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Review stoichiometry table for flow

system
Review examples on stoichiometry table
for flow system
Todays Lecture
Review examples on stoichiometry table
for flow system
Summary
Introduction to isothermal reactor design
Example 3-5: A mixture of 28% SO2 and 72% air is charged to a flow
reactor in which SO2 is oxidized:
First, set up a stoichiometric table using only the symbols (i.e., i, Fi)
and then prepare a second stoichiometric table evaluating numerically
as many symbols as possible for the case when the total pressure is
1485 kPa (14.7 atm) and the temperature is constant at 227 C.
Taking SO2 as the basis of calculation:
 Change
concentration!!
If the rate law for this reaction were first order in SO2 (i.e., A) and
in O2 (i.e., B) with k=200 dm3/mole.s :
Example 3-6: The reversible gas-phase decomposition of nitrogen
tetroxide, N2O4, to nitrogen dioxide, NO2, is to be carried out at
constant temperature. The feed consists of pure N2O4 at 340 K and
202.6 kPa (2 tam). The concentration equilibrium constant, Kc, at
340 K is 0.1 mol/dm3.
A 2B

concentration equilibrium constant: at equilibrium !!

(a) Calculate the equilibrium conversion of N2O4 in a constant-volume batch
reactor.

at equilibrium !!
(b) Calculate the equilibrium conversion of N2O4 in a flow reactor.

at equilibrium !!
(c) Assuming the reaction is elementary, express the rate of reaction solely as a
function of conversion for a flow system and for a batch system.

Elementary reaction:
A 2B

for flow system

for batch system

(d) Determine the CSTR volume necessary to achieve 80% of the equilibrium
conversion.

CSTR design
equation
 Design equations
Batch:
The conversion is a function of the time the
reactants spend in the reactor.
We are interested in determining how long to
leave the reactants in the reactor to achieve a
certain conversion X.

dX
N A0 rAV
dt ?
?
 Design equations
CSTR:
We are interested in determining the size of
the reactor to achieve a certain conversion X.

X
FA0 rA
V ? -1/rA
?

X
 Design equations
PFR:
We are interested in determining the size of
the reactor to achieve a certain conversion X.
dX
FA0 rA
dV ?
?

-1/rA

PBR

X dX
Generally, the isothermal tubular reactor volume
FA0 rA
is smaller than the CSTR for the same conversion
dW
Pillars of chemical reaction engineering
Isothermal reactor design
Design procedure
mole balance
rate laws
stoichiometry
combination of the above three procedures
and solve ODE
obtain the volume/reaction time for the
reactor
Do not forget to add some other time required!
 Reaction Engineering

Mole Balance Rate Laws Stoichiometry

These topics build upon one another

Algorithm for Isothermal Reactor
Design