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KT CU CNG NGH XY DNG

TNH TON BN I CC B TNG CT THP TON KHI


TS. L MINH LONG, KS. NGUYN TRUNG KIN, KS. NGUYN HI DIN
Vin KHCN Xy dng
Tm tt: Vic tnh ton i cc b tng ct thp tin cho vic p dng v trnh c cc tranh lun
ton khi c cp trong TCVN 5574:2012 v khng cn thit.
tng nh l n gin, nhng trong thc t thit k,
Cc bi ton (4) v (5) c hng dn c th
do TCVN 5574:2012 khng hng dn chi tit cho
trong [1] v [3]. Bi bo ny ch cp n vic tnh
cc trng hp tnh ton dn n vic xc nh thp
ton chc thng i cc b tng ct thp ton khi (c
chc thng, nht l do cc cc bin thng c thc
mt bng hnh vung (hoc hnh ch nht) di ct
hin khng chnh xc. Ngoi ra, cc bi ton tnh ton
vi s lng cc trong i t 2 tr ln theo cc bi
i cc cng thng cha c thc hin y v
ton (1), (2) v (3).
chnh xc theo quan im ca TCVN 5574:2012 nn
dn n tranh lun khng cn thit. Bi bo ny trnh 2. Tnh ton bn i cc di ct b tng ct
by phng php tnh ton chi tit chc thng i cc thp ton khi
theo quan im ca ti liu c s bin son ra TCVN 2.1 Tnh ton chc thng i cc do ct gy ra
5574:2012.
a. Tnh ton chc thng i cc chu lc ng tm
1. t vn
Vi i cc c 4 cc tr ln, vic tnh ton chc
Hin nay trong thc t thit k thng b qua tnh thng i cc c thc hin theo biu thc (1), xut
ton chc thng ca i cc vi l do chiu cao i pht t iu kin: s chc thng xy ra theo cc mt
thng c chn sao cho thp chc thng nm pha bn ca thp chc thng vi chiu cao tnh bng
trong cc bin. Tuy nhin, vi cc i c s lng cc khong cch theo phng thng ng t ct thp
ln, phn lc u cc cng ln, nn vic la chn chu lc ca i cc n chn ct, cn cc mt bn i
theo hng ny thng lm cho chiu cao i cc qua cc mp ngoi ca ct n cc mp trong ca
ln, khng m bo tnh kinh t. cc cc v nghing mt gc khng nh 45 so vi
Trong TCVN 5574:2012 [1], vic tnh ton chc phng nm ngang v khng ln hn gc ng vi
thng (nn thng) c gii thiu rt tng qut trong thp chc thng c c = 0,4h0.
mc 6.2.5.4. Trong khi , khi p dng cc cng thc Biu thc tng qut tnh chc thng:
tnh ton theo mc ny gy rt nhiu kh khn cho k im
Rbt h0 h0
s thit k, dn n c s sai lch trong qu trnh Fper

u i
ci
(1)
thm tra h s thit k cc cng trnh cao tng hin i 1

nay. Khi tnh ton bn ca i cc b tng ct thp trong Fper l lc chc thng tnh ton, bng tng
cn phi thc hin 05 bi ton: (1) tnh ton chc phn lc cc cc nm ngoi phm vi y di thp
thng i cc do ct gy ra; (2) tnh ton chc thng chc thng, Fper N n1 / n . Khi phn lc cc
i cc do cc bin gy ra; (3) tnh ton bn tit cc ch c tnh do lc dc trc N tc dng ti tit
din nghing chu lc ct; (4) tnh ton un theo tit din ct cnh nm ngang bn trn ca i cc;
din thng gc v tit din nghing; (5) tnh ton nn y n l s cc trong i, n1 l s cc nm ngoi
cc b i cc. Trong , cc bi ton (4) v (5) phm vi y di thp chc thng; Rbt l cng
c trnh by chi tit trong [1] v [3]. Ti liu Hng chu ko tnh ton ca b tng c k n cc h s
dn tnh ton bn i cc theo tiu chun SNIP iu kin lm vic ca b tng bi ; h0 l chiu cao lm
2.03.01-84 [5] l ti liu pht trin thm nhm chi tit vic ca tit din i cc trn on ang xt, tnh
ha tnh ton cho SNIP 2.03.01-84 [3] (l ti liu gc bng khong cch t ct thp chu lc ca i cc ti
lm c s bin son ra TCXDVN 356:2005 [2] trc mt trn ca i cc; ui l gi tr trung bnh ca cnh
y v TCVN 5574:2012 [1] hin hnh). Trong [5] y trn v y di ca mt bn th i ca thp chc
c th ha cc trng hp tnh ton. Rt tic l ti thng (tc l thp chc thng c th c nhiu mt,
liu ny cha c bin son cho Vit Nam thun khng phi lc no cng l 4); i l khong cch t
mp ct ti mt bn ca cc nm ngoi phm vi thp

Tp ch KHCN Xy dng - s 3/2015 3


KT CU CNG NGH XY DNG

chc thng; l h s ly bng 1 vi i cc ton ct gn nht, nm ngoi phm vi y di ca thp


khi (i vi mng lp ghp =(1-0,4RbtAf/N)0,85 chc thng; c2 l khong cch t mp ct c kch
vi Af = 2(bcol+hcol)hanc, trong hanc l chiu di ct thc hcol ti mt phng song song vi n, i qua
ngm vo cc mng). mp trong ca hng ct gn nht, nm ngoi phm vi
y di ca thp chc thng;

y, t s h0/ci ly khng nh hn 1 v khng


ln hn 2,5. Khi i > h0 th ci ly bng h0, khi i < 0,4h0
th i ly bng bng 0,4h0.

Khi tnh ton chc thng ca i cc chu lc


ng tm do ct tit din vung gy ra, vi c1 = c2 = c
th cng thc (2) s c dng:

4h0 Rbt hcol c h0


Fper (3)
c
Khi b tr ct thp ngang t vung gc vi mt
bn ca i cc trong phm vi thp chc thng th
vic tnh ton phi c thc hin theo iu kin:

Fper Fb 0,8Fsw (4)


nhng khng ln hn 2Fb.

Gi tr lc Fb ly bng v phi ca biu thc (1),


cn lc Fsw bng tng ton b lc ct do ct thp ai
Hnh 1. S hnh thnh thp chc thng di ct b tng (ct qua cc mt bn ca thp chc thng) chu, c
ct thp ton khi xc nh theo cng thc:

Khi tnh ton chc thng cho i cc chu lc Fsw Rsw Asw (5)
ng tm do ct tit din ch nht gy ra, biu thc trong : Rsw l cng chu ko tnh ton ca ct
(1) c vit li di dng: thp ai khi tnh ton tit din nghing chu tc dng
ca lc ct; Asw l tng din tch tit din ngang ca
2h0 Rbt h0 h0
Fper bcol c2 hcol c1 (2) ct thp ai, ct qua cc mt bn ca thp chc
c1 c2 thng.
trong Fr; Rbt; h0 nh trong biu thc (1); bcol; hcol
- Vi i cc gm 2 cc (hnh 2) th vic tnh ton
ln lt l chiu rng v chiu cao ca tit din ct; c1
chc thng i cc do ct gy ra c tin hnh theo
l khong cch t mp ct c kch thc bcol ti mt
iu kin:
phng song song vi n, i qua mp trong ca hng

h
2 Rbt 0 bcol c2 h0 hcol c1 b bcol
Fper c1 (6)

trong Fper l lc chc thng tnh ton, bng tng phn lc ca hai cc do lc dc N tc dng ln ct Rbt, h0;
c1; bcol, hcol, : nh trong biu thc (1); c2 l khong cch t mt phng mp ct kch thc hcol n mp ngoi
ca i cc.

4 Tp ch KHCN Xy dng - s 3/2015


KT CU CNG NGH XY DNG

phn lc ca cc cc nm trong phm vi din tch ca


y di thp chc thng khng c k ti.

Hnh 2. S thp chc thng trong i 2 cc


di ct b tng ct thp

b. Tnh ton chc thng i cc chu lc lch tm


Hnh 3. S thp chc thng khi b tr cc thnh nhiu hng
Vic tnh ton c tin hnh theo cc cng thc
2.2 Tnh ton chc thng i cc do cc bin gy ra
tnh ton chc thng ca cc i chu lc ng tm,
nhng khi lc chc thng tnh ton ly bng Fper = Vic tnh ton chc thng i do cc bin gy ra
2Fi , trong Fi l tng phn lc ca tt c cc cc c thc hin theo biu thc sau:
nm mt pha ca trc ct phn chu lc nhiu i m
hn tr i phn lc ca cc cc nm trong phm vi Fai Rbt h01 ui i (7)
thp chc thng cng pha vi trc ct. Trong i 1

trng hp ny, cc phn lc ca cc cc c tnh trong : Fai l ti trng tnh ton ln mt cc bin c
ton do lc dc v m men tc dng ti tit din ct k n momen theo 2 phng, bao gm c nh
mt i (tc l phn lc cc sinh ra do lc dc v m hng ca ti trng cc b (v d: do tng chn); h01
men tc dng ti mt i). l chiu cao tnh ton ca tit din trn on ang
kim tra, bng khong cch t nh cc n mt trn
Khi cc m men tc dng theo phng ngang v i cc; i l gi tr trung bnh ca y trn v y
phng dc th Fi c xc nh theo tng phng di ca mt bn th i ca thp chc thng c chiu
ring bit; trong tnh ton ly gi tr ln hn (tc l ly cao h01, hnh thnh khi mt cc bin chc thng i; i
gi tr ln hn trong hai phng ang xt, phng l h s, c xc nh theo biu thc: i =k(h0i/c0i)
no c lc ln hn th ly gi tr ). vi k l h s, k n s gim kh nng chu lc i
- Vi i 2 cc chu lc lch tm th vic tnh ton cc vng gc.
chc thng do ct gy ra c tin hnh theo biu Biu thc (7) c th c vit li di dng:
thc (6), nhng khi lc chc thng tnh ton ly
bng Fper=2Fi, trong Fi phn lc ca cc chu lc c c
Fai Rbt h01 1 b02 02 2 b01 01 (8)
ln nht do lc dc N v m men M tc dng vo ct; 2 2
- Trng hp i c nhiu hng cc (hnh 3) th trong : 1=k1(h01/c01) v 2=k2(h01/c02); b01 v b02 l
ngoi vic tnh ton chc thng i do ct gy ra theo khong cch t cc cnh trong ca cc cc bin n
thp chc thng, cc mt bn ca thp i t mp cc cnh ngoi ca i cc (hnh 4); c01 v c02 l
ngoi ca ct n cc mp gn nht ca cc cc, cn khong cch t mp trong ca cc bin n mp ct
phi kim tra chc thng ca i cc do ct gy ra vi gn nht theo 2 phng; 1 v 2 l gi tr cc h s
gi thit l s chc thng xy ra theo mt thp, hai c ly theo bng 1.
hoc tt c 4 mt ca thp nghing gc 45; khi ,

Tp ch KHCN Xy dng - s 3/2015 5


KT CU CNG NGH XY DNG

Hnh 4. S chc thng i do cc cc bin


Bng 1. Gi tr cc h s 1 v 2

h01/c0i i h01/c0i i h01/c0i i h01/c0i i


1 0,6 1,4 0,765 1,8 0,887 2,2 0,968
1,05 0,622 1,45 0,782 1,85 0,9 2,25 0,974
1,1 0,645 1,5 0,8 1,9 0,912 2,3 0,98
1,15 0,666 1,55 0,815 1,95 0,92 2,35 0,986
1,2 0,688 1,60 0,832 2 0,932 2,40 0,991
1,25 0,709 1,65 0,845 2,05 0,941 2,45 0,996
1,3 0,728 1,7 0,86 2,1 0,951 2,5 1
1,35 0,746 1,75 0,875 2,15 0,96

2.3 Tnh ton bn trn tit din nghing ca i lm vic trong tit din ang xt ca i cc; l
cc chu tc dng ca lc ct chiu di hnh chiu ca tit din nghing ly bng
khong cch t mt phng ca cc cnh trong ca
Vic tnh ton ny thng b b qua trong thc t
cc cc n mp trong gn nht ca ct, xem hnh
thit k. Vic tnh ton bn trn tit din nghing
5a; Gi tr h0/c ly khng nh hn 0,4 tng ng vi
ca i cc chu tc dng ca lc ct c tin hnh
Qmin = 0,6bh0Rbt v khng ln hn 1,67 tng ng vi
theo biu thc:
Qmax = 2,5bh0Rbt.
h0
Q 1,5bh0 Rbt (9) Khi b tr cc nhiu hng trong i, vic tnh ton
c
bn tit din nghing chu tc dng ca lc ct
trong : Q=Fi l tng phn lc ca cc cc nm
c tin hnh theo cc tit din i qua cc mp
ngoi phm vi ca phn i cc chu lc ln hn c
trong ca cc tng ng vi mi hng cc (hnh 5b).
k n gi tr momen un ln hn; b l chiu rng y
i cc; Rbt nh trong biu thc (1); h0 l chiu cao

6 Tp ch KHCN Xy dng - s 3/2015


KT CU CNG NGH XY DNG

Hnh 5. Cc s tnh ton bn trn tit din nghing ca i theo lc ct

2.4 V d tnh ton cc khoan nhi ng knh D = 0,6 m (theo [5] c th


quy i tng ng thnh cc vung c cnh = 0,89
Bi ton thit k i gm 8 cc; kch thc i
D 0,9 D (tc l c tit din tng ng 0,540,54
36,6 m, tit din ct 11 m; chiu cao i 2 m; b
m); phn lc cc cc nh trn hnh 6.
tng i cc s dng: B30 (M400) c Rbt = 1,2 (MPa);

Hnh 6. S phn lc u cc

n v thit k tnh ton vi i cc ny l kh ct ang xt ti y thp m thng, [Q] l lc ct


nng chu chc thng, trong khi n v thm tra tnh gii hn m i chu c.
ton v cho kt qu (vi kch thc v cch b tr
- iu kin ct chc thng i cc xc nh theo
nh trn hnh 6) i cc khng chu ct trn tit
cng thc: P <= [P] = [1(bc+C2) + 2(hc+C1)]
din nghing v i b chc thng.
h0Rbt trong 1 = 1,5[1+(h0/C1)2](1/2), 2 =
n v thm tra tnh ton theo cc cng thc 1,5[1+(h0/C2)2](1/2), P l lc chc thng bng tng
cha ph hp vi yu cu ca [1] nh sau: phn lc ca cc nm ngoi phm vi ca y thp
chc thng, [P] l lc ct gii hn m i cc c th
- Kh nng chu ct ca i trn tit din nghing
chu c.
xc nh theo cng thc: Q [Q] = Rbtbtbh0, trong
=0,7[1+(h0/C)2](1/2), btb l chiu rng ca tit din Bi ton ca n v thit k c tnh ton da
chu ct, C l khong cch theo phng ngang t mt trn cc cng thc (6), (8) v (9) v s nh trn
hnh 7 nh sau:

Tp ch KHCN Xy dng - s 3/2015 7


KT CU CNG NGH XY DNG

Hnh 7. S chc thng i do ct gy ra

Cc khoan nhi ng knh D = 0,6 m tng Fper =276+286+292+294+240+252+259+261)10 Fper


ng vi cc vung c tit din 0,540,54 m theo ch = 21600 (kN)
dn trong [5]; c1 = 0,16 m; c2 = 0,16 m; hcol = 1 m; bcol =
Kh nng chng chc thng ca i cc khi xy ra
1 m; b = 3 m; a = 6,6 m; h = 2 m; h0 = 1,85 m; = 1.
chc thng do ct gy ra c xc nh nh sau:
a. Tnh ton chc thng i cc do ct gy ra
V phi ca biu thc (6):
Tng lc chc thng Fper tnh ton bng tng
phn lc ca cc cc ngoi phm vi di y thp
chc thng:
h
2 Rbt 0 bcol c2 h0 hcol c1 b bcol
c1

2 1, 2 103 1,85 / 0,16 1 0,16 1,85 1 0,16 3 1
65120 ( kN )
1
Nh vy Fper = 21600 (kN) < 65120 (kN) i cc khng b ct chc thng.

b. Tnh ton chc thng i do cc bin

S tnh nh trn hnh 8. Cc thng s tnh ton: c01 = 1,93 m; c02 = 0,16 m; h01 = h0 = 1,85 m; 1 = 0,6
(do h01/c01 = 0,958 < 1); 2 = 1 (do h02/c02 = 11,56 > 2,5); b01 = 0,87 m; b02 = 0,87 m.

Kh nng chng chc thng ca i cc do cc bin c xc nh nh sau:

8 Tp ch KHCN Xy dng - s 3/2015


KT CU CNG NGH XY DNG

Hnh 8. S chc thng i do cc bin gy ra

V phi ca cng thc (8):


c c
Rbt h01 1 b02 02 2 b01 01 1, 2 103 0, 6 0,87 0,16 / 2 1 (0,87 1,93 / 2)
2 2
5339kN
Fai = F8 = 2940 (kN) < 5339 (kN). Vy i cc m bo kh nng chu chc thng do cc bin.

c. Tnh ton bn trn tit din nghing ca i cc chu tc dng ca lc ct

S tnh ton nh trn hnh 9.

Hnh 9. S tnh ton bn trn tit din nghing ca i cc chu tc dng ca lc ct

Vi s b tr cc nh trn hnh 9 s c 2 tit m men un ln hn: Q1=F1 = 2940 + 2610 = 5550


din nghing xut pht t mp ct n mp hai hng (kN).
cc.
Cc thng s: C1 = 1,93 m; h01 = 1,85; b = 3 m.
- Xt tit din nghing th nht:
T s h01/C1 = 0,958 nm trong khong 0,4 n
Tng cc phn lc cc cc nm ngoi phm vi 1,67, do kh nng chu ct tnh ton ti tit din
ca phn i cc chu lc ln hn c k n gi tr nghing th nht tnh theo v phi cng thc (9):

h01 1,85
1,5bh0 Rbt 1,5 3 1,85 1, 2 103 9576 kN
C1 1,93

Tp ch KHCN Xy dng - s 3/2015 9


KT CU CNG NGH XY DNG

h
V Q1 = F1 = 5550 (kN) < 1,5bh0 Rbt 01 = 9576 cn bn lun nhng trn thc t vn c nhng im
C
(kN) nn i cc m bo bn trn 1tit din cn lu trnh cc tranh lun khng cn thit: cn
nghing th nht; thc hin cc bi ton, trong c bit lu bi
ton tnh chc thng do ct v do cc bin.
- Xt tit din nghing th hai:
Bi vit gii thiu phng php tnh ton i
Tng cc phn lc cc cc nm ngoi phm vi
cc mt cch chun xc ph hp vi quan im ca
ca phn i cc chu lc ln hn c k n gi tr
[1] trn c s ti liu [5].
m men un ln hn: Q2 = F1 + F2 = 2940 + 2610 +
2920 + 2590 = 11060 (kN); Bi vit c th lm ti liu tham kho cho cc k
s thit k v nhng ngi quan tm.
Cc thng s: C2 = 0,16 m; h02 = h0 = 1,85 m; t s
h02/C2 = 11,5 > 1,67. TI LIU THAM KHO

Kh nng chu ct tnh ton ti tit din nghing 1. TCVN 5574:2012, Kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp.
th hai bng: Tiu chun thit k.
3
2,5 bh0Rbt = 2,531,851,210 =16650 (kN) 2. TCXDVN 356:2005, Kt cu b tng v b tng ct
V Q2= 11060 (kN) < 2,5bh0Rbt = 16650 (kN) nn thp. Tiu chun thit k.
i cc m bo bn trn tit din nghing th hai. 3. Hng dn tnh ton kt cu b tng v b tng ct
Qua v d c th nhn thy, vic tnh ton theo thp theo TCXDVN 356:2005.
cc cng thc chun ca [5] cho kt qu t yu cu 4. SNIP2.03.01-84, Kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp -
v chc thng do ct, do cc bin gy ra v bn Tiu chun thit k.
trn tit din nghing ca i cc chu tc dng ca
5.
lc ct vn m bo, trong khi kt qu ca quan im

tnh ton khng theo [5], tc l khng tun th [1],
( 2.03.01-84) (Hng
khng t yu cu.
dn thit k i cc b tng ct thp ca mng cc
3. Kt lun di ct nh v cng trnh), 1985.
Vic tnh ton bn ca i cc b tng ct thp Ngy nhn bi: 04/6/2015.
ton khi tng nh n gin v khng c vn g Ngy nhn bi sa ln cui: 25/8/2015.
.

10 Tp ch KHCN Xy dng - s 3/2015


KT CU CNG NGH XY DNG

XC NH TUI TH CN LI CA NH V CNG TRNH XY DNG

PGS.TS. NGUYN XUN CHNH


Vin KHCN Xy dng
ThS. CAO XUN HIN
Trng i hc Hu

Tm tt: Bi bo ny gii thiu tm tt mt s - Mc II (mc trung bnh) tnh ton c s dng


phng php xc nh tui th cn li ca nh v phng php bn xc sut;
cng trnh xy dng, theo c th p dng xc
- Mc III (mc cao) tnh ton c p dng l thuyt
nh tui th cn li ca cu kin, b phn kt cu
xc sut vi cc bin ngu nhin c phn b bt k.
hoc ca cng trnh ni chung.
Xc nh tui th cn li ca cng trnh theo
1. M u
phng php tin nh khng theo mt cng thc
Xc nh tui th cn li ca nh v cng trnh xy chnh xc m thng phi chn mt a thc c nhiu
dng l nhim v rt cn thit nhm bo m c bc khc nhau. a thc c bc thp cho kt qu km
an ton s dng ca chng. chnh xc, a thc bc cao cho kt qu tt hn nhng
cng khng phn nh c s bin ng ca cc
Theo mt s ti liu thng k khong 80% cc
tham s theo thi gian.
trng hp xy ra s c ca cc cng trnh xy dng
l do con ngi gy ra k t giai on thit k, thi S dng phng php xc sut yu cu phi c
cng v khai thc s dng cng trnh. lng s liu ln v ti trng v tc ng, vt liu
ca kt cu. Vi s lng thng tin ln s bo m
Bo m c tin cy ca cng trnh l bo
c tin cy ca vic nh gi v kt lun v tui
m an ton v tui th ca chng theo yu cu ca
th cn li ca cng trnh.
tiu chun thit k. tin cy ca cng trnh xy
dng l kh nng p ng ca cng trnh theo cc Mt s vn c bn khi tip cn theo phng
yu cu ca tiu chun trong thi gian quy nh v php xc sut l:
kh nng chu lc, bn, n nh v bin dng.
- Xem cc iu kin bn ngoi tc ng ln kt cu
nh gi tin cy ca kt cu xy dng ang s l cc qu trnh ngu nhin;
dng thng qua kt qu kho st k thut, t kt qu
- Kt cu b ph hy l hu qu ca qu trnh tch
kho st tin hnh tnh ton nh gi tnh trng k
ly h hng;
thut hin ti ca cng trnh xc nh tui th cn
li, trn c s a ra quyt nh tip tc s dng, - nh gi trng thi k thut ca kt cu trn c
sa cha hay ph b. s s liu kho st thc t c xt n bin ng ngu
nhin ca cc thng s ti trng, tc ng v vt liu.
Khi nim tui th cn li ca nh v cng trnh
xy dng c hiu l thi gian (thng c tnh Cch tip cn ny c thc hin trn c s cc yu
bng nm) t thi im nh gi n khi cng trnh cu v quy nh ca tiu chun hoc h s thit k.
t ti trng thi gii hn m trng thi gii hn Tui th cn li ca kt cu c xc nh thng
cng trnh khng th tip tc s dng nu khng qua mt s thng s ch yu ca kt cu m cc
c tin hnh gia cng hoc sa cha ln. thng s ny cho thy kt cu tin n trng thi gii
2. Mt s phng php tnh tui th cn li hn hoc mt kh nng chu lc.

Tnh ton xc nh tui th cn li ca cng trnh Trn c s phn tch kt qu kho st hay nh
xy dng c th thc hin cc mc chnh xc gi chuyn gia, cng nh kinh nghim thc t trong
khc nhau: qu trnh s dng i n quyt nh ko di vic
s dng cng trnh hoc thc hin vic gia cng,
- Mc I (mc thp) l tnh theo cc phng php
sa cha cn phi tin hnh xc nh tui th cn li
tin nh;
ca cng trnh.

Tp ch KHCN Xy dng - s 3/2015 11


KT CU CNG NGH XY DNG

xc nh c tui th cn li ca cng trnh Thi gian s dng ca cng trnh t u n khi


cn c cc iu kin sau: tin hnh sa cha ln tnh bng nm:

- C cc thng s trng thi k thut ca cng 0,16


T (4)
trnh;
- C cc thng s biu th cc h hng hin ti ca b. Tnh tui th cn li ca cng trnh theo cng [2]
cng trnh;
Tui th cn li theo tiu ch trng thi gii hn
- Xc nh tiu ch trng thi gii hn m cng trnh c xc nh theo:
t ti khi h hng tip din. V d: Tiu ch tnh
b (t )
ton tui th cn li ca nh khung thp l: Tk (5)

+ Hao mn hu hnh;
trong :
+ n mn thp;
b (t ) - gii hn cng thi im kho st;
+ Cng ca thp c xt n h hng v tc
ng ca nhit ; - gii hn cng theo tnh ton;

+ Tc ng mi. - tc suy gim tnh cht c l;


Tnh ton tui th cn li c th thc hin theo mt b b (t )
(6)
hoc mt s tiu ch. Ni chung tui th cn li ca t
cng trnh theo mt hay mt s tiu ch cn da vo
trong :
yu cu v chnh xc ca vic d bo d tr
hay ri ro ca cng trnh trong thi gian s dng tip b - cng gii hn tiu chun
theo. t Thi gian s dng cng trnh t u n thi im
2.1 Tnh ton tui th cn li theo tiu ch ca kho st, n v: nm
trng thi gii hn [2]; [4] c. Tnh tui th cn li ca kt cu thp do b n mn [2]
a. Tnh tui th cn li cn c vo hao mn hu hnh Tui th cn li ca kt cu nh do n mn c
nh gi tng hp h hng ca cng trnh theo tnh theo cng thc:
cng thc:
Su S
2 2 ... i i Tk (7)
11 (1) t
1 2 ... i
trong :
trong : 1 , 2 ,... i - gi tr h hng ln nht theo
loi kt cu; Su chiu dy thc t nh nht ca cu kin chu
lc, mm;
1 , 2 ...i - h s tm quan trng theo loi kt
cu. S chiu dy n mn, mm;

nh gi tng i v h hng ca cng trnh t - thi gian s dng cng trnh t u n thi
theo cng thc: im kho st, n v: nm

1 (2) d. Tnh tui th cn li do mi [2]


Hao mn thng xuyn xc nh theo s liu Tc= Ts [N] / Ns (8)
quan trc cn c vo s thay i kh nng chu lc
trong :
vo thi im kho st.
Ts thi gian s dng cng trnh t u, n v: nm;
ln
(3)
t [N] s chu k ti cho php;

trong : t - thi gian khai thc s dng (nm) Ns s chu k ti trong thi gian s dng.
thi im kho st.

12 Tp ch KHCN Xy dng - s 3/2015


KT CU CNG NGH XY DNG

Theo kt qu tnh ton tui th cn li cho php f h s tin cy ca ti trng;


nh gi tui th ca cu kin, b phn kt cu hoc
n h s tm quan trng.
ton b cng trnh. Khi tnh theo mt s tiu ch th kt
qu c kt lun theo gi tr thp nht. Cc h s ny c ly theo tiu chun.

2.2 Tnh tui th cn li ca nh v cng trnh xy - nh hng ca khuyt tt v h hng n tin


dng theo cc h s tin cy [5]; [4] cy ca kt cu c nh gi thng qua h s tin
cy tiu chun K0 .
- Xc nh h s tin cy tiu chun:
H s tin cy ca kt cu ang s dng xc
K 0 m . c . f . n (9)
nh theo cng thc:
trong : K=K0.y (10)
m h s tin cy ca vt liu; trong : y h s gim tin cy ca kt cu thi
im kho st ( tin cy tng i) cho trong bng 1.
c h s iu kin lm vic ca kt cu;
Bng 1. Phn loi tnh trng k thut ca cng trnh xy dng [4]
Phn loi
tin cy Mc h
tnh trng M t tnh trng k thut
tng i: y hng:
k thut
Khng c h hng, tnh trng k thut bnh thng. p ng cc
1 1 0
yu cu ca tiu chun thit k.
p ng yu cu s dng, kh nng chu lc theo trng thi gii
hn th hai( vng, b rng vt nt) c th b vi phm nhng
2 0,95 0,05
vn m bo s dng bnh thng song cn c bin php chng n
mn v sa cha cc h hng nh.
Cha p ng hon ton yu cu s dng. Kh nng lm vic c
3 hn ch. Tn ti h hng lm gim kh nng chu lc. tip tc 0,85 0,15
s dng cn tin hnh sa cha nh.
Khng p ng yu cu s dng. Tn ti h hng nh hng n
4 0,75 0,25
khai thc s dng. Yu cu sa cha ln mi a vo s dng.
Tnh trng nguy him. Tn ti h hng c th dn n ph hy kt
5 cu. Yu cu gim ti khn cp v c bin php chng kp thi. 0,65 0,35
Khoanh vng nguy him.

- Chp nhn quy lut thay i h s d tr theo 3. Mt s lu khi tin hnh xc nh tui th cn
ng parabol bc hai, an ton hay d tr ca li ca cng trnh xy dng
kt cu, nh, cng trnh c tnh theo cng thc:
- Xem xt cng trnh theo nguyn tc an ton s
( K 0 1) dng theo trng thi k thut, c ngha l vic nh
Tu T (11) gi trng thi k thut ca cng trnh c thc hin
( K0 K )
theo cc thng s k thut, bo m tin cy v an
trong :
ton s dng ca cc tiu chun v h s thit k.
Tu d tr ca kt cu, nh hay cng trnh
- Ph thuc vo tiu ch ca trng thi gii hn v
thi im a vo s dng;
iu kin s dng cng trnh, cc thng s k thut
T thi gian s dng kt cu thi im kho st; cn thit l:
K h s tin cy ca kt cu khi s dng; + Cc c trng ca vt liu nh gii hn chy,
K0 h s tin cy tiu chun. gii hn bn, cng, bn chng nt, gii hn
bn mi, bn lu, t bin, thnh phn ha hc, vi
- Tui th cn li ca kt cu, nh v cng trnh cu trc,
(Trs) n khi xy ra trng thi gii hn m trng thi
+ Cc h s an ton v bn (theo gii hn
cng trnh khng th tip tc s dng nu khng
c gia cng hay tin hnh sa cha ln, c chy, gii hn bn, bn lu, t bin, bn chng
nt, n nh;
tnh theo cng thc:
Trs= Tu T (11) + Cc thng s cng ngh (nhit , p lc, cc
thng s rung ng, ch lm vic, v.v...).

Tp ch KHCN Xy dng - s 3/2015 13


KT CU CNG NGH XY DNG

- nh gi cc thng s trng thi k thut v la thit b bo m chnh xc cng vi kinh nghim


chn thng s cn thc hin theo kt qu phn tch ca cc chuyn gia trong lnh vc ny.
h s k thut, kho st, cc s liu s dng d bo
TI LIU THAM KHO
trong vic nh gi;
1. G.K SAMIGULLIN, M.M. SULTANOV Determination
- Xem xt, so snh vi h s k thut c th a
residual resource of industrial buildings and facilities at
ra cc tiu ch b sung xc nh tui th cn li ca
refineries.
cng trnh;
2. ., ..
- Mc ch ca vic phn tch h s k thut l

xc nh cc thng s k thut, trng thi gii hn,
. No 1/2015
lm r cc h hng c th xy ra vi kt cu cng
.
nh cc cu kin, b phn kt cu m h hng s
dn ti trng thi nguy him; 3. 09-102-95

- Cc ti liu s dng phn tch, nh gi bao
,
gm: cc tiu chun k thut, h s thit k, h s thi
.
cng nghim thu cng nh h s thi cng sa cha.
4. 2001
4. Kt lun

Bi vit ch mi gii thiu tm lc mt s .
phng php tnh tui th cn li ca nh v cng
5. ..
trnh xy dng, xc nh c tui th cn li ca
.
cng trnh i hi vic kho st, nh gi cng trnh
phi c tin hnh c c s khoa hc vi cc trang Ngy nhn bi: 22/7/2015.
Ngy nhn bi sa ln cui: 13/8/2015.

14 Tp ch KHCN Xy dng - s 3/2015


KT CU CNG NGH XY DNG

TNH TON, KIM TRA, S DNG VCH KNH


TRONG CNG TRNH XY DNG VIT NAM

ThS. THIU QUANG


Ban QLDA TXD Nh Quc hi v Hi trng Ba nh (mi)
PGS. TS. TRN CHNG, TS. V THNH TRUNG
Vin KHCN Xy dng
Tm tt: Vic s dng vt liu knh trong cc cng Tuy nhin, hin nay cha c mt h thng hon
trnh xy dng, c bit l vch knh ngy cng ph chnh cc tiu chun tnh ton, la chn, th nghim,
bin Vit Nam, em li nhiu li ch v thm m, s bo tr, nh gi v vch knh ph hp vi iu kin
dng. Mc d l b phn bao che, ngn chia khng t nhin, vt liu v iu kin s dng ca nc ta.
gian cho cng trnh xy dng, bn cnh vic m bo Phn ln vch knh ti cc cng trnh xy dng Vit
thm m, kin trc, vch knh cn phi thit k m Nam c thit k s dng nh mt cu kin kin
bo kh nng chu ti trng v tc ng ging nh trc hay trang tr, cha c tnh ton y trn yu
cc kt cu khc. Tnh nng ca cc loi knh ang cu s dng v kh nng chu lc, hiu qu truyn
ngy cng c ci thin/nng cao. Tuy nhin, h sng, cch m, cch nhit, chu la, Vic tnh ton,
thng quy chun, tiu chun knh xy dng hin hnh kim tra, s dng vch knh trong cng trnh xy dng
ca Vit Nam cha y . V vy bi bo ny cp Vit Nam cng cn ty thuc ch u t (ngun
n thc trng vic tnh ton, kim tra v s dng vn) v n v thit k (quen thuc vi h thng tiu
vch knh trong cng trnh xy dng Vit Nam trong chun no), trong khi phn ln nh thu cha c y
thi gian gn y. nng lc, kinh nghim xut cc gii php an
ton, hiu qu cho vch knh.
T kha: Vch knh, knh, khung knh, mt ng,
quy chun, tiu chun knh xy dng. Tnh trng s dng theo nhu cu thm m, tro
lu, thiu cc tnh ton chu lc, mi trng, iu kin
1. M u
s dng dn n cc tc hi khng nh nh: knh
Vch knh c s dng ngy cng nhiu trong v (mt s trng hp khng r nguyn nhn) lm
cc cng trnh xy dng trn th gii cng nh ti mt an ton cho cng trnh cng nh xung quanh,
Vit Nam. Vi cc cng trnh hin i, nhiu tng, quy nhim nh sng, mi trng khng tin nghi, nng
m ln, bn cnh v p thm m, vic s dng vch lng s dng khng hiu qu, Trong cc hu qu
knh c din tch ln l mt trong nhng xu hng ni k trn, ph bin l knh v, iu kin s dng/mi
bt Vit Nam, nhng phi xem xt n vic m trng bn trong cng trnh khng m bo (hnh
bo mi trng bn trong nh, vn tit kim nng 1,2,3).
lng tch hp vi nhiu tnh nng mi khc sao cho
vic s dng an ton v hiu qu.

Hnh 1. Knh v l hin tng thng thy cc cng trnh c vch knh

Tp ch KHCN Xy dng - s 3/2015 15


KT CU CNG NGH XY DNG

Trn th gii c cng trnh cha xy dng xong vch knh mt ng b gi git tung. Trung tm D
phi iu chnh li vch knh do nhim nh sng, bo kh tng thy vn Trung ng cho bit s liu
l nguyn nhn gy ra vic nung chy cc vt th i quan trc ti 2 trm Lng v H ng cho thy cn
din vi vch knh [10]. Mi y nht, cn ging chiu ging chiu 13/6 ti H Ni c sc gi git ln ti cp
ngy 13/6/2015 ti H Ni lm v nhiu ca knh nh 8, cp 9, tng ng bo [5,6].
nhiu tng, c cng trnh (125D Minh Khai) ton b

a. Ngi nh "The Walkie Talkie Building" b. t b nung chy


Hnh 2. Ngi nh "The Walkie Talkie Building" (20 Fenchurch St, London)
nung chy cc vt th i din (xe t trong hnh bn phi) (theo www.cityam.com)

Hnh 3. Ton b phn knh mt ng ta nh ti 125D Minh Khai, H Ni b ri xung t


(nh chp sau cn ging ngy 13/6/2015)
V vy, bi bo ny trnh by tng quan v vic lin quan n la chn kch thc knh ch yu dng
tnh ton, kim tra, s dng vch knh trong cng trnh cho knh n, mt s tiu chun c cp n knh
xy dng Vit Nam hin nay; tham kho tiu chun t hp song khng y , v hnh thnh di dng
ca mt s nc/khu vc trn th gii v xut cc biu tra kh p dng v ch xt vi ti trng gi (p
kin ngh nhm m bo cht lng, an ton v hiu lc gi ti a 5 kPa). Cha c tiu chun, hng dn
qu khi s dng vch knh cho cc cng trnh xy v vch knh, m ch cp chung chung n vic lp
dng ti Vit Nam. t trong Tiu chun TCVN 7505:2005.

2. H thng quy chun, tiu chun v knh xy Cc tiu chun v knh xy dng hin hnh Vit
dng Nam phn ln c xy dng trn c s chuyn
dch, tham kho t cc tiu chun nc ngoi, trong
Trong h thng tiu chun ca Vit Nam hin nay
c ISO (Quc t), ASTM (Hoa K), EN (Chu u),
c gn 30 tiu chun v quy phm v knh xy dng
AS (c), BS (Anh), JIS (Nht Bn) (xem bng 1).
hin hnh, ni dung ch yu quy nh v vt liu knh,
gia cng, lp t, mt s th nghim l tnh. Ni dung

16 Tp ch KHCN Xy dng - s 3/2015


KT CU CNG NGH XY DNG

Bng 1. Danh mc tiu chun Vit Nam hin hnh v knh xy dng

S hiu tiu chun Tn tiu chun Tiu chun vin dn/tham chiu

Knh tm xy dng. Knh ni. Yu cu k thut


TCVN 7218:2002
1 Sheet glass for construction. Clear float glass.
Specifications
Knh tm xy dng. Phng php th
Sheet glass for construction. Method of test ISO 9050 Glass in building-
Determination of light
TCVN 7219:2002 transmittance, solar direct
2
transmittance, total energy
transmittance and ultraviolet
transmittance, and related glazing
factors
Knh xy dng. Knh dn nhiu lp v knh dn an
ton nhiu lp. Phn 1: nh ngha v m t cc
TCVN 7364-1:2004 vt liu thnh phn
3
Glass in building. Laminated glass and laminated ISO 12543-1:1998 Glass in
safety glass. part 1: Definitions and description of building-Laminated glass and
component parts laminated safety glass
Knh xy dng. Knh dn nhiu lp v knh dn an
ton nhiu lp. Phn 2: Knh dn an ton nhiu
TCVN 7364-2:2004 lp
4
Glass in building. Laminated glass and laminated
safety glass. Part 2: Laminated safety glass

Knh xy dng. Knh dn nhiu lp v knh dn an


ton nhiu lp. Phn 3: Knh dn nhiu lp
TCVN 7364-3:2004
5
Glass in building. Laminated glass and laminated
safety glass. part 3: Laminated glass

Knh xy dng. Knh dn nhiu lp v knh dn an


ton nhiu lp. Phng php th bn
TCVN 7364-4:2004
6
Glass in building. Laminated glass and laminated
safety glass. Part 4: Test methods for durability

Knh xy dng. Knh dn nhiu lp v knh dn an


ton nhiu lp. Phn 5: Kch thc v hon thin
TCVN 7364-5:2004 cnh sn phm
7
Glass in building. Laminated glass and laminated
safety glass. Part 5: Dimensions and adge
finishing
Knh xy dng. Knh dn nhiu lp v knh dn an
ton nhiu lp. Phn 6: Ngoi quan
TCVN 7364-6:2004
8
Glass in building. Laminated glass and laminated
safety glass. Part 6: Appearance
Knh xy dng - Knh dn an ton nhiu lp -
Phng php th bn va p
TCVN 7368:2013 Glass in building - Laminated safety glass - Test JIS R 3205:2005 Laminated glass
9 methods for impact resistance AS/NZS 2208:1996 Safety glazing
materials in buildings

Knh xy dng - Knh phng ti nhit


TCVN 7455:2013
10
Glass in building - Heat treated glass
Knh xy dng. Knh ct li thp
TCVN 7456:2013
11
Glass in building. Wired glass
Quy phm s dng knh trong xy dng. La
TCVN 7505:2005 chn v lp t
12
Code of practice for application of glass in
building. Selection and installation

Tp ch KHCN Xy dng - s 3/2015 17


KT CU CNG NGH XY DNG

S hiu tiu chun Tn tiu chun Tiu chun vin dn/tham chiu

Knh xy dng. nh ngha v phn loi


TCVN 7526:2005
13 Sheet glass in building. Definitions and
classification
TCVN 7527:2005 Knh xy dng. Knh cn vn hoa
14
Glass in building. Rolling patterned glass
Knh xy dng. Knh ph phn quang
ISO 9050:2003 Glass in building-
Determination of light
TCVN 7528:2005 transmittance, solar direct
15
Glass in building. Solar reflective coated glass transmittance, total energy
transmittance and ultraviolet
transmittance, and related glazing
factors
Knh xy dng. Knh mu hp th nhit
ISO 9050:2003 Glass in building-
Determination of light
TCVN 7529:2005 transmittance, solar direct
16
Glass in building. Heat absorbing tint glass transmittance, total energy
transmittance and ultraviolet
transmittance, and related glazing
factors
Knh gng - Knh gng trng bc bng phng
php ha hc t - Yu cu k thut
TCVN 7624:2007
17
Mirrors - Mirrors from silver-coated float glass by
wet-chemical technology - Specifications

TCVN 7625:2007 Knh gng - Phng php th


18
Mirrors - Method of test

TCVN 7736:2007 Knh xy dng - Knh ko


19
Glass in building - Drawn sheet glass
Knh xy dng - Phng php xc nh xuyn
quang, phn quang, tng nng lng bc x
mt tri truyn qua v xuyn bc x t ngoi
ISO 9050:2003 Glass in building-
TCVN 7737:2007 Determination of light
20
Glass in building - Method for determination of transmittance, solar direct
light transmittance, light reflectance, total solar transmittance, total energy
energy transmittance and ultraviolet transmittance transmittance and ultraviolet
transmittance, and related glazing
factors
Knh xy dng - Knh hp gn kn cch nhit
TCVN 8260:2009
21 JIS R 3209:1998 Sealed
Glass in building - Sealed in insulating glass
insulating glass
Knh xy dng - Phng php th - Xc nh ng
sut b mt v ng sut cnh ca knh bng
phng php quang n hi khng ph hy sn
phm
TCVN 8261:2009 ASTM C1279-05 Standard test
22
method for non-destructive
Glass in building - Test method for non-destructive
photoelastic measurement of
photoelastic measurement of surface and edge
edge and surface stresses in
stresses in flat glass
annealed, heat-strengthened and
fully tempered flat glass
Knh xy dng - Hng dn lp t knh m bo AS 1288-1989 Glass in buildings -
23 TCVN 8647:2011
an ton Selection and installation
BS EN 357:2004 Glass in
building - Fire resistant glazed
Knh xy dng - Cc kt cu kin trc c lp knh
24 TCVN 8648:2011 elements with transparent or
- Phn loi theo kh nng chu la
translucent glass products -
classification of fire resistance

18 Tp ch KHCN Xy dng - s 3/2015


KT CU CNG NGH XY DNG

S hiu tiu chun Tn tiu chun Tiu chun vin dn/tham chiu

Knh xy dng - Xc nh h s truyn nhit (U) - BS EN 673:1998


25 TCVN 9502:2013
phng php tnh
GOST 30733:2000 Hard coating
low emissivity glass - Specification
26 TCVN 9808:2013 Knh xy dng - Knh ph bc x thp
GOST 31364:2007 Soft coating
low emissivity glass - Specification
Do thiu h thng tiu chun nghin cu tnh ton Thng tin ti cc trang web chnh thc cho thy
h vch knh, nn trong mt s trng hp vic s h thng tiu chun v vch knh cng nh vt liu
dng cc tiu chun trn th gii p dng ti Vit knh xy dng ca Vit Nam hin nay cn s si so
Nam dn n s khng ph hp, thiu ng b; v c vi mt s nc/khu vc trn th gii (s liu n
th khng tng thch vi m hnh vt l nh vic thng 7/2015) c p dng trn lnh th Vit Nam
tnh ton ti trng [1]. (xem bng 2) [7-9,11-14].
Bng 2. S lng tiu chun v vch knh/vt liu knh xy dng ca mt s nc/khu vc trn th gii

S lng tiu chun hin hnh


Quc gia / Khu vc Knh trong xy dng Gia cng, lp t knh Vch knh
(glass in buildings) (glazing) (curtain wall)
Anh 127 160
13
Canada 119 3
10
148 8
Cng ng Chu u 44
193 272
c 132
Hoa K (ASTM) 30 51
20
ISO 27 28
12 12
c
Cc h tiu chun k trn u c ring tiu chun p dng cho vic tnh ton, la chn v lp t h vch
knh (bng 3).
Bng 3. Mt s tiu chun hin hnh v tnh ton knh/vch knh ca mt s nc trn th gii
Nm ban
Quc gia Tiu S hiu
hnh
Glass in building. Determination of the load
Anh resistance of glass panes by calculation and testing BS EN 16612 6/2013

Canada Structural Design of Glass for Buildings CAN/CGSB-12.20-M89 12/1989


Standard Practice for Determining Load Resistance
Hoa K of Glass in Building ASTM E 1300-12ae1 10/2012

c Glass in buildings - Selection and installation AS 1288-2006 1/2006


Bn cnh cc h thng tiu chun trn y, mt (Federal Emergency Management Agency), c
s hip hi nh ngh ca cc quc gia ni trn cn c tha nhn khi p dng trong thc t.
cc h thng quy nh chung, hng dn lin quan
Trong iu kin tnh nng k thut ca vt liu,
n vic tnh ton, la chn, th nghim vch knh
cng ngh gia cng, bin php thi cng, c ci
cng nh knh xy dng, v d ti Hoa K: NFRC
thin lin tc, ngay h thng tiu chun ca cc
(National Fenestration Rating Council), AAMA
nc/khu vc k trn cng ang tip tc c hon
(Americal Architectural Manufacturers Association),
thin, cp nht phng php tnh ton h vch knh
NAFS (North American Fenestration Standard), FEMA
ni chung v knh xy dng ni ring, (bng 4).
Bng 4. Mt s tiu chun tnh ton vch knh ang c nghin cu, r sot, hon thin v cp nht
Quc gia Tiu S hiu

Anh The load resistance of glass panes by calculation and testing BS EN 16612

Cng ng Chu u Design of glass panes prEN 13474

Tp ch KHCN Xy dng - s 3/2015 19


KT CU CNG NGH XY DNG

Quc gia Tiu S hiu


Revision of E 1300-12ae1
(Standard Practice for Determining Load Resistance of Glass in ASTM WK46776
Hoa K Building)
New guide for Structural use of Glass in Buildings ASTM WK37764
c Glass in buildings - Selection and installation AS 1288-2006
3. Tnh ton, thit k vch knh ti Vit Nam mt tm knh (bao gm c ti trng bn thn 15
Trc thc trng h thng tiu chun thit k ca kPa), thi gian chu ti ngn hn 3s (c h s chuyn
Vit Nam cn s si, nng lc ca cc n v T vn i sang cc thi gian khc), knh phng hnh ch
thit k trong nc cn hn ch, phn ln cc cng nht c k lin tc (t do trt) trn cc cnh (4
trnh c s dng vch knh ln l do T vn thit k cnh i vi knh hp), xc sut v knh 0,8%.
nc ngoi thc hin. Ch u t, T vn thit k l Vt liu knh ni ring v h vch knh ni chung
cc ch th quyt nh h tiu chun thit k c p nhy cm vi chuyn v, bin dng, trong khi ng
dng cho cng trnh, thng thng T vn thit k sut cho php ca vt liu knh xy dng c th ln
chn cc tiu chun quen thuc vi h thit k ti 50 MPa (FT fully tempered). iu dn ti cc
(vic thi cng v nghim thu c trnh by trong yu cu c bit khi tnh ton, thit k h vch knh
phn 4, 5 ca bi bo ny). Vi cc cng trnh c T cho cng trnh nhiu tng chu ti trng ngang, trong
vn thit k nc ngoi, phn mt ng cng trnh ti trng gi cc b l thng gp v d gy h
(faade) thng c cc cng ty thit k chuyn hng h vch knh.
nghip thc hin. Trong khi hu ht cc cng trnh, c Vt liu knh xy dng c nhiu loi ty theo mc
s dng vch knh v do T vn thit k trong nc ch s dng, do tnh nng k thut v kh nng
thc hin, h vch knh thng thng c la chn chu lc hon ton khc nhau (v d knh ti cng lc
trn c s yu cu ca kin trc, thm m m khng (tempered) c cng chu un gp 4 ln knh
c tnh ton y , ng b ngay c vi yu cu: thng (annealed) tng ng l 165,5 MPa v 41,4
chu lc, thm m, tin nghi mi trng (chiu sng, MPa. Cc cng trnh thit k mi, hin i v c yu
cch m, cch nhit). cu cht lng cao thng s dng knh t hp (knh
Cc tnh ton kt cu v vch knh hin nay hu dn, knh hp) ci thin tnh nng, song cc quy
ht da trn cc gi thit v s lm vic c lp ca nh tnh ton, thit k vn cha theo kp. Cc nh sn
cc thnh phn cu kin tham gia vo h vch knh xut vt liu knh c uy tn trn th gii thng cng b
bao gm: kt cu chnh ca cng trnh, kt cu ph cc thng s k thut v quang hc, truyn nhit cho
/lin kt vch knh, kt cu li, h khung xng, cc sn phm ca mnh v cung cp mt s cng c
knh v cc ph kin [2]. Trnh t tnh ton, kim tra tnh ton, la chn sn phm km theo. Thng s k
cng c thc hin tng ng. thut khc v cch m, cch nhit, chu va p, n
Xut pht t cch t vn , tip cn v gii bn cha c tnh ton chnh thc, c th phi thng
quyt bi ton kt cu h vch knh ni chung v knh qua th nghim, o c thc t xc nh.
ni ring, cc tiu chun hin hnh trn th gii a Thc t ti trng tc ng l t hp ca nhiu ti
ra cc phng php tnh ton khc nhau; trong c trng, cc ti trng tc ng ln vch knh, ngoi ti
c phng php thc nghim (prEN 13474-3), trng bn thn, cn l gi, nhit, ng sut trong knh
phng php l thuyt (ASTM E1300-12ae1), c tnh hp, s dng/bo tr, va chm, dch chuyn, chuyn v
ton theo m hnh phi tuyn hay tuyn tnh, c theo lch tng, chy, n, n bn, ng t. T hp ti
trng thi gii hn (ULS) (AS1288-2006) hoc ng trng (combination) c th khng tuyn tnh do tnh
sut cho php (prEN 13474-3). H thng biu nng k thut ca vt liu khc nhau trong nhng
/bng tra trong mt s tiu chun hin nay ang iu kin nht nh, v d vi tm knh dn cch nhit
c p dng cho vic la chn, xc nh kh nng th s phn b ti trng (gia cc tm knh) b nh
chu ti ca knh trong cc iu kin gii hn nht hng ln bi chnh lch nhit trong iu kin p
nh, v d nh (ASTM E1300-12ae1): knh t ng lc thp [4]. Mt khc, theo thi gian s dng vt liu
hoc nghing (khng p dng cho knh lm sn, lan knh cng c s thay i v kh nng chu lc [3].
can, di nc ), ti trng (lc) phn b u trn b

20 Tp ch KHCN Xy dng - s 3/2015


KT CU CNG NGH XY DNG

Trong iu kin thi tit ngy cng khc nghit, 4. Cng tc kim tra, th nghim vch knh
c din bin bt ng th vic nng cao cht lng Ti Vit Nam cc th nghim h vch knh c
cng trnh thng qua giai on thit k l mt trong da trn cc tiu chun nc ngoi, song cn khc
nhng yu cu ca qu trnh pht trin bn vng v bit gia cc h (tiu chun) khc nhau, vic s dng
p ng s pht trin chung ca x hi. Vic xem xt, tiu chun nh gi no ty thuc vo khch hng v
tnh ton cc ti trng tc ng n vch knh cn ngi th nghim. Cc th nghim h vch knh thng
c nghin cu, chun ha cho ph hp vi thc thng gm cc th nghim kim tra tnh nng kt cu
t. Bn cnh cc ti trng tc ng ln h vch knh, (khung, knh), kim tra lt kh, lt nc trong
vic tnh ton cu to cc b phn lin kt nh h cc iu kin p lc tnh/ng trong mt s trng
khung (frame/profile), giong, vt liu chn, lin hp c thc hin cc th nghim v chu la, cch
kt, m bo tnh nng ca c h vch knh nh m. Bng 5 di y trnh by vic so snh ch tiu
kn kh, kn nc, cch nhit, cch m, m bo tui chuyn v ti a cho php ca h vch knh khi th
th cng cn c nghin cu, chun ha. nghim kim tra theo cc tiu chun khc nhau.
Bng 5. So snh ch tiu nh gi kt cu h vch knh theo mt s tiu chun
Chuyn v ti a cho php
iu kin lm vic (Maximum Allowable Quy nh cho
Deflection)
ASTM E 1300-12ae1 a / 175 Khung knh
AS 1288-2006 a / 60
Bn k 2, 3, 4 cnh
Congson h / 30 Knh
BS 6262:1982 a / 125
Knh n, k 4 cnh
Knh hp, k 4 cnh a / 175 Knh
prEN 13474-3:2009 a / 65 hoc 50 mm
Tr khi c ch nh khc Knh
UBC 1994 (section 2404.2) a / 175 hoc 19 mm Khung knh
SBC 2012 (section 2403.3) a / 175 hoc 19,1 mm Khung knh
SS 212:2007 L / 125
Knh n
Knh hp L / 175 Khung knh
Ca cho nh thp hn 10 m L / 150
TCVN 7505:2005 L / 240
Ca cho nh cao hn 10 m Khung knh
trong : b ca h thng tiu chun cho qu trnh trin khai d
a - chiu di nhp k hoc kch thc cnh knh; n (thit k, thi cng, th nghim, nghim thu).

L - khong cch thng thy gia 2 gi ; 5. Cng tc thi cng, lp t vch knh

h - chiu cao lan can knh (hoc chiu di congson); Phn ln cc nh thu Vit Nam thi cng, lp t
theo kinh nghim (thng khng theo kp s pht trin
prEN - bn d tho ca European Standard (Chu u);
ca cng ngh, vt liu) m khng c s nghin cu,
UBC - Uniform Building Code (Hoa K);
xut cho ph hp iu kin thc t; hoc gia cng,
SBC - Seattle Building Code (Hoa K); lp t khng ng tng thit k (c bit cc chi
SS - Singapore Standard (Singapore). tit lin kt), gim hiu qu ca sn phm, h vch
Bn cnh cc ch tiu k trn, thng thng h knh, hao ph vt liu cao.
vch knh v vt liu knh xy dng ti Vit Nam cn chnh xc, cht lng h vch knh khng ch
c yu cu th nghim cc ch tiu: quang hc (o ph thuc vo bn thn n m cn b nh hng bi
ti nc ngoi), kh nng chu la, o ng sut b sai s phn th/kt cu chnh, trong khi h vch
mt/cnh, o cch m, bn va p (ti Vit Nam). knh (c bit l vt liu knh) c yu cu kht khe v
Bng 5 cho thy s khc bit gia cc h tiu kch thc khi gia cng, lp t, cc sai s thng
chun khi p dng, trng hp vn dng vo cng phi nh v khng th iu chnh/gia cng li. Do
trnh ti Vit Nam s c mu thun trong vic nh vic kho st, xut gii php trin khai chi tit l ht
gi; ng thi s khng m bo s vn dng ng sc quan trng; bn cnh vt liu knh rt nhy cm

Tp ch KHCN Xy dng - s 3/2015 21


KT CU CNG NGH XY DNG

vi cc tc ng bn ngoi v dn n ri ro, hao ht Vic kim tra, th nghim h vch knh cn gn


vt liu ln. Vt liu knh cht lng cao phi nhp t vi thc t iu kin t nhin, s dng ca Vit Nam;
nc ngoi, trong khi cc dy chuyn gia cng trong cc tiu chun p dng cn ng b, thng nht t
nc cha c u t hin i/ng b, thi gian thit k, th nghim n nh gi. Lu n cc t
nhp khu di do vic chuyn i/iu chnh trong hp ti trng bt li do tnh cht vt liu khc nhau.
qu trnh thi cng thng rt phc tp, tn km. Qua tng hp thnh cc quy trnh, tiu chun p
H vch knh l t hp ca nhiu loi vt liu c dng thng nht trong c nc.
tnh nng k thut, iu kin s dng v lp t khc Cng tc gia cng, lp t v bo tr cn c
nhau; vic kim sot cht lng/sai s trong tng nghin cu, chun ha m bo cht lng h
bc thi cng l rt quan trng. Trong khi tiu vch knh, ng thi c kh nng p dng cc cng
chun, quy nh ring cho h vch knh khng y , ngh mi, hin i vo lnh vc xy dng ni chung
trn thc t ch kim tra, nghim thu theo tiu chun v kt cu/vt liu xy dng ni ring. Thit k cn c
hon thin chung. ch dn k thut thi cng v quy trnh bo tr sa
6. Cng tc bo tr vch knh cha; vic thi cng, nghim thu v vn hnh sau ny
cn tun th cc ch dn k thut ny.
Cc h vch knh ln hin nay mi a vo s
dng Vit Nam, thi gian s dng cha nhiu, cc TI LIU THAM KHO
khuyt tt/xung cp bc l cha ht. Hin nay vic
1. Nguyn Mnh Cng, Hong Lm, Nguyn Hng
bo tr mi dng li cc thao tc n gin nh v
Hi, ng S Ln. (2014), Tnh ton ti trng gi tc
sinh b mt, thay th knh v,. H vch knh bao
dng ln h mt dng knh theo tiu chun Vit Nam,
gm nhiu loi vt liu c tui th khc nhau (thp,
Hoa K v Chu u; Tp ch Khoa hc Cng ngh Xy
nhm, silicon, knh, EPDM,), ngay bn thn vt liu
dng; Vit Nam.
knh ni ring v vt liu chu lc khc ni chung cng
2. Thiu Quang, Trn Chng, Nguyn Hong Dng.
s b xung cp, gim kh nng lm vic/chu lc theo
(2013), Tnh ton vch knh trong cng trnh xy dng
thi gian. Cha c h thng nh gi kh nng lm
ti Vit Nam; Hi ngh khoa hc k nim 50 nm ngy
vic sau thi gian s dng c phng n thay th
thnh lp Vin Khoa hc Cng ngh Xy dng.
cc chi tit cu kin h hng, ht tui th s dng.
3. Beason, W. L., and Morgan, J. R. (1985), "Glass Failure
Vic duy tr kh nng lm vic trong thi gian di ca
Prediction Model," Journal of Structural Engineering,
vch knh, i vi cc cng trnh s dng nhiu vch
Vol 111, No.9, pp.2058-2059.
knh nh hin nay, l ht sc quan trng v i hi c
4. Vallabhan, C.V.G., and Chou, G.D. (1986), "Interactive
nghin cu su hn na.
Nonlinear Analysis of Insulating Glass Units, Journal of
Ti liu bo tr, theo quy nh ca php lut hin Structural Engineering, ASCE, Vol 112, No.6, June, pp.
hnh, cha c chun ha v cung cp y , chi 1313-1326.
tit t pha nh thu thi cng cng nh T vn thit k. 5. http://vtv.vn/video/tai-chinh-kinh-doanh-trua-16-6-2015-
7. Cc nhn xt v kin ngh 80483.htm
Trong thi gian cha c h tiu chun Vit Nam cp 6. http://vov.vn/xa-hoi/dong-loc-chet-nguoi-o-hn-giam-doc-
nht, thng nht th vic tnh ton h vch knh ni trung-tam-du-bao-kttv-tw-noi-gi-407488.vov
chung v knh ni ring khi s dng tiu chun nc 7. http://www.astm.org/Standard/
ngoi cn c vn dng ph hp vi iu kin Vit 8. http://www.bsigroup.com/
Nam vi lu v cc iu kin p dng (k c cc s 9. https://www.cen.eu/Pages/default.aspx
liu iu kin t nhin u vo bt buc), trng thi gii 10. http://www.cityam.com/article/1378091289/exclusive-
hn, ti trng (tn sut lp li, thi gian tc ng). walkie-scorchie-melted-my-jag
11. http://www.din.de/cmd?level=tpl-home&contextid=din
Cn cp nht thng xuyn cc thng tin, tnh
12. http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards.htm
nng ca vt liu tham gia trong h vch knh cung
13. http://www.scc.ca/
cp cho vic tnh ton, m bo s dng vt liu chnh
14. http://www.standards.org.au/Pages/default.aspx
xc, hiu qu. ng thi thit lp, hon thin cc tiu
Ngy nhn bi: 19/8/2015.
chun, quy nh tnh ton h vch knh trong iu kin
Vit Nam (c v t nhin, cng ngh, vt liu, trnh ). Ngy nhn bi sa ln cui: 29/9/2015.

22 Tp ch KHCN Xy dng - s 3/2015


KT CU CNG NGH XY DNG

PHN TCH V NH GI NG X NG CA KT CU VI H GIM


CHN CHT LNG A TN S MTLD S DNG TH NGHIM BN RUNG

TS. NGUYN C TH THU NH, TS. NGUYN HU HNG, GS.TS. NGUYN VIT TRUNG
Trng i hc Giao thng Vn ti

Tm tt: Hiu qu gim dao ng ca h gim cho kt cu. Nhng nghin cu ny t nn tng
chn dng cht lng (TLD) c cp trong mt cho tng nghin cu tin phong cho h gim chn
s nghin cu ti Vit Nam. Nghin cu v s tng cht lng a tn s (MTLD) t song song vo kt cu
tc gia kt cu vi h c nhiu gim chn ln u m khi u l Fujino v Sun (1993).
tin c cp ti Vit Nam trong bi bo ny. Hiu
Hiu qu ca vic gim dao ng cho kt cu khi
qu gim dao ng ca h gim chn cht lng a
s dng h MTLD c khng nh thng qua vic
tn s (MTLD) h c nhiu thng cha cht lng vi
phn tch s khi s dng hm ng x tn s cho h
cc thng c chiu su cht lng khc nhau v
tng tc kt cu MTLD. Cc kt qu phn tch s
do vy c tn s dao ng khc nhau c kho st
ny c so snh i chiu vi kt qu phn tch s
trong nghin cu thng qua th nghim m hnh trn
d liu o c trn m hnh th nghim trn bn rung.
thit b bn rung. Cc kt qu o c trn m hnh th
Kt qu so snh, phn tch ch ra c hiu qu ca
nghim trn bn rung c so snh i chiu vi kt
MTLD so vi h TLD v gi tr hp l ca mt s tham
qu phn tch s khi thit lp hm ng x tn s ca
s ca h MTLD trong iu khin dao ng.
h tng tc kt cu v h MTLD.
2. Gim chn cht lng a tn s (MTLD) v h
T kha: ng lc hc kt cu, ng x ng,
tng tc gia kt cu - MTLD
gim chn cht lng, h gim chn cht lng a tn
s, bn rung 2.1 B gim chn cht lng a tn s MTLD

1. Gii thiu Gim chn cht lng a tn s (MTLD) l thit b


gim chn cht lng (TLD) c s tham gia ca nhiu
Nghin cu v h gim chn cht lng a tn s
thng cha cht lng m mi thng cha cht lng
(MTLD) c thc hin trn c s cc nghin cu
(TLD n) c tn s dao ng ring khc nhau.
u tin i vi gim chn khi lng a tn s
(MTMD) m in hnh l Igusa v Xu (1990) vi Vic to ra tn s dao ng ring cho mi TLD
xut h gm mt s lng hu hn cc gim chn n bng cch iu chnh chiu su cht lng ng
khi lng (TMD) c tn s t nhin phn b theo trong cc thng cha c kch thc nh nhau [1]. C
mt di no xung quanh tn s t nhin c s ca th m t nh sau: mi TLD n c 1 tn s dao
kt cu. Hiu qu ca MTMD c kho st s ng ring f i l tn s vng t t nhin ca thng cht
bi Yamaguchi v Harpornchar (1992), v cc cng lng th i trong b gim chn cht lng a tn s. Vi
thc thit k cho MTMD xut bi Abe v Fujino f 1 l tn s dao ng ca thng cht lng th 1 tn
(1993). Cc nghin cu ny khng nh h nhiu s dao ng ring nh nht trong b gim chn, f N l
TMD t song song l c hiu qu hn mt TMD tn s dao ng ca thng cht lng th N tn s
thng thng khi s dng trong iu khin dao ng dao ng ring ln nht trong b gim chn.

Kt cu

Hnh 1. M hnh kt cu v gim chn cht lng Hnh 2. Di tn s ca mi thng cha cht lng
a tn s (MTLD) trong b gim chn cht lng a tn s MTLD

Tp ch KHCN Xy dng - s 3/2015 23


KT CU CNG NGH XY DNG

Tn s t nhin ca mi TLD n c th hin Tham s cn ca TLD c xc nh theo cng


bi l thuyt tuyn tnh theo Wakahara (1993) [4]. thc ca Fujino (1993) [3]:

1 g h 1 1 h0
fD tanh 0 (1) D 1 (6)
2 2 a 2a h 0 2 f D b
Nh vy tn s ca cc TLD n trong b gim Trong : f D l tn s t nhin ca TLD; h v l
chn to thnh mt di tn s m khi thit k mt tn chiu su cht lng v nht ng ca cht lng.
s trung tm ca h f 0, - tn s trung bnh ca cc tn Chiu di thng cha cht lng L = 2a, chiu rng
s to ra t cc TLD n trong b ly l tn s c thng cha l b, g l gia tc trng trng, v cc k
trng cho thit k. Tn s trung tm ca b gim chn hiu khc mD, D , kD, fD ln lt l khi lng,
cht lng a tn s MTLD c xc nh theo cng tham s cn, cng v tn s dao ng ring ca
thc 2 (theo Fujino 1993 [5]): TLD.
f N f1 2.2 Hm ng x tn s cho m hnh tng tc
fo (2)
2 gia kt cu v MTLD
chnh tn s dao ng gia cc TLD n Phng trnh hm ng x tn s ca h tng
trong MTLD c thit k to h c khong tn s tc gia kt cu v gim chn cht lng a tn s
cn bng vi: (MTLD) c thit lp khi s dng phng trnh Euler
i fi 1 fi f N f1 / N 1 (3) Lagrange trn c s cc gi thit c bn:
- Kt cu l mt bc t do v mi TLD n l mt
B rng di tn s l khong tn s hay hiu ca
bc t do, do vy h lm vic chung gia kt cu v
t s tn s gia t s ca TLD n c tn s dao
TLD l h tuyn tnh vi cc bc t do gim chn t
ng ln nht trn tn s trung tm v t s ca TLD
song song trn bc t do kt cu. Tnh cht phi tuyn
n c tn s nh nht trn tn s trung tm ca h
ca hot ng cht lng trong cc thng TLD c
trong b gim chn MTLD.
chng minh trong nhiu nghin cu l c thay th
f N f1 bng cng v tnh cn mang tnh cht phi tuyn
R (4)
f0 ca h TMD tng ng ca mi TLD n [3].
Trong mt s trng hp tn s dao ng ca b - T s khi lng gia tng khi lng cht lng
gim chn a tn s (MTLD) - tn s trung tm ca h trong cc TLD so vi khi lng hnh thi ca kt cu
c to ra khng nh thit k ban u v cn thit l i 1% (Wakahara, 1993) [4].
c mt tham s iu chnh xt n hiu qu ca h
Ty thuc vo s lng ca cc thng TLD n l
trong cc trng hp ny. H s iu chnh ny l:
khc nhau trong h MTLD c:
f s fo
(5) w1. wi ..wn, hoc
fo
wmin...wi..wmax
m1 m2 mi mn-1 mn m1 m2 mi mn
k1 c1 c2 ki kn cn
k2
ci

Ms Ms

Ks Cs Ks Cs

Hnh 3. M hnh tng tc gia kt cu v MTLD

ws/w (hoc f s/f ) l vct t s ch ra t s gia tn i = w i+1 - wi = const


s ca kt cu v tn s kch ng.
Theo cc phn tch thc nghim trong nghin cu
wi/w (hoc f i/f ) l vct ch ra t s gia tn s
ca Fujino [3,5] v h MTLD, nhm nh gi k hn
ca cc thng TLD n l ca h MTLD v tn s
v s tng tc gia kt cu v MTLD, tc gi tp
kch ng. Tn s trung tm ca cc TLD trong h
trung xy dng phng trnh ng hc cho h lm
MTLD l w0= (wmax + wmin) /2.
vic chung kt cu MTLD khi s dng phng trnh
B rng di tn s R= (wmax wmin) /w0 = 0.2 v
Lagrange:

24 Tp ch KHCN Xy dng - s 3/2015


KT CU CNG NGH XY DNG

Phng trnh vit di dng ma trn:

ms
xs cs ci c1 c2 cn xs

m1 x1 c1 c1 0 x1
m2 c2 0 c2


xi xi
m n 1 cn 1

mn
xn cn cn xn
(7)
ks ki k1 k 2 k n xs Fs

k1 k1 x1 0
k 2 k2

xi 0
k n 1

k n k n xn 0
H(w) c gi l hm ng x tn s phc khng th nguyn ca h MTLD:
F0 1
H 2 f
ks f2
2 2 2 i i 2 1
1 f 2 i f f N fi

fs2 S i
f s f s2 i 1 f 2
f2
(8)
1 2 2 i i 2
fi wi
Hm ng x tn s ny ch ra c ng x ca 3.1 M hnh th nghim v cc d liu u vo c
kt cu khi c gn b gim chn cht lng a tn s bn cho thit lp chng trnh th nghim
m c th l th hin mi quan h gia bin dao M hnh th nghim c la chn l mt ct thp
ng vi t s tn s (t s gia tn s kch ng v t hp hnh ch H. Ct thp c phn tch trong
tn s dao ng ring ca kt cu). S bin i ca chng trnh phn tch kt cu thng mi Midas Civil.
cc tham s trong hm ny s cho ba ng biu Cc mode dao ng, tn s dao ng v bin
din gm ng th ng x ca kt cu khi khng dao ng c ch ra t phn tch trn phn mm
gn TLD, khi gn b gim chn cht lng n tn s c s dng cho vic thit k MTLD. Cc d liu c
(STLD) v khi gn MTLD. s ny l d liu ban u cho vic dng hm ng x
tn s phc thit lp phn tch v nh gi hiu
3. M hnh th nghim v c s thit lp d liu qu gim dao ng ca ct khi c lp t TLD. Sau
so snh, nh gi hiu qu ca b gim chn cht d liu phn tch l thuyt ny c so snh vi
lng a tn s d liu th nghim ct trn bn rung.
M hnh kt cu cho th nghim l kt cu c Kt qu phn tch m hnh ct th nghim trn
lp dng theo t l 1:1 (m hnh tnh ton phn tch v phn mm Midas Civil cho thy:
m hnh th nghim trn cng mt i tng) lm c Bng 1. Kt qu phn tch cc mode dao ng
ca m hnh ct th nghim
s cho vic xy dng d liu th nghim cho nh gi
Tn s dao
[2]. Cc kt qu th nghim c i chiu vi cc d STT ng t nhin T s cn
Mode
liu phn tch l thuyt trn cng m hnh kt cu (Hz)
nhm khng nh hiu qu gim chn ca b thit b 1 Mode 1 3.47 0.005
2 Mode 2 3.94 0.005
gim chn cht lng a tn s MTLD. M hnh kt cu
3 Mode 3 13.27 0.005
ny c tnh ton ph hp vi vic thc hin th 4 Mode 4 28.46 0.005
nghim trn bn rung. Cc kt qu thu c t th 5 Mode 5 83.26 0.005
nghim cho m hnh c so snh nh gi khi phn 6 Mode 6 103.03 0.005
tch l thuyt cho m hnh s dng hm ng x tn s Trong thit k gim chn cht lng nhm kim
thit lp cho h tng tc gia kt cu v MTLD. sot dao ng cho m hnh la chn mode dao ng
in hnh l mode 1 vi tn s dao ng t nhin ca
m hnh kt cu l 3.47Hz.

Tp ch KHCN Xy dng - s 3/2015 25


KT CU CNG NGH XY DNG

Hnh 4. M hnh kt cu ct thp dng ch H cho th nghim

Mode 1-Tn s dao ng l 3.47 Hz Mode 2-Tn s dao ng l 3.94 Hz Mode 3-Tn s dao ng l 13.27 Hz

Mode 4-Tn s dao ng l 28.46 Hz Mode 5-Tn s dao ng l 83.26 Hz Mode 6-Tn s dao ng l 103.03Hz

Hnh 5. Cc mode v tn s dao ng theo cc mode ca m hnh ct kt cu cho th nghim

Do cc vn v sai s ch to, iu kin lin kt kch ng xung quanh gi tr tn s dao ng ring


m hnh kt cu vo bn rung nn vn hiu chnh ca kt cu vi bin i Hilbert [6]. Kt qu phn tch
m hnh kt cu xc nh gi tr thc l ht sc cn c:
thit. Gi tr tn s dao ng ring thc ca m hnh,
- Gi tr tn s dao ng ring ca m hnh kt cu
t s cn thc ca m hnh c th c xc nh
thc l: f = 2.85Hz;
thng qua vic phn tch d liu thu c khi to kch
ng cho bn rung theo hm nh ngha vi tn s - T s cn tnh ton thc l: 0.0018.

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Hnh 6. S h thng iu khin bn rung v m hnh th nghim trn bn rung v cc gim chn
Cc trng hp th nghim c thit lp xy vo m hnh kt cu cho th nghim nm trong di:
dng ng thc nghim lm c s so snh vi 0.8f/fs1.2 vi 9 gi tr tng ng l: f/fs= 0.8; f/fs=
ng phn tch l thuyt kho st ng x ca kt 0.85; f/fs= 0.9; f/fs= 0.95; f/fs= 1; f/fs= 1.05; f/fs= 1.1;
cu chu tc ng kch ng dng iu ha. f/fs= 1.15;f/fs= 1.2 (f s l tn s dao ng ring thc
ca kt cu ly l 2.85Hz). Bin dao ng kch
Tn s cng hng ca m hnh kt cu cho th
ng c to ra sao cho chuyn ng vng t ca
nghim c xc nh nh s dng chc nng c
cht lng khng trong vng xy ra phi tuyn mnh v
sn trong phn mm iu khin bn rung trong phng
ph hp vi gii hn o ca thit b o, do vy chn:
th nghim. Chng trnh ny cho php tm kim tn
A = 0.1cm. Cc trng hp kho st ny u ly b
s cng hng v bin cng hng thng qua mt
rng di tn s R = 0.3.
di cc gi tr tn s kch ng cho bn lc khi c m
hnh kt cu t trn. 3.2 Phn tch kt qu th nghim v so snh vi
d liu phn tch l thuyt khi s dng hm ng
Hm kch ng dng c thit lp l hm dao ng
x tn s cho h tng tc kt cu MTLD
dng iu ha (dng hm sin) v c nh ngha to
kch ng truyn n bn rung dng: y = A sin (w t). Trng hp 0: o dao ng, chuyn v ct m
hnh kt cu cho th nghim khi khng gn thit b TLD.
Cc gi tr tn s kch ng thit lp cho bn rung
c la chn sao cho c gi tr l bng gi tr tn s th vi 2 ng l thuyt (nt lin) v th
dao ng ring ca kt cu (tn s ny xc nh trn nghim (nt t) th hin cho trng hp kt cu
kt cu thc v l gi tr tn s to ra chuyn v cng khng gn gim chn cht lng c dng tng ng
hng vi kt cu) v cc gi tr xung quanh gi tr v gi tr tng i st nhau cho thy vic s dng d
cng hng tin cho vic xy dng ng thc liu tn s dao ng ring ca kt cu thc o c
nghim. Da vo phn tch l thuyt, tn s kch ng l kh ph hp.

Hnh 7. Biu ng x ca kt cu khi khng gn TLD

Trng hp 1: c t ra nhm mc ch kho st ng x ca m hnh kt cu khi lp t b


gim chn cht lng n tn s - STLD. C th:

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Trng hp 1a: o dao ng, chuyn v ct m hnh kt cu cho th nghim khi c lp t 1 thng TLD.
Kt qu phn tch l thuyt v thit k b gim chn lp t cho m hnh th hin trong bng 2:

Bng 2. S liu thit k TLD cho trng hp m hnh kt cu ch c gn 1 thng


Trng lng Tn s dao ng
Kch thc thng Chiu cao cht T s cn
STT Thng TLD nc trong thng t nhin ca thng
LxB (mm) lng (cm)
(kG) (Hz)
1 Thng 1 140x80x80 5.1 0.57 2.85 0.005

Trng hp 1b: o dao ng, chuyn v ct m hnh kt cu cho th nghim khi c lp t 3 thng TLD c
tn s dao ng nh nhau (chiu su cht lng ging nhau - SLTD).
Kt qu phn tch l thuyt v thit k b gim chn lp t cho m hnh th hin trong bng 3:

Bng 3. S liu thit k TLD cho trng hp m hnh kt cu ch c gn 3 thng ging nhau

Trng lng Tn s dao ng


Kch thc thng Chiu cao cht T s cn
STT Thng TLD nc trong thng t nhin ca thng
LxB (mm) lng (cm)
(kG) (Hz)
1 Thng 1 80x60x60 2.3 0.48 2.85 0.009
2 Thng 2 80x60x60 2.3 0.48 2.85 0.009
3 Thng 3 80x60x60 2.3 0.48 2.85 0.009

Kt qu so snh d liu o thu c trong trng hp 1a, 1b trn biu vi ng l thuyt thit lp khi
s dng hm ng x tn s cho thy:

Hnh 8. Hiu qu gim dao ng cho m hnh kt cu th nghim vi 1 thng TLD so snh
vi trng hp 3 thng TLD ging nhau
Dng ng th ca 2 trng hp kt cu khi MTLD. B rng di tn s ly l R=0.3. Chi tit s
lp t 1 thng TLD (1a) v 3 thng TLD c chiu su liu thit k TLD cho trng hp ch c N thng c
cht lng ging nhau (1b) c dng tng ng vi tn s dao ng khc nhau cho m hnh ct th
ng th phn tch l thuyt, tuy nhin khng hon nghim khi s dng hm ng x tn s thit lp
ton trng kht nh theo phn tch l thuyt. L do c th hin t trng hp 2a n 2f:
c d on do sai s ch to thng cha cht lng
Trng hp 2a: o dao ng, chuyn v ct kt
v sai s chiu su cht lng khi vo thng.
cu th nghim khi c lp t 3 thng TLD c tn s
Trng hp 2: Kho st ng x ca m hnh kt dao ng khc nhau (3 thng c chiu su cht lng
cu khi lp t b gim chn cht lng a tn s - khc nhau b MTLD).

Bng 4. S liu thit k TLD cho trng hp m hnh kt cu ch c gn 3 thng - MTLD


Tn s dao
Kch thc Chiu cao Trng lng nc T s cn
TT Thng TLD ng t nhin
thng LxB (mm) cht lng (cm) trong thng (kG)
ca thng (Hz)
1 Thng 1 80x60x60 1.4 0.07 2.423 0.016
2 Thng 2 80x60x60 1.8 0.08 2.850 0.012
3 Thng 3 80x60x60 2.1 0.10 3.278 0.010

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Trng hp 2b: o dao ng, chuyn v ct kt cu th nghim khi c lp t 5 thng TLD c tn s dao
ng khc nhau (5 thng c chiu su cht lng khc nhau).
Bng 5. S liu thit k TLD cho trng hp m hnh kt cu ch c gn 5 thng - MTLD
Trng lng Tn s dao ng
Kch thc thng Chiu cao T s cn
STT Thng TLD nc trong t nhin ca
LxB (mm) cht lng (cm)
thng (kG) thng (Hz)
1 Thng 1 80x60x60 1.4 0.07 2.423 0.016
2 Thng 2 80x60x60 1.6 0.08 2.636 0.014
3 Thng 3 80x60x60 1.8 0.08 2.850 0.012
4 Thng 4 80x60x60 2.0 0.09 3.064 0.011
5 Thng 5 80x60x60 2.1 0.10 3.278 0.010
Trng hp 2c: o dao ng, chuyn v ct kt cu th nghim khi c lp t 7 thng TLD c tn s dao ng
khc nhau (chiu su cht lng ca mi thng trong gim chn cht lng a tn s MTLD l khc).

Chi tit s liu thit k TLD cho trng hp ch c 7 thng c tn s dao ng khc nhau cho m hnh ct
th nghim khi s dng hm ng x tn s thit lp:
Bng 6. S liu thit k TLD cho trng hp m hnh kt cu ch c gn 7 thng - MTLD
Trng lng Tn s dao ng T s cn
Kch thc thng Chiu cao
STT Thng TLD nc trong t nhin ca
LxB (mm) cht lng (cm)
thng (kG) thng (Hz)
1 Thng 1 80x60x60 1.4 0.07 2.423 0.016
2 Thng 2 80x60x60 1.5 0.07 2.565 0.015
3 Thng 3 80x60x60 1.6 0.08 2.708 0.013
4 Thng 4 80x60x60 1.8 0.08 2.850 0.012
5 Thng 5 80x60x60 1.9 0.09 2.993 0.011
6 Thng 6 80x60x60 2.0 0.10 3.135 0.011
7 Thng 7 80x60x60 2.1 0.10 3.278 0.010
Trng hp 2d: o dao ng, chuyn v ct kt cu th nghim khi c lp t 9 thng TLD c tn s dao ng
khc nhau (chiu su cht lng ca mi thng trong gim chn cht lng a tn s MTLD l khc).

Chi tit s liu thit k TLD cho trng hp ch c 9 thng c tn s dao ng khc nhau cho m hnh ct
th nghim khi s dng hm ng x tn s thit lp:
Bng 7. S liu thit k TLD cho trng hp m hnh kt cu ch c gn 9 thng - MTLD
Trng lng Tn s dao ng
Kch thc thng Chiu cao T s cn
STT Thng TLD nc trong t nhin ca
LxB (mm) cht lng (cm)
thng (kG) thng (Hz)
1 Thng 1 80x60x60 1.40 0.07 2.423 0.016
2 Thng 2 80x60x60 1.50 0.07 2.529 0.015
3 Thng 3 80x60x60 1.60 0.08 2.636 0.014
4 Thng 4 80x60x60 1.70 0.08 2.743 0.013
5 Thng 5 80x60x60 1.80 0.08 2.850 0.012
6 Thng 6 80x60x60 1.90 0.09 2.957 0.012
7 Thng 7 80x60x60 1.95 0.09 3.064 0.011
8 Thng 8 80x60x60 2.05 0.10 3.171 0.010
9 Thng 9 80x60x60 2.10 0.10 3.278 0.010

Trng hp 2e: o dao ng, chuyn v ct kt cu th nghim khi c lp t 11 thng TLD c tn s dao
ng khc nhau (chiu su cht lng ca mi thng trong gim chn cht lng a tn s MTLD l khc), b
rng di tn s R=0.3.
Bng 8. S liu thit k TLD cho trng hp m hnh kt cu ch c gn 11 thng - MTLD
Trng lng Tn s dao ng
Kch thc thng Chiu cao T s cn
STT Thng TLD nc trong t nhin ca
LxB (mm) cht lng (cm)
thng (kG) thng (Hz)
1 Thng 1 80x60x60 5.1 0.03373 0.323 0.011
2 Thng 2 80x60x60 5.5 0.03612 0.334 0.010
3 Thng 3 80x60x60 5.9 0.03858 0.346 0.009
4 Thng 4 80x60x60 6.2 0.04111 0.357 0.008
5 Thng 5 80x60x60 6.6 0.04371 0.369 0.008

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Trng lng Tn s dao ng


Kch thc thng Chiu cao T s cn
STT Thng TLD nc trong t nhin ca
LxB (mm) cht lng (cm)
thng (kG) thng (Hz)
6 Thng 6 80x60x60 7.0 0.04639 0.380 0.007
7 Thng 7 80x60x60 7.4 0.04913 0.391 0.007
8 Thng 8 80x60x60 7.9 0.05194 0.403 0.006
9 Thng 9 80x60x60 8.3 0.05481 0.414 0.006
10 Thng 10 80x60x60 8.8 0.05775 0.426 0.006
11 Thng 11 80x60x60 9.2 0.06075 0.437 0.005
Trng hp 2f: o dao ng, chuyn v ct kt cu th nghim khi c lp t 15 thng TLD c tn s dao
ng khc nhau (chiu su cht lng ca mi thng trong gim chn cht lng a tn s MTLD l khc), b
rng di tn s R=0.3.
Bng 9. S liu thit k TLD cho trng hp m hnh kt cu ch c gn 15 thng - MTLD
Trng lng Tn s dao ng
Kch thc thng Chiu cao T s cn
STT Thng TLD nc trong t nhin ca
LxB (mm) cht lng (cm)
thng (kG) thng (Hz)
1 Thng 1 80x60x60 5.1 0.03373 0.323 0.011
2 Thng 2 80x60x60 5.4 0.03543 0.331 0.010
3 Thng 3 80x60x60 5.6 0.03716 0.339 0.009
4 Thng 4 80x60x60 5.9 0.03893 0.347 0.009
5 Thng 5 80x60x60 6.2 0.04074 0.356 0.008
6 Thng 6 80x60x60 6.5 0.04259 0.364 0.008
7 Thng 7 80x60x60 6.7 0.04447 0.372 0.008
8 Thng 8 80x60x60 7.0 0.04639 0.380 0.007
9 Thng 9 80x60x60 7.3 0.04834 0.388 0.007
10 Thng 10 80x60x60 7.6 0.05033 0.396 0.007
11 Thng 11 80x60x60 7.9 0.05235 0.404 0.006
12 Thng 12 80x60x60 8.2 0.05440 0.413 0.006
13 Thng 13 80x60x60 8.6 0.05648 0.421 0.006
14 Thng 14 80x60x60 8.9 0.05860 0.429 0.006
15 Thng 15 80x60x60 9.2 0.06075 0.437 0.005

Kt qu so snh d liu o thu c trong tng trng hp t 2a n 2f trn biu so snh vi ng l


thuyt thit lp khi s dng hm ng x tn s cho thy:

TH 2a: Hiu qu gim dao ng cho m TH 2b: hiu qu gim dao ng cho TH 2c: Hiu qu gim dao ng cho
hnh kt cu th nghim vi 3 thng TLD m hnh kt cu th nghim vi 5 thng m hnh kt cu th nghim vi
c tn s dao ng khc nhau, R=0.3 TLD (tn s dao ng ca mi thng 7 thng TLD c tn s dao ng
khc nhau), R=0.3 khc nhau, R=0.3

TH 2d: hiu qu gim dao ng cho m TH 2e: Hiu qu gim dao ng cho TH 2f: hiu qu gim dao ng cho
hnh kt cu th nghim vi 9 thng TLD m hnh kt cu th nghim vi m hnh kt cu th nghim vi
(tn s dao ng ca mi thng 11 thng TLD c tn s dao ng 15 thng TLD (tn s dao ng ca
khc nhau), R=0.3 khc nhau, R=0.3 mi thng khc nhau), R=0.3
Hnh 9. th kho st nh hng ca s lng thng cha n hiu qu gim dao ng

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KT CU CNG NGH XY DNG

th kho st nh hng ca s lng thng Trng hp 3: Kho st nh hng ca b rng


TLD trong MTLD n hiu qu gim dao ng cho di tn s ca b gim chn cht lng a tn s
thy kh ph hp v dng so vi ng th phn
(MTLD) n hiu qu gim dao ng cho m hnh kt
tch l thuyt. ng x ca kt cu ti v tr t s tn s
cu.
bng v xp x bng 1, so snh gia l thuyt v thc
nghim l kh gn nhau, cng xa gi tr t s tn s Chi tit s liu thit k TLD cho trng hp thay
bng 1 (thi im xy ra cng hng) cc gi tr c i b rng di tn s R kho st cho trng hp
xu hng khc bit nhiu hn. ng vi s lng
ca s lng thng cha hp l xc nh trong
thng cha cht lng ca b gim chn cht lng a
trng hp 2, N=3 nh sau:
tn s cho thit k nm trong khong t N = 5-15
thng th hiu qu ca b gim chn cht lng a tn Trng hp 3a: o dao ng, chuyn v ct kt cu
s MTLD l kh tt, nm ngoi khong ny, khi s th nghim khi c 3 thng gim chn cht lng TLD
thng nh hn hoc tng ln na th kt qu cho thy
khc nhau (3 thng c lng cht lng khc
hiu qu gim dao ng ca b gim chn l gim v
nhau), b rng di tn s thay i so vi trng hp
thm ch khng cn hiu qu trong vic gim dao
ng cho m hnh kt cu. 2a, ly l R=0.2.

Bng 10. S liu thit k TLD cho trng hp m hnh kt cu vi b rng di tn s R=0.2 MTLD
Trng lng Tn s dao
Kch thc thng Chiu cao cht T s cn
STT Thng TLD nc trong ng t nhin
LxB (mm) lng (cm)
thng (kG) ca thng (Hz)
1 Thng 1 80x60x60 1.5 0.07 2.565 0.015
2 Thng 2 80x60x60 1.8 0.08 2.850 0.012
3 Thng 3 80x60x60 2.0 0.10 3.135 0.011

Trng hp 3b: o dao ng, chuyn v ct kt cu th nghim khi c 3 thng gim chn cht lng TLD
khc nhau (3 thng c lng cht lng khc nhau), b rng di tn s thay i so vi trng hp 2a, ly
l R=0.1.
Bng 11. S liu thit k TLD cho trng hp m hnh kt cu vi b rng di tn s R=0.1 - MTLD
Trng lng Tn s dao
Kch thc thng Chiu cao cht T s cn
STT Thng TLD nc trong ng t nhin
LxB (mm) lng (cm)
thng (kG) ca thng (Hz)
1 Thng 1 80x60x60 1.6 0.08 2.708 0.013
2 Thng 2 80x60x60 1.8 0.08 2.850 0.012
3 Thng 3 80x60x60 1.9 0.09 2.993 0.011

Kt qu so snh d liu o thu c trong trng hp 3a, 3b trn biu c so snh vi ng l


thuyt thit lp khi s dng hm ng x tn s cho thy:

TH 3a: Hiu qu gim dao ng cho m hnh kt cu th TH 3b: hiu qu gim dao ng cho m hnh th
nghim vi 3 thng TLD c tn s dao ng khc nhau, nghim vi 3 thng TLD (tn s dao ng ca mi
R=0.2 thng khc nhau), R=0.1
Hnh 10. th kho st nh hng ca b rng di tn s n hiu qu gim dao ng

Khi b rng di tn s thay i, d liu th nghim TLD n trong b gim chn cht lng a tn s
th hin kh nhy cm vi s thay i ny. ng MTLD l ln v b rng di tn s l nh (R =
thc nghim, ng l thuyt l ng dng. So snh 0.1), chnh tn s gia cc TLD n l nh th hiu
vi trng hp 2a cho thy: khi vi s lng thng qu gim dao ng ca MTLD l tng t nh SLTD.

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Mt khc, khi s lng ca cc TLD n l nh v b vi tn s dao ng ring ca kt cu to ra hiu


rng di tn s l ln (R = 0.3) th hiu qu ca qu tt nht. Khi kho st nh hng ca t s gia
MTLD l tt hn ca h SLTD. Do vy, hiu qu ca gi tr tn s trung tm ca gim chn cht lng a
h MTLD ch c th t c tt nht ng vi gi tr tn s MTLD v tn s dao ng ring ca kt cu
nht nh no ca s lng TLD n v b rng khng bng 1 n hiu qu gim dao ng cho kt
di tn s ph hp. Gi tr kho st kin ngh l b cu vi s lng thng cha cht lng N = 7 TLD.
rng di tn s l 0.2 - 0.3 v chnh tn s gia
Trng hp 4a: o dao ng, chuyn v ct kt
cc thng TLD n l l = 0.01 - 0.02.
cu th nghim khi c 7 thng TLD (khc nhau), b
Trng hp 4: Kho st nh hng ca vic rng di tn s R = 0.3 v t s gia tn s trung
thit k gim chn cht lng a tn s MTLD n hiu tm ca gim chn cht lng MTLD v tn s dao
qu gim dao ng cho kt cu.
ng ring ca kt cu f/fs = 0.95.
Thng thng gim chn cht lng c thit k
to ra c tn s dao ng ring bng v gi tr

Bng 12. S liu thit k TLD cho trng hp m hnh kt cu vi f/fs =0.95 - MTLD
Trng lng Tn s dao ng
Kch thc thng Chiu cao T s cn
STT Thng TLD nc trong t nhin ca
LxB (mm) cht lng (cm)
thng (kG) thng (Hz)
1 Thng 1 80x60x60 1.3 0.06 2.301 0.018
2 Thng 2 80x60x60 1.4 0.07 2.437 0.016
3 Thng 3 80x60x60 1.5 0.07 2.572 0.015
4 Thng 4 80x60x60 1.6 0.08 2.708 0.013
5 Thng 5 80x60x60 1.8 0.08 2.843 0.012
6 Thng 6 80x60x60 1.9 0.09 2.978 0.011
7 Thng 7 80x60x60 2.0 0.10 3.114 0.011

Trng hp 4b: o dao ng, chuyn v ct kt cu th nghim khi c 7 thng TLD (khc nhau), b rng di
tn s R=0.3 v t s gia tn s trung tm ca gim chn cht lng a tn s MTLD v tn s dao ng
ring ca kt cu f/fs =1.05.
Bng 13. S liu thit k TLD cho trng hp m hnh kt cu vi f/fs =1.05 - MTLD
Trng lng Tn s dao ng
Kch thc thng Chiu cao T s cn
STT Thng TLD nc trong t nhin ca
LxB (mm) cht lng (cm)
thng (kG) thng (Hz)
1 Thng 1 80x60x60 1.5 0.07 2.544 0.015
2 Thng 2 80x60x60 1.6 0.08 2.693 0.013
3 Thng 3 80x60x60 1.8 0.08 2.843 0.012
4 Thng 4 80x60x60 1.9 0.09 2.993 0.011
5 Thng 5 80x60x60 2.0 0.10 3.142 0.011
6 Thng 6 80x60x60 2.1 0.10 3.292 0.010
7 Thng 7 80x60x60 2.3 0.11 3.441 0.009

TH 4a: Hiu qu gim dao ng cho m hnh kt cu TH 4b: hiu qu gim dao ng cho m hnh th nghim vi 7
th nghim vi 7 thng TLD (tn s dao ng ca mi thng TLD (tn s dao ng ca mi thng khc nhau, R=0.3,
thng khc nhau, R=0.3, f/fs=0.95 f/fs=1.05
Hnh 10. Kho st nh hng ca t s gia tn s trung tm ca MTLD v tn s dao ng ring

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Khi t s gia tn s kch ng vi tn s dao gim chn l N = 5-11 v chnh tn s gia cc thng
ng ring ca kt cu khng bng mt, dng ca l l = 0.01 - 0.02 (b rng di tn s R = 0.2-0.3).
ng th th nghim v l thuyt l kh ph hp
TI LIU THAM KHO
ng th thc nghim th hin kh nhy cm vi
s thay i ny. 1. L.M. SUN, Y. FUJINO, B.M. PACHECO, P.
CHAISERI. (1992), Modeling of Tuned Liquid
4. Kt lun
Damper (TLD), Journal of Wind Engineering and
- Hiu qu ca MTLD l tt hn SLTD khi s dng Industrial Aerodynamics, (41-44), pp. 1883-1894.
nhiu thng TLD vi chiu su cht lng khc nhau
2. HARRY G. HARRIS v GAJANAN M. SABNIS.
hay tn s dao ng ring khc nhau (h MTLD c 1
(1999), Model and experimental techniques,
tn s trung tm trong di tn s tnh ton thit k ca
Second edition printed in USA.
cc TLD);
3. L.M. SUN, Y. FUJINO, P. CHAISERI, B.M.
- Tng quan gia t s tn s v chuyn v (theo
PACHECO. (1995), Properties of tuned liquid
tn s) l ph hp v qui lut vi kt qu l thuyt
dampers using a TMD analogy, Earthquake
phn tch cho m hnh ct th nghim;
Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 24 (7),
- ng cong ng x ca MTLD l kh phng, pp. 967-976.
iu ny ch ra rng ng x ca kt cu c kh nng
4. TOSHIHIRO WAKAHARA. (1993), Wind-induced
p ng trn mt di rng tn s v MTLD c tnh cn
response of TLD-structure coupled system
cao hn so vi SLTD. S bng phng ny l do s
considering nonlinearity of liquid motion, Shimizu
khc bit pha nh trong khong chuyn ng ca cht
Technology Research Bulletin, (12).
lng trong mi TLD ca gim chn cht lng a tn s
MTLD; 5. Y.FUJINO, L.M.SUN. (1993), Vibration Control by
Multiple Tuned Liquid Dampers (MTLDs), Journal
- Do hn ch v kinh nghim th nghim nn
of Structural Engineering, Vol. 119 (12), pp. 3482-
ng thc nghim xy dng sai s kh ln so vi
3500.
ng l thuyt. Tuy nhin sai s vn nm trong gii
hn cho php l t 7-11% (<15%) l c th chp nhn 6. NGUYN HU HNG, NGUYN C TH THU
c. NH. (2013), "Xc nh tham s thc t ca cng
trnh cu thng qua kt qu phn ng ng lc
Phn tch s hm ng x tn s thit lp
hc", Hi tho "40 nm hp tc Vit Nam - Nht
xc nh c nh hng ca cc tham s n hiu
Bn trong xy dng: Thnh tu v c hi ", H
qu gim chn nh: s lng thng TLD N, b rng
Ni, 8 & 9 /11/ 2013; ISBN: 978-604-82-0053-4.
di tn s R, v t s tn s kch ng v tn s dao
ng ring ca kt cu. c bit xut c s Ngy nhn bi: 03/5/2015.
lng thng TLD trong h MTLD hp l cho thit k Ngy nhn bi sa ln cui: 22/9/2015.

Tp ch KHCN Xy dng - s 3/2015 33

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