness
of technical support to children, raising and capacity building of children,
childrens families, communities and their families, employers and related
local government. This awareness of agencies. Moreover, it is essential to
child labour issues also led to a multi- support childrens families through
stakeholder and integrated approach. livelihoods promotion, vocational
Local people are now better equipped training for children, improvements in
to maintain current livelihood models for working conditions and other solutions
economic development and help combat to withdraw children from the worst
the worst forms of child labour thanks to forms of child labour.
their new knowledge and awareness
International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour
International Labour Organization
4, route des Morillons, CH-1211 Geneva 22 Switzerland
www.ilo.org/ipec - e-mail: ipec@ilo.org
CONTACT INFORMATION
ILO Country Office for Viet Nam
48-50 Nguyen Thai Hoc, Hanoi, Vietnam
Tel.: (84-4) 3734 0902
Fax: (84-4) 3734 0904
E-mail: hanoi@ilo.org
Website: www.ilo.org/hanoi
ISBN 978-92-2-128399-7
9 789221 283997