Statistic In Our

Daily Life
PROJECT WORK FOR ADDITIONAL
MATHEMATICS 2010
Name:
Class:
Ic Number:
School:
Advisor:
Introduction
We students taking Additional Mathematics are required to carry out a
project
work while we are in Form 5.This year the Curriculum Development
Division,
Ministry of Education has prepared four tasks for us.We are to choose
and
complete only ONE task based on our area of interest.This project can
be done in
groups or individually,but each of us are expected to submit an
individually written
report.Upon completion of the Additional Mathematics Project Work,we
are to
gain valuable experiences and able to:
y

Apply and adapt a variety of problem solving strategies to solve routine

and non-routine problems;
y

Experience classroom environments which are challenging, interesting and

meaningful and hence improve their thinking skills.
y

Experience classroom environments where knowledge and skills are

applied in meaningful ways in solving real -life problems
y

Experience classroom environments where expressing ones

mathematical
thinking,reasoning and communication are highly encouraged and
expected
y

Experience classroom environments that stimulates and enhances effective

learning.
y

Acquire effective mathematical communication through oral and

writing,and to use the language of mathematics to express
mathematical
ideas correctly and precisely
y

Enhance acquisition of mathemat ical knowledge and skills through

problem-solving in ways that increase interest and confidence
y

Prepare ourselves for the demand of our future undertakings and in

workplace
y

Realise that mathematics is an important and powerful tool in solving real -

life problems and hence develop positive attitude towards mathematics.
y

Train ourselves not only to be independent learners but also to

collaborate, to cooperate, and to share knowledge in an engaging and
healthy environment
y

Use technology especially the ICT approp riately and effectively

y

Train ourselves to appreciate the intrinsic values of mathematics and to

become more creative and innovative
y

Realize the importance and the beauty of mathematics

We are expected to submit the project work within three weeks from th
e first
day the task is being administered to us.Failure to submit the written
report
will result in us not receiving certificate.
Appreciation
Alhamdullilah, thank you to Allah for giving the will to do
my additional mathematics project. Secondly, I would like to
thank the principle of Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Telok
Panglima Garang, Tuan Haji Nordin bin Saad for giving the
permission to do my Additional Mathematics Project Work. I
also like to thank my Additional Mathematics teacher,
MissRojita for the guide and giving useful and important
information for me to complete this project work. Besides
that, I would like to thank my parents for their support and
encouragement. Lastly, a special thanks to all my friends for
their help and cooperation in searching for information and
completing this project work.
History of statistic
By the 18th century, the term "statistics" designated the
systematic
collection of demographic and economic data by states. In
the
early 19th century, the meaning of "statistics" broadened,
then
including the discipline concerned with the collection,
summary, and
analysis of data. Today statistics is widely employed in
government,
business, and all the sciences. Electronic computers have
expedited statistical computation, and have allowed
statisticians to
develop "computer-intensive" methods.
The term "mathematical statistics" designates the
mathematical
theories of probability and statistical inference, which are
used
in statistical practice. The relation between statistics and
probability
theory developed rather late, however. In the 19th century,
statistics
increasingly used probability theory, whose initial results
were found in
the17th and 18th centuries, particularly in the analysis of
games of
chance (gambling). By 1800, astronomy used probability
models and
statistical theories, particularly the method of least squares,
which
was invented by Legendre and Gauss. Early probability
theory and
statistics was systematized and extended by Laplace;
following
Laplace, probability and statistics have been in continual
development. In the 19th century, social scientists used
statistical
reasoning and probability models to advance the new
sciences
of experimental psychology and sociology; physical scientists
used
statistical reasoning and probability models to advance the
new
sciences of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. The
development of statistical reasoning was closely associated
with the
development of inductive logic and the scientific method.
Statistics is not a field of mathematics but an
autonomous mathematical science, like computer science or
operations research. Unlike mathematics, statistics had its
origins
in public administration and maintains a special concern
with demography and economics. Being concerned with the
scientific
method and inductive logic, statistical theory has close
association
with the philosophy of science; with its emphasis on learning
from data
and making best predictions, statistics has great overlap with
the decision science and microeconomics. With its concerns
with data,
statistics has overlap with information science and computer
science.
Statistic today
During the 20th century, the creation of precise instruments
for agricultural research, public health concerns
(epidemiology, biostatistics, etc.), industrial quality control,
and
economic and social purposes (unemployment rate,
econometry, etc.)
necessitated substantial advances in statistical practices.
Today the use of statistics has broadened far beyond its
origins.
Individuals and organizations use statistics to understand
data and
make informed decisions throughout the natural and social
sciences,
medicine, business, and other areas.
Statistics is generally regarded not as a subfield of
mathematics but
rather as a distinct, albeit allied, field. Many universities
maintain
separate mathematics and statistics departments. Statistics is
also
taught in departments as diverse as psychology, education,
and public
health
Part 1
The prices of goods sold in shops very from one shop to
another.
Shoppers tend to buy goods which are not only reasonably
priced but
also give value for their money.
You are required to carry out a survey on four different items
based on
the following categories i.e. food, detergent and stationery.
The
survey should be done in three different shops.
a)Collect pictures, newspaper cuttings or photos on items that you
have chosen. Design a collage to illustrate the chosen item
Answer:
Food

Detergent

Stationary
Question
(b)Record the items and their prices systematically as in
Table 1.Since
items maybe differently packed,be sure to use consistent
measurements for each item selected so that comparison
can be done
easily and accurately