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BrownMath.comStatsw/oTearsSymbols

StatswithoutTears
StatisticsSymbolSheet
Updated21Feb2014
Copyright20022017byStanBrown

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RelationalSymbols

equals isnotequalto
=
isthesameas isdierentfrom

isgreaterthan
isgreaterthanorequalto
ismorethan
> isatleast
exceeds or>= isnotlessthan
isabove

islessthanorequalto
islessthan isatmost

< isfewerthan doesnotexceed
isbelow or<= isnotgreaterthan
isnomorethan

A<x<B xisbetweenAandB,exclusive

AxB xisbetweenAandB,inclusive

AB AisapproximatelyequaltoB

Herearesymbolsforvarioussamplestatisticsandthecorrespondingpopulationparameters.Theyarenotrepeatedinthe
listbelow.

sample population
description
statistic parameter

n N numberofmembersofsampleorpopulation

mu
xxbar mean
orx

MorMed (none) median

s sigma standarddeviation
(TIssaySx) orx Forvariance,applyasquaredsymbol(sor).

r rho coecientoflinearcorrelation

pphat p proportion

zt (n/a) calculatedteststatistic

andcantakesubscriptstoshowwhatyouaretakingthemeanorstandarddeviationof.Forinstance,
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andcantakesubscriptstoshowwhatyouaretakingthemeanorstandarddeviationof.Forinstance,x(sigmasubx
bar)isthestandarddeviationofsamplemeans,orstandarderrorofthemean.

RomanLetters

b=yinterceptofaline.DenedhereinChapter4.(Somestatisticsbooksuseb0.)

BDorBPD=binomialprobabilitydistribution.DenedhereinChapter6.

CI=condenceinterval.DenedhereinChapter9.

CLT=CentralLimitTheorem.DenedhereinChapter8.

d=dierencebetweenpaireddata.DenedhereinChapter11.

dfornu=degreesoffreedominaStudentstordistribution.DenedhereinChapter9.Denedherein
Chapter12.

DPD=discreteprobabilitydistribution.DenedhereinChapter6.

E=marginoferror,a/k/amaximumerroroftheestimate.DenedhereinChapter9.

f=frequency.DenedhereinChapter2.

f/n=relativefrequency.DenedhereinChapter2.

HT=hypothesistest.DenedhereinChapter10.

Ho=nullhypothesis.DenedhereinChapter10.

H1orHa=alternativehypothesis.DenedhereinChapter10.

IQR=interquartilerange,Q3Q1.DenedhereinChapter3.

m=slopeofaline.DenedhereinChapter4.(TheTI83usesaandsomestatisticsbooksuseb1.)

MorMed=medianofasample.DenedhereinChapter3.

n=samplesize,numberofdatapoints.DenedhereinChapter2.Also,numberoftrialsinaprobability
experimentwithabinomialmodel.DenedhereinChapter6.

N=populationsize.

ND=normaldistribution,whosegraphisabellshapedcurve;alsonormallydistributed.Denedherein
Chapter7.

p=probabilityvalue.Thespecicmeaningdependsoncontext.
Ingeometricandbinomialprobabilitydistributions,pistheprobabilityofsuccess(denedherein
Chapter6)onanyonetrialandq=(1p)istheprobabilityoffailure(theonlyotherpossibility)onanyonetrial.
Inhypothesistesting,pisthecalculatedpvalue(denedhereinChapter10),theprobabilitythatrejecting
thenullhypothesiswouldbeawrongdecision.
Intestsofpopulationproportions,pstandsforpopulationproportionandpforsampleproportion(seetable 2/4
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Intestsofpopulationproportions,pstandsforpopulationproportionandpforsampleproportion(seetable
above).

P(A)=theprobabilityofeventA.

P(AC)orP(notA)=theprobabilitythatAdoesnothappen.DenedhereinChapter5.

P(B|A)=theprobabilitythateventBwillhappen,giventhateventAdenitelyhappens.Itsusuallyreadas
theprobabilityofBgivenA.DenedhereinChapter5.
Caution!TheorderofAandBmayseembackwardtoyouatrst.

P80orP80=80thpercentile(PkorPk=kthpercentile)DenedhereinChapter3.

q=probabilityoffailureonanyonetrialinbinomialorgeometricdistribution,equalto(1p)wherepisthe
probabilityofsuccessonanyonetrial.DenedhereinChapter6.

Q1orQ1=rstquartile(Q3orQ3=thirdquartile)DenedhereinChapter3.

r=linearcorrelationcoecientofasample.DenedhereinChapter4.

R=coecientofdetermination.DenedhereinChapter4.

s=standarddeviationofasample.DenedhereinChapter3.

SD(ors.d.)=standarddeviation.DenedhereinChapter3.

SEM=standarderrorofthemean(symbolisx).DenedhereinChapter8.

SEP=standarderroroftheproportion(symbolisp).DenedhereinChapter8.

X(capitalX)=avariable.

x(lowercasex)=onedatavalue(rawscore).Asacolumnheading,xmeansaseriesofdatavalues.

xxbar=meanofasample.DenedhereinChapter3.

yhat=predictedaverageyvalueforagivenx,foundbyusingtheregressionequation.Denedherein
Chapter4.

z=standardscoreorzscore.DenedhereinChapter3.

z(area)orzarea=thezscore,suchthatthatmuchoftheareaunderthenormalcurveliestotherightofthatz.
Thisisnotamultiplication!(SeeThezFunction[URL:hp://BrownMath.com/swt/chap07.htm#c07_zFunc].)

GreekLetters

alpha=signicancelevelinhypothesistest,oracceptableprobabilityofaTypeIerror(probabilityyoucan
livewith).DenedhereinChapter10.1=condencelevel.

beta=inahypothesistest,theacceptableprobabilityofaTypeIIerror;1iscalledthepowerofthetest.

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mu,pronouncedmew=meanofapopulation.DenedhereinChapter3.

nu:seedf,above.

rho,pronouncedroe=linearcorrelationcoecientofapopulation.

sigma=standarddeviationofapopulation.DenedhereinChapter3.

xsigmasubxbar;seeSEMabove.

psigmasubphat;seeSEPabove.

sigma=summation.(Thisisuppercasesigma.Lowercasesigma,,meansstandarddeviationofa
population;seethetablenearthestartofthispage.)SeeMeansAddemUp[URL:
hp://BrownMath.com/swt/chap01.htm#c01_BigSigma]inChapter1.

chisquared=distributionformultinomialexperimentsandcontingencytables.DenedhereinChapter12.

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