ATTACHMENT

CONTOH PERHITUNGAN
IMPRESSED CURRENT CATHODIC PROTECTION ( ICCP ) SYSTEM

CALCULATION METHOD

Impressed current system will be applied on Onshore and Offshore section of

the structures.

Surface Area to be protected

1. Round Piles
A = 2 r x L = x OD x L

Where:

A= surface area to be protected ( m2 )

r = pile outside radius ( m )
OD = pile outside diameter ( m )
L = pile length ( m )
= 3.14159

2. Other Shape Piles or Structure Member

A= perimeter length x L

Protective Current Requirement

The individual protective current required by each pile is calculated according

to the following formula:

Ir = A x Id

Where:

Ir = Required protective current by individual pile ( mA )

A = Area of pile to be protected ( m2 )
Id = Protective current density ( mA/m2 ), as per Table 2.

The total required protective current is the sum of individual pile protective
current, as below:

It = I r

Then the total protective current required including Nominal Current (NC) is:
It = It x NC

NC= Nominal Current as per para 4.9 above ( = 1.25 )

Required Number of Anode

The applied cathodic protection system on this walkway/pipe support is ICCP

using prepacked Ferro/Silicon/Chromium anodes and Mixed Metal Oxide
anodes for the offshore structures.

Total number of anode required is:

N1 = It / Io

Where :

N1 = Number of anode required ( unit )

It = Total current required including nominal current ( A )
Io = Anode current output ( A )

The Weight of Anode

The total weight of Ferro/Silicon/Chromium anode required is calculated by

the formula :

Wt = It x Lf x Cr/Ut

Where :

Wt = Total weight of anode required ( kg )

It = Total protective current required ( A )
Lf = Cathodic protection design life time ( years )
Cr = Anode consumption rate ( kg / A - years )
Ut = Utilization factor

Since the wear rate of Mixed Metal Oxide (MMO) is extremely low, the anode
weight calculation is to be neglected
Anodes Installation

The Tubular MMO Anodes

One tubular MMO anode size dia 25 mm and 500 mm long will be mounted
on a concrete sledge, distributed within the platform piles and laid on the
bottom floor of the water.

The electric current discharged by anodes from this 5 m distance shall cause
a positive change in the potential of water to the steel pile. The magnitude of
this change could be calculated by this formula:

xI
V
2d

Where:
V = change of potential (Volt)
= water resistivity = 35 ohm cm
I = anode max output current = 15 amp
d = distance = 500 cm

35ohmcmx15amp
V 0.167Volt
2 xx500cm

In a practical installation the positive change of 0.167 V would be a negligible

swing (please refer to Cathodic Protection J. Morgan, page 109, copy
attached)

The Prepacked Fe/Si/Cr Anodes

The prepacked anodes will be installed and distributed around the

walkway/pipe support piles for better current distribution and buried vertically
at 5 meter depth.

DC Circuit Resistance

The total DC circuit resistance of the ICCP system is the sum of two
components below:

Resistance of total number of anodes relative to soil

The DC cable resistance
Resistance of Single Vertical Anode

Modified Dwight equation has been used to calculate the resistance of single
vertical anode to electrolyte ( soil ) as follows :

8L
RV x In 1
2L D

Where :

RV = Resistance of one vertical anode to electrolyte ( soil ) ( ohm )

= Resistivity of water ( ohm-cm )
L = Length of prepacked Fe/Si/Cr anode ( cm )
D = Diameter of prepacked Fe/Si/Cr anode ( cm )

Resistance of Multiple Vertical Anodes in Parallel

This will be used to calculate multiple prepacked Ferro/Silicon/Chromium

anodes in parallel in onshore area

8L 2L
Rn ln 1 ln 0.656 N
2NL d s

Where:
Rn = resistance of multiple vertical anodes to remote earth ( ohms )
= soil resistivity ( ohm-cm )
L = length of anode ( cm )
d = diameter of anode ( cm )
s = anode spacing ( cm )
N = number of anodes

Note that this equation is just Dwights equation divided by N with the
crowding correction factor added

Resistance of single horizontal anode

This will be used to calculate single (individual) horizontal MMO anode
installed on concrete sledge

4 L2 4 L S 2 L2
S S 2 L2
RH x ln 1
2L DS
L L

 Where:
RH = Resistance of one horizontal anode to electrolyte in ohm
= resistivity of the electrolyte in ohm cm
L = length of MMO anode in cm
D = diameter of MMO anode in cm
S = twice depth of anode in cm

Note:
MMO anodes proposed to be installed individually on selected location
around the piles, therefore interference factor is not considered

DC Cable Resistance

Different sizes of XLPE/PVC armoured cable shall be used for main

distribution cable both positive and negative to balance the circuit, 1c x 16
sq.mm Kynar/HMWPE non armoured for Fe/Si/Cr anode cable tail and 1c x
16 sq.mm Kynar/HMWPE non armoured for MMO anode .

The individual Fe/Si/Cr anode cable tail will be connected to the respective
anode Junction Boxes. From Anode Junction Boxes (AJB), the XLPE/PVC
cables will be connected to Main Anode Junction Box and than terminated to
Transformer Rectifier.

The individual MMO anode cable tail will be connected directly to Anode
Junction Box (AJB). From Anode Junction Box the XLPE/PVC cables will be
connected to Transformer Rectifier.

Parameters of cable to be utilized are as follow:

Cable Size Current Rating Specific Resistance (Re)

( Ampere, 30C ) ( ohm / meter, 20C )
25 mm2 173 0.000688
35 mm2 212 0.000492
50 mm2 258 0.000344
70 mm2 328 0.000246
95 mm2 404 0.000181
The resistance of cable in accordance with the temperature rise is calculated
with the following formula:

R 2 = R 1 + ( T 2 T1 )

Where :

R2 = Resistance at T2 ( ohm / m )
R1 = Resistance at T1 ( ohm / m )
T2 = Operating temperature of cable ( C )
T1 = Temperature ambient of cable ( C )
=Temperature coefficient of cooper ( = 0.00393/C )

The resistance of cable at 20C can be calculated as follow:

RC1 = LC x R1

Total DC Circuit Resistance

The total DC circuit resistance is:

Rt = RHT + R2

The Rectifier DC Voltage Rating

The rectifier DC voltage rating required to supply the required protective

current is calculated by following formula:

Et = ( It x Rt ) + Bemf

Where :

Et = Rectifier DC output voltage requirement ( V )

It = Total current delivered by rectifier ( A )
Rt = Total DC resistance ( ohm )
Bemf = Back emf ( = 2.0 V ), as normal practice to anticipate voltage
difference between cathode potential and anode potential in
impressed current ground beds
AC Power Requirement for The Rectifier

The AC current requirement from the ac power input at 400 V, three phase, 50
Hz can be calculated using the following formula:

E dc I dc
Iac =
E ac 3

Where :

Iac =AC input current ( A )

Eac =AC input voltage, three phase voltage ( V )
Idc =DC current output ( A )
Edc =DC output voltage ( V )
= Transformer rectifier efficiency ( % )

The transformer rectifier capacity required is:

PAC = 3 . IAC . EAC ( VA )