New species and new combinations in

Peruvian Orchidaceae

DAVID E. BENNETT, JR. AND ERIC A . CHRISTENSON ~

Bennett, David E., Jr. (Francisco Tudela Varela 229 Miraflores, Lima 18, Peru)
and Eric A. Christenson (The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458-
5126, U.S.A.). New species and new combinations in Peruvian Orchidaceae.
Brittonia 46: 24-53. 1994.--seventeen new species and combinations are pro-
posed in the genera Chondrorhyncha, Cischweinfia, Cochlioda, Eloyella, Encyclia,
Kefersteinia, Koellensteinia, Macroclinium, Rodriguezia, Solenidiopsis, and Sten-
ia. All new species are illustrated. A key is provided for 2-flowered species of
Macroclinium, Peruvian Sigmatostalix, and Peruvian Stenia. Solenidium (Solen-
idiopsis) peruvianum Schltr. is lectotypified.
Key words: Peru, Orchidaceae, Chondrorhyncha, Cischweinfia, Cochlioda, Eloy-
ella, Encyclia, Kefersteinia, Koellensteinia, Macroclinium, Rodriguezia, Sigma-
tostalix, Solenidiopsis, Stenia.

This article continues the systematic cat- Caespitose, acaulous epiphytes to 21 cm

aloging, description, and illustration of or-
chid species from Peru (Bennett, 1992, 1993;
Bennett & Fernandez, 1992; Dodson &
Bennett, 1989).
The plants studied for this article were
collected by a number of collectors and then
flowered under cultivation in Lima, Peru,
in the garden o f the senior author. Reported
phenology is based on field knowledge com-
bined with data from cultivation.
Chondrorhyncha Lindl.
Chondrorhyncha plicata D. E. Benn. &
Christenson, sp. nov. (Fig. I)
TYPE: PERU. JUMN: Kivinaki, N margin
o f Ri6 Peren6, 1700 m, 26 Mar 1992, O.
del Castillo s.n. ex D. Bennett 5507
(HOLOTYPE: USM).
Species haec Chondrorhynchae viridisepalae Senghas
similis sed labello plicato, callo biporcato et foliis an-
gustis differt.
Current address for reprint requests: 1646 Oak St.,
Sarasota, FL 34236, U.S.A.
tall, producing fan-shaped growths. Leaves
5-6, lanceolate, long acuminate, condupli-
cate at the base, midvein carinate, 15-21
1.5-1.9 cm, dark green, stiff, articulated to
imbricating sheaths. Inflorescences lax ax-
illary scapes. Flowers campanulate with
spreading lateral sepals, pale greenish-white,
the labellum cream-white with lavender and
yellow markings, the column and anther
cream-white, the pollinia yellow. Dorsal se-
pal oblong, acute, concave, 1.8 x 0.8 cm.
Lateralsepals lanceolate, subacute, strongly
concave, divergent, 2.6 x 0.7 cm. Petals
o b o v a t e - s p a t u l a t e , m u c r o n u l a t e , distal
margins lightly pleated, 2.3 x 0.8 cm,
obliquely adnate to column foot. Labellum
unlobed, tubular, 2.4 x 1.8 cm, the outer
1/3 constricted and transversely thickened,
verrucose across the middle, apex recurved,
margins with many pleats, the callus of two
elongate low, broad ribs, converging, thick-
er and free at the oblique tips. Column ar-
cuate, clavate, fleshy, 1.75 x 0.6 cm, ventral
surface covered with long verrucose pro-
cesses. Pollinaria to 4.5 m m long, the pol-
linia 4 in 2 very unequal pairs, the larger
3.5 x 1.1 mm, the smaller 2.1 x 0.9 mm,
on a small ovate stipe and elliptic viscid-

Brittonia, 46(1), 1994, pp. 24-53. ISSUED: 29 March 1994

9 1994, by The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458-5126
1994] BENNETT & CHRISTENSON: PERUVIAN ORCHIDACEAE 25

FIG. 1. Chondrorhyncha plicata (drawn from Bennett 5507). A. Plant in flower. B. Flower in profile. C.
Labellum and column in profile. D. Labellum from above. E. Column from the side with close-up of surface
texture. F. Column from below. G. Floral dissection with close-ups of apices. H. Anther cap. I. Pollinarium.
26 BRITTONIA [VOL. 46

ium. Ovary and pedicel to 1.1 cm long, sub- margins revolute, 1.35 x 1.68 cm, the disc
tended by an ovate, acuminate floral bract with a low oblong thickening near the base.
to 0.5 cm long. Column elongate, somewhat dorsoventrally
Etymology: From the Latin plicatus, complanate, 9 x 3 mm, the hooded clinan-
meaning pleated, in reference to the pleated drium continuous with lateral column wings,
mid-lobe of the labellum. the stigma bilobed, sparsely hispid laterally.
Habitat: Wet montane forest. Flowering Anther operculum globose, sparsely tuber-
in the spring months of October to Novem- culate-spiculate, narrowly cuneate below, 2.5
ber. x 1.5 mm, pollinarium 3.5 m m long, pol-
linia 2, the stipe triangular-spatulate, the
PARATYPE:PERU.Dept. Piura: Prov. Ayabaca,Rui-
nas de Aypate,belowsummit, 1950 m, J. Campoverde viscidium minute.
ex D. Bennett 5723 (NY). Etymology" Named in honor of Mark W.
Chase for his contributions to orchid sys-
Chondrorhynchaplicata differs from other tematics.
species in having a 2-ribbed, elongate callus Habitat: Montane wet forest. Flowering
with the apices free and converging, the con- from January to February.
stricted labellum with transverse, verrucose This species is distinguished by the trans-
thickening, and the pleated margins of the verse, broadly ovate, emarginate, apiculate
mid-lobe. It is similar to the Peruvian C. labellum, the slightly dorsoventrally com-
aurantiaca Senghas but differs by the very pressed column with a broad spreading
different color and callus shape and to the hood, and the tuberculate-spiculate, globose
Ecuadorian C. viridisepala Senghas but dif- operculum.
fers by the plicate labellum, shape of the
callus, and very differently shaped leaves. Cochlioda Lindl.

Cischweinfia Dressier & N. H. Williams Cochlioda chasei D. E. Benn. & Christen-

Cischweinfia chasei D. E. Benn. & Chris-
tenson, sp. nov. (Fig. 2)
TYPE: PERU. Dept. Huanuco: Leoncio
Prado, above Tingo Maria near Cueva de
Las Pavas, 1000 m, 19 Jan 1989, E. Jara
P. ex D. Bennett 4497 (HOLOTYPE: USM).
Species haec Cischweinfiae rostratae Dressler & N.
H. Williamssimilis sed anthera tuberculata et labello
albo differt.
Small epiphytes to 15 cm tall. Pseudo-
bulbs approximate, elliptic-oblong, compla-
nate, rugose, 45 x 9 ram, subtended at the
base by 2 pairs of distichous, imbricating
bracts, the upper pair foliaceous. L e a f sol-
itary, linear-lanceolate, acute, to 14 x 1.3
cm. Inflorescences short, axillary, loosely 2-
3 flowered racemes. Sepals and petals pale
green, the labellum white, the column white
tinted pale rose below, the anther red-brown,
the stipe hyaline, the pollinia bright yellow.
Sepals and petals subsimilar, subequal, lan-
ceolate, acute-carinate, 1.6-1.7 x 0.4-0.5
mm. Labellum transversely broadly ovate,
concave, very shortly clawed, with lateral
son, sp. nov. (Fig. 3)
TYPE: PERU. Dept. Amazonas: Prov.
B6ngara, reportedly from Rio Nieva above
1700 m, 20 Nov 1987, M. Arias exD. Ben-
nett & M. Chase 4080 (HOLOTYPE: USM).
Specieshaec Cochliodaeroseae(Lindl.)Benth. simi-
lis sed labello biauriculatocallo sparsim piloso differt.
Epiphytes to 20 cm tall. Pseudobulbs
ovoid-pyriform, compressed, 2.5--8.0 x 1.2-
4.0 cm, subtended by several distichous,
imbricating foliaccous sheaths. Leaves 2,
oval to elliptic-oblong, shortly acute to re-
tuse, 4.0-14.5 x 4 cm, dark green. Inflo-
rescences few-flowered basal racemes; pe-
duncle 15-25 cm, terete, with 7-10 distant
bracts. Flowers dark rose-purple, the label-
lum white with lilac blotches on callus teeth,
mid-lobe tinted lilac, the column white with
lilac markings basaUy tinted pale lilac. Dor-
sal sepal oblong-obovate, apex condupli-
cate, apiculate, 1.1 x 0.4 cm. Lateral sepals
obliquely elliptic, apex keeled, apiculate, 1.2
x 0.4 cm. Petals obliquely elliptic-oblan-
ceolate, acuminate, 1.0 x 0.4 cm. Labellum
trullate, cuneate, lateral lobes spreading,
19941 BENNETT & CHRISTENSON: PERUVIAN ORCHIDACEAE 27

F1c. 2. Cischweinfia chasei (drawn from Bennett 4497). A. Plant in flower. B. Flower in profile, C. Labellum
and column in profile. D. Column from below. E, Labellum spread. F, Close-up of labellum apex. G. Floral
dissection. H. Anther cap. I. Pollinarium.
28 BRITTONIA [VOL. 4 6

FIG. 3. Cochlioda chasei (drawn from Bennett & Chase 4080). A. Plant in flower. B. Flower. C. Labellum
and column in profile. D. Column from above. E. Close-up of column. F. Labellum from above. G. Floral
dissection with close-ups of apices. H. Pollinarium.
1994] BENNETT & CHRISTENSON: PERUVIANORCHIDACEAE
midlobe reflexed, 1.1 x 0.8 cm, with sparse-
ly hispid 4-ridged callus. Column 0.6 x 0.3
cm, with prominent apical oblong-trian-
gular acuminate auricles and separated, ob-
ovate, stigmatic cavities; rostellum shortly
bifid extending downward between thick-
ened, protruding stigmatic lobes. Pollinar-
ium of 2 obovoid, slightly cleft pollinia, the
stipe oblong with involute wings, the vis-
cidium elliptic.
Etymology: Named in honor of Mark W.
Chase, a comprehending teacher, expert on
the Oncidiinae, and frequent author on or-
chid systematics.
Habitat: Montane wet forest. Flowering
October to December.
Cochlioda chasei is distinguished by the
rose-purple coloration, labellum very short-
ly adnate to column, inner keels semiterete,
free apex cylindric and obtuse, column au-
ricles large. Mark Chase (pers. comm.) in-
dicates that the type plant illustrated here
was not fully developed and has increased
3 to 4 times in size in cultivation.
Eloyella P. Ortiz
Eloyella bifida D. E. Benn. & Christenson,
sp. nov. (Fig. 4)
TYPE: PERU. Dept. Amazonas: Prov.
Bongara, ca. 1800 m, exact locality not giv-
en, M. Arias ex D. Bennett 3763 (HOLOTYPE:
USM).
Species haec Eloyellae cundinamarcae (P. Ortiz) P.
Ortiz similissed ligulaerecta bifida.
Small equitant monopodial epiphytes to
6 cm tall. Roots pubescent. Leaves 10-12,
distichous, imbricating slightly at base, fal-
cate, compressed laterally, articulated to
basal sheath, 2-3.0 x 0.5 cm. Inflorescences
axillary, 5-7 flowered racemes, exceeding
the leaves to 5 cm long, with ovate-acu-
minate, concave floral bracts subequal to
the ovary. Flowers greenish yellow with a
purple blotch at the column base. Sepals
subsimilar, oblong, slightly broader across
apex, curved forward, carinate, acute, 0.35-
0.4 x 0.1--0.12 cm. Petals oblanceolate,
acute, carinate, 0.35 x 0.12 cm. Labellum
broadly lanceolate, convex, recurved, acute,
0.45 x 0.25 cm, with 5 longitudinal central
29
verrucose nerves; callus very prominent with
a raised, semiobovate, thick ridge and an
erect, bifid, basal ligule. Column erect,
slightly arcuate, 0.25 x 0.1 cm; anther ba-
sally minutely tuberculate, 0.1 x 0.1 cm;
pollinarium of 4 hard pollinia, 0.12 x 0.08
cm; stipe broad, attenuate; viscidium mi-
nute.
Etymology: From the Latin bi "two" and
fidus "divided" for the distinctly bifid lig-
ulate callus.
Habitat: Lower cloud forest. Flowering
November to March.
Eloyella bifida is distinguished by the nar-
row, carinate sepals and petals, the labellum
having a large semiobovate callus with a
recurred bifid ligule at the base.
Encyclia Hook.
Encyclia bennettii Christenson, sp. nov.
(Fig. 5)
TYPE: PERU. Dept. Huanuco: Prov.
Huanuco, near Carpish Pass on Huanuco
side, 2350 m, 31 Aug 1985, D. &A. Bennett
3490 (HOLOTYeE: USM).
SpecieshaecEncycliaevespae(Vell.)Dresslersimilis
sed labello profunde trilobo, pedunculo longo, foliis
angustis et petalis undulatisdiffert.
Terrestrial, lithophytic or epiphytic plants
to 40 cm tall. Rhizome woody, creeping,
terete, enveloped by short, scarious bracts.
Pseudobulbs cylindric, lightly compressed,
slender, 4-5 cm distant, 12-17 x 1 cm, ba-
sally enveloped by 2-3 loosely sheathing
bracts to beyond the middle, comprising one
long internode and one short apical inter-
node (between the leaves). Leaves 2-3 at
apex of pseudobulb, oblong, obliquely bi-
lobed apically, mid-vein carinate, to 20 x
1.75 cm. Peduncle erect, 18-19 cm long,
subtended by a spathe to 7 cm long, floral
bracts minute. Flowers 10-15, sepals
brownish orange, petals dark brownish
red, labellum purple with a white margin.
Sepals subequal; dorsal sepal oblanceolate,
acute, reflexed; lateral sepals obliquely el-
liptic-lanceolate, apically carinate or shortly
apiculate. Petals oblanceolate, shortly acu-
minate, margins undulate, 0.9 x 0.5 cm.
Labellum 3-lobed, 0.35 x 0.37 cm, with
30 BRITTONIA [VOL. 4 6

FIG. 4. Eloyella bifida (drawn from Bennett 3763). A. Plant in flower. B. Flower. C. Labellum and column
in profile. D. Floral dissection. E. Anther cap. F. Pollinarium.
1994] BENNETT & CHRISTENSON: PERUVIAN ORCHIDACEAE 31

FI~. 5. Encyclia bennettii (drawn from Bennett 3490). A. Plant in flower with close-up of leaf attachment.
B. Flower. C. Column from below. D. Labellum and column in profile. E. Labellum from above. F. Floral
dissection.
32 BRITTONIA
central fleshy quadrangular callus; lateral
lobes orbicular; middle lobe quadrangular
with acute triangular apex. C o l u m n very
short, stout, tridentate. Ovary 3-winged.
Fruit 3-angled, to 2.7 cm long.
Etymology: Named in honor of David E.
Bennett, Jr. o f Lima for his on-going con-
tributions to Peruvian orchidology.
Habitat: Area of reduced rainfall on
Huanuco side o f Carpish Pass; shrubs, her-
baceous plants and grass in red-brown heavy
clay loam soil with organic litter. Flowering
August to October.
PARATYPES" PERU. Dept. Amazonas: PROV.
CHACHAPOYAS, Leimebamba-La Joya trail, near La-
jasbamba turnoff, 27 May 1977, J. D. Boeke 1793
(MO). Dept.Cusco:PROV.URUBAMBA,88-112 km from
Cusco, Santuario Historico de Machupicchu and el
Camino Inca, 2300--4150m, 16-19 Mar 1988, P. Nu-
ne2 & F. Luna 8862 (MO); PROV. LA CONVENCION,
Huayopata, Pistipata drainage (Puncuyo), 10 km SW
of Incatambo, 2400 m, 6 Oct 1982, B. Peyton & S.
King 1443 (MO).
A close relative of the highly variable E.
vespa (Veil.) Dressier, E. bennettii is im-
mediately separable by the strongly 3-lobed
labellum (at most 3-1obulate in E. vespa, s.l. )
and narrower leaves (less than 2 cm wide).
E p i d e n d r u m f e d d e a n u m Kraenzl., conser-
vatively maintained as a separate species by
Schweinfurth (1959) and placed in the syn-
onymy o f E. vespa by most authors, was
described inaccurately as having a 3-lobed
labellum. Examination of a type photo-
graph shows E . f e d d e a n u m to have a slightly
3-1obulate labellum, unlike that of E. ben-
nettiL and within the range of variability
accepted for E. vespa. Encyclia bennettii is
a member o f A n a c h e i l i u m Hoffmans. when
that genus is accepted as separate from En-
cyclia.
Kefersteinia Rchb. f.
Kefersteinia delcastilloi D. E. Bennett &
Christenson, sp. nov. (Fig. 6)
TYPE: PERU. Dept. Junin: Prov. Chan-
chamayo, above Puerto Yurinaki, 1050 m,
[VOL. 46
7 July 1991, O. del Castillo e x D. Bennett
5113 (HOLOTYPE:NY).
SpecieshaecKefersteinMe laminatae Rchb. f. similis
sed petalis ovatis oblique, callo elongato et columna
latialata differt.
Caespitose, acaulous epiphytes to 14 cm
tall, producing fan-shaped growths. S t e m s
completely covered by distichous, imbri-
cating, articulated, conduplicate, foliar
sheaths. Leaves lanceolate, acute, mid-vein
carinate, thin, 12-14 x 1.6 cm, pale green.
Inflorescences multiple scapes from basal
leaf axils; peduncle terete, subtended by 2
remote ovate, acute, loose bracts; floral bract
subsimilar, smaller. Flowers light green with
dark purple to brownish red spots, more
dense on the dorsal sepal and petals, the
labellum white tinged green with sparsely
occurring brownish spots near the middle
along the inner margin, the column very
pale green, the anther pale cream to nearly
white. Dorsal sepal ovate, obtuse to shortly
acute, 1.7 x 0.8 cm. Lateralsepals oblique,
ovate, basally concave, 2.2 x 0.8 cm. Petals
ovate, acute, oblique, 2.2 x 1.2 cm. Label-
l u m shortly clawed, the blade when ex-
panded broadly oval, 1.5 x 1.2 cm, in nat-
ural position sides strongly i ncurved,
concave, distal margin strongly reflexed,
pleated, the callus extending from the base
to beyond the middle of the labellum, con-
sisting of a central, low, rounded, elongate
rib, thicker through the basal half, flanked
by two nearly erect, compressed, semiovate
lobes, attenuate toward the apex. C o l u m n
arcuate, with obtuse triangular wings and a
prominent ventral keel below the stigma,
1.4 x 0.67 cm, with a prominent foot. An-
therO.25 x 0.2 cm. Pollinarium 0.25 x 0.15
cm; pollinia 4 in 2 unequal pairs; stipe ovate,
acute; viscidium minute.
Etymology: Named for the first collector
of the species, Oliveros del Castillo.
Habitat: Wet montane forest. Flowering
January to March.
Kefersteinia delcastilloi is distinguished
by the ovate sepals and petals, the elongate
callus, the apical margin of the labellum
strongly reflexed and pleated, and the ob-
tuse, triangular column wings.
19941 BENNETT & CHRISTENSON: PERUVIAN ORCHIDACEAE 33

Fie. 6. Kefersteinia delcastilloi (drawn from Bennett 5113-1). A. Plant in flower. B. Flower. C-D. Labellum
and column. E. Floral dissection. F. Labellum from above with the apex spread. G. Anther cap. H. Pollinarium.
34 BRITTONIA [VOL. 46

Kefersteinia jarae D. E. Benn. & Christen- umn base and foot concave, divided; pop
son, sp. nov. (Fig. 7) linia straight, clavate; stipe and viscidium
broad.
TYPE: PERU. Dept. Huanuco: ProP.
Generic limits within the Zygopetalinae
Leoncio Prado, above Tingo Maria near Las
are both problematic and fluid. No consen-
Palmas, 900 m, l0 Nov 1990, E. Jara P.
sus has been reached within the taxonomic
ex D. Bennett 4752 (HOLOTYPE"NY).
community, and such a consensus is un-
SpecieshaecKefersteiniaebertoldiiJennysimilissed likely to be forthcoming in the near future.
columnanon alata, callogranulatoet foliislanceolatis Kefersteinia jarae and its sister species, K.
anguste. bertholdii Jenny (as well as the next species,
Caespitose, acaulous epiphytes to 9.5 cm K. licethyi), are somewhat atypical species
tall, producing fan-shaped growths. Leaves of Kefersteinia on the basis of their minimal
several, lanceolate, mid-vein carinate, acu- column wings and labellum that lacks the
minate, articulated to conduplicate sheaths typical de flexed broad margin. They have
imbricating at base, to 8.0 x 1.4 cm, pale several characters in common with a prob-
dull green. Inflorescences multiple axillary lematic cluster of species, typified by Chon-
slender scapes. Flowers pale green-yellow drorhyncha caudata Ackerman, that have
with red-brown markings towards the base; been transferred to Stenia by Dodson and
labellum exterior whitish, interior with dark Bennett (1989), recognized as Chondro-
purplish red markings intensifying towards rhyncha section Stenioides Senghas & G.
the center, the dark red colored areas con- Gerlach (Senghas & Gerlach, 1991), and re-
sisting of short, small tuberculiform cells; cently made the basis for the genus Acker-
column base clear green-yellow, foot white mania Dodson & R. Escobar (Dodson &
with dark red-brown markings; anther pale Escobar, 1993). A conservative approach to
yellow mottled red-brown; pollinia yellow- the taxonomy of these plants is recom-
ish white. Sepals and petals subsimilar, el- mended to limit the frequent and confusing
liptic, apiculate, 1.15-1.4 x 0.45-0.55 cm, transfer o f species within the group.
the petals and lateral sepals oblique. La-
bellum shortly clawed, 1.1 x 0.6 cm in nat- Kefersteinia licethyi D. E. Benn. & Chris-
ural position; callus transverse, retuse, tenson, sp. nov. (Fig. 8)
densely granulate, minutely tuberculate. TYPE: PERU. Pasco: Oxapampa, Caserio
Column without wings, dorsal lower half Enefias, between ViUarica and Cacazu, 1200
sparsely pubescent, with a prominent, lon- m, 16 April 1991, O. del Castillo ex D. Ben-
gitudinal, abaxial keel, 0.25 cm long, below nett 5054 (HOLOTYPE:N'Y).
stigma descending to become a low ridge
dividing the concave base and foot, with 8- Species haecK. bertholdiiJennysimilissed labellurn
deorsum extensumcallo curvato erecto differt.
10 small blisters on each thickened margin,
keel thicker and much wider on the foot. Caespitose, acaulous epiphytes to 7 cm
Clinandrium hooded; rostellum ligulate, tall, producing fan-shaped growths. Leaves
angled forward; anther 0.23 x 0.21 cm. Pol- several, grading with foliaceous bracts, nar-
linarium with 4 pollinia in 2 unequal pairs, rowly lanceolate, conduplicate basally, acu-
clavate, straight, the larger pair 0.3 x 0.1 minate, articulated to sheaths, 5-9 x 1.5
cm; stipe rhombic; viscidium transversely cm. Inflorescences axillary pendent scapes,
oblong. the peduncle very slender, with 1-2 bracts
Etymology: Named to honor the original below the middle, the floral bracts 2, subop-
collector of this species, Enrique Jara P. posite, dissimilar. Sepals and petals pale
Habitat: Montane wet forest. Flowering clear green with purple spots and markings
October-December and March-May. towards the base, the labellum dark purple,
Kefersteinia jarae is distinguished by the distally clear green with pale purple spots,
dark blood-red, granulate surface on the la- the callus dark purple, the column clear
bellum interior; callus granulate, densely green, the anther whitish lime-green, the
short tuberculate; column keel short; col- stipe translucent white, the caudicles yel-
1994] BENNETT & CHRISTENSON: PERUVIAN ORCHIDACEAE 35

FIG. 7. Kefersteiniajarae (drawn from Bennett 4752). A. Plant in flower. B. Flower. C. Labellum and column
in profile. D. Column from below. E. Labellum from above. F. Close-up of callus. G. Floral dissection with
close-ups of apices. H. Anther cap. I. Pollinarium.
36 BRITTONIA [VOL. 4 6

FIG. 8. Kefersteinia licethyi (drawn from Bennett 5054). A. Plant in flower. B. Flower. C. Labellum from
above. D. Column from below. E. Floral dissection with close-ups of apices. F-G. Close-up of callus. H. Labellum
and column in profile. I. Anther cap. J. Pollinarium.
1994] BENNETT & CHRISTENSON: PERUVIAN ORCHIDACEAE
low, the pollinia semiopaque grayish-white.
Sepals subsimilar, lanceolate, concave, api-
ces somewhat thickened, with a ventral api-
cule, 7.3 x 3 mm, the dorsal sepal em-
bracing the column. Petals obliquely
oblanceolate, apiculate, 7 x 3 mm. Label-
lure atypical for the genus, extended down-
wards 165 degrees to the column axis,
clawed, ovate, sides lightly pinched near the
middle, apex obtuse, 7.5 x 5 mm, the callus
curvate, erect, thick, bidentate. Column
erect, claviform, foot short, ventral keel ex-
tending from the stigma to the column foot.
Anther broadly oblong-obovoid, 2.3 x 1.9
mm, pollinia 4 in 2 unequal pairs, the larger
1.5 x 0.5 mm, the smaller 1.2 x 0.5 ram,
the viscidium subrhombic, 1.5 1.2 ram.
Etymology: Named for Licethy del Cas-
tillo Castro, oldest daughter of Sr. Oliveros
del Castillo, collector of the species.
Habitat: Wet montane forest. Flowering
March to April in cultivation in Lima but
probably during most of the year in the wild.
Kefersteinia licethyi is an extremely un-
usual species of Kefersteinia that is distin-
guished by the downward extended label-
lure with a curvate, erect callus.
Kefersteinia salustianae D. E. Benn. &
Christenson, sp. nov. (Fig. 9)
TYPE: PERU. Dept. Junin: Prov. Chan-
chamayo, Tirol, 7 km E of San Ramon, 1200
m, 15 Mar 1992, S. Castro ex D. Bennett
5455 (HOLOTYPE: N Y ) .
Species haee K. j a r a e D. E. Benn. & Christenson
similis sed columnae alis brevibus et sepalis petalisque
immaculatis.
Acaulous epiphytes to 17.5 cm tall, pro-
ducing fan-shaped growths, with promi-
nent, more or less ascending rhizome. Leaves
several, grading into bracts, oblanceolate to
narrowly elliptic, elongate, conduplicate,
distichous, petiolate, acuminate, acute to
minutely apiculate, 16-17.5 1.85 cm, dark
green. Inflorescences multiple axillary
stapes, laxly erect, terete, to 6.0 cm long,
subtended by 2 floral bracts, larger bract
nearly surrounding peduncle, transverse,
ovate-reniform, 0.43 x 0.9 cm. Flowers pale
yellowish green, the labellum clear yellow
with reddish brown spots and blotches on
37
the basal half of the concave involute sides
of iabellum; callus yellow with scattered
small reddish spots; column same color as
the sepals with small red spots dispersed
over ventral surface; anther dull yellow suf-
fused reddish brown; pollinia wax-white.
Sepals subsimilar, ovate-elliptic, acute-
apiculate, spreading, 1.5-1.8 x 0.9-1.0 cm;
the lateral sepals larger, slightly oblique,
concave and shortly connate at the base,
adnate to column foot. Petals oblique, ovate-
elliptic, acute to apiculate, mid-vein thick-
ened, 1.67 x 0.9 cm. Labellum concave to
subsaccate, obscurely 3-lobed, shortly
clawed, 1.1 x 1.25 cm; lateral lobes round-
ed, concave; midlobe transversely reniform,
erose, reflexed; callus of 3 longitudinal ridg-
es to midpoint, 4-dentate apically, minutely
tuberculate, 0.72 x 0.4 cm. Column convex
above, more or less flat to lightly convex
below, sparsely short pubescent, with a
small, short keel extending below the stig-
ma, 1.3 cm long, 0.52 cm broad across wide-
spreading wings, the foot pronounced;
anther 0.15 x 0.175 cm; pollinia 4 in 2
unequal pairs, clavate, concave, larger pair
0.18 x 0.55 cm, smaller pair 0.14 x 0.5
cm; stipe oblong, acute.
Etymology: Named to honor Salustiana
Castro, a member of the Ashininga Indian
Tribe, who first collected the species.
Habitat: Montane wet forest. Flowering
from February to May.
PARATYPE: PERU. Dept. Junin: Prov. Chancha-
mayo, Puntayaco, 2 km from road to Tarma from San
Ramon, 1800 m, O. del Castillo ex D. Bennett 5426
(NY).
Kefersteinia salustianae is distinguished
from other species by its prominent rhi-
zome yielding an ascending habit, sparsely
pubescent column, and position and extent
of column wings.
Koellensteinia Rchb. f.
Koellensteinia graminoides D. E. Benn. &
Christenson, sp. nov. (Fig. 10)
TYPE: PERU. Dept. Loreto: Iquitos, 250
m, May 1965, C. Dodsonex D. Bennett 1483
(HOLOTYPE: USM).
38 BRITTONIA [VOL. 4 6

FIo. 9. Kefersteinia salustianae (drawn from Bennett 5455). A. Plant in flower. B. Hower. C. Scape with
flower and bracts in profile. D. Horal dissection. E. Labellum from above. F, Close-up of callus. G. Column.
H. Anther cap. I. Pollinarium.
1994] BENNETT & CHRISTENSON: PERUVIAN ORCHIDACEAE 39

Fio. 10. Koellensteinia graminoides (drawn from Bennett 1483). A. Plant in flower. B-C. Flower. D. Floral
dissection. E. Labellum and column in profile. F. Labellum from above.
40
Species haec Koellensteiniae gramineae similis sed
sepalo dorsali ovato-triangulato, labello parvo et labelli
lobo laterali rotundato differt.
Caespitose epiphytes, 12-15 cm tall.
Leaves several, linear, long-tapered, acute,
articulated to conduplicate sheathing bases,
15 x 0.6-0.9 cm. Inflorescences 1-2 per
growth, axillary few-flowered racemes, oc-
casionally branched. Flowers campanulate,
segments pale yellow suffused with red to-
wards the base, dorsal sepal with 3 incon-
spicuous reddish longitudinal stripes, lat-
eral sepals and petals transversely reddish
brown barred basally, basal halfoflabellum
striped with intense purple and brown red,
column pale green, anther pale yellow. Dor-
sal sepal ovate-lanceolate, acute, concave,
0.85 x 0.48 cm. Lateral sepals obliquely
ovate-oblong, acute, concave, lightly cari-
nate, margins involute, 0.7 0.38 cm. Pet-
als oblong, acute, 0.7 x 0.3 cm. Labellum
4-1obulate, 0.6 x 0.57 cm, articulate to col-
umn foot; lateral lobes rounded, obtuse, in-
curved, erect; midlobe emarginate, con-
cave, the lobules subquadrate; callus basal,
erect, 2-lobed. Column short, stout, with a
prominent foot. Pollinia 4, in 2 equal pairs,
obovate, compressed, viscidium ovate.
Etymology: From the Latin gramineus
"grass-like" and oides "resembling" for its
similarity to K. graminea (Lindl.) Rchb. f.
Habitat: Tropical rain forest. Flowering
from April to June.
PARATYPE:PERU. Dept. San Martin: Zepelacio (near
Moyobamba), 1100 m, May 1934, G. Klug3622 (MO).
This sister species to K. graminea (Lindl.)
Rchb. f. is distinguished by the smaller, dif-
ferently shaped lateral lobes of the labellum,
the much smaller midlobes, and the differ-
ently shaped floral segments. Koellensteinia
graminoides may prove to be a clinal ex-
treme ofK. graminea, but it does not appear
to represent an ontogenetic form of that spe-
cies.
Macroclinium Barb. Rodr.
Macroclinium biflorum D. E. Benn. &
Christenson, sp. nov. (Fig. 11)
BRITTONIA [VOL. 46
TYPE: PERU. Dept. San Martin: Prov.
San Martin, Tarapoto, km 25 along road to
Yurimaguas, 500 m, 9 Apt 1965, D. & A.
Bennett 1571 (HOLOTYPE:AMES).
Species haec Macroclinio adunco (Dressier) Dodson
similis sed clinandrio typico et sepalis petalisque acutis
differt.
Miniature epiphytes to 1 cm tall. Pseu-
dobulbs absent or when present obscure,
subtended by 4-6 equitant, imbricate,
oblique, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate,
acute, ancipitous, fleshy foliaceous bracts.
Leaf 1, similar to and grading with bracts,
0.4-0.8 x 0.07-0.22 cm, reddish to green,
with chartaceous margins. Inflorescences
racemose, successively 2-flowered, filiform,
axillary, erect, with 4-6 ovate-triangular,
acuminate, carinate, distant bracts. Flowers
campanulate, pale purple, petals paler and
with 3 small purple spots, the labellum pale
rose-purple, the column rose-pink, the an-
ther white and basally dark red-purple, stipe
white, pollinia yellow, viscidium light
brown. Sepals subsimilar, oblong-lanceo-
late, acute, concave, 0.3 x 0.1 cm, the lat-
eral sepals oblanceolate, oblique, acumi-
nate. Petals oblanceolate, acuminate, shorter
than the sepals. Labellum clawed, lamina
ovate, attenuate, acute to obtuse, margin
undulate. Column stipitate, clavate, straight,
typical for the genus. Pollinarium long tri-
angular; pollinia 2, obovate, compressed,
attached to the stipe by slender caudicles,
0.08 x 0.03 cm.
Etymology: From the Latin bi "two" and
.~los "'flower" in reference to the 2-flowered
habit of the species.
Habitat: Tropical rain forest. Flowering
April to August.
PARATYPES: PERU. Dept. Loreto: Iquitos, 130 m,
1965, C. H. Dodson ex D. Bennett 1207 (USM); Dept.
Huanuco: Prov. Leoncio Prado, Tingo Mafia, Aug 1987,
L. Moore ex D. Bennett 3950 (USM).
Macroclinium biflorum is distinguished
by having two, nearly opposite flowers on
each pedicel of the raceme, obliquely ob-
lanceolate lateral sepals and petals, a broad-
ly ovate, undulate, clawed labellum, and a
clavate, terete column. This species is very
19941 BENNETT & CHRISTENSON: PERUVIAN ORCHIDACEAE 41

FIG. 11. Macroclinium biflora (drawn from Bennett 3950). A. Plant in flower. B-C. Flower. D-E. Labellum
and column. F. Perianth. G. Column.
42 BRITTONIA [VOL. 46

similar to M . a d u n c u m and differs by its species o f M a c r o c l i n i u m consistently bear

acute segments and typical clinandrium. 2-flowered inflorescences. These are keyed
In addition to M . biflorum, several other here:

Base of labellum auriculate (Brazil, Peru, Venezuela) ..................................................... M. mirabile (C. Schweinf.)Dodson
Base of labellum cuneate.
2 Column atypical for the genus, i.e., apically bent at 90 degrees (Peru) .........M. aduncum (Dressier) Dodson
2 Column typical for the genus, i.e., clinandrium dorsal.
3 Apex of the anther and column finely denticulate (Bolivia, Peru) ...........M. chasei Dodson & D. E. Benn.
3 Apex of the anther and column not denticulate.
4 LabeUum margin undulate (Peru) ..........................................................................
M. biflorum D. E. Benn. & Christenson
4 Labellum margin not undulate.
5 Lateral sepals oblique, more than 1 mm wide (Brasil) .....................................M. brasiliense (Pabst) Dodson
5 Lateral sepals not oblique, less than 1 mm wide (Ecuador) ......................................................... M. hirtzii Dodson

Rodriguezia Ruiz & Pav.
Rodriguezia delcastilloi D. E. Benn. &
Christenson, sp. nov. (Fig. 12)
TYPE: P E R U . Pasco: Oxapampa, District
o f Puerto Bermudez, Cuidad de Constitu-
cion, along road between Pt. B e r m u d e z and
Pucalpa, 250 m, 10 N o v 1991, O. del Cas-
tillo e x B e n n e t t 5 3 8 2 (HOLOTYPE:NY).
Specieshaec R. luteolae N. E. Br. similis sed columna
strigosa et floribus albis differt.
Caespitose epiphytes to 15 cm tall. P s e u -
dobulbs elliptic, complanate, ancipitous, 1.4
x 1.0 cm, 0.4 cm thick, enveloped at the
base by 3--4 pairs o f distichous, imbricating
bracts, the upper pairs foliaceous and sub-
equal to the leaf. L e a f 1, oblong, attenuate
to shortly conduplicate base, otherwise fiat,
obliquely bilobed, obtuse, stiffly coriaceous,
7-14 x 2.4-3.0 cm, the margins u n e v e n and
lightly undulate. Inflorescences several, suc-
cessively 5-7 densely flowered, fractiflex ra-
cemes f r o m upper foliaceous bracts, shorter
than the leaves. F l o w e r s greenish-white be-
coming pure white after 2-3 days, the callus
very pale yellow, with microscopic inter-
cellular crystals. D o r s a l sepal elliptic, blunt-
ly obtuse, concave, 1.25 x 0.6 c m when
expanded. L a t e r a l sepals connate for their
length in a cochleate, bidentate, condupli-
cate, basally saccate and scrotiform spur.
Petals obovate, shallowly emarginate, con-
cave, 1.3 x 0.65 cm. L a b e l l u m narrowly
flabellate, emarginate, margins lightly un-
dulate, deeply involute with the basal mar-
gins erect and partially enveloping the col-
umn, 1.4 x 0.6 cm; callus oblong, lightly
concave, terminating in two low ribs di-
minishing and converging distally, the base
thickened in a dorso-ventrally compressed,
obtuse, hispidulous tip, shortly j o i n e d to the
ventral c o l u m n surface. C o l u m n clavate,
semiterete below, ventral surface fiat, 0.8
cm long, 0.15 (base)-0.3 (apex) cm across,
excavated longitudinally below stigma for
0.2 cm, densely appressed hispid on basal
third, with two minute fiat triangular auri-
cles appressed horizontally to ventral sur-
face below anther bed. S t i p e convex, ob-
saggitate, 0.16 x 0.875 cm. P o l l i n i a 2.
Etymology: N a m e d to h o n o r Oliveros del
Castillo, m e m b e r o f the Ashininga Tribe,
collector o f the species.
Habitat: H o t tropical wet forest. Flow-
ering March to April.
A close relative o f R . luteola N. E. Br.,
the species is distinguished by the lightly
rugose, thin, stiffly coriaceous flat leaves,
the bluntly obtuse dorsal sepal, and the stri-
gose c o l u m n with a pair o f minute, hori-
zontal, triangular auricles.
Sigmatostalix Rchb. f.
Schweinfurth (1961) recorded six species
o f S i g m a t o s t a l i x for Peru, two o f which have
been subsequently reduced to s y n o n y m y (S.
a u r o s a n g u i n e a Rchb. f. and S. p e r u v i a n a
Rolfe = S. g r a m i n e a (Poepp. & Endl.) Rchb.
f.). With the addition (Bennett & Christen-
son, 1993) o f S. c a q u e t a n a Schltr. ( C h a s e
8 7 2 0 7 ) and S. p u t u m a y e n s i s P. Ortiz ( B e n -
nett 5 2 0 7 - 1 ) , recognition o f species previ-
19941 BENNETT & CHRISTENSON: PERUVIAN ORCHIDACEAE 43

FIG. 12. Rodriguezia delcastillo (drawn from Bennett 5382). A. Plant in flower. B. Flower in profile. C. Floral
dissection. D. Labellum and column in profile. E. Column in profile. F. Column from below. G. Sideview o f
sepaline spur. H. Anther cap. I. Pollinaria.
44 BRITTONIA [VOL. 46

o u s l y p l a c e d in s y n o n y m y , a n d n e w c o u n t r y n o w k n o w n f r o m Peru. T o a i d in t h e i r i d e n -
records, nine species of Sigmatostalix are tification, w e p r o v i d e t h e f o l l o w i n g key:

I Labellum abruptly and distinctly clawed.

2 Labellum cordate without basal auricles or lateral lobes.
3 Base oflabellum blade with a 2-seriate callus ..............................................................................................S. bicallosa Garay
3 Base of labellum blade with a single callus ...........................................................................S. crescentilabia C. Schweinf.
2 Labellum quadrangular-pandurate with pronounced basal auricles or lateral lobes.
4 Lateral labellum lobes falcate, forward-projecting ........................................................................................S. caquetana Schltr.
4 Lateral labellum lobes not falcate, projecting backwards.
5 Lateral labellum lobes approximately 1 mm long; callus obovate ...................................S. buchtienii Kraenzl.
5 Lateral labellum lobes more than 2 mm long; callus ovate ........................................................................S. eliae Rolfe
I Labellum cuneate or sessile, not abruptly and distinctly clawed.
6 Labellum transverse, sessile; inflorescences few-flowered racemes .........S. graminea (Poepp. & Endl.) Rchb. f.
6 Labellum longer than broad, cuneate; inflorescences many-flowered racemose panicles.
7 Labellum flabellate, sidelobes completely lacking .........................................................................S. putumayen.sis P. Ortiz
7 Labellum weakly 4-1obulale-to strongly 4-lobed.
8 LabeIlum weakly 4qobulate, cuneate towards the base; column straight ...................S. a m a z o n i c a Schltr.
8 Labellum strongly 4-lobed, not cuneate towards the base; column strongly curved ................................
S. huebneri Mansf.
................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Solenidiopsis Senghas by Mansfeld based on unpublished draw-

ings b y S c h l e c h t e r o f t h e h o l o t y p e .
The genus Solenidiopsis was established
b y S e n g h a s (1986) t o c o n t a i n S . t i g r o i d e s Specimens examined: PERU. Amazonas: Luya, Cor-
(C. S c h w e i n f . ) S e n g h a s , a s p e c i e s p r e v i o u s l y dillera Callacalla, 18 km above Leimebamba along road
p l a c e d in a n o v e r l y b r o a d l y d e f i n e d O d o n - to Balsas, 3100 m, 9 Apr 1964, P. C. IIutchinson & D.
E. Bennett 4693 (UC); Hualgayoc, Cajamarca, Rio
toglossum K u n t h . S o l e n i d i o p s i s is c h a r a c - Taulis, upstream from La Playa, 2900 m, P. C. tfutch-
terized by a bilobed stigma and prominent ison & K. v. Bismarck 6477 (AMES, F, K, MO, NY,
c o l u m n wings. S u b s e q u e n t l y , a s e c o n d s p e - UC, US, USM).
cies was a d d e d to t h e g e n u s ( S e n g h a s , 1989;
B e n n e t t & C h r i s t e n s o n , 1993). I n a d d i t i o n Solenidiopsis rhombicalla D. E. B e n n . &
to t h e t w o s p e c i e s p r o p o s e d h e r e , w e a r e C h r i s t e n s o n , sp. n o v . (Fig. 13)
a w a r e o f at l e a s t o n e a d d i t i o n a l , u n d e -
s c r i b e d P e r u v i a n species. T o d a t e , t h e g e n u s
TYPE: P E R U . A m a z o n a s , B o n g a r a , k m
358 a l o n g r o a d f r o m O l m o s t o J u m b i l l a ,
r e m a i n s e n d e m i c to Peru.
1450 m , J u l y 1965, D . E . B e n n e t t e t a l . 2 0 6 6
(HOLOTYPE: A M E S ) .
Solenidiopsis peruviana (Schltr.) D. E. Benn.
& Christenson, comb. nov. Species haec S. tigroidi (C. Schweinf.) Senghas simii-
is sed floribus minoribus, callo dissimili, labello ad
Solenidium p e r u v i a n u m Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. apicem bilobato differt.
Regni Veg. Beih. 9: 113. 1921; Mansf., Repert.
Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 57: t. 129, nr. 507. C a e s p i t o s e e p i p h y t e s to 9.5 c m tall. P s e u -
1929. TYPE:PERU. Loreto: near Moyobamba, Fi- dobulbs ovoid, complanate, furrowed, sub-
lomeno s.n. (HOLOTYPE:B-- destroyed; LECTOTYPE, t e n d e d b y b r a c t s w i t h t h e u p p e r p a i r folia-
here designated: Tabula 129, nr. 507, loc. cit.).
ceous. Leaves 3, o b l o n g o r n a r r o w l y
Solenidiopsis peruviana is d i s t i n g u i s h e d l a n c e o l a t e , a t t e n u a t e b e l o w to c o n d u p l i c a t e
from other species by the ovoid-pyriform p e t i o l a t e b a s e , a p e x retuse, 7.5 x 1.0 c m .
pseudobulbs, pale orange-brown sepals and Inflorescences racemes, upright, 14-17 cm
petals, and unlobed cream-yellow labellum long, t h e floral b r a c t s s m a l l , o v a t e , a c u t e .
with an apical orange blotch. Flowers pale orange-brown with two broad
N o d u p l i c a t e t y p e m a t e r i a l h a s b e e n lo- chestnut-brown transverse bars, the label-
cated. I n lieu o f a u t h e n t i c m a t e r i a l , w e lec- lum pure white with pale greenish-yellow
totypify this species with the plate published callus b a s e a n d a g r e e n m e d i a n r i b b o r d e r e d
19941 BENNETT & CHRISTENSON: PERUVIAN ORCHIDACEAE 45

FIG. 13. Solenidiopsis rhombicalla (drawn from Bennett 2066--4). A. Plant in flower. B. Flower. C. Labellum
and column in profile. D. Column from above. E. Labellum and column frontview. F. Labellum from above.
46 BRITTONIA [VOL. 46

by a bright orange rhombiform marking, the T h i s s p e c i e s is s i m i l a r to S . t i g r o i d e s (C.

c o l u m n p a l e green w i t h t w o a p i c a l , b r o w n S c h w e i n f . ) S e n g h a s b u t is c o n s i d e r a b l y
blotches. Sepals andpetals subsimilar, spat- s m a l l e r in all its p a r t s a n d h a s a d i f f e r e n t
ulate, r o u n d e d w i t h s h o r t l y a c u m i n a t e a p i - callus a n d a b i l o b e d l a b e l l u m a p e x .
ces, t h e s e p a l s 0 . 7 5 - 0 . 8 3 x 0 . 1 5 - 0 . 1 6 c m ,
the p e t a l s s m a l l e r to 0.61 c m long. L a b e l l u m
3 - l o b e d , c l a w e d , 0.6 x 0.4 c m , t h e l a t e r a l Stenia Lindl.
lobes obliquely rhombic, the midlobe much
S c h w e i n f u r t h (1961) r e c o r d e d o n l y o n e
s m a l l e r , b i l o b e d o r retuse, t h e c a l l u s w i t h
s p e c i e s o f S t e n i a for P e r u , S . g u t t a t a R c h b .
t w o e x t e r i o r , d i v e r g e n t keels a n d a t h i c k -
f. W i t h t h e r e m o v a l o f S. c a u d a t a ( A c k e r -
e n e d c e n t e r w i t h a s c e n d i n g m a r g i n s , cen-
m a n ) D o d s o n & D. E. Benn. to A c k e r m a n i a
t r a l l y r h o m b i c d e s c e n d i n g in f r o n t to a n
( D o d s o n & E s c o b a r , 1993) a n d t h e a d d i t i o n
oblong, c o n v e x rib w i t h a slightly r a i s e d m i d - o f n e w s p e c i e s b y B e n n e t t (1992), D o d s o n
n e r v e e x t e n d i n g to t h e c e n t e r o f t h e m i d -
& B e n n e t t (1989), a n d t h o s e d e s c r i b e d here,
lobe. C o l u m n lightly a r c u a t e , s u b c l a v a t e ,
n i n e s p e c i e s a r e k n o w n for P e r u , a n d P e r u
0.46-0.22 cm, with porrect, incurved, acute
represents the center of distribution for the
c o l u m n wings.
genus. T o a i d in t h e i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f S t e n i a ,
Etymology: From the Latin rhombicus and a k e y to t h e P e r u v i a n s p e c i e s is p r e s e n t e d
c a l l u m r e f e r i n g to t h e r h o m b i c - s h a p e d cal-
here. It s h o u l d b e n o t e d t h a t C h a u b a r d i e l l a
lus on t h e l a b e l l u m . p a r s o n i i J e n n y ( n o m e n ; J e n n y , 1989) is S.
H a b i t a t : W e t m o n t a n e forest. F l o w e r i n g c a l c e o l a r i s ( G a r a y ) D o d s o n & D . E. Benn.
f r o m A u g u s t to S e p t e m b e r .

1 Petals spotted, sepals immaculate.

2 Petals ovate-elliptic; labellum longer than column .................................................................................................... S. guttata Rehb. f.
2 Petals obovate to suborbicular; labellum as long as column ..........................................................................................................
S. calceolaris (Garay) Dodson & D. E. Benn.
...............................................................................................................................................................
1 Petals not spotted, sepals and petals immaculate.
3 Column with minute wings.
4 Dorsal sepal less than 2 cm long; labellum sidelobes continuous with the midlobe; labellum equal
to column ................................................................................................................................................................................................ S. jarae D. E. Benn.
4 Dorsal sepal more than 2 cm long; labellum sidelobes distinct from midlobe; labellum shorter
than column.
5 Distal portion of sidelobes not pustulose ............................................................................................. S. pastorelli D. E. Benn.
5 Distal portion of sidelobes pustulose ................................................................S. pustulosa D. E. Benn. & Christenson
3 Column not winged.
6 Labellum longer than column.
7 Stipe short and broad, as long as wide; column foot short, labellum essentially sessile .....................
S. pallida Lindl.
...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
7 Stipe linear, much longer than broad; column foot long, labellum clawed ........................................................
S. lillianae D. E. Berm. & Christenson
...................................................................................................................................................................
6 Labeilum equal to or shorter than column.
8 Callus basal with additional transverse ealli on the labellum sidelobes ..................................................................
S. wendiae D. E. Benn. & Christenson
......................................................................................................................................................................
8 Callus basal with no transverse calli on labellum sidelobes.
9 Labellum indistinctly 3-lobed; callus central; petals obovate-elliptic ...............................................................
....................................................................................................................................... S. stenioides (Garay) Dodson & R. Escobar
9 Labellum distinctly 3-lobed; callus subapical; petals cuneate to broadly clawed .................................
S. bismarckii Dodson & D. E. Benn.
...................................................................................................................................................................

Stenia lillianae R. J e n n y ex D . E. B e n n . & b a m b a , P a c a y s a p a , 1100 m , 4 O c t 1992, B.

C h r i s t e n s o n , sp. n o v . (Fig. 14) S t e n i a lil- C o l l a n t e s e x D . B e n n e t t 5 6 8 4 (HOLOTY-PE:
l i a n a e R. J e n n y , D i e O r c h i d e e 40(6): 199. NY).
1989, w i t h o u t L a t i n d i a g n o s i s o r s p e c i -
Species haec Steniae pallidae Lind1. similis sed stipi-
men citation. te lineari et columnae pede elongato differt.
TYPE: P E R U . D e p t . S a n M a r t i n : M o y o - C a e s p i t o s e , a c a u l o u s e p i p h y t e s w i t h fan-
 19941 BENNETT & CHRISTENSON: PERUVIAN ORCHIDACEAE 47

Fro. 14. Stenia lillianae (drawn from Bennett 5684-2). A. Plant in flower. B. Flower. C. Floral dissection.
D. LabeUum, longitudinal section, and column in profile. E. Labellum, longitudinal section. F. Anther cap. G.
Pollinarium.
48 BRITTONIA [VOL. 46

shaped growths. Leaves 2-3, oblanceolate, very close to S. pallida Lindl. but differs by
acuminate, apiculate, midvein carinate, thin, the longer column foot and callus ridge fur-
bright greenish-yellow, 6.5-17.5 x 3.2-4.3 ther forward in the labellum.
cm, conduplicate at the base and articulated
to shortly imbricating, conduplicate sheath-
ing leaf bases. Inflorescences laxly pendent Stenia pustulosa D. E. Benn. & Christenson,
basal scapes. Flowers semitranslucent pale sp. nov. (Fig. 15)
greenish yellow, with the labellum cream-
yellow externally and internally with red- TYPE: PERU. Dept. Tarma: southeast o f
dish-brown spots, the column pale green Contayapaccha, Quebrada Seca 1890 m, 22
with a red-brown spotted foot. Dorsal sepal April 1992, O. del Castillo ex D. Bennett
elliptic, apiculate, concave, 2.5 x 1.3 cm. 5552 (HOLOTYPE: N Y ) .
Lateral sepals ovate-elliptic, apiculate, Species haec Steniae pastorellii D. E. Benn. similis
oblique, concave at the base, 3.1 x 1.5 cm. sed labelli lobis lateralibus pustulatis differt.
Petals ovate, acute, oblique, 2.4 x 1.35 cm.
Caespitose, acaulous epiphytes producing
Labellum 3-1obulate, saccate, extremely
fleshy, clawed, 2.2 cm long, approximately fan-shaped growths 12-14 cm tall. Leaves
4-6, oblanceolate, acute, minutely apicu-
2.2 cm in circumference, lateral lobes semi-
late, grading in size from 6.5-13.0 x 2.0-
ovate and pinched together, the midlobe
narrowly triangular, acute, the callus an ir- 2.3 cm, dark green, articulated to the im-
regularly margined transverse ridge with 2 bricating conduplicate leaf sheaths. Inflo-
rescences axillary, laxly long-pendent scapes
longer unequal teeth, divided by a high,
to 8 cm long, subtended by 1-2 tubular
rounded keel shorter than the callus. Col-
umn strongly arcuate, fleshy, with large, bracts. Flowers with spreading segments,
truncate basal wings, the foot elongate with translucent pale yellow, the labellum pale
green externally with the pustules along dis-
papillose base. Pollinarium 8.4 m m long,
tal margin pale brown turning purple for-
pollinia 4 in 2 very unequal pairs, the stipe
ward, the interior streaked and spotted
with a small, pectinate-appendaged apex.
brownish-red, the midlobe very pale yellow
Etymology: Named for Mrs. Henry J.
Severin of Cupertino, California, who ap- with a few brownish-red spots along the
parently first cultivated this species. margin, callus pale white with greenish-yel-
low teeth tipped brownish-red, the column
Habitat: Montane rain forest in deep
pale yellowish-white, the foot with faint lav-
shade. Flowering several months of the year
ender streaks and spots shading to darker
as new growths mature (September to No-
vember under cultivation in Lima). red-purple at the base of the foot, the claw
white with red-purple spots, the anther pale
cream white and the pollinia shiny pale yel-
PARATYPES:PERU. Dept. San Martin: Moyobamba,
exact locality not given, 3 Sept 1992, R. Villena e x D. low. Sepals elliptic to oblong-elliptic, acute,
Bennett 5713 (USM); Dept. Junin: Prov. Jauja, above margins lightly revolute, 2.6-2.7 x 1.1-1.2
Monobamba, 1600 m, O. del Castillo e x D. Bennett cm, the lateral sepals oblique and abruptly
6278 (NY). acute. Petals obovate, minutely apiculate,
oblique, 2.4 x 1.4 cm. Labellum 3-lobed,
Stenia lillianae is easily distinguished saccate, very fleshy-rigid, 0.7 x 0.7 cm in
from S. jarae by the larger flowers, the el- natural position, the lateral lobes erect, in-
liptic-lanceolate dorsal sepal, the apiculate dividually 0.87 cm long, the midlobe com-
sepals, the broadly lanceolate petals, the la- pletely involute, the calli in 2 series, the
bellum with a high, elongate median keel, posterior callus erect, broadly oblong,
the more pronounced and more numerous sparsely papillose, the anterior callus a
calli teeth, the 4 knobs at claw base, and the transverse ridge of 10-12 teeth extending
column that is more strongly arcuate and for nearly the entire width. Column lightly
shorter with atypical truncate wings near the arcuate with barely discernible wings, 1.4
base, a papillose foot, and a pectinate stipe cm long, the foot prominent, pubescent.
apex on the pollinarium. Stenia lillianae is Pollinarium to 3 mm long, pollinia 4 in 2
 1994] BENNETT & CHRISTENSON: PERUVIAN ORCHIDACEAE 49

FIo. 15. Stenia pustulosa (drawn from Bennett 5552). A. Plant in flower. B. Flower. C. Floral dissection. D.
Labellum and column in profile. E. Labellum from above. F. Labellum, longitudinal section. G. Surface texture
of basal callus and claw. H. Anther cap. L Pollinarium.
50 BRITTON[A [VOL. 4 6

Fie;. 16. Stenia stenioides (drawn from Bennett 6053). A. Plant in flower. B. Flower. C. Labellum and column
in profile. D. Labellum, longitudinal section, with close-up of callus surface texture. E. Floral dissection. F.
Anther cap. G. Pollinaria.
1994] BENNETT & CHRISTENSON: PERUVIAN ORCHIDACEAE
unequal pairs, the larger 2.5 x 1 mm, the
smaller 1.7 x 0.9 mm, on a serrate stipe to
0.7 mm long and a viscidium to 1 mm long.
Etymology: From the Latin pustulosus re-
ferring to the atypical pustules or blisters on
the distal portion of the lateral lobes of the
labellum.
Habitat: Lower levels of wet cloud forest.
Flowering from October to November and
March to April as new growths near ma-
turity.
PARATYPES: PERU. Same date and locality as holo-
type, O. del Castillo e x D. Bennett 5553 (USM). Dept.
Pasco: Oxapampa, along Pisco River between Oxa-
pampa and Paurcatambo, 1700 m, 4 Apr 93, O. de!
Castillo ex Bennett 6 1 7 9 (USM). Dept. Junin: PROV.
JAUJA; above Monobamba, 1600 m, O. del Castillo e x
D. Bennett 6279 (NY), above Monobamba, Sector
Cedrulla, 2300 m, O. del Castillo e x D. Bennett 6311
(NY).
Stenia pustulosa is easily distinguished
from other species by the broadly oblong,
sparsely papillose basal callus, and the pus-
tulate distal portion of the earlobe-like lat-
eral lobes of the labellum.
Stenia stenioides (Garay) Dodson & R. Es-
cobar, Orquideologia 18: 206. 1993 (Fig.
16)
Chondrorhyncha stenioides Garay, Bot. Mus. Lear.
26: 26. 1978.
TYPE: ECUADOR. Prov. Pastaza: at con-
fluence of Rio Verde and Rio Pastaza, Stacy
s.n. (HOLOTYPE:AMES).
Caespitose acaulous epiphytes with fan-
shaped growths. Leaves obovate-flabellate,
attenuate at the base, acute, dark gray-green,
to 9 x 3 cm. Inflorescences pendent scapes,
the peduncles slender, the solitary basal bract
tubular, the floral bracts 2, subopposite.
Flowers spreading, greenish-cream, the lat-
eral labellum lobes yellowish-green with pale
purple spots, the column with pale reddish-
purple markings of the concave base and
foot. Sepals subsimilar, subequal, elliptic,
obtuse, concave, 2.2-2.3 x 1.25-1.3 cm.
Petals obliquely obovate-elliptic, apiculate,
2.0 x 1.3 cm. Labellum indistinctly 3-lobed,
saccate, broadly ovate, apex triangular, 9
m m long, the column foot sharply curved
51
forward, joined to the claw forming a 90 ~
angle, the basal callus ridge semielliptic,
semiterete at the edges, basally tuberculate,
the central callus long, transverse, multi-
dentate. Column lightly arcuate, concave
ventrally, basally tuberculate, with a nearly
straight foot. Pollinarium to 4 m m long, the
pollinia 4 in 2 unequal, tear-shaped, com-
planate pairs, the stipe very small, retrorsely
pectinate, the viscidium oblanceolate.
Habitat: Montane wet forest. Flowering
from January through April.
Stenia stenioides is a rather typical Stenia
despite speculation to the contrary (q.v.,
Dodson & Dodson, 1984; see comments
above under Kefersteinia jarae). Like most
other species of Stenia, including the type,
S. pallida Lindl., S. stenioides bears green-
ish white flowers with fleshy, rigidly con-
duplicate labella on a long column foot and
claw, with an internal transverse callus. We
take the opportunity to publish a detailed
description and illustration based on a fresh
flower at this time because the commonly
available illustration of the species (Dodson
& Dodson, 1984) is inaccurate to the point
of being misleading. In particular, the pre-
viously published plate is inaccurate in: (1)
the relative proportion of the sepals in the
whole flowers; (2) the width of the dorsal
sepal in the whole flowers is more than twice
the actual width; (3) the relative position of
the callus in the labellum is too near the
apex; and (4) the attachment of the labellum
to the column foot does not represent ac-
curately the morphology.
Specimen examined: PERU. Dept. Paseo: Oxapam-
pa, District of Villarrica, 10 km SE down Canal de
Piedra, 2000 m, 6 Jan 1993, O. del Castillo e x Bennett
6053 ( N Y ) .
Stenia wendiae D. E. Benn. & Christenson,
sp. nov. (Fig. 17)
TYPE: PERU. Dept. Junin: Chancha-
mayo, sector Chipes of the San Vicente mine,
1800 m, 10 Dec 1992, O. del Castillo ex D.
Bennett 5968 (HOLOTYPE" N Y ) .
Species haec S. stenioidi (Garay) Dodson & R. Es-
cobar similis sed labeUo minori et carina basali alta
differt.
Caespitose, acaulous epiphytes with fan-
52 BRITTONIA [VOL. 4 6

FIG. 17. Stenia wendiae(drawn from Bennett 5968-2). A. Plant in flower. B. Flower. C. Labellum and column
in profile. D. LabeUum, spread, from above. E. Labellum, longitudinal section. F. Floral dissection. G. Column
from below with close-up of basal surface texture. H. Anther cap. I. Pollinarium, with close-up showing details
of stipe.
19941 BENNETT & CHRISTENSON: PERUVIAN ORCHIDACEAE
shaped growths. L e a v e s obovate, rounded,
carinate, conduplicate, petiolate, 6.5-8.3 x
2.3-2.9 cm, articulated to conduplicate, im-
bricating sheaths. I n f l o r e s c e n c e s pendent,
axillary scapes, the peduncle with a solitary,
basal, lanceolate, close bract. F l o w e r s cam-
panulate, pale semitranslucent green, the la-
bellum white, tinged green towards the base
with dark purple spots on the concave cen-
ter. S e p a l s subsimilar, subequal, broadly el-
liptic, concave, apiculate, 1.5 x 1.0 cm. Pet-
als oblique, very broadly obovate-elliptic,
shortly acute, 1.5 x 1.2 cm. L a b e l l u m small,
0.5 x 0.57 cm when expanded, 3-lobed,
cuneate, the c o l u m n foot and claw folded
into a high arch with a distinctive pointed
tip, the lateral lobes erect, semiorbicular,
broadly rounded, the m i d l o b e m u c h small-
er, transverse, subtruncate, acute, the basal
callus vertical, complanate, the transverse
calli carinate, terminating in a prominent
free tooth toward the middle, continuous
with a central, low transverse ridge across
the middle. C o l u m n thick, lightly arcuate,
elliptic when seen from below, concave, ba-
sally papillose, the foot thick, recurved. A n -
t h e r 21 x 19 m m , the pollinia 4 in 2 un-
equal, claviform, complanate, arcuate pairs,
0.9-1.2 x 0.5-0.6 m m , the stipe shortly cleft,
the viscidium lanceolate.
Etymology: N a m e d to h o n o r W e n d y de
y o n Bismarck who has shared with the first
author and his wife m e m o r a b l e collecting
trips and decades o f true friendship.
Habitat: Wet, lower cloud forest9 Flow-
ering from February through April.
PARATYPE:Same locality as the holotype, O. del
Castillo ex D. Bennett 5967 (USM).
S t e n i a w e n d i a e is distinguished from all
other species o f S t e n i a by the broadly ellip-
tic sepals and petals, the 3-lobed, atypically
transverse labellum, the claw replicated with
a long pointed, antrorse tip, the c o l u m n base
and fool papillose, and the stipe margins
shortly cleft.
53
Acknowledgments
We thank the staff at AMES, MO, NY,
and U C for courtesies extended during
Christenson's visits. In addition, we thank
Leslie G a r a y for sharing his opinions on
m a n y o f our Peruvian identifications, Au-
rora Bennett for her steadfast dedication to
this project, and the following artists: Marco
Alcantara A., Javier Bonifaz F., R o x a n n a
Esparza A., Mario Pastorelli C., and Vir-
ginia Velasco O.
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9 1989. Eine zweite art der Gattung Soleni-
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