Drug Name Route and Classification Indication Mechanism of action Side effects NURSING Considerations

Dosage
Clopidogrel 75 mg Tab Anticoagulant, Prophylaxis of Clopidogrel selectively Hematoma - May be taken with or
antiplatelet thromboembolic inhibits adenosine Epistaxis without food.
disorders, Acute diphosphate (ADP) from - Monitor for signs of
coronary binding to its platelet P2Y12 Diarrhea
bleeding; Hb and hematocrit
syndrome, receptor and subsequent abdominal pain periodically
activation of glycoprotein bruising
GPIIb/IIIa complex thus
reducing platelet
aggregation.
Aspirin 80 mg tab Nonsteroidal Mild to Aspirin is an analgesic, anti- GI disturbance - Should be taken with food.
Anti-Inflammatory moderate pain inflammatory and antipyretic. prolonged - Alcohol, corticosteroids,
Drugs (NSAIDs) / and fever, It inhibits cyclooxygenase, bleeding time analgin, phenylbutazone
Anticoagulants, Prophylaxis of which is responsible for the rhinitis and oxyphenbutazone may
Antiplatelets & myocardial synthesis of prostaglandin increase risk of GI
urticarial
Fibrinolytics infarction, and thromboxane. It also ulceration. Aspirin increases
(Thrombolytics) Juvenile inhibits platelet aggregation. epigastric
phenytoin levels. May
rheumatoid discomfort
antagonize actions of
arthritis, Pain angioedema
uricosurics and
and spironolactone.
inflammation - May potentiate effects of
associated with anticoagulants,
musculoskeletal methotrexate and oral
and joint hypoglycemic.
disorders,
Captopril 75-100 mg ACE Diabetic Captopril competitively Nonproductive cough - Should be taken on an
tab Inhibitors/Direct nephropathy inhibits the conversion of Dyspnea empty stomach. Take 1 hr
Renin Inhibitors Post-myocardial angiotensin I (ATI) to before or 2 hr after meals.
infarction angiotensin II (ATII), thus Headache
- May impair ability to drive
Hypertension resulting in reduced ATII abdominal pain and operate machinery.
Heart failure levels and aldosterone dry mouth - Concurrent treatment w/
secretion. It also increases dizziness NSAIDs reduces
plasma renin activity and hypotensive action and
bradykinin levels. Reduction GI disturbances
increases the risk of
of ATII leads to decreased Na Hypotension nephrotoxicity.
and water retention. This Tachycardia - Food may reduce serum
promotes vasodilation and chest pain levels of Captopril. Avoid
BP reduction. ginseng (may worsen HTN)
palpitations
and garlic (may increase
Pruritus
antihypertensive effect).
skin rashes
Morphine Cough & Cold - Moderate to Morphine is a phenanthrene Nausea & vomiting - May be taken with or
Preparations / severe pain derivative which acts mainly Constipation without food. May be taken
Analgesics - Acute on the CNS and smooth w/ meals to reduce GI
(Opioid) muscles. It binds to opiate abdominal pain
discomfort.
pulmonary
edema receptors in the CNS altering dry mouth - May impair ability to drive or
- Pain pain perception and respiratory depression operate machinery.
associated response. Analgesia, sedation - Monitor efficacy of pain
with euphoria and dependence control, vital signs, and
are thought to be due to its dizziness
myocardial mental status; signs of drug
infarction action at the mu-1 receptors confusion abuse, addiction, or
while resp depression and insomnia diversion; signs or
inhibition of intestinal headache symptoms of hypogonadism
movements are due to action or hypoadrenalism.
at the mu-2 receptors. Spinal involuntary muscle
contractions - Alcohol enhances the CNS
analgesia is mediated by depressant effect of
morphine agonist action at rash
morphine.
the K receptor. bronchospasm
seizures
amenorrhea
Nitroglycerin 1 patch Anti-Anginal Management of Glyceryl trinitrate acts on the Facial flushing - Orthostatic hypotension
Drugs stable angina enzyme nitric oxide Dizziness may be produced by
stimulating guanylate cyclase Tachycardia combined use of calcium
in the vascular smooth channel blockers,
throbbing
muscle cells resulting in the antihypertensives,
headache and
relaxation of smooth phenothiazines and TCAs.
tolerance
muscles. It reduces venous Alcohol may cause severe
return (preload) and vomiting,
hypotension and collapse.
facilitates subendocardial restlessness,
- Aspirin and other NSAIDs
blood flow with redistribution hypotension
may reduce the therapeutic
into ischaemic areas. It Contact
response to glyceryl
relieves coronary vasospasm dermatitis trinitrate.
and dilates arterioles Hypotension - Make sure to clean area
reducing afterload. It is useful thoroughly, especially if an
for relief and prevention of old patch was there. Make
anginal attacks. sure area is completely dry
before administering patch.
Wear gloves
Insulin Insulin - Diabetic Insulin lowers blood glucose
Preparations ketoacidosis levels. It regulates carbohydrate,
protein and fat metabolism by
- Diabetes inhibiting hepatic glucose
mellitus
production and lipolysis, and
enhancing peripheral glucose
disposal. The various insulin
formulations are classified
according to their durations of
action after SC Inj. They are
divided into short-, intermediate-,
or long-acting insulin. Soluble
insulin (also known as 'neutral
insulin' or 'regular insulin') is a
short-acting preparation. To
extend the duration of action of
insulin, preparations are
formulated as suspensions in 2
methods. The 1st method
involves complexing insulin with
a protein so that it is slowly
released, e.g. protamine zinc
insulin (contains an excess of
protamine) and isophane insulin
(or NPH insulin which contains
equal amounts of protamine and
insulin). An alternative method is
particle size modification e.g.
insulin zinc suspensions. While
all the formulations can be
admin by SC inj, most by IM inj,
only soluble insulin can be
admin by IV. Compared to SC
inj, IM admin usually has a faster
onset of action, with a shorter
duration of action.
Hypoglycemia - Possible absence of
insulin resistance hypoglycaemic warning
symptoms with -blockers.
lipoatrophy
- Note: Frequency of blood
hypokalemia
glucose monitoring is
blurred vision determined by the type of
insulin regimen and health
status of the patient.
- Check BP, I&O ratio, and
blood glucose and ketones
every hour during treatment
for ketoacidosis with IV
insulin.
- Respond promptly to
beginning symptoms of
hypoglycemia. Severe
hypoglycemia is an
emergency situation. Take
120 mL of any fruit juice or
regular carbonated
beverage (4590 mL for
child) followed by a meal of
longer-acting carbohydrate
or protein food. Failure to
show signs of recovery
within 30 min indicates need
for emergency treatment.