4/10/2017 7EffectiveTeaching:ExamplesinHistory,Mathematics,andScience|HowPeopleLearn:Brain,Mind,Experience,andSchool:ExpandedEdition|TheN

Pedagogical content knowledge is different from knowledge of general

Howteaching
People methods.
Learn: Brain, Mind,
Expert Experience,
teachers know the and School: of
structure Expande
their disciplines,
and this knowledge provides them with cognitive roadmaps that guide the
assignments they give students, the assessments they use to gauge
students progress, and the questions they ask ininthe
First released the give
Spring and take
of 1999, HowofPeople Learn
classroom life. In short,
Buy Paperback | $39.95
their knowledgehasofbeen
theexpanded to show
discipline andhowtheir
the theories and
insights from the original book can translate into
knowledge of pedagogy interact. But knowledge of thenow
actions and practice, discipline structure
making a real connection
does not in itself guide the teacher.
MyNAP members save For example,
between expert
classroom teachers
activities and are
learning behavior.
This edition includes far-reaching suggestions for
10% online.
sensitive to those aspects of the discipline that are especially hard or easy
research that could increase the impact that
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for new students ormaster.
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save!
Like the original edition, this book oers exciting new
research about the mind and the brain that provides
Download Free PDF answers to a number of compelling questions. When
do infants begin to learn? How do experts learn and
how is this
This means that new teachers must develop thedierent
abilityfrom
tonon-experts?
understand What incana
teachers and schools do-with curricula, classroom
pedagogically reective way; they mustsettings,
not only know their own way
and teaching methods--to help children learn
around a discipline, but must know themost
conceptual barriers
eectively? New evidencelikely to branches
from many
of science has signicantly added to our
hinder others (McDonald and Naso, 1986:8). These conceptual barriers
understanding of what it means to know, from the
differ from discipline to discipline. neural processes that occur during learning to the
inuence of culture on what people see and absorb.
An emphasis on interactions between disciplinary knowledge and
How People Learn examines these ndings and their
pedagogical knowledge directly contradicts common
implications for whatmisconceptions
we teach, how we teach it, and
how weto
about what teachers need to know in order assess what our
design children learn.
effective The book uses
learning
exemplary teaching to illustrate how approaches
environments for their students. The misconceptions
based on what we now are that
know teaching
result in in-depth
learning. This new knowledge calls
consists only of a set of general methods, that a good teacher can teach into question
concepts and practices rmly entrenched in our
any subject, or that content knowledgecurrent
aloneeducation
is sufcient.
system.

Some teachers are able to teach in ways Topics

thatinclude:
involve a variety of
disciplines. However, their ability to do so requires
How learningmore than
actually a set
changes theof
physical
general teaching skills. Consider the case ofstructure of the brain.who has been a
Barb Johnson,
How existing knowledge aects what people
sixth-grade teacher for 12 years at Monroe Middlenotice andSchool. By conventional
how they learn.
standards Monroe is a good school. Standardized What thetest
thoughtscores areofabout
processes experts tell us
about how to teach.
average, class size is small, the building facilities are well maintained, the
The amazing learning potential of infants.
administrator is a strong instructional leader, Theand thereofisclassroom
relationship little faculty
learning and
and
everyday settings of community and workplace.
staff turnover. However, every year parents sending their fth-grade
Learning needs and opportunities for teachers.
students from the local elementary schools Atorealistic
Monroe look atjockey
the role to get theirin
of technology
children assigned to Barb Johnsons classes.education.
What happens in her
classroom that gives it the reputation of being the best of the best?

https://www.nap.edu/read/9853/chapter/11 2/47