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nay. Khi tnh ton bn ca i cc b tng ct thp trong Fper l lc chc thng tnh ton, bng tng
cn phi thc hin 05 bi ton: (1) tnh ton chc phn lc cc cc nm ngoi phm vi y di thp
thng i cc do ct gy ra; (2) tnh ton chc thng chc thng, Fper N n1 / n . Khi phn lc cc
i cc do cc bin gy ra; (3) tnh ton bn tit cc ch c tnh do lc dc trc N tc dng ti tit
din nghing chu lc ct; (4) tnh ton un theo tit din ct cnh nm ngang bn trn ca i cc;
din thng gc v tit din nghing; (5) tnh ton nn y n l s cc trong i, n1 l s cc nm ngoi
cc b i cc. Trong , cc bi ton (4) v (5) phm vi y di thp chc thng; Rbt l cng
c trnh by chi tit trong [1] v [3]. Ti liu Hng chu ko tnh ton ca b tng c k n cc h s
dn tnh ton bn i cc theo tiu chun SNIP iu kin lm vic ca b tng bi ; h0 l chiu cao lm
2.03.01-84 [5] l ti liu pht trin thm nhm chi tit vic ca tit din i cc trn on ang xt, tnh
ha tnh ton cho SNIP 2.03.01-84 [3] (l ti liu gc bng khong cch t ct thp chu lc ca i cc ti
lm c s bin son ra TCXDVN 356:2005 [2] trc mt trn ca i cc; ui l gi tr trung bnh ca cnh
y v TCVN 5574:2012 [1] hin hnh). Trong [5] y trn v y di ca mt bn th i ca thp chc
c th ha cc trng hp tnh ton. Rt tic l ti thng (tc l thp chc thng c th c nhiu mt,
liu ny cha c bin son cho Vit Nam thun khng phi lc no cng l 4); i l khong cch t
mp ct ti mt bn ca cc nm ngoi phm vi thp
Khi tnh ton chc thng cho i cc chu lc Fsw Rsw Asw (5)
ng tm do ct tit din ch nht gy ra, biu thc trong : Rsw l cng chu ko tnh ton ca ct
(1) c vit li di dng: thp ai khi tnh ton tit din nghing chu tc dng
ca lc ct; Asw l tng din tch tit din ngang ca
2h0 Rbt h0 h0
Fper bcol c2 hcol c1 (2) ct thp ai, ct qua cc mt bn ca thp chc
c1 c2 thng.
trong Fr; Rbt; h0 nh trong biu thc (1); bcol; hcol
- Vi i cc gm 2 cc (hnh 2) th vic tnh ton
ln lt l chiu rng v chiu cao ca tit din ct; c1
chc thng i cc do ct gy ra c tin hnh theo
l khong cch t mp ct c kch thc bcol ti mt
iu kin:
phng song song vi n, i qua mp trong ca hng
h
2 Rbt 0 bcol c2 h0 hcol c1 b bcol
Fper c1 (6)
trong Fper l lc chc thng tnh ton, bng tng phn lc ca hai cc do lc dc N tc dng ln ct Rbt, h0;
c1; bcol, hcol, : nh trong biu thc (1); c2 l khong cch t mt phng mp ct kch thc hcol n mp ngoi
ca i cc.
trng hp ny, cc phn lc ca cc cc c tnh trong : Fai l ti trng tnh ton ln mt cc bin c
ton do lc dc v m men tc dng ti tit din ct k n momen theo 2 phng, bao gm c nh
mt i (tc l phn lc cc sinh ra do lc dc v m hng ca ti trng cc b (v d: do tng chn); h01
men tc dng ti mt i). l chiu cao tnh ton ca tit din trn on ang
kim tra, bng khong cch t nh cc n mt trn
Khi cc m men tc dng theo phng ngang v i cc; i l gi tr trung bnh ca y trn v y
phng dc th Fi c xc nh theo tng phng di ca mt bn th i ca thp chc thng c chiu
ring bit; trong tnh ton ly gi tr ln hn (tc l ly cao h01, hnh thnh khi mt cc bin chc thng i; i
gi tr ln hn trong hai phng ang xt, phng l h s, c xc nh theo biu thc: i =k(h0i/c0i)
no c lc ln hn th ly gi tr ). vi k l h s, k n s gim kh nng chu lc i
- Vi i 2 cc chu lc lch tm th vic tnh ton cc vng gc.
chc thng do ct gy ra c tin hnh theo biu Biu thc (7) c th c vit li di dng:
thc (6), nhng khi lc chc thng tnh ton ly
bng Fper=2Fi, trong Fi phn lc ca cc chu lc c c
Fai Rbt h01 1 b02 02 2 b01 01 (8)
ln nht do lc dc N v m men M tc dng vo ct; 2 2
- Trng hp i c nhiu hng cc (hnh 3) th trong : 1=k1(h01/c01) v 2=k2(h01/c02); b01 v b02 l
ngoi vic tnh ton chc thng i do ct gy ra theo khong cch t cc cnh trong ca cc cc bin n
thp chc thng, cc mt bn ca thp i t mp cc cnh ngoi ca i cc (hnh 4); c01 v c02 l
ngoi ca ct n cc mp gn nht ca cc cc, cn khong cch t mp trong ca cc bin n mp ct
phi kim tra chc thng ca i cc do ct gy ra vi gn nht theo 2 phng; 1 v 2 l gi tr cc h s
gi thit l s chc thng xy ra theo mt thp, hai c ly theo bng 1.
hoc tt c 4 mt ca thp nghing gc 45; khi ,
2.3 Tnh ton bn trn tit din nghing ca i lm vic trong tit din ang xt ca i cc; l
cc chu tc dng ca lc ct chiu di hnh chiu ca tit din nghing ly bng
khong cch t mt phng ca cc cnh trong ca
Vic tnh ton ny thng b b qua trong thc t
cc cc n mp trong gn nht ca ct, xem hnh
thit k. Vic tnh ton bn trn tit din nghing
5a; Gi tr h0/c ly khng nh hn 0,4 tng ng vi
ca i cc chu tc dng ca lc ct c tin hnh
Qmin = 0,6bh0Rbt v khng ln hn 1,67 tng ng vi
theo biu thc:
Qmax = 2,5bh0Rbt.
h0
Q 1,5bh0 Rbt (9) Khi b tr cc nhiu hng trong i, vic tnh ton
c
bn tit din nghing chu tc dng ca lc ct
trong : Q=Fi l tng phn lc ca cc cc nm
c tin hnh theo cc tit din i qua cc mp
ngoi phm vi ca phn i cc chu lc ln hn c
trong ca cc tng ng vi mi hng cc (hnh 5b).
k n gi tr momen un ln hn; b l chiu rng y
i cc; Rbt nh trong biu thc (1); h0 l chiu cao
Hnh 6. S phn lc u cc
S tnh nh trn hnh 8. Cc thng s tnh ton: c01 = 1,93 m; c02 = 0,16 m; h01 = h0 = 1,85 m; 1 = 0,6
(do h01/c01 = 0,958 < 1); 2 = 1 (do h02/c02 = 11,56 > 2,5); b01 = 0,87 m; b02 = 0,87 m.
h01 1,85
1,5bh0 Rbt 1,5 3 1,85 1, 2 103 9576 kN
C1 1,93
h
V Q1 = F1 = 5550 (kN) < 1,5bh0 Rbt 01 = 9576 cn bn lun nhng trn thc t vn c nhng im
C
(kN) nn i cc m bo bn trn 1tit din cn lu trnh cc tranh lun khng cn thit: cn
nghing th nht; thc hin cc bi ton, trong c bit lu bi
ton tnh chc thng do ct v do cc bin.
- Xt tit din nghing th hai:
Bi vit gii thiu phng php tnh ton i
Tng cc phn lc cc cc nm ngoi phm vi
cc mt cch chun xc ph hp vi quan im ca
ca phn i cc chu lc ln hn c k n gi tr
[1] trn c s ti liu [5].
m men un ln hn: Q2 = F1 + F2 = 2940 + 2610 +
2920 + 2590 = 11060 (kN); Bi vit c th lm ti liu tham kho cho cc k
s thit k v nhng ngi quan tm.
Cc thng s: C2 = 0,16 m; h02 = h0 = 1,85 m; t s
h02/C2 = 11,5 > 1,67. TI LIU THAM KHO
Kh nng chu ct tnh ton ti tit din nghing 1. TCVN 5574:2012, Kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp.
th hai bng: Tiu chun thit k.
3
2,5 bh0Rbt = 2,531,851,210 =16650 (kN) 2. TCXDVN 356:2005, Kt cu b tng v b tng ct
V Q2= 11060 (kN) < 2,5bh0Rbt = 16650 (kN) nn thp. Tiu chun thit k.
i cc m bo bn trn tit din nghing th hai. 3. Hng dn tnh ton kt cu b tng v b tng ct
Qua v d c th nhn thy, vic tnh ton theo thp theo TCXDVN 356:2005.
cc cng thc chun ca [5] cho kt qu t yu cu 4. SNIP2.03.01-84, Kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp -
v chc thng do ct, do cc bin gy ra v bn Tiu chun thit k.
trn tit din nghing ca i cc chu tc dng ca
5.
lc ct vn m bo, trong khi kt qu ca quan im
tnh ton khng theo [5], tc l khng tun th [1],
( 2.03.01-84) (Hng
khng t yu cu.
dn thit k i cc b tng ct thp ca mng cc
3. Kt lun di ct nh v cng trnh), 1985.
Vic tnh ton bn ca i cc b tng ct thp Ngy nhn bi: 04/6/2015.
ton khi tng nh n gin v khng c vn g Ngy nhn bi sa ln cui: 25/8/2015.
.
Tnh ton xc nh tui th cn li ca cng trnh Trn c s phn tch kt qu kho st hay nh
xy dng c th thc hin cc mc chnh xc gi chuyn gia, cng nh kinh nghim thc t trong
khc nhau: qu trnh s dng i n quyt nh ko di vic
s dng cng trnh hoc thc hin vic gia cng,
- Mc I (mc thp) l tnh theo cc phng php
sa cha cn phi tin hnh xc nh tui th cn li
tin nh;
ca cng trnh.
nh gi tng i v h hng ca cng trnh t - thi gian s dng cng trnh t u n thi
theo cng thc: im kho st, n v: nm
trong : t - thi gian khai thc s dng (nm) Ns s chu k ti trong thi gian s dng.
thi im kho st.
- Chp nhn quy lut thay i h s d tr theo 3. Mt s lu khi tin hnh xc nh tui th cn
ng parabol bc hai, an ton hay d tr ca li ca cng trnh xy dng
kt cu, nh, cng trnh c tnh theo cng thc:
- Xem xt cng trnh theo nguyn tc an ton s
( K 0 1) dng theo trng thi k thut, c ngha l vic nh
Tu T (11) gi trng thi k thut ca cng trnh c thc hin
( K0 K )
theo cc thng s k thut, bo m tin cy v an
trong :
ton s dng ca cc tiu chun v h s thit k.
Tu d tr ca kt cu, nh hay cng trnh
- Ph thuc vo tiu ch ca trng thi gii hn v
thi im a vo s dng;
iu kin s dng cng trnh, cc thng s k thut
T thi gian s dng kt cu thi im kho st; cn thit l:
K h s tin cy ca kt cu khi s dng; + Cc c trng ca vt liu nh gii hn chy,
K0 h s tin cy tiu chun. gii hn bn, cng, bn chng nt, gii hn
bn mi, bn lu, t bin, thnh phn ha hc, vi
- Tui th cn li ca kt cu, nh v cng trnh cu trc,
(Trs) n khi xy ra trng thi gii hn m trng thi
+ Cc h s an ton v bn (theo gii hn
cng trnh khng th tip tc s dng nu khng
c gia cng hay tin hnh sa cha ln, c chy, gii hn bn, bn lu, t bin, bn chng
nt, n nh;
tnh theo cng thc:
Trs= Tu T (11) + Cc thng s cng ngh (nhit , p lc, cc
thng s rung ng, ch lm vic, v.v...).
Hnh 1. Knh v l hin tng thng thy cc cng trnh c vch knh
Trn th gii c cng trnh cha xy dng xong vch knh mt ng b gi git tung. Trung tm D
phi iu chnh li vch knh do nhim nh sng, bo kh tng thy vn Trung ng cho bit s liu
l nguyn nhn gy ra vic nung chy cc vt th i quan trc ti 2 trm Lng v H ng cho thy cn
din vi vch knh [10]. Mi y nht, cn ging chiu ging chiu 13/6 ti H Ni c sc gi git ln ti cp
ngy 13/6/2015 ti H Ni lm v nhiu ca knh nh 8, cp 9, tng ng bo [5,6].
nhiu tng, c cng trnh (125D Minh Khai) ton b
2. H thng quy chun, tiu chun v knh xy Cc tiu chun v knh xy dng hin hnh Vit
dng Nam phn ln c xy dng trn c s chuyn
dch, tham kho t cc tiu chun nc ngoi, trong
Trong h thng tiu chun ca Vit Nam hin nay
c ISO (Quc t), ASTM (Hoa K), EN (Chu u),
c gn 30 tiu chun v quy phm v knh xy dng
AS (c), BS (Anh), JIS (Nht Bn) (xem bng 1).
hin hnh, ni dung ch yu quy nh v vt liu knh,
gia cng, lp t, mt s th nghim l tnh. Ni dung
Bng 1. Danh mc tiu chun Vit Nam hin hnh v knh xy dng
S hiu tiu chun Tn tiu chun Tiu chun vin dn/tham chiu
S hiu tiu chun Tn tiu chun Tiu chun vin dn/tham chiu
S hiu tiu chun Tn tiu chun Tiu chun vin dn/tham chiu
Anh The load resistance of glass panes by calculation and testing BS EN 16612
Trong iu kin thi tit ngy cng khc nghit, 4. Cng tc kim tra, th nghim vch knh
c din bin bt ng th vic nng cao cht lng Ti Vit Nam cc th nghim h vch knh c
cng trnh thng qua giai on thit k l mt trong da trn cc tiu chun nc ngoi, song cn khc
nhng yu cu ca qu trnh pht trin bn vng v bit gia cc h (tiu chun) khc nhau, vic s dng
p ng s pht trin chung ca x hi. Vic xem xt, tiu chun nh gi no ty thuc vo khch hng v
tnh ton cc ti trng tc ng n vch knh cn ngi th nghim. Cc th nghim h vch knh thng
c nghin cu, chun ha cho ph hp vi thc thng gm cc th nghim kim tra tnh nng kt cu
t. Bn cnh cc ti trng tc ng ln h vch knh, (khung, knh), kim tra lt kh, lt nc trong
vic tnh ton cu to cc b phn lin kt nh h cc iu kin p lc tnh/ng trong mt s trng
khung (frame/profile), giong, vt liu chn, lin hp c thc hin cc th nghim v chu la, cch
kt, m bo tnh nng ca c h vch knh nh m. Bng 5 di y trnh by vic so snh ch tiu
kn kh, kn nc, cch nhit, cch m, m bo tui chuyn v ti a cho php ca h vch knh khi th
th cng cn c nghin cu, chun ha. nghim kim tra theo cc tiu chun khc nhau.
Bng 5. So snh ch tiu nh gi kt cu h vch knh theo mt s tiu chun
Chuyn v ti a cho php
iu kin lm vic (Maximum Allowable Quy nh cho
Deflection)
ASTM E 1300-12ae1 a / 175 Khung knh
AS 1288-2006 a / 60
Bn k 2, 3, 4 cnh
Congson h / 30 Knh
BS 6262:1982 a / 125
Knh n, k 4 cnh
Knh hp, k 4 cnh a / 175 Knh
prEN 13474-3:2009 a / 65 hoc 50 mm
Tr khi c ch nh khc Knh
UBC 1994 (section 2404.2) a / 175 hoc 19 mm Khung knh
SBC 2012 (section 2403.3) a / 175 hoc 19,1 mm Khung knh
SS 212:2007 L / 125
Knh n
Knh hp L / 175 Khung knh
Ca cho nh thp hn 10 m L / 150
TCVN 7505:2005 L / 240
Ca cho nh cao hn 10 m Khung knh
trong : b ca h thng tiu chun cho qu trnh trin khai d
a - chiu di nhp k hoc kch thc cnh knh; n (thit k, thi cng, th nghim, nghim thu).
L - khong cch thng thy gia 2 gi ; 5. Cng tc thi cng, lp t vch knh
h - chiu cao lan can knh (hoc chiu di congson); Phn ln cc nh thu Vit Nam thi cng, lp t
theo kinh nghim (thng khng theo kp s pht trin
prEN - bn d tho ca European Standard (Chu u);
ca cng ngh, vt liu) m khng c s nghin cu,
UBC - Uniform Building Code (Hoa K);
xut cho ph hp iu kin thc t; hoc gia cng,
SBC - Seattle Building Code (Hoa K); lp t khng ng tng thit k (c bit cc chi
SS - Singapore Standard (Singapore). tit lin kt), gim hiu qu ca sn phm, h vch
Bn cnh cc ch tiu k trn, thng thng h knh, hao ph vt liu cao.
vch knh v vt liu knh xy dng ti Vit Nam cn chnh xc, cht lng h vch knh khng ch
c yu cu th nghim cc ch tiu: quang hc (o ph thuc vo bn thn n m cn b nh hng bi
ti nc ngoi), kh nng chu la, o ng sut b sai s phn th/kt cu chnh, trong khi h vch
mt/cnh, o cch m, bn va p (ti Vit Nam). knh (c bit l vt liu knh) c yu cu kht khe v
Bng 5 cho thy s khc bit gia cc h tiu kch thc khi gia cng, lp t, cc sai s thng
chun khi p dng, trng hp vn dng vo cng phi nh v khng th iu chnh/gia cng li. Do
trnh ti Vit Nam s c mu thun trong vic nh vic kho st, xut gii php trin khai chi tit l ht
gi; ng thi s khng m bo s vn dng ng sc quan trng; bn cnh vt liu knh rt nhy cm
TS. NGUYN C TH THU NH, TS. NGUYN HU HNG, GS.TS. NGUYN VIT TRUNG
Trng i hc Giao thng Vn ti
Tm tt: Hiu qu gim dao ng ca h gim cho kt cu. Nhng nghin cu ny t nn tng
chn dng cht lng (TLD) c cp trong mt cho tng nghin cu tin phong cho h gim chn
s nghin cu ti Vit Nam. Nghin cu v s tng cht lng a tn s (MTLD) t song song vo kt cu
tc gia kt cu vi h c nhiu gim chn ln u m khi u l Fujino v Sun (1993).
tin c cp ti Vit Nam trong bi bo ny. Hiu
Hiu qu ca vic gim dao ng cho kt cu khi
qu gim dao ng ca h gim chn cht lng a
s dng h MTLD c khng nh thng qua vic
tn s (MTLD) h c nhiu thng cha cht lng vi
phn tch s khi s dng hm ng x tn s cho h
cc thng c chiu su cht lng khc nhau v
tng tc kt cu MTLD. Cc kt qu phn tch s
do vy c tn s dao ng khc nhau c kho st
ny c so snh i chiu vi kt qu phn tch s
trong nghin cu thng qua th nghim m hnh trn
d liu o c trn m hnh th nghim trn bn rung.
thit b bn rung. Cc kt qu o c trn m hnh th
Kt qu so snh, phn tch ch ra c hiu qu ca
nghim trn bn rung c so snh i chiu vi kt
MTLD so vi h TLD v gi tr hp l ca mt s tham
qu phn tch s khi thit lp hm ng x tn s ca
s ca h MTLD trong iu khin dao ng.
h tng tc kt cu v h MTLD.
2. Gim chn cht lng a tn s (MTLD) v h
T kha: ng lc hc kt cu, ng x ng,
tng tc gia kt cu - MTLD
gim chn cht lng, h gim chn cht lng a tn
s, bn rung 2.1 B gim chn cht lng a tn s MTLD
Kt cu
Hnh 1. M hnh kt cu v gim chn cht lng Hnh 2. Di tn s ca mi thng cha cht lng
a tn s (MTLD) trong b gim chn cht lng a tn s MTLD
1 g h 1 1 h0
fD tanh 0 (1) D 1 (6)
2 2 a 2a h 0 2 f D b
Nh vy tn s ca cc TLD n trong b gim Trong : f D l tn s t nhin ca TLD; h v l
chn to thnh mt di tn s m khi thit k mt tn chiu su cht lng v nht ng ca cht lng.
s trung tm ca h f 0, - tn s trung bnh ca cc tn Chiu di thng cha cht lng L = 2a, chiu rng
s to ra t cc TLD n trong b ly l tn s c thng cha l b, g l gia tc trng trng, v cc k
trng cho thit k. Tn s trung tm ca b gim chn hiu khc mD, D , kD, fD ln lt l khi lng,
cht lng a tn s MTLD c xc nh theo cng tham s cn, cng v tn s dao ng ring ca
thc 2 (theo Fujino 1993 [5]): TLD.
f N f1 2.2 Hm ng x tn s cho m hnh tng tc
fo (2)
2 gia kt cu v MTLD
chnh tn s dao ng gia cc TLD n Phng trnh hm ng x tn s ca h tng
trong MTLD c thit k to h c khong tn s tc gia kt cu v gim chn cht lng a tn s
cn bng vi: (MTLD) c thit lp khi s dng phng trnh Euler
i fi 1 fi f N f1 / N 1 (3) Lagrange trn c s cc gi thit c bn:
- Kt cu l mt bc t do v mi TLD n l mt
B rng di tn s l khong tn s hay hiu ca
bc t do, do vy h lm vic chung gia kt cu v
t s tn s gia t s ca TLD n c tn s dao
TLD l h tuyn tnh vi cc bc t do gim chn t
ng ln nht trn tn s trung tm v t s ca TLD
song song trn bc t do kt cu. Tnh cht phi tuyn
n c tn s nh nht trn tn s trung tm ca h
ca hot ng cht lng trong cc thng TLD c
trong b gim chn MTLD.
chng minh trong nhiu nghin cu l c thay th
f N f1 bng cng v tnh cn mang tnh cht phi tuyn
R (4)
f0 ca h TMD tng ng ca mi TLD n [3].
Trong mt s trng hp tn s dao ng ca b - T s khi lng gia tng khi lng cht lng
gim chn a tn s (MTLD) - tn s trung tm ca h trong cc TLD so vi khi lng hnh thi ca kt cu
c to ra khng nh thit k ban u v cn thit l i 1% (Wakahara, 1993) [4].
c mt tham s iu chnh xt n hiu qu ca h
Ty thuc vo s lng ca cc thng TLD n l
trong cc trng hp ny. H s iu chnh ny l:
khc nhau trong h MTLD c:
f s fo
(5) w1. wi ..wn, hoc
fo
wmin...wi..wmax
m1 m2 mi mn-1 mn m1 m2 mi mn
k1 c1 c2 ki kn cn
k2
ci
Ms Ms
Ks Cs Ks Cs
ms
xs cs ci c1 c2 cn xs
m1 x1 c1 c1 0 x1
m2 c2 0 c2
xi xi
m n 1 cn 1
mn
xn cn cn xn
(7)
ks ki k1 k 2 k n xs Fs
k1 k1 x1 0
k 2 k2
xi 0
k n 1
k n k n xn 0
H(w) c gi l hm ng x tn s phc khng th nguyn ca h MTLD:
F0 1
H 2 f
ks f2
2 2 2 i i 2 1
1 f 2 i f f N fi
fs2 S i
f s f s2 i 1 f 2
f2
(8)
1 2 2 i i 2
fi wi
Hm ng x tn s ny ch ra c ng x ca 3.1 M hnh th nghim v cc d liu u vo c
kt cu khi c gn b gim chn cht lng a tn s bn cho thit lp chng trnh th nghim
m c th l th hin mi quan h gia bin dao M hnh th nghim c la chn l mt ct thp
ng vi t s tn s (t s gia tn s kch ng v t hp hnh ch H. Ct thp c phn tch trong
tn s dao ng ring ca kt cu). S bin i ca chng trnh phn tch kt cu thng mi Midas Civil.
cc tham s trong hm ny s cho ba ng biu Cc mode dao ng, tn s dao ng v bin
din gm ng th ng x ca kt cu khi khng dao ng c ch ra t phn tch trn phn mm
gn TLD, khi gn b gim chn cht lng n tn s c s dng cho vic thit k MTLD. Cc d liu c
(STLD) v khi gn MTLD. s ny l d liu ban u cho vic dng hm ng x
tn s phc thit lp phn tch v nh gi hiu
3. M hnh th nghim v c s thit lp d liu qu gim dao ng ca ct khi c lp t TLD. Sau
so snh, nh gi hiu qu ca b gim chn cht d liu phn tch l thuyt ny c so snh vi
lng a tn s d liu th nghim ct trn bn rung.
M hnh kt cu cho th nghim l kt cu c Kt qu phn tch m hnh ct th nghim trn
lp dng theo t l 1:1 (m hnh tnh ton phn tch v phn mm Midas Civil cho thy:
m hnh th nghim trn cng mt i tng) lm c Bng 1. Kt qu phn tch cc mode dao ng
ca m hnh ct th nghim
s cho vic xy dng d liu th nghim cho nh gi
Tn s dao
[2]. Cc kt qu th nghim c i chiu vi cc d STT ng t nhin T s cn
Mode
liu phn tch l thuyt trn cng m hnh kt cu (Hz)
nhm khng nh hiu qu gim chn ca b thit b 1 Mode 1 3.47 0.005
2 Mode 2 3.94 0.005
gim chn cht lng a tn s MTLD. M hnh kt cu
3 Mode 3 13.27 0.005
ny c tnh ton ph hp vi vic thc hin th 4 Mode 4 28.46 0.005
nghim trn bn rung. Cc kt qu thu c t th 5 Mode 5 83.26 0.005
nghim cho m hnh c so snh nh gi khi phn 6 Mode 6 103.03 0.005
tch l thuyt cho m hnh s dng hm ng x tn s Trong thit k gim chn cht lng nhm kim
thit lp cho h tng tc gia kt cu v MTLD. sot dao ng cho m hnh la chn mode dao ng
in hnh l mode 1 vi tn s dao ng t nhin ca
m hnh kt cu l 3.47Hz.
Mode 1-Tn s dao ng l 3.47 Hz Mode 2-Tn s dao ng l 3.94 Hz Mode 3-Tn s dao ng l 13.27 Hz
Mode 4-Tn s dao ng l 28.46 Hz Mode 5-Tn s dao ng l 83.26 Hz Mode 6-Tn s dao ng l 103.03Hz
Hnh 6. S h thng iu khin bn rung v m hnh th nghim trn bn rung v cc gim chn
Cc trng hp th nghim c thit lp xy vo m hnh kt cu cho th nghim nm trong di:
dng ng thc nghim lm c s so snh vi 0.8f/fs1.2 vi 9 gi tr tng ng l: f/fs= 0.8; f/fs=
ng phn tch l thuyt kho st ng x ca kt 0.85; f/fs= 0.9; f/fs= 0.95; f/fs= 1; f/fs= 1.05; f/fs= 1.1;
cu chu tc ng kch ng dng iu ha. f/fs= 1.15;f/fs= 1.2 (f s l tn s dao ng ring thc
ca kt cu ly l 2.85Hz). Bin dao ng kch
Tn s cng hng ca m hnh kt cu cho th
ng c to ra sao cho chuyn ng vng t ca
nghim c xc nh nh s dng chc nng c
cht lng khng trong vng xy ra phi tuyn mnh v
sn trong phn mm iu khin bn rung trong phng
ph hp vi gii hn o ca thit b o, do vy chn:
th nghim. Chng trnh ny cho php tm kim tn
A = 0.1cm. Cc trng hp kho st ny u ly b
s cng hng v bin cng hng thng qua mt
rng di tn s R = 0.3.
di cc gi tr tn s kch ng cho bn lc khi c m
hnh kt cu t trn. 3.2 Phn tch kt qu th nghim v so snh vi
d liu phn tch l thuyt khi s dng hm ng
Hm kch ng dng c thit lp l hm dao ng
x tn s cho h tng tc kt cu MTLD
dng iu ha (dng hm sin) v c nh ngha to
kch ng truyn n bn rung dng: y = A sin (w t). Trng hp 0: o dao ng, chuyn v ct m
hnh kt cu cho th nghim khi khng gn thit b TLD.
Cc gi tr tn s kch ng thit lp cho bn rung
c la chn sao cho c gi tr l bng gi tr tn s th vi 2 ng l thuyt (nt lin) v th
dao ng ring ca kt cu (tn s ny xc nh trn nghim (nt t) th hin cho trng hp kt cu
kt cu thc v l gi tr tn s to ra chuyn v cng khng gn gim chn cht lng c dng tng ng
hng vi kt cu) v cc gi tr xung quanh gi tr v gi tr tng i st nhau cho thy vic s dng d
cng hng tin cho vic xy dng ng thc liu tn s dao ng ring ca kt cu thc o c
nghim. Da vo phn tch l thuyt, tn s kch ng l kh ph hp.
Trng hp 1a: o dao ng, chuyn v ct m hnh kt cu cho th nghim khi c lp t 1 thng TLD.
Kt qu phn tch l thuyt v thit k b gim chn lp t cho m hnh th hin trong bng 2:
Trng hp 1b: o dao ng, chuyn v ct m hnh kt cu cho th nghim khi c lp t 3 thng TLD c
tn s dao ng nh nhau (chiu su cht lng ging nhau - SLTD).
Kt qu phn tch l thuyt v thit k b gim chn lp t cho m hnh th hin trong bng 3:
Bng 3. S liu thit k TLD cho trng hp m hnh kt cu ch c gn 3 thng ging nhau
Kt qu so snh d liu o thu c trong trng hp 1a, 1b trn biu vi ng l thuyt thit lp khi
s dng hm ng x tn s cho thy:
Hnh 8. Hiu qu gim dao ng cho m hnh kt cu th nghim vi 1 thng TLD so snh
vi trng hp 3 thng TLD ging nhau
Dng ng th ca 2 trng hp kt cu khi MTLD. B rng di tn s ly l R=0.3. Chi tit s
lp t 1 thng TLD (1a) v 3 thng TLD c chiu su liu thit k TLD cho trng hp ch c N thng c
cht lng ging nhau (1b) c dng tng ng vi tn s dao ng khc nhau cho m hnh ct th
ng th phn tch l thuyt, tuy nhin khng hon nghim khi s dng hm ng x tn s thit lp
ton trng kht nh theo phn tch l thuyt. L do c th hin t trng hp 2a n 2f:
c d on do sai s ch to thng cha cht lng
Trng hp 2a: o dao ng, chuyn v ct kt
v sai s chiu su cht lng khi vo thng.
cu th nghim khi c lp t 3 thng TLD c tn s
Trng hp 2: Kho st ng x ca m hnh kt dao ng khc nhau (3 thng c chiu su cht lng
cu khi lp t b gim chn cht lng a tn s - khc nhau b MTLD).
Trng hp 2b: o dao ng, chuyn v ct kt cu th nghim khi c lp t 5 thng TLD c tn s dao
ng khc nhau (5 thng c chiu su cht lng khc nhau).
Bng 5. S liu thit k TLD cho trng hp m hnh kt cu ch c gn 5 thng - MTLD
Trng lng Tn s dao ng
Kch thc thng Chiu cao T s cn
STT Thng TLD nc trong t nhin ca
LxB (mm) cht lng (cm)
thng (kG) thng (Hz)
1 Thng 1 80x60x60 1.4 0.07 2.423 0.016
2 Thng 2 80x60x60 1.6 0.08 2.636 0.014
3 Thng 3 80x60x60 1.8 0.08 2.850 0.012
4 Thng 4 80x60x60 2.0 0.09 3.064 0.011
5 Thng 5 80x60x60 2.1 0.10 3.278 0.010
Trng hp 2c: o dao ng, chuyn v ct kt cu th nghim khi c lp t 7 thng TLD c tn s dao ng
khc nhau (chiu su cht lng ca mi thng trong gim chn cht lng a tn s MTLD l khc).
Chi tit s liu thit k TLD cho trng hp ch c 7 thng c tn s dao ng khc nhau cho m hnh ct
th nghim khi s dng hm ng x tn s thit lp:
Bng 6. S liu thit k TLD cho trng hp m hnh kt cu ch c gn 7 thng - MTLD
Trng lng Tn s dao ng T s cn
Kch thc thng Chiu cao
STT Thng TLD nc trong t nhin ca
LxB (mm) cht lng (cm)
thng (kG) thng (Hz)
1 Thng 1 80x60x60 1.4 0.07 2.423 0.016
2 Thng 2 80x60x60 1.5 0.07 2.565 0.015
3 Thng 3 80x60x60 1.6 0.08 2.708 0.013
4 Thng 4 80x60x60 1.8 0.08 2.850 0.012
5 Thng 5 80x60x60 1.9 0.09 2.993 0.011
6 Thng 6 80x60x60 2.0 0.10 3.135 0.011
7 Thng 7 80x60x60 2.1 0.10 3.278 0.010
Trng hp 2d: o dao ng, chuyn v ct kt cu th nghim khi c lp t 9 thng TLD c tn s dao ng
khc nhau (chiu su cht lng ca mi thng trong gim chn cht lng a tn s MTLD l khc).
Chi tit s liu thit k TLD cho trng hp ch c 9 thng c tn s dao ng khc nhau cho m hnh ct
th nghim khi s dng hm ng x tn s thit lp:
Bng 7. S liu thit k TLD cho trng hp m hnh kt cu ch c gn 9 thng - MTLD
Trng lng Tn s dao ng
Kch thc thng Chiu cao T s cn
STT Thng TLD nc trong t nhin ca
LxB (mm) cht lng (cm)
thng (kG) thng (Hz)
1 Thng 1 80x60x60 1.40 0.07 2.423 0.016
2 Thng 2 80x60x60 1.50 0.07 2.529 0.015
3 Thng 3 80x60x60 1.60 0.08 2.636 0.014
4 Thng 4 80x60x60 1.70 0.08 2.743 0.013
5 Thng 5 80x60x60 1.80 0.08 2.850 0.012
6 Thng 6 80x60x60 1.90 0.09 2.957 0.012
7 Thng 7 80x60x60 1.95 0.09 3.064 0.011
8 Thng 8 80x60x60 2.05 0.10 3.171 0.010
9 Thng 9 80x60x60 2.10 0.10 3.278 0.010
Trng hp 2e: o dao ng, chuyn v ct kt cu th nghim khi c lp t 11 thng TLD c tn s dao
ng khc nhau (chiu su cht lng ca mi thng trong gim chn cht lng a tn s MTLD l khc), b
rng di tn s R=0.3.
Bng 8. S liu thit k TLD cho trng hp m hnh kt cu ch c gn 11 thng - MTLD
Trng lng Tn s dao ng
Kch thc thng Chiu cao T s cn
STT Thng TLD nc trong t nhin ca
LxB (mm) cht lng (cm)
thng (kG) thng (Hz)
1 Thng 1 80x60x60 5.1 0.03373 0.323 0.011
2 Thng 2 80x60x60 5.5 0.03612 0.334 0.010
3 Thng 3 80x60x60 5.9 0.03858 0.346 0.009
4 Thng 4 80x60x60 6.2 0.04111 0.357 0.008
5 Thng 5 80x60x60 6.6 0.04371 0.369 0.008
TH 2a: Hiu qu gim dao ng cho m TH 2b: hiu qu gim dao ng cho TH 2c: Hiu qu gim dao ng cho
hnh kt cu th nghim vi 3 thng TLD m hnh kt cu th nghim vi 5 thng m hnh kt cu th nghim vi
c tn s dao ng khc nhau, R=0.3 TLD (tn s dao ng ca mi thng 7 thng TLD c tn s dao ng
khc nhau), R=0.3 khc nhau, R=0.3
TH 2d: hiu qu gim dao ng cho m TH 2e: Hiu qu gim dao ng cho TH 2f: hiu qu gim dao ng cho
hnh kt cu th nghim vi 9 thng TLD m hnh kt cu th nghim vi m hnh kt cu th nghim vi
(tn s dao ng ca mi thng 11 thng TLD c tn s dao ng 15 thng TLD (tn s dao ng ca
khc nhau), R=0.3 khc nhau, R=0.3 mi thng khc nhau), R=0.3
Hnh 9. th kho st nh hng ca s lng thng cha n hiu qu gim dao ng
Bng 10. S liu thit k TLD cho trng hp m hnh kt cu vi b rng di tn s R=0.2 MTLD
Trng lng Tn s dao
Kch thc thng Chiu cao cht T s cn
STT Thng TLD nc trong ng t nhin
LxB (mm) lng (cm)
thng (kG) ca thng (Hz)
1 Thng 1 80x60x60 1.5 0.07 2.565 0.015
2 Thng 2 80x60x60 1.8 0.08 2.850 0.012
3 Thng 3 80x60x60 2.0 0.10 3.135 0.011
Trng hp 3b: o dao ng, chuyn v ct kt cu th nghim khi c 3 thng gim chn cht lng TLD
khc nhau (3 thng c lng cht lng khc nhau), b rng di tn s thay i so vi trng hp 2a, ly
l R=0.1.
Bng 11. S liu thit k TLD cho trng hp m hnh kt cu vi b rng di tn s R=0.1 - MTLD
Trng lng Tn s dao
Kch thc thng Chiu cao cht T s cn
STT Thng TLD nc trong ng t nhin
LxB (mm) lng (cm)
thng (kG) ca thng (Hz)
1 Thng 1 80x60x60 1.6 0.08 2.708 0.013
2 Thng 2 80x60x60 1.8 0.08 2.850 0.012
3 Thng 3 80x60x60 1.9 0.09 2.993 0.011
TH 3a: Hiu qu gim dao ng cho m hnh kt cu th TH 3b: hiu qu gim dao ng cho m hnh th
nghim vi 3 thng TLD c tn s dao ng khc nhau, nghim vi 3 thng TLD (tn s dao ng ca mi
R=0.2 thng khc nhau), R=0.1
Hnh 10. th kho st nh hng ca b rng di tn s n hiu qu gim dao ng
Khi b rng di tn s thay i, d liu th nghim TLD n trong b gim chn cht lng a tn s
th hin kh nhy cm vi s thay i ny. ng MTLD l ln v b rng di tn s l nh (R =
thc nghim, ng l thuyt l ng dng. So snh 0.1), chnh tn s gia cc TLD n l nh th hiu
vi trng hp 2a cho thy: khi vi s lng thng qu gim dao ng ca MTLD l tng t nh SLTD.
Bng 12. S liu thit k TLD cho trng hp m hnh kt cu vi f/fs =0.95 - MTLD
Trng lng Tn s dao ng
Kch thc thng Chiu cao T s cn
STT Thng TLD nc trong t nhin ca
LxB (mm) cht lng (cm)
thng (kG) thng (Hz)
1 Thng 1 80x60x60 1.3 0.06 2.301 0.018
2 Thng 2 80x60x60 1.4 0.07 2.437 0.016
3 Thng 3 80x60x60 1.5 0.07 2.572 0.015
4 Thng 4 80x60x60 1.6 0.08 2.708 0.013
5 Thng 5 80x60x60 1.8 0.08 2.843 0.012
6 Thng 6 80x60x60 1.9 0.09 2.978 0.011
7 Thng 7 80x60x60 2.0 0.10 3.114 0.011
Trng hp 4b: o dao ng, chuyn v ct kt cu th nghim khi c 7 thng TLD (khc nhau), b rng di
tn s R=0.3 v t s gia tn s trung tm ca gim chn cht lng a tn s MTLD v tn s dao ng
ring ca kt cu f/fs =1.05.
Bng 13. S liu thit k TLD cho trng hp m hnh kt cu vi f/fs =1.05 - MTLD
Trng lng Tn s dao ng
Kch thc thng Chiu cao T s cn
STT Thng TLD nc trong t nhin ca
LxB (mm) cht lng (cm)
thng (kG) thng (Hz)
1 Thng 1 80x60x60 1.5 0.07 2.544 0.015
2 Thng 2 80x60x60 1.6 0.08 2.693 0.013
3 Thng 3 80x60x60 1.8 0.08 2.843 0.012
4 Thng 4 80x60x60 1.9 0.09 2.993 0.011
5 Thng 5 80x60x60 2.0 0.10 3.142 0.011
6 Thng 6 80x60x60 2.1 0.10 3.292 0.010
7 Thng 7 80x60x60 2.3 0.11 3.441 0.009
TH 4a: Hiu qu gim dao ng cho m hnh kt cu TH 4b: hiu qu gim dao ng cho m hnh th nghim vi 7
th nghim vi 7 thng TLD (tn s dao ng ca mi thng TLD (tn s dao ng ca mi thng khc nhau, R=0.3,
thng khc nhau, R=0.3, f/fs=0.95 f/fs=1.05
Hnh 10. Kho st nh hng ca t s gia tn s trung tm ca MTLD v tn s dao ng ring
Khi t s gia tn s kch ng vi tn s dao gim chn l N = 5-11 v chnh tn s gia cc thng
ng ring ca kt cu khng bng mt, dng ca l l = 0.01 - 0.02 (b rng di tn s R = 0.2-0.3).
ng th th nghim v l thuyt l kh ph hp
TI LIU THAM KHO
ng th thc nghim th hin kh nhy cm vi
s thay i ny. 1. L.M. SUN, Y. FUJINO, B.M. PACHECO, P.
CHAISERI. (1992), Modeling of Tuned Liquid
4. Kt lun
Damper (TLD), Journal of Wind Engineering and
- Hiu qu ca MTLD l tt hn SLTD khi s dng Industrial Aerodynamics, (41-44), pp. 1883-1894.
nhiu thng TLD vi chiu su cht lng khc nhau
2. HARRY G. HARRIS v GAJANAN M. SABNIS.
hay tn s dao ng ring khc nhau (h MTLD c 1
(1999), Model and experimental techniques,
tn s trung tm trong di tn s tnh ton thit k ca
Second edition printed in USA.
cc TLD);
3. L.M. SUN, Y. FUJINO, P. CHAISERI, B.M.
- Tng quan gia t s tn s v chuyn v (theo
PACHECO. (1995), Properties of tuned liquid
tn s) l ph hp v qui lut vi kt qu l thuyt
dampers using a TMD analogy, Earthquake
phn tch cho m hnh ct th nghim;
Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 24 (7),
- ng cong ng x ca MTLD l kh phng, pp. 967-976.
iu ny ch ra rng ng x ca kt cu c kh nng
4. TOSHIHIRO WAKAHARA. (1993), Wind-induced
p ng trn mt di rng tn s v MTLD c tnh cn
response of TLD-structure coupled system
cao hn so vi SLTD. S bng phng ny l do s
considering nonlinearity of liquid motion, Shimizu
khc bit pha nh trong khong chuyn ng ca cht
Technology Research Bulletin, (12).
lng trong mi TLD ca gim chn cht lng a tn s
MTLD; 5. Y.FUJINO, L.M.SUN. (1993), Vibration Control by
Multiple Tuned Liquid Dampers (MTLDs), Journal
- Do hn ch v kinh nghim th nghim nn
of Structural Engineering, Vol. 119 (12), pp. 3482-
ng thc nghim xy dng sai s kh ln so vi
3500.
ng l thuyt. Tuy nhin sai s vn nm trong gii
hn cho php l t 7-11% (<15%) l c th chp nhn 6. NGUYN HU HNG, NGUYN C TH THU
c. NH. (2013), "Xc nh tham s thc t ca cng
trnh cu thng qua kt qu phn ng ng lc
Phn tch s hm ng x tn s thit lp
hc", Hi tho "40 nm hp tc Vit Nam - Nht
xc nh c nh hng ca cc tham s n hiu
Bn trong xy dng: Thnh tu v c hi ", H
qu gim chn nh: s lng thng TLD N, b rng
Ni, 8 & 9 /11/ 2013; ISBN: 978-604-82-0053-4.
di tn s R, v t s tn s kch ng v tn s dao
ng ring ca kt cu. c bit xut c s Ngy nhn bi: 03/5/2015.
lng thng TLD trong h MTLD hp l cho thit k Ngy nhn bi sa ln cui: 22/9/2015.