TS.

Trn Xun Th

Chng 5 P LC NGANG CA T

5.1 Khi nim

5.1.1 Mc ch
- gi cho khi t sau lng tng c cn bng, khi b trt, tt xung.
- Chng xc l cng trnh mi xy dng bn cnh cng trnh c.
- Chng thnh h mng.

5.1.2 Cu to cc loi tng chn

5.1.3 Cc loi p lc
- p lc tnh E0 : Khi tng hon ton khng c chuyn v, khi t sau lng tng trng
thi cn bng tnh.
- p lc ch ng Ea : Di tc dng ca p lc t, tng chuyn v v pha trc hoc quay
quanh mt gc rt nh quanh mp trc ca chn tng (tng chuyn v cng chiu vi
chiu ca p lc t).
- p lc b ng Ep : Di tc dng ca lc ngoi, tng chuyn v ngang hoc ng v pha
sau (chuyn v tng ngc chiu vi p lc t), khi t sau lng tng b p li v b trt
theo mt mt phng trong t v dc theo lng tng.

Ep

E0

Ea
a p
Chuyn v v trc tng Chuyn v v pha sau tng

Hnh 5.1 Quan h ca chuyn v v p lc t

5.2 p lc tnh E0 ca t ln tng

ng sut thng ng do trng lng bn
z = z
ng sut ngang
x = z

= : h s p lc hng
1
Khi t trng thi tnh, do tnh cht i xng, cc ng sut ng v ngang tng ng vi 2
ng sut chnh
1 = z = z
3 = x = z
p lc tnh E0

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 TS. Trn Xun Th

E0 = Ex = 1 k0 H2
2

k0 = = : h s p lc ngang
1
k0 = 1 - sin

5.3 Tnh ton p lc t theo phng php dng mt trt gi nh ca Coulomb

Cc gi thit:
- Mt trt ca cc khi t trng thi cn bng gii hn l mt mt phng.
- p dng nguyn l cc tr tm tr s p lc t (tr s p lc t tnh ton l tr s ln nht
trong cc tr s p lc ch ng c th c khi t t trng thi cn bng ch ng v tr s
nh nht trong cc tr s p lc b ng c th c khi t t trng thi cn bng b ng).
- Bi ton v tng chn c xem nh bi ton phng, khi tnh ton c tch ra tng on
di 1m tnh ton.

5.3.1 p lc ch ng Ea

i vi t ri:
Xem tng tuyt i cng, t sau lng tng l t ri, ng nht, tng b trt theo mt
phng BC v AB; lng th ABC trng thi cn bng gii hn.

G
C

A
H

=900--
D
W E

H W
+-
N2 N1

T1 R R
E T2 -
K

Hnh 5.2 Tnh ton p lc ch ng theo Coulomb

Trng lng khi t ABC: W

Phn lc ca t nn R gm (N1 , T1)
Phn lc E (ch ng Ea) ca tng i vi lng th trt gm (N2 , T2)
Khi khi ABC trng thi cn bng gii hn (da vo h thc lng trong tam gic: a/sina =
b/sinb = c/sinc), ta c:

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 TS. Trn Xun Th

E W
=
sin( ) sin[180 ( + )]
0

W sin( )
=> E=
sin( + )]
: gc ma st trong ca t
= 900 - -
: gc ma st ngoi ca t
: gc nghing ca lng tng
: gc nghing mi t
: gc to bi phng mt trt BC v phng ngang

* Phng php gii tch

- Gi s mt trt BC ng vi p lc ch ng E, k AD v CH song song vi BK; tam gic

BCH ng dng vi tam gic lc:
E W
=
CH BH
CH
E =W
BH
1
W = AB AC sin(90 0 + )
2
1 CH
=> E = AB AC sin(90 0 + )
2 BH
Ta c GCH ~ GAD
CH GH AD GH
= => CH =
AD GD GD
AC HD AG HD
Xt GAD : = => AC =
AG GD GD

1 AB AD AG HD GH
=> E = sin(90 0 + )
2 GD 2 HB
HD GH
i lng E ch ph thuc vo
HB
t BD = a, BH = x, BG = b
HD GH ( x a) (b x)
=
HB x
Emax -> dE/dx = 0
=> BH2 = BD BG hay x2 = a b
=> BH = x = a b
HD GH
Ta c : ng vi gi tr ca i ca E s bng
HB
HD GH
HB
(
= b a )2

sin( ) cos( )
AB = b ; AD = AB
sin(90 + )
0
sin

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 TS. Trn Xun Th

cos( )
AG = AB ; GD = b a
sin( )
1 cos 2 ( ) 1
=> E = AB 2
2 sin a
2

1 +
b

H
Ta li c AB =
cos
a a AB sin( ) sin( )
= =
b AB b sin sin( )
- p lc ch ng:
1
Ea = K a H 2
2
Vi Ka : h s p lc ch ng
cos 2 ( )
Ka = 2
sin( + ) sin( )
cos cos( + ) 1 +
2

cos( + ) cos( )
: gc ma st ngoi, c th xc nh bng thc nghim.

-0 0 0

0
< 90 - 0 0 0
900 - 900 - /2 0 /4 /2
900 - /2 900 + /2 /4 /2 /3
900 + /2 900 + /3 2/3 3/4
> 900 + /2 3/4

: gc nghing ca mt t p sau lng tng; ly du (+) khi mt t p nm cao hn mt

nm ngang i qua nh tng v ly du () khi ngc li.
= 900 + ; : gc nghing ca lng tng.

- Cng p lc t ch ng ti chn tng, vi chiu cao tam gic l H* = H cos/cos

cos
pa = K a H

* Trng hp = = 0, 0
cos 2 ( )
Ka =
cos (cos + sin ) 2

* Trng hp = = = 0
K a = tan 2 (450 / 2)

i vi t dnh:

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 TS. Trn Xun Th

* Trng hp = = 0, 0

sin( + ) cos( + ) B
E=A
cos sin( + + ) cos sin( + + )
H2
A= ; B = c H cos
2 cos
dE/d = 0
+
= 450
2
1
E max = K a H 2 C c H
2
cos
C=
+
cos 2 450
2
pa = dEmax/dz (thay H bng z), ta c cng p lc ch ng:
pa = K a z C c
- xc nh Ea, cn xc nh chiu su Hc, ti pa = 0. Thay z = Hc ta c:
Ka Hc C c = 0
c
Hc = C
Ka
- p lc ch ng Ea:
1 c2
Ea = K a H C c H + D
2

2
C2
D=
2 Ka

- im t lc nm su cch chn tng mt khong:

H Hc
3

* Trng hp = = = 0
tan B
E=A
tan( + ) cos sin( + )
H2
A= ; B = c H cos
2
+
= 450
2
1
E max = H 2 tan 2 (450 ) 2 c H tan(450 )
2 2 2
dE
- Cng p lc t ch ng p a = max
dz

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 TS. Trn Xun Th

pa = z tan 2 (45 0 ) 2 c tan(450 )
2 2
- Chiu su Hc ti pa = 0
2c
Hc =

tan(450 )
2
- p lc ch ng Ea
1 2c 2
E a = H tan (45 ) 2 c H tan(45 ) +
2 2 0 0

2 2 2
1 2c 2
Ea = K a H 2 2 c H tan(45 0 ) +
2 2

K a = tan 2 (450 )
2
Trng hp c ti phn b u q trn mt p

* t ri
===0
1
Ea = H 2 tan 2 (450 ) + q H tan 2 (450 )
2 2 2

p a = z tan 2 (45 0 ) + q tan 2 (450 )
2 2
q
C th thay ti trng q bng mt lp t c cng trng lng ring , chiu dy l h0 =

cos cos h0
h0' = h0 =
cos( ) 1 + tan tan
H = H + h0

* t dnh
===0
1
Ea = H 2 tan 2 (450 ) + q H tan 2 (450 ) 2 c H tan(450 )
2 2 2 2

p a = z tan 2 (45 0 ) + q tan 2 (450 ) 2 c tan(450 )
2 2 2

5.3.2 p lc b ng Ep
- Nu di tc dng ca lc ngoi, tng chuyn v v pha t v gy ra trng thi cn bng
gii hn b ng, khi t sau tng c kh nng b trt ln mt BC v BA (hnh v).
trng thi cn bng, lng th ABC chu tc dng ca cc lc:
Trng lng bn thn W ca lng th ABC;
Phn lc R ca phn t cn li i vi lng th ABC;
Phn lc E (b ng Ep) ca lng tng i vi lng th.
- p lc b ng ca t

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 TS. Trn Xun Th

sin( + )
Ep = W
sin( + + ' )
0
= 90 - +
Dng phng php gii tch hay gii, ta c kt qu
C

A


+
W R
W

H =900- E
E R

Hnh 5.3 Tnh ton p lc b ng

* t ri
Trng hp = = 0, 0
1
Ep = Kp H2
2
Kp : h s p lc t b ng
cos 2 ( + )
Kp = 2
sin( ) sin( )
cos cos( ) 1
2

cos( ) cos( )
cos 2 ( + )
= 2
cos( ) sin( )
cos cos( )
2

cos( )
cos 2 ( + )
=
cos( ) (cos sin ) 2
Trng hp = = = 0

K p = tan 2 (450 + )
2
Gc gia mt trt v phng ca W ca khi t trt
= (450 + /2)

* t nh
Trng hp = = 0, 0

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 TS. Trn Xun Th

1 c2
Ep = Kp H2 + CcH + D
2 2
cos
C=

cos 2 450
2
c2
D=
2Kp
cos 2 ( + )
kp =
cos( ) (cos sin ) 2

Trng hp = = = 0

p p = tan 2 (45 0 + ) z + 2 c tan(45 0 + )
2 2

p p = K p z + 2 c tan(45 0 + )
2
1 2c 2
E p = tan 2 (450 + ) H 2 + 2 c H tan(450 + ) +
2 2 2
1 2c 2
Ep = K p H 2 + 2 c H tan(45 0 + ) +
2 2

K p = tan 2 (450 + )
2

* Tnh ton p lc b ng Ep theo Coulomb cho kt qu kh ln.

5.4 Tnh ton p lc t theo l thuyt cn bng gii hn

5.4.1 Phng php ca Rankine

Gi thit:
- Gia t v tng khng c ma st ( = 0)
- S hin din ca tng khng ng hng n sc chng ct ca t
- ti su z bt k, p lc phn b song song vi mt t

t ri

- p lc ch ng
cos cos 2 cos 2
p a = z cos
cos + cos 2 cos 2
: gc nghing ca t sau lng tng

- p lc b ng
cos + cos 2 cos 2
p p = z cos
cos cos 2 cos 2

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 TS. Trn Xun Th

* Trng hp t sau lng tng nm ngang (= 0)

- p lc ch ng

p a = z tan 2 450
2

K a = tan 2 450 : h s p lc ch ng
2
1
E a = H 2 tan 2 450
2 2
V tr p lc ch ng Ea ti H/3 k t y tng
- p lc b ng

p p = z tan 2 45 0 +
2

K p = tan 2 450 +
2
1
E p = H 2 tan 2 450 +
2 2
V tr p lc b ng Ep ti H/3 k t y tng

t dnh
===0

- p lc ch ng

p a = z tan 2 450 2 c tan 450
2 2
2c
Hc =

tan 450
2
- p lc b ng

p p = z tan 2 450 + + 2 c tan 450 +
2 2

5.4.2 Phng php s ca Sokolovski

t ri
1 *
Ea = Ka H 2
2
1
E p = K *p H 2
2
K*a , K*p : h s p lc ch ng v b ng theo l thuyt cn bng gii hn.

H s K*a theo Sokolovski

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 TS. Trn Xun Th

0 0 0 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40

0 0,49 0,58 0,65 0,70 0,72 0,73 0,72 0,67
10 5 0,45 0,54 0,61 0,66 0,69 0,70 0,69 0,64
10 0,43 0,51 0,58 0,64 0,67 0,69 0,68 0,63
0 0,27 0,35 0,42 0,49 0,54 0,57 0,60 0,59
20 10 0,23 0,31 0,38 0,44 0,50 0,53 0,56 0,55
20 0,22 0,28 0,35 0,41 0,47 0,51 0,53 0,54
0 0,13 0,20 0,27 0,33 0,40 0,46 0,50 0,52
30 15 0,11 0,17 ,023 0,29 0,36 0,42 0,46 0,48
30 0,10 0,15 0,21 0,27 0,33 0,39 0,43 0,46
0 0,06 0,11 0,16 0,22 0,29 0,35 0,42 0,46
40 20 0,05 0,09 0,13 0,19 0,25 ,032 0,38 0,42
40 0,04 0,07 0,12 0,17 0,23 0,29 0,36 0,41

H s K*p theo Sokolovski

0 0 0 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

0 1,53 1,53 1,49 1,42 1,34 1,18 1,04 0,89 0,71 0,53
10 5 1,71 1,69 1,64 1,55 1,43 1,26 1,10 0,93 0,74 0,55
10 1,88 1,79 1,74 1,63 1,50 1,33 1,15 0,96 0,76 0,55
0 2,76 2,53 2,30 2,04 1,77 1,51 1,26 1,01 0,77 0,56
20 10 3,26 3,11 2,89 2,51 2,16 1,80 1,46 1,16 0,87 0,61
20 4,24 3,79 3,32 2,86 2,42 2,00 1,63 1,25 0,92 0,63
0 5,28 4,42 3,65 3,00 2,39 1,90 1,49 1,15 0,85 0,60
30 15 8,76 7,13 5,63 4,46 3,50 2,70 2,01 1,45 1,03 0,69
11,7 3,29 2,42
30 9,31 7,30 5,67 4,35 1,73 1,23 0,75
2
11,2 2,50 1,86
0 8,34 6,16 4,60 3,37 1,35 0,95 0,64
7
26,7 18,3 13,0 4,41 2,98
40 20 9,11 6,36 1,99 1,33 0,81
0 2 2
43,2 29,4 20,3 13,9 6,30 4,16
40 9,43 2,67 1,65 0,96
3 0 5 6

t dnh
Ti trng tc dng phn b u khp q, = = = 0

pa = ( z + q ) tan 2 450 2 c tan 450
2 2

Pp = ( z + q ) tan 2 450 + + 2 c tan 450 +
2 2

5.5 p lc t ln tng chn mt s trng hp khc

5.5.1. Trng hp t sau lng tng c nhiu lp
- Tnh h s p lc Ka (hoc Kp) cho tng lp t ring bit.
- Tnh v v biu cng p lc t Pa (hoc Pp)
- Tnh Ea (hoc Ep)

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 TS. Trn Xun Th

5.5.2 Trng hp trong t p c mc nc ngm

- Tnh v v cng p lc t Pa (hoc Pp) c xt n ng sut hu hiu
- Tnh v v cng p lc tnh ca nc
- Tnh Ea (hoc Ep) bng tng ca p lc t v p lc ca nc.
Pa1=0
Ka1=tan2(450-1/2)
Lp 1
Ea1 Ka2=tan2(450-2/2)
MNN ya1 Pa1=Ka11h1
Pa2=Ka21h1
Lp Ea
yE Ea2 Ew
ya2 Pw=wh2 yw
O Pa2=Ka2 (1h1+2h2)
Hnh 5.4 t sau lng tng c nhiu lp v mc nc ngm (t ri)
2a + b H
(y= ; a: cnh nh; b: cnh ln)
a+b 3
5.6 Kim tra n nh ca tng chn
5.6.1 Kim tra n nh trt phng ca tng chn

k tp =
N tt f 1,0 1,4
E
Ntt : tng ti trng tnh ton theo phng ng tc dng ln tng (k c trng lng
ca tng v t trn bn mng, nu c)
f : ma st gia y tng v nn, ly f = 0,2 0,5
E : tng ti trng ngang tnh ton tc dng ti y tng, E = Eax - Epx /FS

k tp =
E ps
1,0 1,4
E a

Es = [(p tt U) tg + c] b
ptt = Ntt / F
U: p lc y ni ca nc tc dng ln mng tng chn ng vi chiu rng mt trt
tnh ton (b)
b : chiu rng mng tng chn (chiu rng mt trt tnh ton)
E ps = E p / FS + E s

5.6.2 Kim tra n nh lt theo Coulomb

kts =
M giu / 0 1,0 1,4
M truot / 0
5.6.3 Kim tra n nh trt su
R
k at = 1,0 1,4
N tt
R: kh nng chu ti ca t nn di y mng tng
H s an ton n nh trt

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 TS. Trn Xun Th

T hp ti Cp cng trnh
trng I II III IV V
C bn 1,40 1,30 1,20 1,15 1,10
c bit 1,20 1,15 1,10 1,05 1,00

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 TS. Trn Xun Th

Bi tp:

5.1 Mt tng chn t cao 6m, t p sau tng l loi t st do cng c =19.0kN/m3,
=190, c =11kN/m2, mc nc ngm rt su. Bit rng tng thng ng, lng tng trn
lng, t p sau tng nm ngang.
1. Xc nh chiu su (m) c kh nng o t m khng phi chn (p lc t ch ng bng
0) [3.24]
2. Xc nh ln (kN/m) v im t (m) (so vi chn tng) ca p lc t ch ng tc
dng ln tng [92,58 v 1,459]
3. Trng hp = = = 100, c = 0 kN/m2, Xc nh ln (kN/m) v im t (m) (so vi
chn tng) ca p lc t ch ng tc dng ln tng [222 v 2 ]
4. t trc lng tng cao 2m, xc nh ln (kN/m) v im t (m) (so vi chn tng)
ca p lc t b ng tc dng ln tng.
q =100kN/m2
5.2 Mt tng chn t bng BTCT cao 8m, t sau lng
tng gm 2 lp ct c cc c trng nh hnh v:
Tng thng ng, trn lng, t sau lng tng nm
ngang. Mc nc ngm nm rt su. Lp 1:
1. Xc nh ln (kN/m) v im t (m) (cch chn =19.5kN/m3
tng O) ca tng p lc t ch ng (trn 1m tng) ca =280 4m
on tng lp 1 tc dng ln thn tng. [200,72; 5,81]. c=0
2. Xc nh ln (kN/m) v im t (m) (cch chn
tng O) ca tng p lc t ch ng (trn 1m tng)
ca on thn tng lp 2. [290,67 v 1,88]. Lp 2:
3. Xc nh ln (kN/m) v im t (m) (cch chn =20.0kN/m3 4m
tng O) ca tng p lc t ch ng (trn 1m tng) =300
tc dng ln ton thn tng. [491,39 v 3,485]. c=0

4. Xc nh ln (kN/m) v im t (m) (cch chn O

tng O) ca tng p lc t ch ng (trn 1m tng).
tc dng ln ton thn tng khi c mc nc ngm ngay ti mt t. [ 702,5 v 3,23 ].
5. Xc nh ln (kN/m) v im t (m) (cch chn tng O) ca tng p lc t ch ng
(trn 1m tng) tc dng ln ton thn tng khi c mc nc ngm ngay ti nh lp t th
2. [544,72 v 3,27].
6. Xc nh ln (kN/m) v im t (m) (cch chn tng O) ca tng p lc t ch ng
(trn 1m tng) tc dng ln ton thn tng khi: lp 2 c c = 10 kN/m2 v mc nc ngm
ngay ti nh lp t th 2. [498,32 ; 3,39].
7. Trng hp t trc tng cao 4m so vi chn tng, =20kN/m3, =300, c = 0. Xc
nh p lc b ng ca t tc dng ln tng [480 kN/m]
8. Kim tra n nh trt phng ca tng, cho bit tng dy 0,5m, bt=25kN/m3, h s ma
st f = 0,3; ktp = 1,3, (MNN nm rt su), [2,63>1,3]
9. Kim tra n nh trt lt ca tng vi kts = 1,3, (MNN nm rt su), [0,388<1,3].

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 TS. Trn Xun Th

5.3 Mt tng chn t bng BTCT cao 10m, t sau lng tng gm 2 lp t c cc c
trng nh hnh v:
Tng thng ng, trn lng, t sau lng tng nm ngang. Mc nc ngm nm rt su.
1. Xc nh ln (kN/m) v im t (m) (cch chn tng O) ca tng p lc t ch ng
(trn 1m tng) ca on tng lp 1 tc dng ln thn tng.
2. Xc nh ln (kN/m) v im t (m) (cch chn tng O) ca tng p lc t ch ng
(trn 1m tng) ca on thn tng lp 2.
q =100kN/m2
3. Xc nh ln (kN/m) v im t (m)
(cch chn tng O) ca tng p lc t ch
ng (trn 1m tng) tc dng ln ton thn
tng. Lp 1:
4. Gi s q = 0, xc nh su khi o rt = 18kN/m3
khng phi chn. =26 0 6m
2
5. Xc nh ln (kN/m) v im t (m) c = 10 kN/m
(cch chn tng O) ca tng p lc t ch
ng (trn 1m tng) tc dng ln ton thn
tng khi c mc nc ngm ngay ti mt t. Lp 2:
6. Xc nh ln (kN/m) v im t (m) = 19kN/m3 4m
(cch chn tng O) ca tng p lc t ch =30 0
ng (trn 1m tng) tc dng ln ton thn c=0
tng khi c mc nc ngm ngay ti nh lp
t th 2. O

7. Trng hp t trc tng cao 4m so vi

chn tng, = 19 kN/m3, =300, c = 0. Xc
nh p lc b ng ca t tc dng ln tng.
8. Kim tra n nh trt phng ca tng, cho bit tng dy 0,5m, bt=25kN/m3, h s ma
st f = 0,3; ktp = 1,3.
9. Kim tra n nh trt su ca tng vi kts = 1,3.
q =100kN/m2
5.4 Cho mt tng chn t bng BTCT
cao 10m, t sau lng tng gm 2 lp t
c cc c trng nh hnh v. Tng thng
ng, trn lng, t sau lng tng nm Lp 1: st pha ct
ngang. Ly w = 10kN/m3, bt = 25kN/m3 = 18kN/m3
= 20 0 , c = 10 5m
1. Tnh ton p lc t tc dng ln tng
2. Kim tra n nh

0,4m Lp 2: ct
sat = 20kN/m3 5m
= 30 0 , c = 0
O
0,5m
A
1m 2m

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