Designing for Resilience

MAPUA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
School of Architecture, Industrial Design, and Built Environment
Proposed Disaster Ready Multi-Purpose Facility as a Solution for the Effects of Natural
Disasters in Oriental, Mindoro
The Philippines suffer an average of twenty (20)BYtyphoons annually, with it are devastating after
effects brought to the country and most especially the victims. Oriental Mindoro is the Capital
Province of Region IV-B MIMAROPAMAGBOO,in theKRYSSHA
Philippines. The province
APRIL B. is blooming in terms of
tourism and economic growth yet advancements are
2013122425 mostly hindered by natural disasters. The
province is ranked as the 9th province most susceptible to natural disasters specifically
flooding, according to Department of Environment and Natural Resources. That is why the
researcher sees fit to incorporate a disaster ready multi-purpose facility in the province.
Through the use of innovative ideas and resilient architectural concepts the researcher intends
to design a disaster ready multi-purpose facility. The facility that is the first of its kind in the
province aims to provide solution for the effects of natural disaster while benefiting the
province in tourism and economic growth.
ABSTRACT:
APPROVAL SHEET
This is to certify that I supervised and read the thesis of Kryssha April B. Magboo entitled
Proposed Disaster Ready Multi-Purpose Facility as a Solution for the Effects of Natural
Disasters and recommended it for acceptance and approval of the Thesis Evaluation Committee.
1
A Proposed Disaster Ready Multi-purpose Facility as a Solution for the Effects of Natural Disasters in
Oriental Mindoro.
MAGBOO, KRYSSHA APRIL B.
2013122425 4/10/2017
__________________________________________
Carlos P. Sauco
Thesis Adviser
As member of the Thesis Evaluation Committee, we certify that we reviewed and examined this thesis and
gave it an evaluation of PASS/FAIL. We hereby recommend its acceptance as a partial fulfillment for the
terminal design course AR200-2 for the degree Bachelor of Science in Architecture.
__________________________________________
Firstname M.I. Lastname
Committee Chair
__________________________________________
Panel Member 1
__________________________________________
Panel Member 2
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This thesis is hereby approved by the School of Architecture, Industrial Design, and the Built Environment in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science in Architecture.
__________________________________________
Gloria B. Teodoro
Dean, ARIDBE
Table of Contents
1 APPROVAL SHEET........................................................................................................ii
1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND...............................................................1
1.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW...................................................................................................1
1.1.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................1
1.1.2 Background of the Study.....................................................................................2
1.1.3 Statement of the Problem.....................................................................................3
1.1.4 Assumption and Hypotheses................................................................................4
1.1.5 Importance or Significance of the Study..............................................................4
1.1.6 Definition of Terms..............................................................................................5
1.1.7 ACRONYMS......................................................................................................5
1.1.8 Scope and Limitations of the Study.....................................................................6
1.1.9 Project Goals, Objectives and Strategies.............................................................6
1.1.10 Conceptual Framework........................................................................................8
2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES...........................................9
2.1 RELATED LITERATURE.................................................................................................9
2.1.1 Oriental Mindoro: A Frequent Disaster Stricken Region in MIMAROPA IV-B...9
2.1.2 Disaster Response and Management: The Need for Better Evacuation Facilities10
2.1.3 Taking a Resilience Perspective: Resilience as a Concept and Physical Form...11
2.1.4 Evacuation Facilities: Process and Design.........................................................12
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2.1.5 Typhoon Resilient Design Strategies.................................................................13

2.1.6 AFTERMATH: From Temporary to Transitional...............................................14
2.1.7 Evacuation + Assembly Facilities......................................................................15
2.1.8 Development in Sports Facility Design.............................................................16
2.2 RELATED STUDIES......................................................................................................17
2.2.1 Proposed Integrated Sports and Community Complex,.....................................17
2.2.1 Disaster and Emergency Preparedness: Stadium Renovation,...........................19
3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY..................................................................................21
4 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS............................................................23
4.1 CASE STUDIES..............................................................................................................23
4.1.1 LOCAL CASE STUDIES................................................................................................23
4.1.1.1 Baseco Evacuation Center.............................................................................23
4.1.1.2 Del Pan Evacuation Center............................................................................27
4.1.1.3 Bangkal Community Complex.......................................................................31
4.1.1.4 Tacloban City Sports and Convention Center................................................31
4.1.2 INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDIES..............................................................................32
4.1.2.1 Saitama Super Arena......................................................................................32
4.1.2.2 Superdome.....................................................................................................32
4.1.2.3 The Galen Center...........................................................................................32
4.2 Oral Investigation.............................................................................................................33
4.3 Presentation of Collected Data.........................................................................................39
4.3.1 Disaster Management Data................................................................................39
1. Disaster Timeline 2004 2015..............................................................................39
2. List of Areas with Very High to High Landslide and Flood Susceptibility Based on 1:10,000 Scale
Mapping....................................................................................................................................49
3. List of Frequently Flooded Barangays in Oriental Mindoro..................................49
4.3.2 Guideline on Evacuation Center Coordination and Management 2013.............50
4.3.3 Sports Development Data..................................................................................50
4.3.4 Sports Training Facilities...................................................................................55
4.3.5 Frequency of Usage of the Structure..................................................................57
2.3 58
3 59
4 60
6 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS............................................................61
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6.2 PRESENTATION OF COLLECTED DATA...................................................................61

6.2.1 Case Study.........................................................................................................61
1 the problem and its background
1.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW
1.1.1 Introduction
The Philippines is the most storm-exposed country on earth. Says Sophie Brown of time magazine in
November 2013.
Annually, there is an average of twenty (20) typhoons entering Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR). On
the last quarter of every year, typhoons become more frequent, in late September and early October of the
year 2011, back-to-back storms increased damage and destruction. Out of the 20 typhoons only eight or nine
tropical storms make landfall in the Philippines each year. Eight of the top 10 deadliest cyclones to hit the
Philippines took the lives of approximately 1,000 to 2,000 people, while typhoon Yolanda with its
international name Haiyan caused over 10,000 deaths. The casualties and damages including loss of life are
devastating effects of natural disasters.
Oriental Mindoro, the capital region of MIMAROPA IV-B ranks 9 th on regions most susceptible to natural
disasters nationwide according to Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). The Province
of Oriental Mindoro is now rising as the strategic gateway for trade and investments in the eastern side of the
country. The province, although blooming in terms of economic growth is one of the most affected regions
when it comes to natural disasters because of its topographical and geographical setting thus hindering
economic advancements.
This problem could be solved by introducing evacuation facilities throughout the provinces most affected
municipalities. But as of now, victims of natural hazards go to the nearest evacuation facilities in the form of
schools, barangay halls, covered courts and etc. These structures are often referred to as makeshift
evacuation centers, as their purpose is not solely to house the evacuees.
Having said that, a stand-alone evacuation center that would focus on properly providing adequate facilities
for the victims would not be economically feasible. The need for the facility is strong, but the facility would
sooner be a tax-burden on the inhabitants of the region as it would not be of value after the disaster. That is
why there is need to introduce another facility to work harmoniously with an evacuation center while
promoting not only what Oriental Mindoro needs, but also what it could be more in the future, a potential.
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This study will introduce the combination of two spacious facilities, a hybrid of an evacuation center and a
structure needed by Oriental Mindoro in the form of a sports complex. This aims to solve the problems
arising from natural disasters while providing a platform for economic growth. Furthermore, the innovative
hybrid structure that provides centralized evacuation will be possible through new architectural concepts,
effective space programming, combination of classroom type and gymnasium type evacuation facility and
lastly, a thorough analysis of transformable spaces.
1.1.2 Background of the Study
According to by International Organization for Migrations (IOMs) Building Design Development, one third
of existing designated evacuation centers function as multi-purpose halls, and/or Barangay Halls, however
85% are currently unusable. An audit undertaken by IOM in April 2013 has identified a need to build new
fit-for-purpose evacuation centers to provide safe shelter for communities vulnerable to disaster. (See Figure
1.1 pg. 2)
Figure 1.1 Current Status of Evacuation Centers - post - Yolanda by IOM
Oriental Mindoro, suffers from natural disasters annually, with one of the most memorable Typhoon Nona
and Nina as two of the strongest that left the province devastated. According to Governor Alfonso Umali, the
province of Oriental Mindoro suffered more than P4 billion worth of damage due to Typhoon Nona (Melor),
422,495 individuals from 95,651 families were affected last December 2015.
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As victims of harsh natural calamities flock to the nearest school or barangay halls they are faced with
several problems as well. The problems in makeshift evacuation facilities such as unsafety, overcrowding,
health problems causing disease outbreaks, sanitary issues, water distribution and communication which are
still evident today, adds more fuel to the current problem at hand. Making such facilities inefficient.
Furthermore, a decentralized evacuation only cause difficulty to respondents as relief operations and
distributions as well as victim accounting is a struggle. Thus, a centralized evacuation is a better locally
specific solution to the province wherein the solution can only be materialized in a large and spacious
facility.
The evacuation centers counterpart which is a sports complex was ideally chosen due to the potential
harmony of the two spaces. Sports events also attracts local and foreign tourists while supporting local
business thus, counteracts the hindrances of natural disasters to economic growth which was stated earlier.
This argument is further strengthened by the vision of Oriental Mindoro to be the gateway of trade
investment, and the need for such a facility stated in the Provincial Sports Strategic Development Plan
(PSSDP) of 2015 2020.
According to the PSSDP, the vision, goals and objectives of the province is to: 1) increase participation in
sports of the Mindorenos; 2) enable and support an increased number of high performance athletes to achieve
higher results; 3) ensure collaboration and partnership among stakeholders; and 4) advocate and promote the
benefits of sports.
1.1.3 Statement of the Problem
The research study focuses on the effects of Architectural Design and Planning in the formulation of a
unified design of a hybrid of two spacious facilities that would be both the answer to the effects of natural
disasters such as life endangerment, ineffective evacuation facilities, and hindrances to economic growth
among others. In line with this proposal, the following problems to be answered are the following:
1.1.3.1 Major Problem
1. How can Architectural Design and Planning solve the effects of natural disasters while addressing the need
for more economic facilities in the province of Oriental Mindoro?
1.1.3.2 Sub Problems
1. Is there a need for a hybrid evacuation center and sports complex in the province?
2. What are the design issues of spatial configurations when it comes to planning mixed-use facilities?
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3. What planning solutions could be applied for a large indoor facility to cater to different users in
times of different circumstances? (e.g. disastrous events, regional gatherings, simple conference
meetings)
1.1.4 Assumption and Hypotheses
This study assumes that a hybrid for an evacuation center and sports complex building typology shall be the
solution for the problems in natural disasters of Oriental Mindoro. The said facility would not only cater for
the victims of cataclysm but would also be a platform to showcase the tourism of the province while
facilitating large sport and non-sport related events through designing a an innovative facility that combines
the needs and potentials of Oriental Mindoro.
The following shall be the Hypotheses:
1.1.4.1.1.1. There is a need for the proposed hybrid evacuation and sports complex.
1.1.4.1.1.2. The proposed hybrid building typology can provide better and adequate facilities for
the evacuees in times of natural hazards, better than makeshift evacuation facilities.
1.1.4.1.1.3. The proposed hybrid building typology can counteract the economical disadvantages
of natural hazards in Oriental Mindoro by introducing another variable which is an
economic boosting facility in the form of a sports complex.
1.1.4.1.1.4. The proposed hybrid building typology shall be a locally specific solution to the
province of Oriental Mindoro.
1.1.5 Importance or Significance of the Study
Today, there are several proposals for disaster ready temporary structures on a smaller scale by the United
Architects of the Philippines Emergency Architects. But unfortunately, there are still no answers for
addressing the effects of natural disasters through the form of a permanent disaster ready structure wherein
inhabitants of an affected rural region could gather and stay safe during these devastating calamities.
The researcher intends Oriental Mindoro as the beneficiary of the proposal because she has first-hand
experience with the disastrous effects of natural calamities in the said province. The researcher sees a lot of
potential in the province but is also undeniably one of the most famous names when it comes to flash floods
and landslides because it is prone to said events due to its geographic and topographical setting.
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Having said that, it is more likely that an evacuation facility would be the ideal solution for the problem but a
stand-alone evacuation facility could not be of value after and/or before a typhoon. That is why the
researcher sees fit to incorporate a disaster ready multi-purpose facility in the province.
One of the potentials of this province is that it is the capital province of MIMAROPA IV-B, requiring it to
host several gatherings. Since the province expects more tourists to come in the future as it conducts several
regional and provincial events it unfortunately lacks adequate events place/facilities to host large events.
That is why it is more likely that a spacious indoor facility would be the most ideal companion for an
evacuation center as an ideal disaster ready multi-purpose facility considering both of their spatial
requirements to hold thousands of attendees/users.
1 Definition of Terms
1. Resilient Architecture Resilient design is the deliberate design of buildings, landscapes, societies,
communities and areas in order to respond and react to natural phenomena and/or manmade
calamities and disturbancesas well as long-term changes caused by one of the major
environmental problem today, climate changeincluding sea level rise, increased frequency of heat
waves, and regional drought.
2. Natural Disaster events such as a flood, earthquake, hurricane, tsunamis and other natural
phenomena that causes exponential damage to communities, livestock, livelihood and/or loss of life.
3. Cataclysm a sudden natural event that causes a lot of damage, for example a flood or an
earthquake (See no. 2)
4. Evacuation Center a structure that serves as a temporary shelter for victims of man-made and
natural disasters
5. Disaster Risk Management (DRM) defined as activities that aim to evade, diminish or allocation
the effects of hazards and disasters through avoidance, modification and preparation.
1.1.6 ACRONYMS
1. MIMAROPA MIMAROPA- Mindoro, Marinduque, Romblon and Palawan; is an administrative

region in the Philippines designated as Region IV-B.
2. PAG-ASA Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical Astronomical Services Administration
3. PAR - Philippine Area of Responsibility
4. IOM International Organization for Migration
5. PHIVOLCS - Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
6. DOST - Department of Science and Technology
7. PSWDO - Provincial Social Welfare and Development Office
8. PDRRMC - Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council
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1.1.7 Scope and Limitations of the Study
The purpose of this study is to design disaster ready multi-purpose facility which would potentially
be the solution for the effects of natural calamities in Oriental Mindoro while providing a spacious indoor
facility for hosting large events for MIMAROPA. This study shall discuss innovative practices to
harmoniously accommodate both the need and potential of the region. The data to be used for the study shall
be from the province of Oriental Mindoro, the region capital of MIMAROPA IV-B. The study is limited only
in the consideration of the laws and codes for the disaster ready multi-purpose facility in Oriental Mindoro.
This also limits only on the data gathered and collected in Oriental Mindoro for the proposal and is limited in
the architectural design aspect only.
1.1.8 Project Goals, Objectives and Strategies
The researcher aims to accomplish the goals set forth for the study. The long term aims set by the researcher
are the following:
1.1.8.1 The study shall be used as a recommendation for future designs of hybrid building typology in
areas where the effects of natural disasters are evident.
1.1.8.2 The study should benefit future readers through the studys intensive understanding of combining
two facilities for the sole purpose of providing a solution for a locally specific problem in terms of
natural disasters.
1.1.8.3 The study should be able to create a realization that a unified design is achievable through
intensive research and data gathering,
1.1.8.4 The study should be able to improve the life of inhabitants of a region greatly exposed to natural
disasters.
The researcher aims to achieve these concrete attainments with the guide of the conceptual framework. The
objectives set forth by the researcher are the following:
1.1.8.5 To produce a criterion on Design and Planning of evacuation facilities with a combined purpose for
sports facilities.
1.1.8.6 To provide a recommendation that best suites the different criteria set forth by the researcher.
1.1.8.7 To provide information that would be of further relevance to the readers and future researchers in
line with this field.
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1.1.8.8 To propose new ideology and design techniques for planning and circulation consideration for
users.
1.1.8.9 To produce a unified design of the hybrid building typology that would potentially evolve to cater
to the future needs of the area.
The researcher used several procedures and/or strategies to accomplish and formulate the final
recommendation and conclusion. The strategies set forth by the researcher are the following:
1.1.8.10 The researcher shall proceed with data gathering of relevant and significant data that would be of
vital use for the study itself.
1.1.8.11 The researcher shall be conducting ocular site inspection and case studies of different structure that
has relevance to the study.
1.1.8.12 The researcher shall interview persons in authority in order to gather more information about the
proposal.
1.1.8.13 The researcher shall consult different experts in architecture and other fields for critiquing of work
in order to further improve and enhance the ideas of the researcher.
1.1.8.14 The researcher shall analyze carefully certain aspects that would be of future risk and issue to the
project itself.
1.1.9 Conceptual Framework
Need + Potential of Oriental Mindoro
Need Potential
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Ineffective Response to the Capital Region of MIMAROPA IV-B
Lack of Indoor Public Assembly

Facilities
Lack of efficient and
adequate evacuation facilities
Public hosting of
regional/provincial/district
Makeshift evacuation
events
facilities
Hosted in schools, barangay halls,

gymnasiums
Fit-for-purpose evacuation facility Indoor public assembly facilities

2 review of related literature and studies
Not economically feasible
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature and Studies. This chapter contains the researchers review of
different literature such as books and articles, also review of different studies such as academic theses and
Architectura Resilience Aesthetic Architectura
studies. All of these entries are deemed necessary by the researcher for the study.
l Criteria l Criteria
2.1 RELATED LITERATURE Stability Accommodating
2.1.1 Oriental Mindoro: A Frequent DisasterSpacious

User-friendly Stricken Region in MIMAROPA IV-B
The province of Oriental Mindoro has experienced various hazards in the past and claimed lives and
properties. The unfortunate events brought about a learning experience to the populace. Given its location
and geographical properties, the province is vulnerable to typhoon and consequently flooding. Recent
historical occurrences proved that Oriental Mindoro is also susceptible to disastrous earthquake and tsunami.
Disaster Ready Multi-Purpose Facility
The province of Mindoro was identified among the Top 10 provinces highly susceptible to flooding. The list
Figure 2: Conceptual Framework Diagram
below came from the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), to wit:
a. Pampanga
b. Nueva Ecija
c. Pangasinan
d. Tarlac
e. Maguindanao
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f. Bulacan
g. Metro Manila
h. North Cotabato
i. Oriental Mindoro
j. Ilocos Norte
According to a report on the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) of the
Mindoro Earthquake of 1994;
The people were awakened from their sleep by the strong ground motion and afterward by the
strong ground motion and afterward by the strong sound created by the incoming tsunami waves.
Most of those who noticed the incoming tsunami were able to run inland and thus escaped the
tsunami. Without this tsunami, total casualty would have been only 29 instead of 78.
The earthquake on 15 November 1994 that struck Oriental Mindoro affected 13 out of 15 municipalities or a
total of approximately 273 barangays in the province. The 1994 earthquake event generated a tsunami which
accounted for majority of the casualties and significant damage to communities, livestock and livelihood
including loss of life. At that time the population of the province is less compared to its population today,
but the account of the tsunami and earthquake proves that it is not impossible in the province.
All of these three events, tsunami, earthquake and most importantly flash flood are proof that the province of
Oriental Mindoro is in need of better disaster management and preparation. As of today, although evacuation
centers are present in the form of multi-purpose barangay halls, still there are no proper and safe provision
for a fit-for-purpose evacuation center.
2.1.2 Disaster Response and Management: The Need for Better Evacuation Facilities
Due to the priorities of the government locally and internationally to fund several economic-boosting
projects, there is not enough attention being brought to disaster response and management.
Rahman and Shaw (2015) said that:
It has been observed that developing cities generally spend only a small fraction of their budgets on
disaster preparedness. Such limited investment in rural resilience can lead to massive damage after
catastrophic events occur. Experiences show that even a small investment in rural risk reduction is
more effective than picking up the pieces after a disaster. (p. 201)
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Rahman & Shaw, (2015) also argued that disastrous events have occurred in both developing and developed
nations, but developing nations are more vulnerable and experience such incidents more intensely. (p. 201)
The Philippines is a developing country that is very susceptible to natural disasters due to its geographical
setting. According to Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical Astronomical Services Administration (PAG-
ASA) there is an average of 20 typhoons entering Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) annually.
Casualties and damages are a heavy burden upon victims of these natural phenomena, and after such
devastation a safe and secure place must be made available for the victims. Quebral, Salanguit, & Salvame
(2013) says that when an urgent situation arises evacuation shelters are needed, the general public expects
that officials have thoroughly planned how these shelters are implemented. (p. 24)
Evacuation centers are provided for public use in the event of disasters when affected people do not have a
place to go. Quebral, Salanguit, & Salvame (2013) says that unfortunately, the country does not have a center
built for the purpose of taking in people affected by calamities. Affected families flock to schools and multi-
purpose halls provided by local barangay. (p. 24)
Although makeshift evacuation facilities in the form of schools and multi-purpose halls are provided, they
are poorly equipped to accommodate the victims nonetheless they are not designed to function as an
evacuation facility. Several issues arises such as overcrowding, health problems, disease outbreak, sanitation
issues, lack of water distribution, and other factors that are necessities for daily survival. Jewell (1921)
argues that first and foremost a building should be operated to perform its intended function to the best
extent possible. (p. 31) and having said that a school and neither a barangay hall may not be adequate enough
as an evacuation facility.
According to Building Design Development in Eastern Samar, one third of existing designated evacuation
centers function as multi-purpose halls, and/or Barangay Halls, however 85% are currently unusable. An
audit undertaken by IOM in April 2013 has identified a need to build new fit-for-purpose evacuation centers
to provide safe shelter for communities vulnerable to disaster to be utilized as community halls in non-
disaster situations. But a structure that is not properly equipped would still not suffice the damages of natural
disasters hence, a resilient approach to an evacuation facility should be taken into consideration.
2.1.3 Taking a Resilience Perspective: Resilience as a Concept and Physical Form
Resilience is defined as the capability to familiarize oneself to changing conditions and to continue or
recover functionality and strength in times of pressure or commotion to what was once a comforting
situation. It is the capability of a victim whether be it an individual or a community to bounce back after a
disturbance or interruption.
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According to Sanderson, Kayden & Leis (2016):
Resilience is a current understanding employed by many aid agencies to frame the links between
responses to chronic conditions and acute events, such as rapid onset disasters. Other previous
understanding over the last 40 years or so include disaster mitigation and preparedness, linking
relief, recovery, and development, livelihoods and more recently disaster risk reduction. (p. 26)
Resilience is a popular term when it comes to disaster response and management. The idea is basically
bouncing back after an unfortunate downfall. Resilience is a positive word. It builds in notions of what
people and society can do, supplanting and enervating focus of what has been done to them. (Sanderson,
Kayden, & Leis 2016, p. 31)
While the idea of resilience as an understanding in the capacity of people to regain what is lost after
disasters, Sanderson, Kayden, & Leis 2016 says Resilience resonates differently in the urban sphere. With
one of its strongest roots emerging from architecture and engineering. The link of resilience to physical form
should not be underestimated. (p.31) Resilience in architecture although interchanged with the concept of
sustainability is a different idea. Resilient design is the deliberate design of buildings, landscapes, societies,
communities and areas in order to respond and react to natural phenomena and/or manmade calamities and
disturbancesas well as long-term changes caused by one of the major environmental problem today,
climate changeincluding sea level rise, increased frequency of heat waves, and regional drought.
Ferenbacher (2013) finds that:
To design a building with resiliency means to start the design process by thinking carefully about
the typical use scenarios of the building, common points of stress due to normal use, as well as the
most likely disaster situations in the environment that could challenge the integrity of the building
and/or endanger its occupants. The local environment always plays a critical role in determining the
factors that make a building resilient or not, and so resilient design is always locally specific.
Disasters are a vital consideration in Resilient Architecture as argued by Ferenbacher (2013). Resilience in
architecture is not achieved without proper and thorough understanding of the users needs in times of
calamities and the stability of the structure. The approach is always locally specific, as a region may be
different from its neighboring areas which is also a game changer. But before a resilient approach could be
incorporated in an evacuation facility, one must first understand the existing process and design of
evacuation facilities.
Therefore, Resilience is understanding, action, and response.
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2.1.4 Evacuation Facilities: Process and Design
Emergency evacuation is defined as the instantaneous movement of people away from the risk, danger or
actual occurrence of hazard and disasters. Emergency evacuation plans are established to guarantee the
safest, most well-organized and most effective evacuation time of all expected residents of structure, city and
region.
Quebral, Salanguit, & Salvame (2013) says that Evacuation is a complex process and careful planning can
minimize risks associated with it. Hence, it is essential to consider some factors in order to establish an
effective evacuation site in terms of practicality and cost efficiency. (p. 138) Emergency evacuation centers
are required aspects of any recognized crisis operations plan. It serves as a temporary shelter for victims of
disasters. But evacuation shelters must be properly designed with consideration to the circulation of users
and stability of the structure itself.
Evacuation shelter systems are types of building construction which are diverse in terms of forms, structural
and assembly solutions.
According to Burford & Gengnagel (2004):
they [evacuation shelters] are designed to provide weather protected enclosure for a wide range
of human activities. Enclosure requirements are generally very simple with the majority needing
only a weather protecting membrane or skin supported by some form of erectable structure. (p. 32)
While Bappenas (2005) says that:
The use of a building as a vertical evacuation implies that the destination is expected to be not
damaged or damaged only to a certain extent of not endangering lives due to disaster, and that it
could continue to serve as a temporary safe shelter (p. 35)
In the Philippines flood water is the major problem brought by typhoons, with strong forces of flash floods
and storm surges they destroy everything in their paths. Flood, among other natural phenomena should be a
priority in consideration to designing a disaster ready evacuation facility. Flood water can cause structural
and cosmetic damage to a building, which can be expensive to repair, while Flood Resilient Design involves
constructing a building in such a way that although floodwater may enter the building, its impact is
minimized. (Ferrer, Morse, & Sina-on 2012)
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Oriental Mindoro is a region that experiences flash floods, and because a resilient design must be locally
specific the proposed design for a disaster ready multi-purpose facility should feature a Flood Resilient
Design.
2.1.5 Typhoon Resilient Design Strategies
Arch. Rey S. Gabitan (2016) says that The main strategy in protecting buildings from strong winds is to
maintain the integrity of the building envelope, including roofs and windows, and to design the building to
withstand the expected lateral and uplift forces.
Typhoon resilient design focuses on protecting the building wherein inhabitants are present within during
and after typhoons. Said design focuses on the integrity of the building envelop. Therefor an effective
building design for a disaster ready facility is essential in a frequent disaster stricken region.
2.1.6 AFTERMATH: From Temporary to Transitional
Solving the problem of natural disaster by providing an evacuation facility, causes another problem itself. A
stand-alone evacuation facility is only defined by the frequency of natural phenomena thus, the said structure
although may be permanently stable is not economically feasible.
According to Bappenas (2006):
There is no such building designated or allocated only for vertical evacuation center, because of the
long term period of tsunami disaster [pertaining to Meulaboh City, Indonesia a tsunami-prone area]
and efficiency in urban space and cost. Evacuation Shelter Building (ESB) is defined by an
additional function assigned to the planned or existing buildings which already has a specific
function. Hence an ESB is a multi-function building. The existing function should be public function
or public service oriented function. The examples include: mosques, school, convention centers and
shopping centers. (p. 35)
The transition from a temporary use of an evacuation facility during and after times of natural disasters into
another use that would benefit the community and as well as the site must be of vital consideration. Thus, the
idea of a transitional use or space should be recommended. Jewell (1921) emphasizes that operationally, the
relation of one function to another is equally important (p. 21)
Elizabeth Babister, shelter Transitional Community (2006) explained transition in emergency shelter as:
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these are transitional as opposed to temporary. Emergency shelter is temporary and is intended
just to provide shelter for survival. Transitional implies something that is longer-term gives you
space to carry out activities rather than just surviving.
One good example for a transitional process would be those of public assemblies and large indoor facilities
that are of no use after a large event such as Olympic Games. These structures are high maintenance and is
also not economically feasible, but if designed and planned carefully could be successful enough to be self-
sustaining. The China National Convention Center was successfully repurposed from an Olympic venue.
An entry in China Today (May 2010) features that:
After the Olympic Games, the CNCC was renovated and reopened officially in November 2009. Up
to the 2010 Spring Festival, it held nearly 200 exhibitions, conferences, banquest and performances,
with more than 100,000 delegates and thousands of exhibitors. Over 30 events were held whole
participants exceed 1,000 people. (p. 74-75)
2.1.7 Evacuation + Assembly Facilities: Harmony between Two Spacious Facilities
The construction of public assembly facilities must first be defined and carefully planned because all too
often projects are launched on the basis of personal desires, competition with other cities, community pride,
political pleasures, business influences and a score of similar reasons. Jewell (1921) states that these
buildings [pertaining to public assembly facilities] from such beginnings will remain a tax burden on their
cities for many years to come. (p.32)
There is currently no solid structure for public assembly facilities in Oriental Mindoro. Although the
province is the capital region of MIMAROPA IV-B, regional events are done in neighboring regions namely
Marinduque, Romblon and Palawan wherein such events if done in Oriental Mindoro shall provide a boost in
tourism and economic growth for the province.
Although, public assembly facility would prove to be beneficial for Oriental Mindoro it is also not
economically feasible. Ideally, an investigation of a communitys current demand should include an
inventory of existing facilities, followed by an examination of future requirements. To construct the public
assembly facility most needed by a community is perhaps the best formula for a successful project, but
deciding what to build often proves more difficult (Jewell, 1921, p.35).
An assembly facility is an ideal accompaniment for an evacuation facility as both requires spacious areas to
accommodate hundreds of users. Both facilities shall work harmoniously with each other because of the
combination of the sites needs and potentials.
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Jewell (1921) emphasizes that:
The goal, it would seem, would be a facility tailor-made for its community, but at the same time
recognizing the specific or peculiar needs of that buildings users or lessees. From a functional
standpoint the floor plan of the building must reflect the affinity of certain activities for one another.
(p. 71)
By combining both the need for a disaster ready facility and potential of Oriental Mindoro a disaster ready
multi-purpose facility is a tailor-made design for the community of the province.
2.1.8 Development in Sports Facility Design
The need for a Sports Facility is driven by the aim to create sporting culture that recognizes the importance
of sports and hones trained sportspersons who can shine for the region at the national or even global level. In
addition to placing regional sports more firmly on the national map, this will also act as a catalyst to
propagate the sporting culture to the grassroot level. This will aid in human development and enhance the
exposure level for the youth across all walks.
The advantages of having sports inclined facilities for a municipality and furthermore for a province, boosts
several factors. Sports generate revenue for other businesses in the city that they are located. They make this
possible by producing revenue for hotels, restaurants, small scale vendors and other attractions in the city.
According to Bruckman, Crawshaw, Cudoc and Ellis (2007), Another type of externality that is created by
new sports stadium is known as civic pride. Although this is a nonuse externality people can still take pride
in new arenas built in their city (p. 5)
Bruckman, Crawshaw, Cudoc and Ellis (2007), also argued that:
Another major reason to build a new stadium is to increase the opportunity to get the best players. A
new stadium can increase the chances of getting a highly sought after player because they will want
to have the opportunity to play in the nicest stadiums with the nicest workout facilities and lock
rooms. Lastly, a new stadium can increase the revenues for businesses located in that city. The new
attraction to the stadium will give local restaurants the opportunity for new and increasing numbers
of customers. (p. 3)
According to the book The Economics of Sports, by Michael Leeds and Peter von Allmen, cities can
greatly benefit from having a professional sports team. It is thought that having a team spurs economic
growth in the area and also has intangible benefits, such as the pride of living in a big league city (Leeds &
von Allmen).
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There are several reasons as to why cities must build new and improved sport stadiums as it boosts economic
growth by providing revenue while producing the best players from the city.
In conclusion, after considering both the positive and negative aspects of new stadium construction we
believe that the construction of new stadiums and sporting arenas is not only a positive development for
cities, but also a necessary development for the viability of any sports franchise as well as their host city.
Figure 2.1 Number of Sports Stadiums (Source: Worlds Stadiums)
2.2 RELATED STUDIES
2.2.1 Proposed Integrated Sports and Community Complex, Grazielle R. Escoto (2009)
The author, Ms. Escoto during her undergraduate thesis saw the need for an Integrated Sports and
Community Complex in Novaliches, Quezon City. The need for the proposal is further justified due to the
fact that existing sports facilities in Quezon City is inaccessible to the general public. Ms. Escoto then linked
the need for such a proposal in order to lessen the dangerous vices like alcohol abuse, smoking and
gambling.
According to Ms. Escoto (2009)in her introduction on her study:
their time [pertaining to youth] if not spent for work and/or school could have been spent not on
vices but on more productive activities such as organized sports and recreational activities that will
not only help them enhance their physical and social skills but will also promote health and
security, if there were only such establishments that caters the facilities to promote these activities.
(p. 2)
The author claims that through sports and other social activities, an individual can develop his/her skills and
learn about sportsmanship and unity in a fun and healthy way. She believes that in the proposed integrated
sports and community complex wherein sports and social activities can be held together can provide a
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special place where an individual can learn how to live with the society and discover and express her/his
utmost capabilities.
In her study, emphasized the several points for designing integrated sports and community complex. The
following points are deemed necessary by the researcher and are vital help for the continuation of the study:
2.2.1.1 Conclusion Based from Survey
1. Location: it will be more convenient if the sports complex will be built near residential areas to
encourage them to go there without thinking of unwanted expenses.
2. Budget: the complex should be affordable for everyone. It should attend to the current economic
crisis in the country. Use of natural resources will be beneficial for both users and owners.
3. Health:it would be more beneficial if the complex would feature facilities that can be used even by
disabled persons who wanted to take part in the various activities that the complex can offer.
4. Not Interesting: the complex should be encouraging and attractive to the people to promote its
purpose and function to the public.
5. Facilities: the residents were not satisfied by the facilities offered by the sports complex in the area.
An integrated sports complex could help solve this problem so people would know where to go if
they wanted a place where there are various sports activities and programs to choose from.
6. Design:the structure should be appealing to the public so they will keep on going in and out of the
site. People who are coming just to see the building might as well be encouraged to join the activities
offered by the proposal.
2.2.1.2 Overall Conclusion and Recommendation for the Integrated Sports and Community
Complex
1. The city of Novaliches needs to increase access to sports and recreational

facilities and and to further develop existing ones.
2. Part of the Citys development plan is the integration of all sports programs and
activities and provision of sports facilities in the barangay, district and city
levels.
3. Having a sports complex is beneficial not only to the residents but to the
community as a whole.
4. To promote the complex, the populations answers on why they have not been
or do not go to the sports complex should be considered such as location,
health, budget and interest,
5. Having the complex in Novaliches will be beneficial for both Quezon City and
Caloocan City.
6. There are a wide range of interests expressed by the residents of Novaliches,
either from Quezon City or Caloocan City, their interests should be considered
in order to determine the actual needed area for a particular activity.
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The author emphasizes heavily on the impact of the users for the need analysis of the proposal. The study
provides several considerations for proposing an integrated sports and community complex. This study
reviewed by the author was relevant because of the mixed use of the sports complex. Wherein the proposal
of the author shall have similarities with the function of the integrated sports and community complex.
Furthermore, the researcher sees vital points that could be of valuable use for the researchers study.
2.2.1 Disaster and Emergency Preparedness: Stadium Renovation, Sylvester B. Padaca

(2014)
The author, Mr Padaca during his undergraduate thesis saw the need for centralized evacuation
center/facilities in the National Capital Region. In line with this, he also saw that constructing such
evacuation centers in NCR is costly and shall take up too much space.
Mr. Padace identified the stadium as one of the strongest structures built to withstand the effects of natural
disasters wherein he used the Tacloban Stadium as an example. The said stadium is situated in Tacloban,
Leyte. It has withstand the Typhoon Yolanda (internationally known as Typhoon Haiyan) which is one of the
worst calamities that have struck the country and carved its name in history.
With this, the author got his idea for his undergraduate thesis entitled: Disaster and Emergency
Preparedness: Stadium Renovation. The study aims to provide basic information in-order for the stadium
to easily adapt from being a stadium into an evacuation center.
In his study, Mr. Padace emphasized the several points for repurposing stadiums into evacuation centers. The
following points are deemed necessary by the researcher and are vital help for the continuation of the study:
1. Centralized Evacuation:
a. providing a centralized evacuation center provides an ease to the
evacuation officers, it can provide more services and distribution of relief
goods rather than going house to house.
b. Spread of diseases can be contained quickly since the City Health
Department with collaboration of the distribution of medical supplies is
going to be easier.
c. Isolation area for the people who have infectious diseases should be
provided in order to assess them properly.
2. Principles and Recommendations of Architect and Urban Planner Paulo
Alcazaren:
a. Stadia are large enough to accommodate thousands. Even smaller arenas
have spaces for hundreds. The concept is scaleable.
b. The elevated design of the structure provides safety from the storm
surges.
c. Gym bikes generating power sources may also be a good idea.
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d. Solar Panels and Rain Water Harvesting system may also be a good
component for a typhoon resilient structure.
e. There should be no regular seating, just planking or padded mats that
could serve as mats for refugees.
f. Every column of the stadium should feature a sillo or cistern which can
collect rainwater from the roof. The water can be used for the stadiums
urinals and showers. Installing a filter can make the water drinkable,
providing at least temporary stocks of fresh water until more relief goods
arrive.
g. The stadium should feature more stalls, urinals and showers, than the
usual number.
h. Emergency power should come from generators, but they should be
augmented with solar panels, which convert solar energy into electricity,
and petal power in which foot pedal or crank is used manually to
generate electricity.
i. The stadium should be built on elevated sites, safe from flooding or storm
surges. It should be surrounded by flat areas for tents and helicopter
landing zones.
j. Emergency Clinics must be installed in the stadium with medical supplies
always in stock.
In conclusion, Mr. Padaca heavily relied on the principles and recommendations of Ar. Paulo Alcazaren for
his study. The study provides innovative ways of transforming an existing sport stadium into an evacuation
center. This study reviewed by the researcher has similarities with the proposal, but the difference is that the
planning and design of the proposal is much more complex given the fact that the considerations for the
design process shall encompass a new structure that is tailor-made and functions as evacuation center and
sports stadium from the beginning.
Furthermore, the researcher sees vital points that could be of valuable use for the researchers study.
3 Research methodology
This chapter introduces the methods that will be effectively used in this research; the research instrument and
research locale, respondents of the study, and the statistical treatment to be used in understanding the data
to be acquired.
3.1. RESEARCH METHOD
The method that will be conducted in this study is descriptive method. As widely accepted, the descriptive
method of research is defines as an investigatory study that includes precise and satisfactory understanding
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of outcomes. Descriptive method will be used to determine systematically the current conditions of disaster-
ready and multi-purpose public assembly facilities that would potentially be the solution to the needs of the
target beneficiary of the proposal. This method aims to anticipate furthering the information needed in this
research. Essentially, the method is suitable to this study because it aims to define the current condition of
practical analysis as it is used in actual practice and real-life demand of the proposed structure . Descriptive
information will be acquired through case studies, interviews, acquired statistical data and etc. The case
study will be conducted to extensively study the background, current status, practices or situation of related
existing structures. Whereas, interviews shall be done on the province of Oriental Mindoro wherein target
interviewees are head of local government departments of the Governors Office located in Calapan City,
Oriental Mindoro and also professionals with a background and knowledge on disaster planning and
management.
3.2 RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS
Statistical data of reports (see collected data) from most devastating typhoons that made landfall in Oriental
Mindoro from 2010 to 2016, including affected families, flood prone areas, etc. are gathered for the purpose
of this research. The proponent has prepared different set of questionnaires (see on appendices) for her
interviewees; people with knowledge on the context of the proposal and people whom shall support that
there is a need for the proposal itself. The said set of questions varies per professional occupancy of the
interviewee. The researcher also conducts observational techniques to further examine problems and issues
pertaining to disaster ready multi-purpose facilities, it was also used through case studies of current related
structures in the Philippines.
3.3 POPULATION UNIVERSE AND SUBJECT OF THE STUDY
The population universe of the study will be the local citizens of Oriental Mindoro. The proposal will be
mostly used by victims of natural disasters during and after said calamities. Also, it could be used to hold
large gatherings and assemblies for the province. International and local tourists may also use the proposal as
a means of conducting any event that requires a spacious facility in a good tourist spot with ideal access from
Central Luzon and Northern Visayas. Local district, municipal, provincial, and regional players of Oriental
Mindoro and MIMAROPA IV-B as a whole shall also be part of the population universe.
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Figure 3.1: Oriental Mindoro Density and Area by City/Municipality form 2010-
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4 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS
4.1 CASE STUDIES
Under this entry are case studies both local and international that has similar functions for the proposal. The
data gathered through observational analysis are used for identifying the Strengths, Weaknesses,
Opportunities and Threats. Another purpose of these case studies is to analyze and understand the advantages
and disadvantages of the different structures that may give guidance to the development of the design
recommendations
4.1.1 LOCAL CASE STUDIES
4.1.1.1 Baseco Evacuation Center
1. Basic Description
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Baseco Evacuation Center is an evacuation center situated at Baseco

Compound, Manila. It was constructed last 2010 by the order of then Manila
Mayor Alfredo Lim. In 2014 the evacuation center was used twice. As of now,
Baseco Evacuation center remains as a community hall for public usage such as
trainings and small religious gatherings.
2. Site Analysis
The Baseco Evacuation Center is locate inside the Baseco Compound, Tondo,
Manila. It is surrounded by residential areas and a few institutional facilities.
3. Facilities
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Floor Spaces
Ground Floor Office of Restrooms
Depa7rtment of (Male, Female &
Social Welfar e PWD)
and Development
Office of NDRRMD Clinic
Office of Manila Centralized
Health Office Kitchen and
Mess Area One Bedroom
for evacuees
Second Floor Four bedrooms for Engineering and
evacuees Maintenance
Electrical Room Restrooms
(Male, Female &
PWD)
Third Floor Four bedrooms for Restrooms
Fourth Floor evacuees (Male, Female &
PWD)
In the Site Security Office Motorpool Area
Nine Toilet Assembly Area
Cubicles
4. SWOT Analysis
SWOT ANALYSIS
Strength The Baseco Evacuation center is easily accessible to residents of the
Baseco Compund. It is strategically located near institutional areas,
wherein if there would be an overspill of evacuees, nearby facilities
would cater to them.
The facility itself provides natural lighting and ventilation. It is well

planned and provides easy circulation to evacuees. Spatial provision for
offices of official concerned with the evacuees are also provided and
clustered in such a way that communication and emergency response may
easily be established.
Weakness Today, the evacuation center does not cater to any activities aside from
small scale public and community trainings. The facility easily detoriates
and spaces are not well taken care of.
The rooms provided for evacuees seem small compared to the population
that they cater. It is a classroom type evacuation center, making the
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distribution of the relief packages hard, including the accounting of

evacuees, assembly and announcements.
Oppurtunities Due to the layout of the facility, it can easily be converted into a school.
Other than that, with its location, it is ideal for a school since it is near
residential areas.
Threats The Baseco Evacuation Center has a few threats that could be of vital
use for the researcher. Because of the amount of evacuees using the
facility, some measures are avoidable. Many accessories such as faucets,
e-fans, and others are stolen by the evacuees also known as Tirador.
With the deterioration of the facility, future evacuations may not be

possible anymore. If tried to continue its services, the evacuation center
may only worsen the problem.
5. Documentation
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4.1.1.2 Del Pan Evacuation Center
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The Del Pan Evacuation Center is a four-storey evacuation center located in Del
Pan, Tondo, Manila. It can accommodate 3,000 victims of calamities and
evacuees. The project was under the administration of former Manila Mayor
Alfredo Lim. The Del Pan Evacuation Center is a model for evacuation centers,
according to Francis Tolentino, chair of the Manila Metropolitan Development
Authority.
2. Site Analysis
3. Facilities
Floor Spaces
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Ground Floor Office of Restrooms

Depa7rtment of (Male, Female &
Social Welfar e PWD)
and Development
Office of NDRRMD Clinic
Office of Manila Centralized
Health Office Kitchen and
Mess Area One Bedroom
for evacuees
Second Floor Four bedrooms for Engineering and
evacuees Maintenance
Electrical Room Restrooms
(Male, Female &
PWD)
Third Floor Four bedrooms for Restrooms
Fourth Floor evacuees (Male, Female &
PWD)
In the Site Security Office Motorpool Area
Nine Toilet Assembly Area
Cubicles
4. SWOT Analysis
SWOT ANALYSIS
STRENGTH
WEAKNESS
OPPURTUNITIES
THREATS
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5. Documentation
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4.1.1.3 Bangkal Community Complex
Barangay Bangkal Community Complex is located in Barangay Bangkal, Makati,
Manila. The construction of this community complex started in 2005 and ended
in 2006. It is a two storey building with the barangay hall in the ground floor and
a gymnasium in the second floor. The community complez served as an
evacuation center for the victims of Hanging Habagat in August 2012.
2. Site Analysis
3. Facilities
4. SWOT Analysis
SWOT ANALYSIS
STRENGTH
WEAKNESS
OPPURTUNITIES
THREATS
4.1.1.4 Tacloban City Sports and Convention Center
The Tacloban City Convention Center, also known as the Tacloban Astrodome or
the Tacloban City Coliseum, is an indoor arena located in Tacloban, Philippines. It
has a seating capacity of 4,500. It is used primarily for basketball, concerts,
regional events and other conventions. It is the second-largest indoor arena in
the Eastern Visayas region, after the Ormoc Superdome in Ormoc.
The convention center was one of the few standing structures in Tacloban after
Typhoon Yolanda. It served as an evacuation center for the victims of the
typhoon.
2. Site Analysis
3. Facilities
4. SWOT Analysis
SWOT ANALYSIS
STRENGTH
WEAKNESS
OPPURTUNITIES
THREATS
4.1.2 INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDIES
4.1.2.1 Saitama Super Arena
2. Site Analysis
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3. Linkages
4. Facilities
5. SWOT Analysis
SWOT ANALYSIS
STRENGTH
WEAKNESS
OPPURTUNITIES
THREATS
4.1.2.2 Superdome
2. Site Analysis
3. Linkages
4. Facilities
5. SWOT Analysis
SWOT ANALYSIS
STRENGTH
WEAKNESS
OPPURTUNITIES
THREATS
4.1.2.3 The Galen Center
5 Basic Description
6 Site Analysis
7 Linkages
8 Facilities
9 SWOT Analysis
SWOT ANALYSIS
STRENGTH
WEAKNESS
OPPURTUNITIES
THREATS
4.2 Oral Investigation
Under this entry are summaries of interviews from different professionals that has knowledge regarding the
proposal. These interviews helped the researcher to have deeper knowledge and understand the key points of
her proposal as well as its strengths and weaknesses. Actual questions used for the said interviews are located
in the appendix.
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The researcher interviewed people in three different categories, said categories are: 1) Officer-in-Charge in
Local Case Studies, 2) Provincial Officials in Oriental Mindoro Capitol and last 3) Municipal Officials of
Baco, Naujan and Calapan.
4.2.1 Officer-in-Charge in Local Case Studies

Interview on officers-in-charge on the different local case studies presented on this study gives the researcher
a more in-depth view of what happens in the existing structure during evacuations and emergency situations.
With this, the researcher could point out the weaknesses of these existing structures thus, giving her the
opportunity to apply in her design improvements on evacuation and sports facilities.
4.2.1.1 Mr. Junjun Lebantino Village

OIC in Baseco Evacuation Center
4.2.1.2 Ms. Ruby P. Patoc

Barangay Kagawad in Brgy. (-)
Del Pan Evacuation Center
4.2.1.3 Mr. Christian Jacinto

Disaster and Engagement Response Head
Bangkal Community Complex
4.2.2 Provincial Officials from the Oriental Minodoro Capitol.

Interviews for the provincial officials from the Oriental Mindoro Capitol shall give the researcher a holistic
view of the province and study locale. The gathered information also provides the researcher an in-depth
look on municipalities within the province that are most affected by natural calamities. Most likely, these
municipalities shall be the beneficiary of the proposal, considering that the potential site came from the
officials themselves.
Stated below are also major considerations for the design development and process of the proposal, as these
persons in authority has more experience and knowledge regarding certain situations that the researcher may
not have any access or experiences to.
4.2.2.1 Governor Alfonso Umali Jr.

Governor of Oriental Mindoro
Provincial Governors Office
4.2.2.2 Mr. Vinscent B. Gahol

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OIC Disaster Risk Reduction & Management Division
Mr. Vinscent B. Gahol is the officer-in-charge in the office of the Disaster Risk Reduction & Management
Division in Oriental Mindoro.
Q1: What is the state of Oriental Mindoro in terms of Natural Disasters?
According to him, like other provinces in the Philippines, Oriental Mindoro is not an exemption to the
average of 20 typhoons entering PAR and actually it is one of the most susceptible. There is an estimated
number of eight to ten (8-10) typhoons being experienced by Oriental Mindoro and of those, three (3) are
typically most destructive; Yolanda and Nona are some examples.
During typhoons come the secondary hazard, flooding, he said. Because Oriental Mindoro is gifted with
major waters and rivers and up until to date, although engineering interventions are being implemented, said
rivers are still unmanageable adding up to the hazard of flooding. When asked which community or
municipality in Oriental Mindoro is mostly devastated in times of such disasters, he mentioned Baco and
Naujan. The Municipality of Baco is prone to flooding because almost all of its barangays have many rivers.
Q2: What are your past experiences during natural disasters?
According to him, the disaster response before takes too long most especially because rescuers still comes
from Calapan City (the only city then with an organic personnel as a response team). He said that, Ang
problema talaga natin noon ay ang oras ng pagsagip ay napakahaba, lalo nat manggaling pa sa Calapan
ang response team. Until came the Republic Act 10121: Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction Act of 2010,
the act that made disaster management the major responsibility of the province. Evacuation centers in
barangay halls are being implemented.
Q3: What is the current state of evacuation centers in Oriental Mindoro and how can they be further
improved?
Currently, school classrooms and barangay halls are being used as evacuation centers by municipalities. Mr.
Gahol also argued, hindi rin naman safe [pertaining to barangay halls and school classrooms used as
temporary evacuation centers], ibig sabihin kung nasaan yung baha nandun din yung mga schools/evacuation
centers. Pero dahil wala ngang evacuation centers pinagtyatyagaan nalamang. He said that in a single
barangay hall is not spacious and only two to three (2-3) families could be accommodated.
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Oriental Mindoro is trying to continually improve barangay halls by putting up evacuation wards in barangay
halls that was implemented in 2013 using the standard of DSWD. Although standards for an evacuation
center is still not met.
Q4: Aside from an evacuation center, what facility do you think is needed by Oriental Mindoro that would
work harmoniously with the latter?
Mr. Gahol agreed that an evacuation center is not always needed by the province, although typhoons are
frequent. He sees it fit to incorporate a sports facility together with the evacuation facility. Marami tayong
sports competition dito sa Mindoro at kailangan natin ng facility para doon lalo na ang tulugan ng mga
athletes na nanggagaling pa sa ibat ibang rehiyon. Instead of accommodating athletes in hotels, why not
build a sports facility with lodging for them, he said as he strengthen his point. Because the feature of
evacuation facilitates has a spacious center, maybe it could also function as a training center or seminar
areas. Kaya kung makakagawa sana tayo ng isang evacuation center na parang isang sports complex at
convention center, maganda sana. Although a proposal is great, we must first identify a safe and ideal
location for the structure he said. He gave four strategic locations for the proposal which is Calapan, Naujan,
Victoria and Baco.
Q5: What are some of the factors that the researcher should consider when designing a Disaster Ready Multi-
purpose Facility?
First, we must consider the evacuees he emphasized. In the interview, Mr. Gahol specifically said,
kailangan hindi maramdaman ng mga tao na sila ay victims. For the researcher, this statement was one of
the most memorable lines in the interview as it fulfills the intent of the researcher to prioritize the victims of
natural disaster above anything else. He said that evacuees tend to go to evacuation centers to feel safe and
secure.
Second, we must consider sanitation of the evacuation facilities. Cleanliness should be exercised properly
most especially that during natural disasters, disease is more evident. Restrooms should be with accordance
to proper ratio and number of users of the facility.
Third is the consideration of general development and space planning. Proper spaces designated for children,
pregnant women, elderly and persons with disability (PWD) is vital for an evacuation center. It is better if
inside the evacuation center children could play and or hold classes. He also said that in a community there is
one or two PWD, and in DRRM they do not neglect these people. Ang isang buhay na mawawala ay
mahalaga. He emphasized.
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4.2.2.3 Ms. Lydia Munesca S. Melgar

Supervising Administrative Officer | Field Coordinating Officer
OIC Provincial Planning & Development Office
4.2.2.4 Mr. Junielo P. Alcuran

OIC Sports and Youth Development Office
4.2.2.5 Mr. Orlando B. Tizon

Supervising Tourism Operations Officer
OIC Provincial Tourism, Investigation & Enterprise Development Office
4.2.3 Municipal Officials from Baco, Naujan and Calapan

Entries under this section is crucial for a specified understanding of the situation of natural disasters in the
top three flood prone and vulnerable cities and municipalities in the province as stated from the interview of
Provincial Officials in the Oriental Mindoro Capitol. The top three (3) most flood prone and vulnerable
municipalities/city are the following: Baco, Naujan and Calapan.
The gathered information would also be the researchers basis and guide for site selection and analysis.
Through the interviews, the researcher was also able to identify the specific needs of each municipality,
including the need for the sports facility.
4.2.3.1 Hon. Mayor Reynaldo M. Marco

Municipal Mayor of Baco
Office of the Mayor
Q1: What is the state of Baco, Oriental Mindoro in terms of Disaster Management and Preparedness?
As of now, this municipality is doing its best efforts to respond to disasters. As you can see our
Building for Disaster Management office is 90% completed. We also have newly purchased equipment, such
as rescue boats. We are maximizing our efforts in identifying flood prone areas throughout Baco. We are
providing trainings for our rescuers, equipping them with first-hand knowledge as to how they can carry out
their tasks efficiently. The municipality allots budget for food, medicine, gasoline and other necessities.
Hon. Mayor Reynaldo discussed.
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Baco does not lack in manpower. That is what the Mayor emphasized. They are talking to residents of the
municipality, most especially those who have cars to help out in rescuing victims of natural disasters, as well
as the local police officers.
The best way of prevention is information. The Mayor said. nakikipag-usap na tayo sa mga tao, lalong
lalo na sa mga vulnerable families, and we are informing them as much as possible, LEVEL 1 means
information, LEVEL 2 means evacuation.
Q2: What are your past experiences during natural disasters?
According to him, the municipalitys worst experience of natural disaster during his administration would be
the Typhoon Nona of December 2015.
Mayor Marco said that, Isang baranagay Barangay Bayanan, was totally washed out including their
Poblacion, 183 houses taken down, and natabunan talaga yan, nawala talaga yan. He also argued that Bacos
agricultural sector was greatly affected, the death of l. And for the first time, their Municipal Hall was
submerged in flood with a height of six feet, wherein all of the ground floor offices were underwater. But
Nona also left flood mud or banlik as the locals call it.
Bacos typhoon related casualty are only three. One was taken by the current, while the other two were
trapped in their houses and unfortunately were not rescued.
Q3: What is the current state of evacuation centers in the Municipality of Baco and how can they be further
improved?
The Mayor said that the first problem of evacuation centers in the municipalities is that they are very small
with only little space for victims. A barangay hall could only take in five affected families. Second is that
these evacuation centers are also flood prone. Mayor Marco specifically said that, Ang isa pang problema
ay itong mga evacuation centers na ito ay nasa flood prone areas din, kaya minsan kapagh biglang laki ng
tubig hindi na natin madadala ang mga evacuees sa center.
The third problem is the distribution of relief goods, because the evacuation centers are submerged in flood,
and with the strong current, rescue boats are unable to pass through. In order to somehow counteract this, the
Local Government Units or LGUs are already advising the residents that as early as signal number 1, they
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2013122425 4/10/2017
should already prepare food, medications and other necessities. So that if the signal reaches number 2, the
residents would be ready to transfer to the evacuation centers.
Q4: Aside from an evacuation center, what facility do you think is needed by the Municipality of Baco that
would work harmoniously with the latter?
In other barangays they use their Barangay Halls as evacuation centers. Also these centers are used for
trainings and assemblies. So in a way their evacuation centers are already multi-purpose.
Q5: What are your thoughts on having a Disaster Ready Multi-purpose Facility in the Municipality of Baco?
Mayor Marco is positive that the proposal would be very beneficial for their municipality. Hon. Mayor
Marco specifically said, Yan ang talagang sakin ay number one porposal yan. Dahil ang Baco and isa sa
pinaka flood prone area sa Oriental Mindoro, kami ang catch basin ng Mt. Halcon. Ibig sabihin, lahat ng
tubig na nang gagaling sa bundok ay dumidiretso dito saamin. He said that an evacuation center is the
number one priority of the municipality.
4.2.3.2 Hon. Mayor

Municipal Mayor of Naujan
Office of the Mayor
4.2.3.3 Mr. Joery M. Geroleo

Officer-in-Charge
Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction Management Department
MDRRM Information Center
4.2.3.4 Mr. Jefferson Pasajol

Public Assistance and Compliant Personnel
City Disaster Risk Reduction Management Departmnet
CDRRM Office
2.3 Presentation of Collected Data
2.3.1 Disaster Management Data
2.3.1.1 Disaster Timeline 2004 2015
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Date Descriptio Population Impacts

n / Areas
Affected
Novem Flashflood 48 Registered 8
ber 24, - heavy barangays death, 30
2004 rain of Bansud, injured and
caused by Mansalay, 24 missing.
typhoon Pinamalay Infrastructure
Unding an, Gloria, damaged
Bongabong posted to
, Roxas PhP255,
and 130,000.00
Bulalacao. while
A total of agricultural
81,860 losses
families pegged at
and PhP515,
407,750 615,510.00. A
persons total of 8,709
were houses totally
affected. damaged and
7,107 houses
partially
damaged
Decem Flashflood 163 barangays Two casualties
ber 6, - heavy (Calapan City,
2005 rainfall
resulted to Naujan, Victoria,
large Socorro, Pola,
discharges
Pinamalayan &
in both
Mag- Baco). A total of
asawang 30,420 families or
Tubig and
Bucayao 155,274 persons were
Rivers. affected.
Decem Flashflood- 141 Registered

ber 17 Typhoon barangays one death.
and 27, Quedan of Baco, Infrastructure
2005 and Naujan, damage
continuou Victoria posted to
s heavy and PhP158.98
rains Calapan million while
contribute City and agricultural
d to over Pinamalay losses
flow of an, pegged at
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2013122425 4/10/2017
some Bansud, PhP166.47

major Bongabong million for the
rivers and , Roxas December 6,
its Mansalay 17 and 27,
tributaries and 2005
. Bulalacao. flashfloods.
A total of
23,364
families
were
affected.
Calapan
City, Baco,
Naujan,
San
Teodoro,
Puerto
Galera. A
total of
29,050
families or
133,190
persons
were
affected.
May 12 Damages 379 barangays of Registered 8 death, 30
to 14, of Calapan City, Baco, injured and a total of
2006 Typhoon
Caloy- San Teodoro, Puerto 29,740houses partially
Signal #3. Galera, Naujan, damaged.
Victoria, Socorro,
Pola, Pinamalayan,
Gloria, Bansud,
Bongabong, Roxas,
Mansalay, and
Bulalacao. A total of
81,860 families and
407, 750 persons were
affected.
Novem First 244 barangays of Two casualties.

ber 30- District of Calapan City, Baco, Registered three death.
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Decem Oriental Gloria, Naujan, Pola, Infrastructure damaged

ber 1, Mindoro Puerto Galera, Roxas, posted to PhP25.3
2006 including
other San Teodoro, & million while agricultural
municipali Socorro and 36,776 losses pegged at
ties in the
families or 163,213 PhP296.1 million. A total
second
district persons were affected. of 13,458 houses are
such as totally and partially
Pinamalay
an, damaged.
Bansud,
Bongabon
g, and
Roxas was
devastate
d by
Typhoon
Reming.
Decem Flood Ninety Production
ber 9 Damage- seven loss posted to
and 10, continuou barangays PhP139,
2006 s of heavy or farmers 214,281.00.
rains of Baco,
caused of Bansud,
typhoon Bongabong
Seniang. , Calapan
City,
Gloria,
Mansalay,
Pinamalay
an, Roxas
and
Victoria.
June 23 Typhoon 36 Agricultural Damaged
and 25, Feria. barangays posted to
2009 of Calapan
City, PhP30,
Naujan, 074,500.00
Pola, and
Pinamalay Infrastructure
an, Damaged
Bongabong posted to
, Roxas, PhP6, 250.00.
Puerto
Galera,
Victoria,
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Socorro,
Gloria, San
Teodoro,
Bansud
and
Bulalacao.
A total of
2,744
families
and 13,565
persons
were
affected.
January Flashflood Naujan-41 barangays. Registered 2 casualties
17, - heavy A total of 1,875 infrastructure damage
2010 rains in
the families or 9,375 posted to PhP3.7 million
mountain persons were affected. while agricultural losses
area
pegged at
resulted to
the Baco-15 barangays- PhP29.66 million.
overflowin Alag, Burbuli, Sta.
g of
riverbanks Rosa I, Catwiran I,
along the Catwiran II, Sta. Agricultural losses
Bucayao
Cruz, Tagumpay pegged at PhP10.28
and Mag-
asawang Malapad, Poblacion, million.
Tubig Bangkatan, Dulangan
Rivers.
I Dulangan II,
Dulangan III, Putican
Cabulo & Pulang
Tubig. A total of
2,277 families or
11,376 persons were
affected.
January 17, 2010 Flashfloo 5 barangays (Calapan 346 were injured. One
d & Victoria). A total of and 2,064 houses totally
continuou
s heavy 1,724 families or and partially damaged,
rains. 8,528 persons were respectively.
affected. Infrastructure damaged
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Oriental Mindoro.
2013122425 4/10/2017
posted to PhP27.81
million while agricultural
losses pegged at PhP0.69
million.
October 8, 2010 Flashflood Four barangays were Registered one death.

continuous heavy affected namely: Agricultural losses
rains. Pagalagala, Nabuslot, pegged at PhP6.94
and Sto. Nio and million.
Anoling of the
municipality of
Pinamalayan. A total
of seven families or
35 persons were
affected.
October Flood 10 Status of

8,2010 Damage locations damages
Report of Socorro were starting
Caused by namely: to wit,
flashflood Leuteboro, partially
Calucmoy, lodged,
Bagsok lodged and
(Sitio Dao), silted. 222.25
Viallreal, was the total
Calubayan, area has.
Monteverd
e, Zone III,
Catiningan,
Matungao
(Sitio
Munting
Bakas) and
Bayuin. A
total of
202
farmers
were
affected.
Februar flooding incident. 15 municipalities/ 6 houses totally damaged
y 7, barangay of 2 casualties, 2 persons
2011
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Pinamalayan. 329 died. Riverbank

farmers affected. A collapsed, 3144.1
total of 13 flooded hectares of palay
municipalities and damaged, PhP1,
240 barangays. 477,321.00 more or less
value of crops affected.
October 4, 2011 Effects of 19 barangays/ 8 Registered five death, six
Tropical Storm municipalities in 2 missing and thirteen
Pedring at the province of Region survivor/rescued.
Region IV-B. IV-B is 2,121 families Infrastructure damage
and 10,397 persons posted to 85 million,
were affected. Agricultural Damage
posted to PhP537,
947,320.00.
October Landslide Tropical Five municipalities One casualties

12, Storm Ramon. were affected namely: infrastructure damaged
2011
Signal #1 Baco, Bulalacao, posted to
Roxas, Mansalay, San PhP6 million. A 23
Teodoro and Calapan families / 103 individual
City were evacuated.
October Flood caused by 13 barangays of Baco 1 casualties (injured)

12, typhoon Ramon namely: Mangangan from Puerto. A total
2011
I, Poblacion, losses of PhP2, 846,000
Tagumpay, Dulangan, and PhP6, 693,775. 207
I Katwiran I, totally and partially
Bangkatan, Alag, damaged.
Dulangan II, San
Ignacio, Burbuli, Sta.
Cruz, Mayabig and
Malapad. A total of
180 farmers were
affected.
October Typhoon Ramon 115 families of Baco, A total of 674 totally and
13,
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2011 Bulalacao, Calapan partially damaged.

City port, Dangay
port, Roxas, Mansalay
and San Teodoro. A
total of 509 persons
were affected.
October Typhoon Ramon 382 farmers of Baco, Agricultural
14, Calapan City, damaged
2011 losses
Mansalay and Naujan pegged at
were affected. 6,560,000.
Decem Flooding 13 barangays of Baco
ber 10, and and Puerto Galera. A
2011 Landslide
Incident. total of 1,456 families
were affected.
Decem Flood 11
ber 11, and barangays
2011 Landslide namely:
Animuan,
San Isidro,
Balatero,
Sto. Nio,
Tabinay,
Dulangan,
Villaflor,
Sabang,
Poblacion,
Palangan
and
Baclayan.
A total of
298
families
were
affected
and
evacuated.
March -Flashflood. A total of 88 Infrastructure damage
26 and barangays of Baco, posted to PhP44.01
28,
2012 Calapan, Naujan, million while agricultural
Pola, and Vitoria were losses pegged at PhP16.7
affected. A total of million.
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2013122425 4/10/2017
1,835 farmers were

affected.
Rice Black Bug 2 barangays at Booting Stage-headings
August municipality of are Totally damaged.
2-6, Victoria namely 42.5 hectares were
2012
Malabo and Duongan, affected.
37 persons were
affected.
August Monsoon Surge 14 municipalities of 247 area
6 to 7, (Habagat) caused of Baco. A total of 1527 were totally
2012 damaged
flood. families were
affected. 199 number
of farmers were
affected.
October Typhoon 240 Registered 5
25, Ofel barangay death and 34
2012 of 13 injured. Two
municipalit casualties
ies of infrastructure
Baco, damaged
Puerto posted to
Galera, PhP89.4
Calapan million while
City, agricultural
Victoria, losses
Pola, pegged at
Bansud, 774.1 million.
Bongabong A total of
, Roxas, 4,240 houses
Mansalay, are totally
Gloria, and partially
Bulalacao, damaged.
and 13,026
Pinamalay families/perso
an were n were
affected. A rescued and
total of evacuated.
29,504
families or
73,031
persons
were
affected.
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January MV BALENO 168 52 passengers were 18 cargo trucks and

31,201 incident safely rescued. vehicles were damaged.
3
June Tropical Storm 4

28,201 Gorio signal #1 provinces
3 in Region
IV-B
(MIMAROP
A) include
the
Occidental
Mindoro. 3
municipalit
ies
namely;
Baco,
Bulalacao,
Bansud
and other
10 brgys
were
affected
August Flashflood Eleven barangays
19 and - tropical namely: Alag,
20, storm
2013 Maring Bangkatan, Burbuli,
Sta. Cruz, Mangangan
I, Mangangan II,
Catwiran I, Poblacion,
Tagumpay and the
Tabon-tabon of the
municipality of the
Baco. A total of 5
persons were affected.
Novem Storm Families living 125 partially damaged

ber 8, Surge and coastal barangays, house and 34 totally
2013 Flooding
caused of along river banks and damaged houses.
Typhoon whose houses are
Yolanda
made of light
materials. 13
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Oriental Mindoro.
2013122425 4/10/2017
barangays and 2,500

families and 11,000
persons were affected.
Novem Super 4 Registered 4
ber 9, Typhoon municipalit injured, one
2013 Yolanda ies were casualties
affected Agricultural
namely: losses at 2.9
San million. A
Teodoro, total of 1,468
Pinamalay are totally
an, Roxas and partially
and damaged.
Bongabong
. A total of
11,547
families or
45,280
persons
were
rescued
and
evacuated.
July 14- Typhoon Glenda 4 Province of Region Registered 4 death and 1
16, IV-B were affected missing. Registered two
2014
namely: Mindoro, casualties infrastructure
Marinduque, damaged posted to
Romblon and PhP19.57 million. A total
Palawan. A total of 19 of 1,719 houses are
Municipalities and totally and partially
102 barangays were damaged.
affected while 4,207
families or persons
were affected.
Decem Typhoon Ruby 15 municipalities Registered one death and

ber 8, 23,779 families and two injured, agricultural
2014
99,720 persons were losses pegged at PhP29,
affected. 299, 845, 98.00.
infrastructure damage
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Oriental Mindoro.
2013122425 4/10/2017
posted to
PhP6,500,000.00
Decem -Flashfloo 12 Agricultural Damage

ber 23- ds cause barangays posted at 3,787,180.
27, of heavy namely:
2014 rains. Antipolo, 171.35 hectares affected.
Bayani,
Andrialuna,
Pinagsaba
ngan II,
San Carlos,
Apitong,
Sampaguit
a, Gamao,
Nag-iba I,
Tigkan,
Sta. Isabel
and
Decem Flashflood 9 Agricultural
ber 31, due to barangays losses
2014 - continuou in pegged at 6.2
January s of heavy municipalit million. A
5, 2015 rain. y of total of 334
Victoria. A totally and
total of partially
171 affected.
farmers
were
affected.
January Threat of Barangay Alcate. 185 174 families stage of
1, 2015 Flashfloo population were crop devt,
d heavy
Rain affected and seedling/vegetative,
Shower evacuated. seedling and vegetative
that
under of type of crop
caused
Magasaw called rice. Estimated
ang Tubig cost were 6,221,595.00
River
Overflowe
d at
Barangay
Alcate,
Municipali
ty of
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Victoria.
Decem Typhoon Casualty 13 dead and Agriculture w/coonut
ber 14- Nona 401 injured 95,651 3,587,800,809.30
15,201
5 families and 422,495 Infrastructure:
individuals displaced 1,620,313,230.10
in 396 designated Environment:7,400,000.0
evacuation centers 0
from 384 affected Power: 290,622,177.12
barangays
Totally damaged
houses: 30,064
Partially damaged
houses: 46,478
1.1Summary of Disaster Timeline

**** insert summary here
2. List of Areas with Very High to High Landslide and Flood Susceptibility Based on
1:10,000 Scale Mapping
3. List of Frequently Flooded Barangays in Oriental Mindoro
4.2.4 Guideline on Evacuation Center Coordination and Management 2013
4.2.5 Sports Development Data
1. Typical Stadium Events in Mall of Asia Arena

*** insert table here
2. Circulation Route for Players/Competitors/Performers
*** insert table here
3. Provincial Sports Strategic Development Plan
The researcher used the Provincial Sports Strategic Development Plan provided by the Sports and Youth
Development Provincial Office. In line with this, the vital points for consideration are below. These key
points shall be used by the researcher for project justification and need analysis.
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Oriental Mindoro Vision:
A province with healthy, upright and empowered citizenry living in a safe and green environment, prepared
and resilient to climate change and disaster risks and governed by dynamic and responsive leadership
Mission Statement:
To develop highly competitive athletes in the province of Oriental Mindoro by promoting equitable
opportunities in sports and encouraging partnership responsive to stakeholders in achieving healthy lifestyle
through continuous sports development program towards excellence.
Vision, Goals and Objectives
1) Increase participation in sports of the Mindorenos

2) Enable and support an increased number of high performance athletes to
achieve higher results
3) Ensure collaboration and partnership among stakeholders
4) Advocate and promote the benefits of sports
Milestone 1: Participation of athletes from the province in the local and international sports and events
competitions.
The table below shows the list of athletes from different parts of the province who have become well known
in the national and international sporting events because of their exceptional talents and skills in sports.
*** insert table
Caption: Participation of Mindoreno Athletes in Local and International Sporting Events/Sport

Organizations.
This table shows the exceptional talents and skills of Mindorenos in the field of sports. This may also
indicate that with proper and adequate training, athletes can meet the standards set by the national and
international sports organization and can compete locally and internationally
Milestone 2: Regional, National and International Awards
The province of Oriental Mindoro has always rbeen very competitive in the different sporting events
particularly District Meet, Provincial Meet, MIMAROPA Regional Athletic Association Meet and Palarong
Pambansa.
Oriental Mindoro has always been in the Top 5 best performing province.
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Organizations, Sports Clinic Conducted, Sports Management Training
The table below shows the different trainings and sports clinics conducted by the different organizations in
some municipalities in Oriental Mindoro
Municipality Trainings / Seminars / Clinics Age

Puerto Galera Beat the Net Camp
Calapan MILO Sports Clinic 12 - 16 yo
Naujan Badminton Sports Clinic 18 - 25 yo
Gloria Chess Clinic 12 16 yo
Bongabong Refresher course for referees
Oriental Mindoro Grassroots Programs 6 12 yo
Coaching Course 21 yo and below / 22 yo and
Football
above
Association
Administration Course
Referees Course 21 yo and below / 22 yo and
above
The data in the table above shows the existing Sport Trainings, seminars, and sports clinics organized by
different municipalities and organizations.
Focus of these Sport Trainings, seminars and sport clincs are as follows:
Basketball Badminton
Chess Football
Organization Of Inter-Barangay And Inter-Municipality Sports Activities
The different municipalities and barangays organize different sports activities. Sport activities are as follows:
Basketball Volleyball
Softball Boxing
Cycling Badminton
Table Tennis Alay ng Matatanda
Balik Laro for Senior Citizens (Puerto Galera) Palaro ng Lahi (Bulalacao)
Sustainability of Skilled Athletes
The table below represents the sustainability of skilled athletes as indicated by the number of athletes joining
sporting events from 2011 to 2014.
2011 2012 2013 2014

Provincial Meet 1,137 1,495 1,770
MIMAROPA RAA 379 247 337
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Palarong Pambansa 49 37 40 13
Batang Pinoy Regional 95 12
Batang Pinoy National 7 5
Philippine National Games
No. of Athletes Joining Different Sporting Events from 2011-2014
The table above shows the number of athletes who have joined different sporting events conducted in and out
of the province. The data indicate that 2011, Oriental Mindoro did not have any entry for Batang Pinoy
Regional and National Levels. It could be also gleaned from the table that in 2014, only Palarong Pambansa
has data on the number of athletes who joined. It is also noticeable that Oriental Mindoro has yet to have an
entry in the Philippine National Games.
Furthermore, it could be inferred that the higher the level of the competition is, fewer athletes were given
opportunity to compete. A number of factors may contribute to this. One is the lack of training. Many
potential athletes do not qualify in the higher levels of competitions because the training that they receive
may not be enough. Another factor is the lack of financial support. Sport events such as Palarong Pambansa
and Batang Pinoy are usually held in different parts of the country. Bringing more athletes to the competition
means more expenses. This is why schools only send their athletes to competitions where they have more
chances of winning. This may be practical move but it limits the exposure and opportunities of other athletes.
Lack of Facilities and Equipment
1) Athletes are given limited access to sports and equipment facilities

2) Athletes have to provide their own sporting equipment
3) Equipment provided may be substandard, wherein it is a disadvantage for
athletes who cannot buy expensive gears
4) Lack of Sports Complex where they can train and practice.
Strength: Increase in number of Potential Athletes
The table below represents the Enrolment in Elementary and Secondsry Schools in Oriental Mindoro from
2011 to 2013
2011 2012 2013

Elementary 127,478 146,958 142,131
Secondary 52, 189 52, 672 54, 710
TOTAL 179,667 199,630 196,841
No. of Students Enrolled in Elementary and Secondary Schools in Oriental Mindoro (2011-2013)
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From the table above, it can be inferred that the province may be able to select potential athletes from the
wholes student popularion. If sports coordinators are able to identify these athletes and train them as early as
possible, they will be more competitive and will be assests to the provincial sports organization.
Goals and Objectives
The proposal of the researcher shall satisfy the goals, objectives and strategies set forth by the PSSDP. The
goals, objectives and strategies in this strategic development plan aim to bridge the gap between where is the
organization is now and the vision of where the organizing aims to be in the future.
General Goals
1) Creation of interest and preparations for high level athletic development in a

more scientific training and standard training facilities
2) Development of a stable, highly qualified and motivated workforce that
actively delivers the organizations missions.
3) Building stringer relationships with all the stakeholders
4) Making sports inclusive as possible
5) Providing Mindorenos access to sports programs and activities to promote
lifelong fitness in order to become productive citizens.
Goal 1: Creation of interests and preparations for high level athletic development through more scientific
trainings and standard training facilities
Objective 1: To provide opportunities and appropriate trainings essential to establishing long term growth of
sports performance.
Objective 2: Provide exposure for higher level competitions
1) Conducting different sporting events or competitions for all priority

sports
2) Participation in various sports competition (Regional, National,
International)
3) Hosting and institutionalizing regional, national, and international
sporting events in coordination of the National Sports Association
(NSAs)
Objective 3: Develop complete sports complex and provide standard sports facilities and equipment
1) Resolution for the establishment of the Sports Complex

2) Identification of Municipality willing to donate land for sports
complex
Focus Sports
The table below shows the following are the identified priority and popular sports
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Basketball Volleyball Badminton

Football Swimming Boxing
Taekwondo Karatedo Chess
Arnis Tennis Table Tennis
Athletics Gymnastics
These sports events are chosen based on the potential of the athletes to win in the national and international
level competitions. Through focus sports, the local government will be able to identify which sports event
will be prioritized for funding. Athletes will be better trained and coaches and trainers will be able to identify
which training they should attend.
Improvement of the Sports Facilities and Equipments
Improvement of the facilities is important in improving the training and the performace of athletes. This will
enable them to practice on a regular basis and each athlete will have an access to the sports equipment that
the athlete needs.
4.2.6 Sports Training Facilities
TOWN LOCATION FACILITIES

Calapan City Oriental Mindoro National High 1. Olympic Size Swimming
School San Vicente East, Pool
2. Multi- Purpose
Calapan City Gymnasium
3. Olympic Size Track &
Football field
4. Tennis Court
5. Volleyball Court
6. Badminton Court
7. Sepak Takraw
8. Table Tennis
1. Basketball Gym
2. Volleyball Court
3. Soccer Field/Softball Field
4. Badminton Court
Divine Word College Of Calapan-
Badminton Court
Sta. Maria Village
Tennis Court
Swimming Pool
58
Oriental Mindoro.
2013122425 4/10/2017
Anahaw Badminton Court- Balite Firing Range and Archery

Calapan City
Balite, Calapan City

Gutad, Calapan City
Eduardos Resort- Bayanan II

Baco Poblacion 1. Covered Gymnasium
2. Indoor Sports Facilities
Baco National High School
San Teodoro Poblacion Covered Gymnasium
Puerto Galera Poblacion Pto. Galera Municipal Gymnasium/Public/Private

Schools
Bulalacao Poblacion Municipal Gymnasium/ Public Public

Schools
Mansalay Poblacion Municipal Gymnasium / Private/Public
Schools
Roxas Poblacion Municipal Gymnasium/ Private/public
Schools
Bongabong Poblacion Municipal Gymnasium/ Private/ Public
Schools
Bansud Poblacion Municipal Gymnasium/ Private/ Public
Schools
Gloria Poblacion Municipal Gymnasium/ Private/ Public
Schools
Pinamalayan Juan Morente Sr. Memorial Pilot Softball Field
School Poblacion
Municipal Gymnasium
Socorro Poblacion Municipal Gymnasium/ Private/ Public
Schools
Pola Poblacion Municipal Gymnasium/ Private/ Public
Schools
Victoria Poblacion Municipal Gymnasium/ Private/ Public
Schools
59
Oriental Mindoro.
2013122425 4/10/2017
Naujan Poblacion Municipal Gymnasium/ Private/ Public

Schools
4.2.7 Frequency of Usage of the Structure
The list below shall represent the different Sporting and Non-sporting activities that could be held in the
structure.
4.2.7.1 Sports Related Activities
1) Atleast two (2) Sports Management Seminars, Workshops and

Conventions
2) Atleast six (6) Sports Clinic and Trainings
3) Coaches and Trainers Training
4) Provincial Meets
5) MIMAROPA Regional Athletic Association
6) Palarong Pambansa
7) Batang Pinoy
8) Sport Competition participated by the employees of the Provincial
Govenrment of Oriental Mindoro
9) Atleast two (2) Sectoral Sports Competitions
10) One (1) Governors Cup
4.2.7.2 Conventions and Exhibits
4.2.7.3 Prayer Rallies and Religious Activities
4.2.7.4 Provincial Fiestas
4.2.8 Annual Calendar of Events Relating to Sports Activities
5 MONT DATE ACTIVITIES/EVENT VENUE

H
January Jan. 24 to Feb. 9, Training of Oriental Mindoro Pinamalayan,
2017 Athletes for Mimaropa Raa Bansud Oriental
2017 Mindoro
February Feb. 17-21, 2017 MIMAROPA RAA Brookes Point,
Feb. 18,2017 Provincial Festival Palawan
Pandang Gitab of Oriental Within the Province
60
Oriental Mindoro.
2013122425 4/10/2017
Mindoro
March 2nd Week -2nd Week Training of qualify athletes for Calapan City,
of April Palarong Pambansa Oriental Mindoro
April April 23-29, 2017 PALARONG PAMBANSA San Jose de
Buenavista, Antique
May Sports Clinic/ Conduct Sports Within the Province
Competition
June Sports Clinic/ Conduct Sports Within the Province
Competition
July Conduct/participation Sports Within /outside the
Competition province
August Conduct/participation Sports Within /outside the
September Conduct/participation Sports Within /outside the
October Conduct/ participation Sports Within /outside the
Competion province
November November 15, 2017 Founding Anniversary PGOrM Compound
Sports Fest
December Conduct/ participation Sports Within /outside the
Competion province
61

Designing for Resilience

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Designing for Resilience

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MAPUA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

School of Architecture, Industrial Design, and Built Environment

Firstname M.I. Lastname

Firstname M.I. Lastname

Firstname M.I. Lastname

2.1.5 Typhoon Resilient Design Strategies.................................................................13

6.2 PRESENTATION OF COLLECTED DATA...................................................................61

1 the problem and its background

1.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW

1.1.2 Background of the Study

Figure 1.1 Current Status of Evacuation Centers - post - Yolanda by IOM

1.1.3 Statement of the Problem

1.1.3.1 Major Problem

1.1.3.2 Sub Problems

1.1.4 Assumption and Hypotheses

The following shall be the Hypotheses:

1.1.5 Importance or Significance of the Study

1. MIMAROPA MIMAROPA- Mindoro, Marinduque, Romblon and Palawan; is an administrative

1.1.7 Scope and Limitations of the Study

1.1.8 Project Goals, Objectives and Strategies

1.1.9 Conceptual Framework

Need + Potential of Oriental Mindoro

Ineffective Response to the Capital Region of MIMAROPA IV-B

Lack of Indoor Public Assembly

Hosted in schools, barangay halls,

Fit-for-purpose evacuation facility Indoor public assembly facilities

2.1.1 Oriental Mindoro: A Frequent DisasterSpacious

Rahman and Shaw (2015) said that:

2.1.3 Taking a Resilience Perspective: Resilience as a Concept and Physical Form

According to Sanderson, Kayden & Leis (2016):

Ferenbacher (2013) finds that:

Therefore, Resilience is understanding, action, and response.

2.1.4 Evacuation Facilities: Process and Design

According to Burford & Gengnagel (2004):

While Bappenas (2005) says that:

2.1.5 Typhoon Resilient Design Strategies

2.1.6 AFTERMATH: From Temporary to Transitional

According to Bappenas (2006):

An entry in China Today (May 2010) features that:

2.1.7 Evacuation + Assembly Facilities: Harmony between Two Spacious Facilities

Jewell (1921) emphasizes that:

2.1.8 Development in Sports Facility Design

Bruckman, Crawshaw, Cudoc and Ellis (2007), also argued that:

Figure 2.1 Number of Sports Stadiums (Source: Worlds Stadiums)

2.2 RELATED STUDIES

According to Ms. Escoto (2009)in her introduction on her study:

2.2.1.1 Conclusion Based from Survey

1. The city of Novaliches needs to increase access to sports and recreational

2.2.1 Disaster and Emergency Preparedness: Stadium Renovation, Sylvester B. Padaca

3.1. RESEARCH METHOD

3.2 RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS

3.3 POPULATION UNIVERSE AND SUBJECT OF THE STUDY

4 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS

4.1 CASE STUDIES

4.1.1 LOCAL CASE STUDIES

4.1.1.1 Baseco Evacuation Center

Baseco Evacuation Center is an evacuation center situated at Baseco

The facility itself provides natural lighting and ventilation. It is well

distribution of the relief packages hard, including the accounting of

With the deterioration of the facility, future evacuations may not be

4.1.1.2 Del Pan Evacuation Center

Ground Floor Office of Restrooms