BEAM-COLUMNS

Distinguishing between small axial demand and large axial demand

Why are formulas different than simple fractions?

Capacity is not governed by point demand.
Assuming it is- is quite conservative.
Second order effects

First order analysis-M=f(w,x,L) - not a function of ,

-Forces, moments, deflection based on undeformed geometry
Second order analysis-M includes ,
-Equilibrium in deformed geometry
 Moment demand is a function of initial and
deformed geometry

Effects that are a function of deformed

geometry are 2nd order effects-Require
incremental solution and for beam-columns,
they amplify the moment demand.
 For frames steel structures we generally consider two types
of moment amplification / 2nd order effects
i) 2nd order moment=P; Small P or no translation moment amplification

ii) 2nd order moment=P ; Large P or drift, or lateral translation moment

amplification

i) ii)

So in general moment demand=sum of amplified moments in

the no translation case and the lateral translation case
 P- Moment Amplification
Consider a column with imperfection yo and deflection y
 Braced vs. Unbraced Frames

Mr=required moment strength=Mu for LRFD

Mnt= maximum moment assuming no sidesway
Mlt= maximum moment caused by sidesway
B1= amplification factor for the moments occuring
in the member when it is braced against sidesway (P- moments)
B2= amplification factor for the moments resulting from sidesway (P-
moments)
 Members in Braced Frames-P- Moment Amplification
In the previous example for P- Moment Amplification, the maximum moment for both
first and second order effects were at the same point in the beam.
But this is not always the case, hence, B1 needs to take this into account.

Single curvature
Double curvature
P Moment Amplification
DESIGN OF BEAM-COLUMNS
BEAM-COLUMNS (Contd)

P Moment Amplification
Design of beam-columns
Examples
P Moment Amplification
DESIGN OF BEAM-COLUMNS
 Check member design
Beam-column under service loads
Laterally braced at ends
X-axis bending
Kx=Ky=1.0
DEMAND
DEMAND
DEMAND
 CAPACITY
Column Beam
CAPACITY
Check member compliance with AISC
Analysis results for the controlling factored load combination

Ky=1
 DEMAND
Beam, x-axis
 DEMAND
Column Beam, y-axis
 CAPACITY
Beam, x-axis
 CAPACITY
Beam, y-axis
 CAPACITY
Beam-column interaction column
CHECK DESIGN
Column in unbraced frame,
Strong axis bending; Kx=Ky=1.0
Select a W shape
Member part of a braced frame
Strong axis bending
Kx, Ky=1; Lateral support at the ends; Assume B1=1
 Single-story, unbraced frame
Subjected to dead load, roof live load, and wind load
A992 steel
Strong axis bending; each column laterally braced at top and bottom
Select a W12 shape for the columns
Design for a drift index of 1/400 based on service wind load
 First order analyses

All vertical loads are symmetrically placed-contributing only to the Mnt moments
Lateral load results in Mlt moment