A research work in

partial fulfillment
as a requirement
in TLE Carpentry
Submitted by:jhon paolo verdadero
Submitted to:sir buenafe villajuan

What is the scaffolding?

Scaffolding is a temporary structure to support the original structure as well
as workmen used it as a platform to carry on the construction works. Types
of scaffolding varies with the type of construction work. Scaffolding is made
up of timber or steel. It should be stable and strong to support workmen and
other construction material placed on it.
 Types of Scaffolding used in Construction:
Following are types of Scaffolding in construction:
1. Single scaffolding
2. Double scaffolding
3. Cantilever scaffolding
4. Suspended scaffolding
5. Trestle scaffolding
6. Steel scaffolding
7. Patented scaffolding

Single Scaffolding:
Single scaffolding is generally used for brick masonry and is also called as
brick layers scaffolding. Single scaffolding consists of standards, ledgers,
putlogs etc., which is parallel to the wall at a distance of about 1.2 m.
Distance between the standards is about 2 to 2.5 m. Ledgers connect the
standards at vertical interval of 1.2 to 1.5 m. Putlogs are taken out from the
hole left in the wall to one end of the ledgers. Putlogs are placed at an
interval of 1.2 to 1.5 m.

Double Scaffolding:
Double Scaffolding is generally used for stone masonry so, it is also called
as masons scaffolding. In stone walls, it is hard to make holes in the
wall to support putlogs. So, two rows of scaffolding is constructed to
make it strong. The first row is 20 30 cm away from the wall and
the other one is 1m away from the first row. Then putlogs are placed
which are supported by the both frames. To make it more strong
rakers and cross braces are provided. This is also called as
independent scaffolding.

Cantilever Scaffolding:
This a type of scaffolding in which the standards are supported on series of
needles and these needles are taken out through holes in the wall. This is
called single frame type scaffolding. In the other type needles are strutted
 inside the floors through the openings and this is called independent or
double frame type scaffolding. Care should be taken while construction of
cantilever scaffolding.

Generally cantilever scaffoldings are used under conditions such as

When the ground does not having the capacity to support standards,
When the Ground near the wall is to be free from traffic,
When upper part of the wall is under construction.

Suspended Scaffolding:
In suspended scaffolding, the working platform is suspended from roofs with
the help of wire ropes or chains etc., it can be raised or lowered to our
required level. This type of scaffolding is used for repair works, pointing,
paintings etc..

Trestle Scaffolding:
In Trestle scaffolding, the working platform is supported on movable tripods
or ladders. This is generally used for work inside the room, such as
paintings, repairs etc., up to a height of 5m.

Steel Scaffolding:
Steel scaffolding is constructed by steel tubes which are fixed together by
steel couplers or fittings. It is very easy to construct or dismantle. It has
greater strength, greater durability and higher fire resistance. It is not
economical but will give more safety for workers. So, it is used extensively
nowadays.
 Patented Scaffolding:
Patented scaffoldings are made up of
steel but these are equipped with special
couplings and frames etc., these are
readymade scaffoldings which are
available in the market. In this type of
scaffolding working platform is arranged on
brackets which can be adjustable to our
required level.

scaffold accessories

SLEEVE COUPLER
Description: It is used for connecting two 48.3mm scaffold tubes, zinc galvanized for enhanced
durability manufactured to JIS (Japan Industrial Standard) 3444 to ensure high level of quality
standards.

INNER JOINT PIN

Description: It is used for connecting two 48.3mm scaffold tubes, zinc galvanized for enhanced
durability manufactured to JIS (Japan Industrial Standard) 3444 to ensure high level of quality
standards.
DURABLE RATCHET WRENCH
Description: Matte coated finish for better grip, high quality alloy for enhanced strength and durability
to be used in construction, maintenance and civil works.

ALUMINIUM DOUBLE COUPLER

Description: Used to create custom angles with 2 tubes. Once in required position, clamps can be
securely tightened. Our aluminium coupler is useful when securing aluminium scaffold, where diameter
will be thicker.

STEEL DOUBLE COUPLER

Description: We do stock both fixed and swivel couplers manufactured to JIS 3444 standards. In
addition, we also stock new or used steel scaffolding accessories used for pipe scaffolds.

scaffolding
Scaffolding, also called scaffold [1] or staging,[2] is a temporary structure used to support a work
crew and materials to aid in the construction,
maintenance and repair of buildings, bridges and all
other man made structures. Scaffolding is also used in
adapted forms for formwork and shoring, grandstand
seating, concert stages, access/viewing towers,
exhibition stands, ski ramps, half pipes and art projects.
There are four main types of scaffolding used worldwide
today. These are Tube and Coupler (fitting)
components, prefabricated modular system scaffold
components, H-frame / facade modular system
scaffolds, and timber scaffolds. Each type is made from
several components which often include:

A base jack or plate which is a load-bearing

base for the scaffold.
The standard, the upright component with
connector joins.

The ledger, a horizontal brace.

The transom, a horizontal cross-section load-

bearing component which holds the batten,
board, or decking unit.
 Brace diagonal and/or cross
section bracing component.

Batten or board decking

component used to
make the working platform.

Coupler, a fitting used to

join components together.

Scaffold tie, used to tie

in the scaffold to structures.

Brackets, used to
extend the width of working
platforms.

Specialized components used to aid

in their use as a temporary structure
often include heavy duty load bearing
transoms, ladders or stairway units
for the ingress and egress of the
scaffold, beams ladder/unit types
used to span obstacles and rubbish
chutes used to remove unwanted materials from the scaffold or construction project

Materials
The basic components of scaffolding are tubes, couplers and boards
The basic lightweight tube scaffolding that became the standard and revolutionised scaffolding,
becoming the baseline for decades, was invented and marketed in the mid-1950s. With one basic 24
pound unit a scaffold of various sizes and heights could be assembled easily by a couple of
labourers without the nuts or bolts previously needed. [6]
Tubes are usually made either of steel or aluminium, although there is composite scaffolding, which
uses filament-wound tubes of glass fibre in a nylon or polyester matrix, because of the high cost of
composite tube, it is usually only used when there is a risk from overhead electric cables that cannot
be isolated. If steel, they are either 'black' or galvanised. The tubes come in a variety of lengths and
a standard diameter of 48.3 mm. (1.5 NPS pipe). The chief difference between the two types of
metal tubes is the lower weight of aluminium tubes (1.7 kg/m as opposed to 4.4 kg/m). However they
are more flexible and have a lower resistance to stress. Tubes are generally bought in 6.3 m lengths
and can then be cut down to certain typical sizes. Most large companies will brand their tubes with
their name and address in order to deter theft.