Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Joint Capacity
Theory
Description of use
Verification
2
________________________________________________________________________
Table of Contents
1.
INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 4
1.1
General ................................................................................................................ 4
1.2
MSL variants ....................................................................................................... 4
1.3
Code variants ...................................................................................................... 4
2.
THEORY .................................................................................................................... 6
2.1
Joint capacity formulas ....................................................................................... 6
2.1.1
General ............................................................................................................ 6
2.1.2
Basic resistance, MSL ..................................................................................... 7
2.1.2.1
Strength factor Qu ................................................................................... 7
2.1.2.2
Chord action factor Qf ............................................................................. 9
2.1.2.3
Strength check ....................................................................................... 10
2.1.2.4
Design axial resistance for X and Y joints with joint cans ................... 11
2.1.3
Basic resistance, NORSOK N-004, Revision 2 ............................................ 12
2.1.3.1
Strength factor Qu ................................................................................. 12
2.1.3.2
Chord action factor Qf ........................................................................... 13
2.1.3.3
Strength check ....................................................................................... 14
2.1.3.4
Design axial resistance for X and Y joints with joint cans ................... 14
2.1.4
Basic resistance, NORSOK N-004 Revision 3 2013 .................................... 16
2.1.4.1
Strength factor Qu ................................................................................. 16
2.1.4.2
Chord action factor Qf ........................................................................... 17
2.1.4.3
Strength check ....................................................................................... 18
2.1.4.4
Design axial resistance for X and Y joints with joint cans ................... 18
2.1.5
Basic resistance, ISO 19902:2007 ................................................................ 19
2.1.5.1
Strength factor Qu ................................................................................. 20
2.1.5.2
Chord action factor Qf ........................................................................... 20
2.1.5.3
Strength check ....................................................................................... 21
2.1.5.4
Design axial resistance for X and Y joints with joint cans ................... 22
2.1.6
Basic resistance, API RP 2A-WSD, ES3 Oct. 2007 ..................................... 22
2.1.6.1
Strength factor Qu ................................................................................. 23
2.1.6.2
Chord action factor Qf ........................................................................... 24
2.1.6.3
Strength check ....................................................................................... 25
2.1.6.4
Design axial resistance for X and Y joints with joint cans ................... 25
2.2
Joint classification ............................................................................................. 26
2.3
Joint behaviour and ductility limits................................................................... 26
2.3.1
Joint P-D curves ............................................................................................ 26
2.3.2
MSL Ductility limits ..................................................................................... 27
2.3.3
USFOS Specific adjustments ........................................................................ 28
3.
DESCRIPTION OF USE .......................................................................................... 29
3.1
General .............................................................................................................. 29
3.2
Input description ............................................................................................... 31
4.
VERIFICATION....................................................................................................... 36
4.1
K-Joints ............................................................................................................. 36
4.1.1
Gamma = 10, Beta =0.8, gap/T=2.5 ............................................................. 37
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 General
The current joint capacity check included in USFOS covers simple tubular joint and is
based on capacity formulas and description of the joint behaviour developed during the
MSL Joint Industry Projects as described in /1/, /2/. In addition to the original MSL
formulations, code variants from Norsok/3/and /6/, ISO 19902 /4/ and API RP 2A WSD
/5/ are also implemented.
2. THEORY
2.1.1 General
The validity range for capacity equations given in Chapter 2 and implemented in USFOS
are as follows:
0.2 1.0
10 50
30 90
fy 500 MPa
g
0.6 (for K joints)
D
The above geometry parameters are defined as
d D t
= , = , =
D 2T T
t
d
T
crown crown
T
D
saddle
D
L
BRACE A dB B
tA A tB C
tB
tA tC
BRACE B
g
B
T A C
A
T B
D
D
g AB g BC
f yT 2
N Rd = Qu Qf
sin
f yT 2d
M Rd = Qu Qf
sin
Where
NRd = the joint axial resistance
MRd = the joint bending moment resistance
fy = the yield strength of the chord member at the joint
For braces with axial forces with a classification that is a mixture of K, Y and X joints, a
weighted average of NRd based on the portion of each in the total action is used to
calculate the resistance.
Mean Ultimate represents the statistical mean failure of the joints tested (top of the
force-displacement curve, "the most probable failure load").
Y 30 (1.9 + 19 )Q0.5
4.5 0.5 3.2 0.5
2
110 + 4 c t
Q yy = when t > 4 c 90
200
where c and t is the angle between the compression / tension brace and the chord
respectively.
Q f = 1.0 U 2
where:
= 0.030 for brace axial tension or compression
= 0.045 for brace in-plane bending moment
= 0.021 for brace out-of-plane bending moment
Where:
NSd = axial force in the brace member
NRd = the joint axial resistance
My,Sd = in-plane bending moment in the brace member
Mz,Sd = out-of-plane bending moment in the brace member
My,Rd = in-plane bending resistance
Mz,Rd = out-of-plane bending resistance
DT/X Joints:
r = Lc/(2.5D) for joints with 0.9
= [(4 3) Lc / (1.5D)]for joints with > 0.9
Y/T Joints:
r = Lc/(2.0D) for joints with 0.9
= [(5 / 3 1) Lc / D]for joints with > 0.9
Lc = effective total length of chord can, excluding taper, see Figure 2-2
In no case shall r be taken as greater than unity.
f yT 2
N Rd = Qu Qf
sin
f yT 2d
M Rd = Qu Qf
sin
Where
NRd = the joint axial resistance
MRd = the joint bending moment resistance
fy = the yield strength of the chord member at the joint
For braces with axial forces with a classification that is a mixture of K, Y and X joints, a
weighted average of NRd based on the portion of each in the total action is used to
calculate the resistance.
0.3
Q = for > 0.6
(1 0.833 )
Q = 1.0 for 0.6
Q f = 1.0 U 2
Where:
= 0.030 for brace axial tension or compression
= 0.045 for brace in-plane bending moment
= 0.021 for brace out-of-plane bending moment
where:
P = axial load in chord
M = bending moment in chord, (ipb and opb)
NP = axial capacity of chord
MP = bending capacity of chord
C1, C2 = coefficients depending on joint and load type
where:
NSd = axial force in the brace member
NRd = the joint axial resistance
My,Sd = in-plane bending moment in the brace member
Mz,Sd = out-of-plane bending moment in the brace member
My,Rd = in-plane bending resistance
Mz,Rd = out-of-plane bending resistance
2.1.3.4 Design axial resistance for X and Y joints with joint cans
For Y and X joints with axial force and where a joint can is specified, the joint design
resistance should be calculated as follows:
2
T
N Rd = r + (1 - r ) n N
Tc can,Rd
Where
Ncan,Rd= NRd based on chord can geometric and material properties
Tn = nominal chord member thickness
Tc = chord can thickness
r = Lc/(2.5D) for joints with 0.9
= [(4 3) Lc / (1.5D)]for joints with > 0.9
Lc = effective total length of chord can, excluding taper, see Figure 2-3.
In no case shall r be taken as greater than unity.
f yT 2
N Rd = Q uQf
sin
f yT 2d
M Rd = QuQf
sin
Where
NRd = the joint axial resistance
MRd = the joint bending moment resistance
fy = the yield strength of the chord member at the joint (or 0.8 of the tensile
strength, if less)
For braces with axial forces with a classification that is a mixture of K, Y and X joints, a
weighted average of NRd based on the portion of each in the total action is used to
calculate the resistance.
Y 30 2.8 + (20 + 0.8)1.6 (5+ 0.7 )1.2 2.5 + (4.5 + 0.2 ) 2.6
but 2.8 + 361.6
X 2 [2.8 + (12 + 0.1 ) ]Q (5+ 0.7 )1.2 2.5 + (4.5 + 0.2 ) 2.6
6.4 ( 0.6 )
0.3
Q = for > 0.6
(1 0.833 )
Q = 1.0 for 0.6
t f y,b
where =
T f y,c
P M
Qf = 1.0 + C1 C2 ipb C3 A2
N M
p p
and:
P = axial load in chord
Mipb = inplane bending moment in chord
Mopb = out of plane bending moment in chord
NP = axial capacity of chord
MP = bending capacity of chord
C1 = coefficient depending on joint and load type, see Table 2-12
C2 = coefficient depending on joint and load type, see Table 2-12
C3 = coefficient depending on joint and load type, see Table 2-12
The chord thickness at the joint should be used in the above calculations. The average of
the chord loads and bending moments on either side of the brace intersection should be
used. Chord axial load is positive in tension, chord in-plane bending moment is positive
when it produces compression on the joint footprint.
where:
NSd = axial force in the brace member
NRd = the joint axial resistance
My,Sd = in-plane bending moment in the brace member
Mz,Sd = out-of-plane bending moment in the brace member
My,Rd = in-plane bending resistance
Mz,Rd = out-of-plane bending resistance
2.1.4.4 Design axial resistance for X and Y joints with joint cans
For Y and X joints with axial force and where a joint can is specified, the joint design
resistance should be calculated as follows:
2
T
N Rd = r + (1 - r ) n N
Tc can,Rd
f yT 2
N Rd = Qu Qf
sin
f yT 2d
M Rd = Qu Qf
sin
Where
NRd = the joint axial resistance
MRd = the joint bending moment resistance
fy = the yield strength of the chord member at the joint
0.3
Q = for > 0.6
(1 0.833 )
Q = 1.0 for 0.6
Q f = 1.0 U 2
Where:
= 0.030 for brace axial tension or compression
= 0.045 for brace in-plane bending moment
= 0.021 for brace out-of-plane bending moment
where:
P = axial load in chord
M = bending moment in chord, (ipb and opb)
NP = axial capacity of chord
MP = bending capacity of chord
C1, C2 = coefficients depending on joint and load type
Rq = is the partial resistance factor for yield ( set to 1.0 in USFOS)
Table 2-10 Values for C1 and C2, ISO 19902:2007
Joint Classification C1 C2
T/Y joints under brace axial loading 25 11
DT/X joints under brace axial loading 20 22
K joints under balanced loading 14 43
All joints under brace moment loading 25 43
The chord thickness at the joint should be used in the above calculations. The highest
value of U for the chord on either side of the brace intersection should be used.
where:
NSd = axial force in the brace member
NRd = the joint axial resistance
My,Sd = in-plane bending moment in the brace member
Mz,Sd = out-of-plane bending moment in the brace member
2.1.5.4 Design axial resistance for X and Y joints with joint cans
For Y and X joints with axial force and where a joint can is specified, the joint design
resistance should be calculated as follows:
2
T
N Rd = r + (1 - r ) n N
Tc can,Rd
where
Ncan,Rd= NRd based on chord can geometric and material properties
Tn = nominal chord member thickness
Tc = chord can thickness
r = Lc/(2.5D) for joints with 0.9
= [(4 3) Lc / (1.5D)]for joints with > 0.9
Lc = effective total length of chord can, excluding taper, see Figure 2-5.
In no case shall r be taken as greater than unity.
f yT2
N Rd = Qu Qf
FS sin
f yT 2d
M Rd = Qu Qf
FS sin
Where
NRd = the joint axial resistance
MRd = the joint bending moment resistance
fy = the yield strength of the chord member at the joint (or 0.8 of the tensile
strength, if less)
FS = is the safety factor (Default set to 1.0 in USFOS for characteristic
capacity)
For braces with axial forces with a classification that is a mixture of K, Y and X joints, a
weighted average of NRd based on the portion of each in the total action is used to
calculate the resistance.
Y 30 2.8 + (20 + 0.8)1.6 (5+ 0.7 )1.2 2.5 + (4.5 + 0.2 ) 2.6
but 2.8 + 361.6
X 23 for 0.9 [2.8 + (12 + 0.1 ) ]Q (5+ 0.7 )1.2 2.5 + (4.5 + 0.2 ) 2.6
0.3
Q = for > 0.6
(1 0.833 )
Q = 1.0 for 0.6
FS P FS M ipb
Qf = 1.0 + C1 C2 C3 A2
N M
p p
and:
P = axial load in chord
Mipb = inplane bending moment in chord
Mopb = out of plane bending moment in chord
NP = axial capacity of chord
MP = bending capacity of chord
C1 = coefficient depending on joint and load type, see Table 2-12
C2 = coefficient depending on joint and load type, see Table 2-12
C3 = coefficient depending on joint and load type, see Table 2-12
FS = is the safety factor (Default set to 1.0 in USFOS for characteristic
capacity)
where:
NSd = axial force in the brace member
NRd = the joint axial resistance
My,Sd = in-plane bending moment in the brace member
Mz,Sd = out-of-plane bending moment in the brace member
My,Rd = in-plane bending resistance
Mz,Rd = out-of-plane bending resistance
2.1.6.4 Design axial resistance for X and Y joints with joint cans
For Y and X joints with axial force and where a joint can is specified, the joint design
resistance should be calculated as follows:
2
T
N Rd = r + (1 - r ) n N
Tc can,Rd
where
Ncan,Rd= NRd based on chord can geometric and material properties
Tn = nominal chord member thickness
Tc = chord can thickness
r = Lc/(2.5D) for joints with 0.9
= [(4 3) Lc / (1.5D)]for joints with > 0.9
Lc = effective total length of chord can, excluding taper, see Figure 2-5.
In no case shall r be taken as greater than unity.
The joints are classified based on the axial force flow in the joint. This means that a brace
in a joint with a K-joint topology can be classified as a T-joint if only one of the braces
carry axial loads. Typically braces in complex joints will be classified as partly K, X and
T joints. The ultimate capacity of each individual brace is based on the classification.
The joint classification may change during an analysis if the axial force flow changes.
2
1
M = M u 1 A1 1 + exp B
A Q f F y
The Joint load-deformation curves described in 2.3.1 are developed with the mean
capacity in mind. The scaling factor is intended to scale the curve when characteristic
capacities are used, in a way that preserves the initial joint stiffness. However in some
cases the produced curves are much softer near the characteristic capacity and the
ductility limit is reached before the characteristic capacity. In order to avoid this, the B
factors are increased for axial tension for the Norsok, API and ISO variants. B = B 1.5 is
used.
3. DESCRIPTION OF USE
3.1 General
When using the USFOS CHJOINT record, additional elements are inserted in the FE-
model, see Figure 3-1 The elements have properties representing both the stiffness and
capacity of the tubular joint braces according to the selected rule.
Beam Beam
Beam
Beam
Section 3.2 describes the most relevant input records in order to include joint check in an
USFOS analysis.
nodex External node number referring to the joint where shell effects should be
considered
elnox1 External element number defining one of the two elements connected to
the node
elnox2 External element number defining the second CHORD element
geono Geometry reference number defining the diameter and thickness of the 0
chord at the joint (canned joint). If omitted or equal to 0, the data for
elnox1 is used.
irule Capacity rule switch:
irule = MSL : MSL non-linear joint characteristics, (see next pages). Norsok
irule = NORSOK : Norsok N-004, rev 2 non-linear joint characteristics.
irule = NOR_R3 : Norsok N-004, rev 3 non-linear joint characteristics
irule = ISO: ISO 19902:2007 non-linear joint characteristics.
irule = API-WSD: API RP 2A WSD ES3 (non-linear joint characteristics.
With this record, the capacity of each brace/chord connection at the tubular joint will be checked
according to a selected joint capacity formulation.
This check will impose restrictions on the load transfer through each brace/chord connection at the
specified joint.
The generated capacities are printed in the '.jnt' or the .out file (Historic options), and the peak
capacities will be printed using the Verify/Element/Information option in Xact.
Beam Beam
Beam
Beam
nodex External node number referring to the joint where joint capacity and non-
linear joint behaviour should be considered
elnox1 External element number defining one of the two CHORD elements
connected to the node
elnox2 External element number defining the second CHORD element
geono Geometry reference number defining the diameter and thickness of the
chord at the joint (canned joint). If omitted or equal to 0, the data for
elnox1 is used.
CapRule Capacity rule:
MSL: MSL non-linear joint characteristics
Qf_Safety The Qf factor for joint capacities includes a safety factor (or partial safety coefficient) in the chord 1.0
stress utilization factor.
Coeff
With this record, the capacity of each brace/chord connection at the tubular joint will be checked according to a selected joint capacity
equation
This check will impose restrictions on the load transfer through each brace/chord connection at the specified joint, and the non-linear
joint characteristics will be included in the USFOS analysis.
Extra elements will be introduced in the FE model, and the behavior of these elements assigned according to the selected joint capacity
rule or specified joint capacity, and the FE formulation selected for the joint elements.
The joint capacity rule or joint capacity is specified by the CHJOINT record(s).
The FE formulation for the joint elements is selected automatically. (JNT_FORM record is not needed to specify).
-
With this record the user may override the gaps between braces, which are computed based on the
structural model, (member coordinates and offsets).
This is a useful option if the structural model does not describe correct gaps (f ex a model without
member eccentricities/offsets).
Gap (NodID)
Example 1: JOINTGAP 0.050
This will force a gap = 0.050 to be used in all relevant capacity calculations for all joints with
CHJOINT applied (does not influence T/Y capacities).
Gap NodID
Example 2: JOINTGAP 0.050
JOINTGAP 0.070 1010
JOINTGAP 0.070 2010
JOINTGAP 0.070 3010
This will force a gap = 0.050 to be used in all relevant capacity calculations for all joints except for
joints 1010, 2010 and 3010, which will use a gap of 0.070.
This will force a gap = 0.050 to be used in all relevant capacity calculations for all joints except for
joint 1010, where the braces 20100, 20101 and 20102, which will use a gap of 0.070. The other
braces connected to joint 1010 will use a gap of 0.050.
This will force a gap=0.070 to be used for joint 1010, braces 20100, 20101 and 20102. The other
braces connected to joint 1010 as well as all other joints with ChJoint specified will use the gap
computed on basis on the structural model (coordinates and eventual offsets).
JNTCLASS interval
If the record is not given, the default value of one (classified every step) is used for the
MSL, Norsok, ISO and API-WSD variants.
4. VERIFICATION
4.1 K-Joints
P
P
Ax
gap
Geometry [mm]
db 320
tb 20
Dc 400
Tc 20
theta 90
gap 50
Material [MPa]
fyb 350
fy 350
Chord loads [N]
-Axial -1.30E+06
Chord Capacity
Np 8.357E+06
Mp 1.012E+09
Geometry [mm]
Db 320
Tb 20
Dc 400
Tc 20
Theta 90
gap -10
Material [MPa]
fyb 350
fy 350
Chord loads [N]
-Axial -1.30E+06
Chord Capacity
Np 8.357E+06
Mp 1.012E+09
Geometry [mm]
db 320
tb 20
Dc 400
Tc 20
theta 90
gap -50
Material [MPa]
fyb 350
fy 350
Chord loads [N]
-Axial -1.30E+06
Chord Capacity
Np 8.357E+06
Mp 1.012E+09
Geometry [mm]
db 320
tb 8
Dc 400
Tc 8
theta 90
gap 50
Material [MPa]
fyb 350
fy 350
Chord loads [N]
-Axial -1.05E+06
Chord Capacity
Np 3.448E+06
Mp 4.303E+08
4.2 T/Y-Joints
Ax
Geometry [mm]
db 320
tb 8
Dc 400
Tc 8
theta 90
gap 0
Material
fyb 350
fy 350
Chord loads [N]
-Axial -1.03E+06
Chord Capacity
Np 3.448E+06
Mp 4.303E+08
Geometry [mm]
Db 320
Tb 20
Dc 400
Tc 20
theta 90
gap 0
Material
fyb 350
fy 350
Chord loads [N]
-Axial -2.51E+06
Chord Capacity
Np 8.357E+06
Mp 1.012E+09
4.3 X-Joints
Ax
Geometry [mm]
db 320
tb 8
Dc 400
Tc 8
theta 90
gap 0
Material
fyb 350
fy 350
Chord loads [N]
-Axial -1.03E+06
Chord Capacity
Np 3.448E+06
Mp 4.303E+08
Geometry [mm]
Db 320
Tb 20
Dc 400
Tc 20
theta 90
gap 0
Material
fyb 350
fy 350
Chord loads [N]
-Axial -1.29E+06
Chord Capacity
Np 8.357E+06
Mp 1.012E+09
Geometry [mm]
Db 400
Tb 20
Dc 400
Tc 20
theta 90
gap 0
Material
fyb 350
fy 350
Chord loads [N]
-Axial -2.51E+06
Chord Capacity
Np 8.357E+06
Mp 1.012E+09
5. REFERENCES
/1/ MSL Engineering limited: "JIP Assessment Criteria Reliability and Reserve Strength of
Tubular Joints" Doc No. C14200R018 Rev0, March 1996
/2/ MSL Engineering limited: JIP Assessment criteria, reliability and reserve strength of
tubular joints. Phase II, Tubular Joints Nonlinear modelling algorithms for frame
analysis. Final Report. Doc Ref C20400R014 rev 1 November 2000.
/3/ NORSOK: N-004 Design of Steel Structures, rev2, October 2004
/4/ ISO: Petroleum and natural gas industries Fixed steel offshore structures, ISO
19902:2007
/5/ API: Recommended Practice for Planning, Designing and Constructing Fixed Offshore
Platforms -Working Stress Design, API RP 2A-WSD, 21st edition, ES3, October 2007
/6/ NORSOK: N-004 Design of Steel Structures, rev3, 2013
/7/ A F Dier, P Smedley, G Solland, H Bang: New data on the capacity of X-joints under
tension and implications for codes, OMAE2008-57650, June 2008 Estoril, Portugal