Task 2: Transfer from ES1103

What, from the ES1103 EAP module, do you think can transfer to your discipline
or other modules: refer to specific examples from this semesters modules (using
the course schedule to remind yourself of the content) and draw a list.

Genre:
Informative document.to inform reader about the situation.
Argumentative - evaluation

ES1103 content Can be useful in my discipline modules/GEM modules

Language choices Evaluative language

seen as directly Technical terms
impacted by the Use of Lexical field
context - Genre Use of nominalisation
knowledge Reflection - use of modal words
More passive tone than active tone ( less on opinion)

Reading and note- SQ4R

taking strategies - Survey
- Question
- Recite
- Read
- Relate
- Review

Paraphrasing and Summarizing our sources

summarizing Citations
Writing syntheses
Examples:
- Research paper
- Executive Summary
- Tutorial questions.
- Note-taking and review

Avoiding Citation/ In-text citation

plagiarism Paraphrase
Using a citation Citation format
system such as Manual cite
APA (in-text and
end-text) Use citations managers
USe online citing programs e.g. citethisforme.com
Refer to APA guide

Analysing a Plan the writing better with clearer understanding of

prompt the prompt requirements.
Brainstorming => can score better.
Outlining
Gathering - scope words
sources - value words
- content words
- Instruction words

Brainstorming:
Define the problem and solution and implications
Brainwriting - generate ideas in point form on MS
word.

Outlining:
Find relevant
Draft the structure of the writing

Gathering sources:

Google scholar
NUS library database
Google (articles, webpage, blogs).
Youtube videos.

Draw mindmaps

Writing cohesive Integrate information using hyperthemes.

texts: thesis and - Adapt the scope and content into the
scope/hyperthem hypertheme.
es/ - Determine thematic progression?
thematic - Determine the outlines then the form the
progression progression using linkages
- Revisiting thesis and topic sentences
which serves as an anchor.
Writing Background + overview
introductions Thesis statement
Stance
Funneling

Better structuring for proposals and final reports,

exam paper answer (IS1103 and IS1105) etc.

Writing complex Better structuring for proposals and final reports,

sentences and exam paper answer (IS1103 and IS1105) etc.
expressing clear
logical meaning Complex sentence:
Making sentence concise while integrating more
information.

Dependent and independent clauses.

- Know how to write better based on the
structure.

Reviewing a - Use given guidelines

peers essay - Giving feedback.
- Understand the reviewing process: can
use in future managerial position to give
colleagues feedback.
- Assist the peers in essay by providing
another perspective.
- Learnt from the mistakes
- Improve your own review your own essay.

Writing process - Habit to keep improving our writing.

(multiple drafting - Optimize the writing process overtime
and revisions) - Train resilence

Expressing dense - Make topic concise using more

meanings using descriptive words.
complex noun - Increase readability and links for readers
groups-writing with complex terms.
academically - Integrate more ideas.

Engaging with a - Enhances academic tones

body of literature - Evaluate and make decisions
and expressing - Demonstrate understanding
- Gain a clearer picture of the subject
stance through
endorsing and matter.
distancing
language (making
the sources talk
to each other).

Writing Reference Improve accuracy of citations.

lists manually and Acknowledge and appreciate the writers before you.
with Mendeley Beauty texts.

Analysing Think application and relating concepts to real life.

disciplinary texts

Writing critical -More active tone

reflections -Based on research and notes

Task 1 Group discussion and genre mapping

1. What are the genres students commonly read in your discipline?
- Computer Science
- Business Report/ Business analysis
- News Article
- Statistical finding

2. What are the genres you have written in your discipline modules?
- Business Report/Proposal
- Computer programs

3. What genres have you read and written in your elective modules?
Written:
- Executive Summary
- Reflections
Readings:
- News article: ethical incidents
- Financial Reports
- Business readings
- Statistical reading
 Business Reflection News Article
Report/Proposal

Module/Disciplin Executive
e Summary

Computer Financial Report Statistical

Science Papers Finding

Task 2 Discipline text analysis

Less than three years after its launch, Didi Dache (Didi), China's top domestic Internet-based
ride-hailing service provider, had claimed 56.5 per cent of the Chinese market, followed closely
by a major local competitor, Kuaidi, which accounted for 43.3 per cent of the market.2 As Didi
and Kuaidi actively competed against each other, in 2014, Uber entered the battle with an
aggressive subsidy. Facing an increasingly complex business landscape, Didi's co-founders,
chief executive officer (CEO) Wei Cheng and angel investor Gang Wang, had to decide what
Didi's next steps should be.
Choose one text that represents a common assignment (a lab report for a Life Science student,
for example) and deconstruct the text following the questions/prompts below.

Note: if you do not have a model assignment, you can also use a reading from the discipline.
A Genre analysis and stages

1. What is the purpose of the text?

2. What are the stages (the main sections/paragraphs) of the text?
3. Locate the macro-theme, the scope and the hyper-themes.

B. Move on to a more detailed analysis of the language used in your discipline. Use the table on
the next page to remember the type of language systems/language features you should be
looking out for.
C. What do you notice about your disciplinary discourse? How are the features in the table
used? Are there many long noun phrases? How are the features of evaluation/appraisal used?
How are
sources cited?

Use one of the texts from your disciplines and analyse it following these questions:
1. What is the text purpose?
- For class discussion.

2. Who is the intended audience?

- For business students

3. How is the texts organised/structured (what are the main sections)?

Timeline-based text

Overview of the ride hailing companies

Background of how the company establish itself?
Background and standings of the 2 industry leaders in the ride
hailing business in China
Background of one of the company
Sub-sections: Services they provide
Strategy
Background of another company
Competition between the two companies and the events occurred
New Entrants into the industry and the effect to the market
landscape
Business background of the new competitor
Comparison of industry background between competitor and the existing market
leaders
Exhibits

4. How are sources used? Are they used in all sections or only one? Are they author-prominent
or information-prominent? Can you hypothesise why?
The use of foot note for citation
Footnote consists of:
Factual evidence like amount of startup funds
Translation of language
Information on currency exchanges between countries
Limitation of factual evidence or sources from newspaper articles
Case studies
Website URL
- They use them in all sections and all pages of the reports provided that they used information
like currency exchange, amount of money involved.
Information prominent.
One possible reason is the article is constructed with the intent for
discussion for business students. Hence it serves to provide as much information
with greater focus on the details and information of the companies and industry
than the sources authors.
No arguments between one citation.
No evaluation is involved in the text by the publisher.

5. Look at the table of instantiation and find examples of cohesive features, examples of
complex sentence structures, examples of noun groups, and examples of appraisal language.
Describe how these systems seem to be used in your discipline.
Chin Siong

Textual cohesion

Macrotheme (Thesis statement)

Facing an increasingly complex business landscape, Didi's co-founders, chief executive
officer (CEO) Wei Cheng and angel investor Gang Wang, had to decide what Didi's next steps
should be.

Hyperthemes (Topic Sentences)

The hyperthemes are the background of the three market leaders of the industry.
Didi
Examples:
Cheng and Wang recoglized that it was becoming increasingly difficult to hail a roadside taxi
in urban China, so they initiated the development of the "Didi Dache"3 mobile app with a start-
up fund of 800,000 yen.

Kuaidi

This partnership made Kuaidi the first ride-hailing app to offer fulI Alipay fare-payment
facilities.

Lu recognized the valuable data-mining opportunities in Kuaidi's huge user base and believed
that Kuaidi could provide users with value-added services.

Uber
In 2011, Uber launched a mobile-based ride-hailing application, which was rolled out in China
in 2014 as "You Bu," meaning "a step forward.

Unlike Didi and Kuaidi, Uber did not launch a taxi service in China.

General nouns

The app mobile app

Platform online platform
The drivers taxi drivers

Nominalisation
Regime For at least a decade, the Chinese government worked on formulating policies to
overhaul the taxi industry, but with little success.
The industry - taxi industry
Chinese Intemet giants Tencent, Alibaba, and Baidu.
Referencing pronouns and other words

Conjunction/linkers
as well, as, and, also

Thematic progression (information flow)

A->B B1->C B2->D
A1 a2- a3 b1 b2 b3 c1 c2 c-3

Cohesion at paragraph level:

Lexical chains: online platform/ services/ models

Reference and Substitutions : model referring to the online taxi booking,

Lexical field/sets: online-to-offline (O2O) circuit

Examples from the text:

<text here>

Daniel
Logical links between clauses in complex sentences
Clause complex (sentences with more than one clause) = non-defining
relative clause
+ while, whereas
X Time: while, as, before, after, until, as soon as
Manner: as
Cause, condition, concession: because, in order that, in case, if,
unless, although
Projection: state, suggest,argue that think, believe, know that

Examples from the text:

Complex Clause:
As Didi and Kuaidi actively competed against each other, in 2014, Uber entered the battle with
an aggressive subsidy.

Complex + logical links

Although subsidies can lead and educate the market, a continuous huge subsidy is unwise.

Time
After the trip, the passenger could pay by cash or through an online payment app and could
choose to evaluate the trip based on three criteria: travel experience, service quality, and
inside environment.

Logical Links + projection (expressed)

Nevertheless, competitive pressures led them to accept the investment, and Wang expressed
some concerns about the outcome if the company turned down Tencent's investment offer.

Projection (Not sure correctness)

For example, Kuaidi could analyze history information to predict passengers' occupations,
identities, and their likely needs.

Vincent Yeo
Noun group (headnouns are underlined) Continued exposure to such
chemicals can lead to reduced functioning of the auto-immune system
Modifiers:
prepositional phrase of the auto-immune system
Adjective
Relative clauses
Nominalisation (often combined with prep.phrase)
Verb -> noun (to formulate:formulation)
Adjective -> noun (complex: complexity)

Examples from the text:

Noun group and modifiers:

Facing such a highly dynamic, ever-changing competitive landscape, Didi needed to carefully
plan the next steps of its development. What should the company do to sustain or even
strengthen its leadership in the nascent ride-hailing market?
Nominalisation:
Ongoing changes Ever-changing
To develop -> Development

Afiqah
Evaluation/Appraisal
Hedging and Modality:
Modals: may, might , could
Adverbs: perhaps, probably
Quantifiers: some
Verbs: appear to + V/ seem to + V/ tend to + V
Other expressions : x is likely to + V/ theres a tendency for x to + V
Reporting structures: The research report concludes [that + SV]. As
Jones (2010) argues, According to Zhang (2009),
Endorsing and distancing
Evaluative reporting verbs: claim, suggest, demonstrate
Intensifying/limiting adverbs: clearly, unambiguously,
strongly/somewhat, to a certain extent
Concessive clauses: althoughwhile..

Examples from the text:

Modal Words
Didi's largest domestic rival, Kuaidi, had recently accepted funding from the Alibaba Croup
Holding Limited, and Chen and Wang worried that if they tumed down Tencent's funding, the
investor might instead choose to partner with another local competitor, Yaoyao Zhaoche.
Use of modals: might
Endorsing: recently

Didi passengers could acquire at least 100 points per trip and could use the Didi app to easily
exchange those points for products in the Points Mall.
Use of modals: could
Endorsing: easily

Concessive clause & Quantifiers

Nevertheless, competitive pressures led them to accept the investment, and Wang expressed
some concem about the outcome if the company turned down Tencent's investment offer.
Concessive clause: nevertheless
Quantifiers: some

Although subsidies can lead and educate the market, a continuous huge subsidy is unwise.
Concessive clause: although

Functions/ Purpose Linguistic Systems and Examples from the text

features

To create texts that flow -

logically and represent your
views more persuasively.

To express complex thoughts

and their logical links