Drugs & Dentistry I

Drugs commonly prescribed by the dentist

1. Antimicrobial Drugs
a. Antibiotics
Drug Indications Forms Usual dose Trade &price Comments

-Routine drug of choice in Cap. 250-500 mg Adult: -Amoxil - 3% of population are

250 mg = 27 SR
infection. Sus. 125 mg/5ml 250-500 mg 500 mg = 53 SR allergic to the drug
Amoxicillin -Prophylaxis regimen for 250 mg/5ml q8h -Ultramox
Child: 500 mg = 25 SR
subacute bacterial
20 mg/kg/day -Amoxidar
endocarditis 250 mg = 7 SR
in divided 500 mg = 13 SR
doses

-Augmentin
-Infections caused by beta- Tab. 375-625 mg Adult: Children 40kg
375 mg = 48 SR
lactamase producing 1g 375-625 mg 625 mg = 81 SR 20-40 mg/kg/day
156 mg = 22 SR amoxicillin with 5-10mg
strains. Sus. 156 mg/5ml q8h
-Amoclan
228 mg/5ml OR calvulanic acid in three
Co-Amoxiclav. -Sever dental infections 375 mg =34 SR
divided doses.
amoxicillin with spreading cellulites. 457 mg/5ml 1 g q12h -Amoclan forte
625mg = 44 SR
with -Megamox
clavulanic 375mg =36 SR
625mg =43 SR
acid 1g =75 SR
-Klavox
375mg = 44 SR
625 mg =76 SR
-Julmentin
375 mg = 40 SR
-Julmentin Forte
625 mg = 68 SR

-Routine second choice Tab. 250-500 mg 250-500 mg -Erythrocin -50% of s.auruse is

to amoxicillin in infection or
Erythromycin
first choice if amoxicillin is
allergic .
250mg = 14 SR resistant
Sus. 200 mg/5ml q6h
500mg = 27 SR -GI intolerance is
200 mg/5ml
Sus. = 19 SR common
q6h
-Eromycin

Tab. for tablet Sus. for suspension

Cap. for capsule q8h = every 8 hours
Syr. for syrup
Inj for injection
 Drug Indications Forms Usual dose Trade &price Comment
Some pt. is allergic to the
Clarithromycin -Mild to moderate Tab. 250-500 mg 250-500 mg -Klacid drug.
infection. Sus. 125 mg/ 5ml bid -Caution when prescribed for
-Prophylaxis regimen for pregnant or lactating women,
250 mg/100ml
subacute bacterial endo- hepatic, renal pt.
carditis for pt. allergic to -It increases effects of
amoxicillin. cyclosporine, warfarinn &
decreases the effects of
clindamycin, penicillin
&anticholingergic drugs.
-Mild to moderate 500 mg qid -Contraindicated if the pt. is
infection. on day1, then hypersensitive to the drug or
Cap. 250 mg -Zithromax
250 mg qid
Azithromycin -Prophylaxis regimen for to erythromycin.
on days 2-5
subacute bacterial endo- -Caution when prescribed for
carditis for pt. allergic to pregnant or lactating women,
amoxicillin. hepatic, renal & cardiac pt. or
with elderly & child < 16 y.
-It decrease the effects of
clindamycin & penicillin
-Pt. instructed to take
medication at least an hour
before meal or 2 hours after
the meal.
-Second or third choice to
amoxicillin in routine inf. Tab. 250-500 mg 250-500 mg q6h -Tetracycline -Used in bone graft.
-Anaerobic bacterial Sus. 125 mg/5ml , 1 hour before 250 mg = 13 SR -Cause teeth discolora-
or 2 hours after tion, so it is not used in
infections & periodontitis
Tetracycline meals child 8y & in pregnant
associated with presence
women.
of AA (Actinobacillus
actino-mycetemcomitans).
-ANUG
-Some patients are
-Periodontitis associated Tab. 100 mg 100 mg q12h -Doxydar hypersensitive to the drug.
-Vibramycin -It cause candidiasis,teeth
with presence of AA Cap. 100 mg 100 mg=26 SR
& tongue discoloration &
(Actinobacillus actino-
dry mouth.
Doxycycline mycetemcomitans). -It is not prescribed for child
-ANUG 8y &for pregnant women.
-Syphilis

Drug Indications Forms Usual dose Trade &price Comment

Alternative to amoxicillin Adult Cramps & diarrhea in 20%

Clindamycin in prophylaxis regimen Tab. 150-300 mg 150-450 mg q6h -Dalacin-C of patients after oral
 for subacute bacterial Inj. 300-600 Child 150 mg=21 SR administration.
8 -25 mg/kg 300 mg=37 SR
endocarditis if amoxicillin 900 mg -Contraindicated if pt. is
in 3-4 divided
is allergic. hypersensitive to the drug
doses.
-Chronic osteomyelitis. or had developed pseudo-
membranous colitis.
-Flagyl -Caution when the pt.
250 mg =13SR
-Protozoal & anaerobic Tab. 250-500 mg 250-500 mg q8h
500 mg =15SR complain of neutropenia,
bacterial infections. -Nidazol hepatic disease, active
Metronidazole -Refractory adult -Elyzol
-Flazol CNS disease, or if the pt.
peridontits.
on warfarin .
Combined with penicillin
in serious Odontogenic -Contraindicated if pt. is
infection, especially in hypersensitive to the drug
compromised patients. or in the first trimester.

Alternative to amoxicillin Cap. 250-500 mg Adult: -Keflex 10-15% cross reaction

in the tretment of 250-500 mg 250mg = 29 SR sensitivity in pt. allergic to
q6h 500mg = 42 SR
orofacial infections &in Syr. 125 mg/5ml penicillin
Child: -Cefrin
the prevention of SAB
Cephalexin 6.5-50 mg/kg/
endocarditis except if the day in 4 doses
pt. had an immediate
anaphylactic allergic
reaction to amoxicillin.
Skin, soft tissue & bone Tab. 125-250 mg Adult: -Zinnat 10-15% cross reaction
infections. Sus. 125 mg/5ml 1-2tab q12h 250 mg =87 SR sensitivity in pt. allergic to
Cefuroxime Child: 500 mg =95 SR
250 mg/5ml penicillin
125mg q12h

1. The Antibiotics may decrease the activity of oral contraceptive. So the pt. should be instructed
to use additional method of contraception during the antibiotic course.
2. If the infection not improved within 3days, change the drug and do sensitivity test.
3. Recommended antibiotics during pregnancy : Penicillin & Cephalosporine.
4. Recommended antibiotics for lactating mother : Cephalosporine & Erythromycin.
 Drug Indications Forms Usual dose Trade &price Comment
Herpes zoter: -It is contraindicated in
-Viral infections of: Tab. 400- 800 mg 800 mg q4h for -Zovirax patients with known
7-10 200 mg=149SR hypersensitivity to the
-Herpes zoster. Cap. 200 mg days
-Herpes simplex. Cream 2g 400 mg=697SR drug.
Chickenpox: Cream =23 SR -It should be used with
Acyclovir -Chickenpox. 20 mg/kg qid -Clovir caution in-patient with
-Prevention of for 5 days renal impairment.
recurrence of the viral
infections. -It used in the tengling
stage in the management
of HSV before
development of the lesion
vesicles
-It could cause glossitis.
-Postpone dental treatment
when oral herpetic lesions
are present.

b. Antifungal

Drug Indications Forms Usual dose Trade &price Comment

Adult Daktarin Oral gel
Treatment of candidal Tab. 250 mg 600-1800 mg Oral gel =17 SR Apply twice / day up to
infections Oral gel. 25 mg/ml in 3 divided 1 month.
Miconazole doses daily for
3-20 weeks
Children 1 y
20-45mg/kg/day
in 3 divided
doses.
Adult: -Contraindicated in
-Systemic & cutaneous Tab. 200 mg 200-400 mg -Nizoral patients with previous
Ketoconazol fungal infections. qid hypersensitivity.
Children 2 y -Used cautiously in
patients with impaired
3.5-6.6 mg/kg/ hepatic & or adrenal
day in a single reserve.
dose.

Adult: Contraindicated with pt.

-Intestinal candidiasis. Suspention 100000 Sus. 400000- -Mycostatin has known
600000 iu qid
-Skin candidiasis. inter. unit " iu " for Children 3 -Nilstat hypersensitivity.
-Oral candidiasis oral use. months -Nystan -Oral use can cause
Nystatin 250000-500000 -Rianest nausea, vomiting and
iu qid -Mikostat
Newborn
diarrhea.
100000 iu qid - To prevent reinoculation
of candidal infection pt. is
c. Antiviral instructed to dispose the
tooth brush or other
contaminated oral hygiene
devices used during period
of infection
 2. Analgesics

Drug Indications Forms Usual dose Trade &price Comment

Adult -Adol -Caution with hepatic
-Mild to moderate Tab. 325-500 mg 0.5-l g every -Panadol disease pt.
pain & fever 4-6 hours to -Tylenol -Contraindicated if the pt.
-Fevadol is hypersensitive to
Acetaminophen Syrup 120 mg/5ml max.4gm daily -Dafalgan
125 mg/5ml Children: acetaminophen or
1 year: 60-120mg -Panacetamol complain of Glucose 6-
1-5y 120-150mg syrup Phosphate Dehydrogenase
6-12y 250-500mg -Tempra Deficiency.
-Pain Tab. 200-400 400 mg every -Brufen It is contraindicated in:
-Fever 600 mg 4-6 hours for 400mg=12 SR -Hypersensitivity
Ibuprofen -Inflammatory diseases mild-moderat 600mg=20 SR -Nasal polyp
-Rheumatoid disorders Syrup 100 mg/5ml pain -Ibofen -Angio-edema
-Profinal
-Gout 600 mg=13 SR
-Bronchospastic reactivity
-Sapofen to aspirin or other
400 mg=10 SR NSAIDs.
600 mg=10 SR -Caution if the pt. on
anticoagulant.
-Taken after food
Adult:
Tab. 500 mg 500mg initially -Ponstan -Avoid prescribing for
Cap. 250 mg then 250 mg 500 mg=13 SR dental pain in last trimester
-Mild to moderate pain Syrup 50 mg/5ml every 6 hours -Fendol of pregnancy. -Caution
Mefenamic acid with food 500 mg= 7 SR
children 6 -Mafepain if the pt. on anticoagulant.
months : 500 mg= 9 SR
25 mg/kg daily
in divided
doses
-Voltaren
-Mild to moderate pain Tab. 25-50-100 mg 150-200mg/ 50 mg =38 SR -It can cause dry mouth &
-Pain of rhematoid Inj. 75 mg/ampoule day in 2-4 -Olfen stomatitis.
50 mg =21 SR -Avoid prescribing for
arthritis & osteoarthri- divided doses. -Rofinac dental pain in last trimester
tis. 50 mg = 32 SR of pregnancy.
Diclofenac Sodium -Gout & Ankylosing
-Diclogesic
spondylitis 50 mg = 17 SR
-Vortex
50 mg =10 SR
-Colfen
50 mg = 9 SR
Mild to moderate pain 2 tab. Every 4 -Solpadeine -Do not give if the pt. has
Paracetamol 500 mg hours to max. = 9 SR allergy to propyphenazone
with Caffeine 30 mg -Fevadol plus -Not recommended for
________ 8 tab. daily.
& Codeine = 8 SR pregnant, breast-feeding
women & for children<12
years.
Adult: 1-2 tab
Paracetamol 250 mg -Treatment of 12-16y 1 tab.
, caffeine 50 mg headache. Up to 3 doses /
-Saridon
& ________ day ________
= 5 SR
propyphenazone
150 mg
 3. Miscellaneous

Drug Indications Forms Usual dose Trade &price Comment

-Oral and perioral Orabase: contains 2-4 times daily Kenalog in -Use is limited for 5 days
Triamcinolone lesions triacilmone 0.1% Orabase for children ,and short term
-Aphthous ulcers. in adhesive basis =7 SR for elderly.
orabase
-Contraindicated in the
presence of fungal, viral or
bacterial infections.
-Treatment of oral 10 ml with brush 3-4 times daily Norgine Not recommended for
Pyralvex ulcers. children under 12 years.
Lignocaine -Pain due to ulcers Jelly 2% When needed Xylocaine 5%
Hydrochloride Ointment 5% 35 g=11 SR _____________
Spray 80g =29 SR
lidocaine Spray 80 g
-Adults should be
Tab. 1 mg -Zymafluor expectorate after use &
Prevention of dental 1mg = 18 SR
not to eat, drink or rinse
caries & decrease teeth for 30 minutes.
Sodium fluoride hypersensitivity -Child ages 6-16y should be
expectorate after use, rinse
mouth thoroughly to avoid
swallowing fluoride.
-Must ascertain fluoride conc.
In-patients drinking water
before prescribing.
-Relief of muscle Tab. 10-25 mg 5 mg tid3 days Lioresal -Some pt. has
spasm. then, 10 mg tid 25 mg =121 SR hypersensitivity to the
3days then, medicament.
15 mg tid3 days -It may cause dry mouth
Baclofen then 20 mg tid
-The medicament has a
3days then
triturated to
sedative effect.
response, not to
exceed 80 mg/day
-Relief of muscle Tab. 250-500 mg Adult Parafon -Combination of the drug
spasm. (DSC) 250-750 mg 500 mg=19 SR with aspirin or NSAIDs
tid-qid will improve the
Chlorzoxazone
Child response.
20 mg/kg/day in
3-4 divided doses.

4. Mouthwashes
 Mouthwash Indications Forms Usual dose Trade &price Comment

-Antibacterial mouth -Oral rinse 0.2% Swish 15ml Corsodyl - Contraindicated if pt. has
rinse undiluted oral =12 SR hypersensitivity
rinse around -Pt. instructed not to eat,
-Denture stomatitis drink or rinse mouth with
Chlorhexidine -Oral hygiene and in mouth for water after use for several
plaque inhibition. one minute, hours.
Mouth wash then expectorate -It my cause taste changes.
2 times daily -Do not swallow the
medication.
-Perform scaling before starting
rinse.
-It causes staining of teeth &
esthetic restorations.

Hexetidine -Oral hygine Mouth wash or 15ml undiluted Oraldene

gargle 0.1% 2-3times daily = 7 SR ________

-Do not swallow the

Treatment &prevention -Cleanser: skin7.5% 10ml undiluted -Betadine medication
of microbial infections 30 m1-118 ml for up 30 sec. =15 SR -Avoid contact with eyes.
-Contraindicated in pt. with
Povidone-lodine -Foam 7.5% 170 g up to 4 times -Poviderim hypersensitivity to iodine .
daily
-Cautions with pregnancy &
breast feeding.
Swish 15 ml
Orasept -Prevention & -Mouthwash 250 ml undiluted oral Orasept
reduction of gingivitis. rinse around 250ml =10 SR
Ingredients: in mouth for ________
Benzoic acid, -General oral hygiene one minute,
Thymol, Menthol, & bad breath. then expectorate
Methyl salicylate 2 times daily
& Eucalyptol
-Fight plaque 15ml undiluted -Classic /red -Not recommended for
-Fight caries 250-500 ml for one minute -Soft mint / child < 6 years.
Colgate - Plax -Treatment of halitosis 2 times daily green
250 ml=14 SR
:Ingredients 500 ml=22 SR
% Triclosan 0.03
Sodium fluoride
% 0.025
-Anti plaque 15ml undiluted -Not recommended for
-Relieves minor mouth 250 ml for 30 seconds 250 ml=16 SR child<6 years.
irritation 2 times daily -Not recommended if the pt.
Sensodyne sensitive to cytylpyridinium.
-Used after brushing.

-Not recommended for child

400 ml 400 ml=13 SR < 6 years.
-Helps in the removal 15ml undiluted
of tar. for 30 seconds
Pearl drops -Fight tobacco odor. 2 times daily
Smokers 1+1 -Fight plaque
-Fight caries

15ml undiluted -Not recommended for child

Fight plaque & cavities 300 ml for 30 seconds 300 ml=16 SR < 6 years.
Oral-B 2 times daily

Drugs & Dentistry II

Most common drugs prescribed by the dentist:
 Drug Forms Usual Dose Trade Names
Adult: -Amoxil
Capsule 250-500 mg
250-500 mg q8h -Ultramox
Suspension 125 mg/5ml Child:
Amoxicillin -Amoxidar
250 mg/5ml 20 mg/kg/day
in divided doses
Tablet 375-625 mg Adult: 375-625 mg q8h -Augmentin
1g or 1g q12h -Amoclan
Co-Amoxiclav.
Amoxicillin with Children 40kg -Amoclan Forte
Suspension 156 mg/5ml
Clavulanic Acid" 20-40 mg/kg/day amoxicillin -Megamox
228 mg/5ml
with 5-10 mg calvulanic acid -Klavox
457 mg/5ml in three divided doses.
-Julmentin
Capsule 250-500 mg Adult: 250-500 mg q6h -Keflex
Cephalexin Syrup 125 mg/5ml Child: 6.5-50 mg/kg/day -Cefrin
in 4 doses
Adult: 0.5-l gm every 4-6 -Adol
Tablet 325-500 mg hours to max.4 gm daily -Panadol
-Tylenol
Acetaminophen Syrup 120 mg/5ml Child: -Fevadol
125 mg/5ml 1 year 60-120 mg/day -Dafalgan
1 -5 y 120-150 mg/day -Panacetamol syrup
6 -12 y 250-500 mg/day -Tempra
Tablet 200 400 mg 400 mg every 4-6 hours -Brufen
& 600 mg for mild to moderate pain -Ibofen
Ibuprofen
Syrup 100 mg/5ml -Profinal
-Sapofen
Tablet 25-50-100 mg 150-200 mg/day -Voltaren -Olfen
Diclofenac
Injection 75 mg/ampoule in 2-4 divided doses. -Rofinac -Diclogesic
Sodium
-Vortex -Colfen

5. The Antibiotics may decrease the activity of oral contraceptive pills, so the pt. should be instructed
to use additional method of contraception during the antibiotic course.
6. If the infection not improved within 3days, change the drug and do sensitivity test.
7. Recommended antibiotics during pregnancy: Penicillin & Cephalosporine.
8. Recommended antibiotics for lactating mother : Cephalosporine & Erythromycin.

Drugs & Dentistry III

Common drugs purchased from pharmacies in city
Drugs listed here are the ones commonly purchased from pharmacies in Jeddah city. Trade
names,
 indications and dental considerations, which related to the drug & the disease, are included in
an
informative and concise form. For more information you are advised to refer to the product
information insert. (Antimicrobial, analgesics & mouthwashes are included in D & D I )

Cardiovascular System

Drug Trade Names Indications Considerations

Calcium channel blockers
-Adalat-Retard -Prophylaxis &treatment of
Nifedipine -It cause gingival hyperplasia and dry
-Adalat. angina.
mouth
-Cardiopine. -Hypertention.
-Raynauds disease.
-Atrial fibrillation & flutter. - It cause gingival enlargement, dry
-Arrhythmias. mouth (rare)&Stevens-Johnson syndrom
Verapamil -Isoptin .
-Angina &hypertension.
-Calan.
-Congestive heart failure.
-Tachycardia .
-Lanoxin Treatment of congestive heart
Digoxin failure,atrial fibrillation & or
- It could cause sensitive gag reflux.
flutter and supra-ventricular
tachycardia.
-Primary aldosteronism.
Diuretiecs -Aldactone. Hypertension, Hypokalaemia
Spironolactone -Spiroctan. -Edema in liver cirrhosis.
-Noractone. -Nephrotic syndrom. -It may cause dry mouth & lichenoid drug
-Congestive heart failure. reaction .
-Hirutism associated with
polycystic ovary syndrom .
-Menstrual irregularities.
Centrally acting -Moderate to sever hypertent- - It could cause dry mouth, bleeding &
antihypertensive ion. lichenoid reaction.
Methyldopa -Aldomet -Hypertensive crisis.
-Toxemia of pregnancy.
-Mild to moderate essential -It causes adrenal suppression &candidal
ACE Inhibitors
hypertension. infection.
-Congestive heart failure. -It could cause dry mouth, glossitis,
Captopril
-Capoten oral ulceration , Stevens Johnson
syndrome,bleeding , lichenoid drug
reaction .

Cardiovascular System
 Drug Trade Names Indications Considerations
Antiarrhythmics
-Cordarone -Arrhythmia. - It may cause dry mouth.
Amiodarone
Glyceryl Trinitrate -It could cause dry mouth & burning
NitrodermTTS10 -Treatment and prophylaxis sensation.
Nitroglycerin -Angised of angina pectoris. -Ensure that patients drug is easily
-Glyceryl
-CHF associated with acute available if angina occurs.
-Trinitrate
MI.
-Nitroderm
-Tridil

Drug Trade Names Indications Considerations

-Aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation.
Antiplatelets -Fever & minor pain -Produce gastric ulcer in long term
-Asprin -Rheumatic arthritis therapy
-Rivo -Transient Ischemic Attack -Exacerbates bronchoconstriction in
Acetylsalicylic acid -Aspav asthmatic pt.
-MI risk reduction
-Aspico -Rheumatic fever -High doses should be avoided in
pregnancy

-Prophylaxis of thrombo- -Try to avoid IM injection.

Oral anticoagulants embolism .
-MI & bypass surgery.
Warfarin Sodium -Coumadin -Prophylaxis & treatment of
venous thrombosis &
pulmonary embolism.
-Decrease risk of cerebral
embolism &TIA.
-Ask for INR before any dental sugary.
-Prothrombin Time should be not more
than twice the normal value.
-Vit. K is the antagonist of warfarin action
10 mg will reverse the action in 24 hours

Respiratory System
 Drug Trade Names Indications Considerations

Antihistamines -Antihistaminic. - It could cause dry mouth.

. -Phenergan -Motion sickness.
Promethazine -Histaloc -Sedative & hypnotic.
-Promantine -Antiemetic.
-Hay fever.

Cough prep.
-Temporary relife of nasal - It cause dry mouth & lichenoid reaction
Triprolidine & congestion.
Pseudoephedrine - Actified -Decongest sinus opening.
-Running nose, sneezing.
-Itching of nose or throat.
-Hay fever or other upper
respiratory allergies.
-Watery eyes due to
common cold.
-Kafosed. - Dry or painful cough.
-Tusilar. -Non-productive cough.
Dextromethorphan -Contrasal.
-Romilar.
-Simatus.
-Nasal congestion due to
Topical Nasal seasonal allergic rhinitis.
-Otrivine
Decongestants -Chronic rhinitis and
-Nasivin
Xylometazoline rhinitis occurring with the
-Xylometazoline
Hydrochloride common cold & respiratory
tract infection.
Pseudoephedrine -Nasal congestion.
-Otrinol
Hydrochloride

Anti T.B. -Myambutol -Treatment of T.B. in the -Look for oral signs of T.B.
Ethambutol -Ethanbutol first 2 months -Avoid elective dental procedures in active
infections.
-Rimactan -T.B intial treatment. -Look for oral signs of T.B.
-Rifadin -Eradicate nasal colonis- -Avoid elective dental procedures in active
Rifampicin infections.
-Rimactazid ation in meningococcal
infections
-INH - Treatment and prevention -Look for oral signs of T.B.
-Rimifon of T.B -Avoid elective dental procedures in active
infections.
Isoniazid INH -Rimactazid INH+
Rifampicin

Respiratory System
 Drug Trade Names Indications Considerations
-Euphylline -Reversible airway
Anti asthmatics
-Aminomal obstructions. -It increases the action of erythromycin.
Aminophylline
-Phyllocontin -Status asthmaticus & left - Ensure that patients drug is easily available
ventricular failure. if attach occurs.
-It causes adrenal suppression &
Beclomethasone -Bectoide Chronic airway obstructions candidal infection .
-Viorex -It could cause dry mouth & hoarseness.
-Pt. Instructed to gargle and rinse with water
after each dose to help in preventing
candidiasis.
- Ensure that patients drug is easily available
if attach occurs.
-Prophylaxis of asthma & -Frequently it cause mouth dryness &
Cromolyn Sodium -Intal allergic conditions. burning mouth senseation .
-Opticrom -Chronic bronchitis. - Ensure that patients drug is easily available
-Emphysema. if attach occurs.
-Asthmatic patients.
-Prophylaxis of asthma. - Ensure that patients drug is easily available
Ketotifen Fumarate -Zaditen if attach occurs.
-Bronchodilator for. -It may cause mouth & throat irritation.
-Ventolin treatment of asthma. - Ensure that patients drug is easily available
Salbutamol
-Butalin -Reversible airway if attach occurs.
obstruction.
-Bronchial asthma. - It could cause dry mouth.
Theophylline -Quibron-T/SR -Chronic obstructive - Ensure that patients drug is easily available
-Bronquim pulmonary disease. if attach occurs.
 Central Nervous System

Drug Trade Names Indications Considerations

Antiparkinsons
Levodopa -Carbidopa -Sinemet -Used in parkinsonism - It cause dry mouth.

Antidepresents
Amitriptyline -Tryptizol -Depression.
- It cause dry mouth, stomatitis & salivary
-Saroten -Analgesic for certain chronic
gland pain.
-Elavil & neuropathic pain.
-Migraine prophylaxis.
-Depressive illness - It cause dry mouth & bleeding.
Clomipramine -Anafranil -Phobic & obsessional states

-Depressive illness -It cause dry mouth & stomatitis

-Tofranil -Nocturnal enuresis in
Imipramine
-Imiprex children &school phobia.
-Sever symptoms of cocaine
withdrawal.

-Treatment of vascular
Antimigraine -Migril
headache migraine,
Ergotamine -Cafergot
-Cluster headache.

-Imigran -Treatment of migraine with - It may cause discomfort in jaw, mouth or

Sumatriptan
or without aura tongue.
 Central Nervous System

Drug Trade Names Indications Considerations

Antiepileptics -First line agent in treatment -It may cause:
of partial seizures. -Stevens Jonson syndrom.
Carbamazepine -Tegretol -Trigeminal neuralgia. -SLE-like syndrom.
-Tegretol Retard -Diabetes insipidus. - Dry mouth & glossitis.
-Pain syndrome.
-Schizophrenia.
-Anticonvulsant -It may cause:
-Antiarrhythmic. -Gingival hyperplasia.
Phenytoin Sodium -Epanutin
-Prevention of seizures -Lupus erythematosus .
-Dilantin
following head truma & -Stevens Jonson syndrom.
neurosurgery . -Osteamalacia.
- Side effects : gingival bleeding
Ethosuximide
-Zarontin -Absence seizures. ,ulceration , swelling of tongue & gingival
-Emeside enlargement ( Rare) .
-Indicated when both absence
& generalized tonic-clonic
Sodium Valproate -Depakine seizures are present.
-Epilim -Alternative to primary
-Convulex anticonvulsants in
generalized tonic clonic
seizures.
-Status epilepticus -It cause dry mouth.
Sedative-Hypnotic -May used as an antipanic -Ask about epilepsy type, seizure frequency
-Rivotril
Clonazepam agent. & the onset of the last attack.
 Gastro-intestinal System

Drug Trade Names Indications Considerations

H2 receptor
antagonists
-Zantac -Reduction of gastric aciditiy -Long term therapy lead to vit. B12
-Tanidina -Benign gastric &duodenal deficiency.
Ranitidine -Antagonin ulcers . -Decrease absorption of diazepam &
-Reflux oesophagitis ketoconazole.

-Short term treatment of -Decrease absorption of ketoconazole &

-Cimedine benign gastric& duodenal tetracycline.
Cimetidine -Tagamet ulcers. -Increase blood levels of metronidazol &
-Prophylaxis of duodenal lidocaine.
ulcer.
Gastric hypersecretory states.
-Gastro-esophageal reflux.
-Prevention of upper GI
bleeding in ill pt.
Antimuscarinic
-Buscopan
Hyoscine N-
-Scopinal -Adjunct in gastro- intestinal -It cause dry mouth, thirst & difficulty in
Butylbromid.
-Spasmopan disorders characterized by swallowing.
-Butacid smooth muscle spasm.
-Spasmonore

Laxatives -Dulcolax. -Constipation.

Bisacodyl -Laxocodyle -Bowel evacuation befor: -
Surgery, endoscopy &
radiology.

Musculoskeletal and joint

Drug Trade Names Indications Considerations

-Prevention of attack of gout -It could cause stomatitis, lichenoid
Antigout
-Zyloric -Arthritis &nephropathy reaction & salivary gland swelling.
Allopurinol
-No-Uric -Prevent calcium oxalate -Main clinical feature is arthritis that could
calculi. affect TMJ.
-Treatment of hyperuricemia
which may occure during
treatment of tumers or
leukemia.

Nutrients, Vitamins & Blood modifiers

 Drug Trade Names Indications Considerations
Nutrients& Vitamins -Megalobastic anemia -Glossitis or atrophy of the tongue and
Folic Acid -Folicum due to folic acid deficiency. angular cheilitis may be a symptom of folic
Vit. B9 -Folvite -Chronic alcoholism. acid deficiency.
-Pregnancy &lactation.
-Sprue & ileal diseases.
-Nutritional deficiency
& haemolytic aneamia.
-Prevention & treatment of - Incidence of erosion & caries has been
Ascorbic acid Vitamin-c chew- scurvy. reported with excessive use of chewable
Vit. C able -Urinary acidification. ascorbic acid tablets.
-Upsa-c -Prevention & decreasing of
-Calcefor cold
-B-complex plus vitamin- c
B-complex vitamins -Becozym used in conditions
B1,B6,B12 characterized by depletation
or increase demand of the
water soluble vitamins.
Blood Modifiers
Ferrous Fumarate - Fersamal . -Prevention and treatment of -Absorption of tetracyclines &
- Galfer . iron deficiency anemias penicillamine may decrease if given
together with this drug.
-Oral manifestation of iron deficiency:
- Atrophic glossitis.
- Angular cheilitis &some times
aphthous ulceration.

-If not diluted it may cause teeth

Ferrous Sulphate -Prevention & treatment of
iron deficiency anemias
discoloration, so rinsing mouth is indicated
after taken the preparation .
-It may cause dysphagia.
-it may reduce the absorption of
tetracyclines & penicillamine.
-Oral manifestation of iron deficiency:
- Atrophic glossitis.
- Angular cheilitis &some times
aphthous ulceration.

Endocrine System
 Drug Trade Names Indications Considerations

Antidiabetes
-Diabetic pt. may be more susceptible to
Insulin Human Reg. -Humalin-R -Diabetes mellitus
infection & have delay wound healing.

-Humalin-N -Diabetes Mellitus -Diabetic pt. may be more susceptible to

Insulin Human NPH
infection & have delay wound healing.

-Daonil -Diabetic pt. may be more susceptible to

-Diatab -Diabetes mellitus infection & have delay wound healing.
Glibenclamide -Euglucon
-Glynase
-Diamicron -Non insulin-dependent -Diabetic pt. may be more susceptible to
Gliclazid diabetes mellitus. infection & have delay wound healing.

-Glucophage - Non insulin-dependent -Diabetic pt. may be more susceptible to

-Glucomet diabetes mellitus. infection & have delay wound healing.
Metformin
-Melbin

Endocrine System
 Drug Trade Names Indications Considerations
-In general, it is indicated in
Corticosteroids
autoimmune diseases. -Contraindicate in viral infections.
-Multiple sclerosis. It delays wound healing.
-Adrenocortical -It causes candidal infection & dry mouth.
-Prednisolone insufficiency -Symptoms of oral infection may be masked.
Prednisolone
-Deltacortef -Adreno-genital syndrom . -Assess need for supplemental doses for the
-Gupisone -Arthritis. dental treatment.
-Precortisly -Collagen diseases. -Prophylactic antibiotic may be indicated to
-Rheumatic carditis. prevent infection in surgery or deep
-Nephrotic syndrom scaling
-Skin disease.
eg.pemphigus
Forms:
-Ulcerative coltitis.
-Tablet:1 mg , 5 mg
-Throbocytopenia.
20 mg , 25 mg
-Organ transplantation
-Enema 20 mg/100 ml
-Acute asthma.
-Group of oral lesions eg.
L.P, pemphigus vulgaris,
EM &cicatrical pemphigoid
-Behcets disease.
-Prevention of post
herpetic neuralgia.
-Acute exacerbation of
-Decadron chronic allergic disorder As prednisolone
Dexamethasone -Oradexo -Cerebral edema.
-Multiple sclerosis
-Antiemetic with cancer
therapy.

-Replacement therapy in
-Cortef adrenal cortical
Hydrocorisone -Solu-cortef insufficiency salt-losing As prednisolone
-Cortiderm forms of congenital adrenal
-Hydrocortone hyperplasia syndromes.
-Addisons disease

Drugs & Dentistry IV

Prophylactic Antibiotic Regimens for Bacterial
Endocarditis for Dental procedures
 Situation Agent Regimen Trade names Forms
Adults: 2g -Amoxil Cap. 250-500 mg
Standard general
Amoxicillin Children: 50 mg/kg -Ultramox Sus. 125 mg/5ml
prophylaxis
Orally ,one hour before procedure -Amoxidar 250 mg/5ml
Adults : 2g -Pentrexyl Inj. 250 mg/vial
Unable to take oral
Ampicillin Children : 50 mg/kg ,IM or IV -Polycillin 500 mg/vial
medication
within 30 min. before procedure 1 g /vial
Adults: 600 mg
Clindamycin Children: 20 mg/kg -Dalacin-C Cap. 150 mg
or Orally,one hour before procedure.
Cephalexin Adults: 2g -Keflex Tab. 250-500 mg
or Children: 50 mg/kg -Cefrin
orally, one hour before the -Ultracef Tab. 1g
Cefadroxil
Allergic to penicillin procedure. -Cefadrox Cap. 500 mg
or
Sus. 125-250mg/5ml
Azithromycin Adults: 500 mg -Zithromax Cap. 250 mg
or Children: 15 mg/kg
Clarithromycin Orally, one hour before the -Klacid Tab. 250-500 mg

procedure Sus. 125 mg/5ml

250mg/100 ml
Clindamycin Adults: 600 mg -Dalacin-C Inj. 300-600
or Children: 20 mg/kg 900 mg
IV within 30 min. before
Allergic to penicillin &
procedure.
unable to take oral Cefazolin Adults: 1g -Cefamezin Inj. 250-500 mg
medication Children: 25 mg/kg -Totacef 1g
IM or IV within 30 min. before
procedure.

1. Total dose of the children must not exceed the adult dose.
2. Do not prescribe cephalosporins if the pt. has immediate-type hypersensitivity
to penicillins due to the cross reaction between the tow drugs.