International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE) ISSN: 2349-2163

Issue 04, Volume 4 (April 2017) www.ijirae.com

HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE WITH QUAINARY

BLEND
Ashwini E Sonawane Dr.S.P.Ahirrao
Post Graduate Student / Civil Department Professor / Civil Department
S.S.V.P.S College of Engineering Sandip Institute of engineering And Management
Dhule, Maharashtra. Nasik.
Manuscript History
Number: IJIRAE/RS/Vol.04/Issue04/APAE10083
Received: 25, March 2017
Final Correction: 08, April 2017
Final Accepted: 08, April 2017
Published: April 2017

Abstract - The concrete is probably most extensively used for construction material in the world. The conventional
concrete does not serve the present needs. It is considered as durable & strong material, reinforced concrete is one of
the most popular materials. It improves workability, durability & the ultimate strength of the concrete. The utilization of
supplementary cementitious material is accepted since it leads to several possible improvements in the concrete
composites as well as overall economy. Subsequently these have led to the development of binary, ternary, quaternary
blend which can further improve properties of concrete. The present paper deals with the study of properties namely
workability & compressive strength of various grade of HPC using quainary mixesto find out the sustainable saving in
quainary of cement & less production of cement meansincorporating cement , fly ash, silica fume, GGBS & rice husk
ash with admixture & to reduce the quantity of cement with SCMs & durability of the concrete which helps to increased
the workability& increase the strength of the concrete using various percentage of SCMs in M80 grade Concrete.The
result also shows that strength of ternary, quaternary blended concrete. Therefore it can be said that, quainary mix is
replacement of 40% cement. The virtual elimination of voids can be reduced due to use of one more cementitious
material i.e. Rice Husk in quainary blended HPC Concrete & hence the strength of concrete can be increased than
Ternary and Quaternary blend.
Keywords - High Performance Concrete, Quainary blend, Micro Silica, Ultrafine Slag, Rice Husk.

I. INTRODUCTION
Concrete is the worlds most versatile, durable and reliable construction material.At the turn of the 20th century, concrete
compressive strength was in the range of 13.8 MPa, by the 1960s it was in the range of 27.6-41.4 MPa. Deterioration, long
term poor performance, and inadequate resistance to hostile environment, coupled with greater demands for more
sophisticated architectural form, led to the accelerated research into the microstructure of cements and concretes and more
elaborate codes and standards.[1]
As a result, new materials and composites have been developed and improved cements evolved.One major remarkable
quality in the making of High performance concrete (HPC) is the virtualelimination of voids in the concrete matrix, which
are mainly the cause of most of the ills that generate deterioration.HPCs with compressive strength of 140 MPa are
currently being used in High rise structures in Asia and Europe. [2]
One of the efficient methods to conserve the Mother Natures resources and reduce the environmental impact is to use
supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) by replacing OPC in concrete most of SCMs are pozzolonic in nature and
hence increase later strength of concrete. Blending of SCMs with cement has many advantages such as saving in cement,
recycling of waste products, increase physical properties of concrete and reduces environmental impact. Some SCMs are
Fly Ash, Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS), Micro Silica and Rice Husk Ash (RHA). [3]
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
IJIRAE: Impact Factor Value SJIF: Innospace, Morocco (2016): 3.916 | PIF: 2.469 | Jour Info: 4.085 |
ISRAJIF (2016): 3.715 | Indexcopernicus: (ICV 2015): 47.91
IJIRAE 2014- 17, All Rights Reserved Page -1
 International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE) ISSN: 2349-2163
Issue 04, Volume 4 (April 2017) www.ijirae.com

Fly ash improves Performance and quality of concrete. High finess and low carbon content reduces the water demand of
concrete by improve workability. It reduces the segregation of concrete. Prevent plastic shrinkage [4]. The particles are
extremely fine of silica fume, contribute strength and void filling mechanism because it consist lime stone. it increase
water demand also increase slump means workability consistent. Does not affect setting time and it is pozzolonic material.
[5]. Ground granulated blast furnace slag has lower heat of hydration, hence generates less heat during concrete production
and curing. Small reduction in water content then consistence (easily placed and compact) also longer
workability.Percentage replacements by weight of GGBS for cement have ranged from 20 to 80% [6]. In rice husk ash the
effect of incineration conditions on the pozzolanic characteristics of the ash.RHA has not been utilized in the construction
industry yet, the reason for that may be due to the lack of understanding of RHA blended concrete characteristics. Also
increase RHA fineness enhanced the strength of blended concrete. [7] Keeping all these things in view, an attempt has
been made in the present paper to study of propertiesnamely workability and compressive strength of M80 grade HPC
using quainary mixes incorporating Cement, Fly Ash, Micro Silica, Ultrafine Slag and Rice Husk Ash along with SP440
chemical admixture.
II. SCOPE OF WORK
Keeping research significance in mind, it was decided to do this investigation by givingemphasis to the three main
objectives, viz. air, permeability, sorptivity and ionic transport which primarily contribute to the deterioration of concrete
in different exposure environments, in addition to high strength. The durability was assessed in terms of chloride ingress,
carbonation and salt scaling. In addition, electrical resistivity (because it influences the rate of corrosion of steel in
concretes) results were also reported. The hydration study of the blended cement pastes means workability, at the same
replacement levels is also presented. This is essential to develop guidelines for designing and producing HPCs containing
high volumes of fly ash, silica fume, rise husk and slag.

III. EXPERIMENTAL WORK

3.1 MATERIALS
TABLE 1 MATERIAL
MATERIAL SP. GRAVITY GRADE TYPE SOURCE
CEMENT 3.15 53OPC Ambuja cement
FLY ASH 2.3 Class F RMC Plant
MICRO SILICA 2.3 Densified Baroda(CHIMIQUE COR)
ULTRAFINE SLAG 2.9 - Rajuri Steel Industry
RICE HUSK 2.14 Grade F Agricultural waste from Pimplner.
FINE AGGREGATE 2.74 Zone II Crushed Aggregate
COARSE AGGREGATE 2.5 57%-20mm & 43%-10mm Locally available
CHEMICAL ADMIXTURE 1.215 SP 440(M) From RMC Plant
3.2 MIX PROPORTION.
Mix proportion of M80 grade HPC mix was obtained by making certain modifications in the mix proportion arrived
atusing the guidelines of IS Code method. The mix proportion was obtained without considering any replacement
ofcement by SCMs. After Mix design was studied by using the IS 10262:2009, a cement content of 642kg/m3 and water-
binder ratio of 0.24 were finalized based on 28 days compressive strength gain of HPC mix and desired workability
properties.
THUS, FOR MAKING HPC MIXES THE MIX PROPORTION WAS AS FOLLOWS:
Cement content-642kg/m3
Water binder ratio-0.24
Fine aggregate-601.34 kg/m3
Coarse aggregate-1040.00kg/m3
Water-154kg/m3
Chemical admixture-1.2%
3.3 PREPARATION OF HPC MIX.
The required quantities of all the ingredients were taken by weigh batching. Mixing of the ingredients was done in a
panmixer as per the standard procedure. A reference mix was prepared using a water-binder ratio of 0.24 and suitable
chemical Admixture content was added in order to get desired workability. The workability of the concrete was studied by
conducting slump cone tests as per the standard procedure (Fig.1&Fig.2). Standard cube specimens of 150mm x 150mm x
150mm size were casted using the procedure described in IS Code and were immediately taken for curing and kept there
for 24 hours and then released inwater tank for 7 and 28 days curing.All the HPC mixes were prepared using the same mix
proportion and water-binder ratio and considered for study ofworkability and strength properties of HPC mixes.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________
IJIRAE: Impact Factor Value SJIF: Innospace, Morocco (2016): 3.916 | PIF: 2.469 | Jour Info: 4.085 |
ISRAJIF (2016): 3.715 | Indexcopernicus: (ICV 2015): 47.91
IJIRAE 2014- 17, All Rights Reserved Page -2
 International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE) ISSN: 2349-2163
Issue 04, Volume 4 (April 2017) www.ijirae.com

Fig.1 Fig.2
Slump Cone Test
3.4 TESTING OF SPECIMEN.
After 7 days and 28 days of curing period, the specimens were taken outside the curing tank and weretested under a
compression testing machine of 2000KN capacity for compressive strength.

Fig. no.3 Compression test on Specimen

IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The results for slump cone test and compressive strength for 7days and 28 days are given in Table 2and Table 3 respectively.
TABLE 2 SLUMP CONE TEST.
Mix No. MIX PROPORTION
WORKABILITY
CEMENT FLY ASH SILICA FUME GGBS RISE HUSK (SLUMP CONE TEST MM) ADMIXTURE DOSE (%)
N 100 - - - - 139 1.2%
T1 70 20 10 0 0 140 1.2%
T2 70 20 0 10 0 151 1.2%
Q1 70 20 5 5 0 160 1.2%
Qu1 70 10 5 5 10 162 1.2%
T3 65 25 10 0 0 152 1.2%
T4 65 25 0 10 0 149 1.2%
Q2 65 25 5 5 0 158 1.2%
Qu2 65 20 5 5 5 159 1.2%
T5 65 20 15 0 0 154 1.2%
T6 65 20 0 15 0 145 1.2%
Q3 65 20 7.5 7.5 0 161 1.2%
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
IJIRAE: Impact Factor Value SJIF: Innospace, Morocco (2016): 3.916 | PIF: 2.469 | Jour Info: 4.085 |
ISRAJIF (2016): 3.715 | Indexcopernicus: (ICV 2015): 47.91
IJIRAE 2014- 17, All Rights Reserved Page -3
 International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE) ISSN: 2349-2163
Issue 04, Volume 4 (April 2017) www.ijirae.com

Qu3 65 15 7.5 7.5 5 160 1.2%

T7 60 25 15 0 0 158 1.2%
T8 60 25 0 15 0 153 1.2%
Q4 60 25 7.5 7.5 0 159 1.2%
Qu4 60 20 7.5 7.5 5 162 1.2%

165
160
155
150
145
Slump in mm
140
135
130
125
N T1 T2 Q1 Qu1 T3 T4 Q2 Qu2 T5 T6 Q3 Qu3 T7 T8 Q4 Qu4

Various Binding Materials

Table 3compressive strength Results

MIX NO. MIX PROPORTION

Cement Fly ash Silica fume GGBS Rise husk Strength @ Strength @ Admixture dose
7 days (MPa) 28days (MPa) (%)
N 100 - - - - 70.00 82.23 1.2%
T1 70 20 10 0 0 57.08 80.00 1.2%
T2 70 20 0 10 0 42.00 81.11 1.2%
Q1 70 20 5 5 0 52.00 80.27 1.2%
Qu1 70 10 5 5 10 52.11 81.45 1.2%
T3 65 25 10 0 0 51.68 80.29 1.2%
T4 65 25 0 10 0 42.23 80.11 1.2%
Q2 65 25 5 5 0 45.29 80.48 1.2%
Qu2 65 20 5 5 5 46.00 81.48 1.2%
T5 65 20 15 0 0 44.63 80.20 1.2%
MIX NO. MIX PROPORTION
Cement Fly ash Silica fume GGBS Rise Strength @ Strength@ Admixture dose
Husk 7 days (MPa) 28days (MPa) (%)
T6 65 20 0 15 0 42.16 80.71 1.2%
Q3 65 20 7.5 7.5 0 49.41 81.30 1.2%
Qu3 65 15 7.5 7.5 5 49.21 81.73 1.2%
T7 60 25 15 0 0 46.72 80.78 1.2%
T8 60 25 0 15 0 51.91 80.09 1.2%
Q4 60 25 7.5 7.5 0 52.86 81.2 1.2%
Qu4 60 20 7.5 7.5 5 59.00 81.69 1.2%

___________________________________________________________________________________________________
IJIRAE: Impact Factor Value SJIF: Innospace, Morocco (2016): 3.916 | PIF: 2.469 | Jour Info: 4.085 |
ISRAJIF (2016): 3.715 | Indexcopernicus: (ICV 2015): 47.91
IJIRAE 2014- 17, All Rights Reserved Page -4
 International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE) ISSN: 2349-2163
Issue 04, Volume 4 (April 2017) www.ijirae.com

90
80
70
60
50 Strength in
40 MPa 7 days
28 days
30
20
10
0
N T1 T2 Q1 Qu1 T3 T4 Q2 Qu2 T5 T6 Q3 Qu3 T7 T8 Q4 Qu4
VARIOUS BINDING MATERIALS

The target strength of M80 grade. HPC mix is 88.25N/mm2 it can be seen from table that compressive strength of Quainary
Mix is more or less equal to M80 grade HPC the result also shows that strength of T, Q blended concrete. Therefore it can
be said that Qu mix is replacement of 40% cement by (Fly ash, Silica Fume,GGBS, Rice husk) the SCMs (20%, 7.5%,
7.5%, 5%). The virtual elimination of voids may get reduced due to use of one more cementitious material i.e. Rice Husk
in Quainary blended HPC Concrete. & hence the strength of concrete may get increased than Ternary and Quaternary
blend.
V. CONCLUSION
The quainary mix gives better strength than ternary & quaternary strength. it gives strength of 28 days is nearly same of
targeted strength means 81.69N/mm2.The quainary blend solves problem of bleeding of ternary mix with ultrafine slag
and also the decrease in workability in case of ternary blend with micro silica, so there is substantial saving in cost also. So
quainary blend is a better option than ternary & quaternary blend, which has some limitations. And there substantial saving
in quantity of saving in quantity of cement is required so environmental degradation is reduced, thus it also helps in
sustainable development. In this test we should be concluded the Quantity of cement required for HPC will get reduced by
40% by using the SCMs hence the cost of HPC also decreased by using Quainary blended material.

REFERENCES

[1].Duval,R.(1998), Influence of silica fume on the workability and the compressive strength of high performance
concretes, Cement and Concrete Research,Vol.28,pp.533-547.
[2].Joshi R. C. and Nagraj. T.S. Generalization of flow behavior of cement fly ash pastes, Journal of Materials in Civil
Engineering, August, 1990.
[3].Mehta P.K., Role of pozzolanic and cementitious material in sustainable development of the concrete industry, in:
V.M. Malhotra (Ed.),Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on the Use of Fly Ash, Silica Fume, Slag, and
Natural Pozzolans in Concrete, ACI SP- 178, 1, Bangkok. ACI International, SP-178, Farmington Hills, Michigan,
1998, pp. 1 25.
[4].S.C.Rangwala, Highway Engineering, Charotar Publishing House PVT. LTD
[5].IS: 10262-2009: Concrete Mix Proportioning-guidelines, Bureau of Indian Standards, and New Delhi.
[6].IS: 516-1959: Methods of tests for strength of concrete, Bureau of Indian standards, NewDelhi.
[7].IS 456: 2000, Indian standard code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete, Bureau of Indian Standard, New
Delhi.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________
IJIRAE: Impact Factor Value SJIF: Innospace, Morocco (2016): 3.916 | PIF: 2.469 | Jour Info: 4.085 |
ISRAJIF (2016): 3.715 | Indexcopernicus: (ICV 2015): 47.91
IJIRAE 2014- 17, All Rights Reserved Page -5