Test 18 - Ans

VISIONIAS
www.visionias.in
ANSWERS & EXPLANATION

GENERAL STUIDES (P) TEST 2121 (2017)
Q 1.A
KaramShah was the founder of the Pagal Panth- A semireligious sect having influence in the northern
districts of Bengal.An activist fervor to the sect was imparted by Tipu, the son and successor of Karam
Shah. Tipu was motivated by both religious and political motives and took up the cause of the tenants
against the oppression of the Zamindars. Tipu captured Sherpur in 1825 and asuumed royal power. The
insurgents extended their activities to Garo Hills. The area remained disturbed in the 1830s and 1840s.
Q 2.A
The Indian Army was crucial for the Imperial authority not only to sustain its rule in India but also to
defend the Indian territory of the empire from other imperialist powers in the region as- Russia, Germany,
France, etc.
The conditions of services in the Companys Army and the cantonment increasingly came into conflict
with the religious beliefs and prejudices of the sepoys. Consequently, the revolt of 1857 began with the
mutiny in the Army that shook the Imperial authorities.After the mutiny there was a lot of rethinking
about the constitution and recruitment strategies for the Indian Army.
The Peel Commission which was appointed to look into the military affairs of India recommended
that the native army should be composed of different nationalities and caste, and as a general rule,
mixed promiscuously through each regiment.
Therefore, during the next few years regiments which had mutinied were disbanded, castes were more
evenly mixed across the regiments, recruitment remained focused on Punjab which remained loyal during
the mutiny, and the regional elements like the Punjab, Hindustan, Bombay and Madras, were carefully
kept separate.
The recruitment strategies were further streamlined in the 1880s when the colonial knowledge of Indian
ethnicity and racial stereotypes were deployed to evolve the theory of "martial race".
Q 3.A
Statement 1 is correct: Under the system, the cultivator was to be recognised as the owner of his plot of
land subject to the payment of land revenue. However, in practice, the Ryotwari Settlement did not bring
into existence a system of peasant ownership. The peasant soon discovered that the large number of
zamindars had been replaced by one giant zamindarthe state.
Statement 2 is correct: The settlement under the Ryotwari system was not made permanent. It was
revised periodically after 20 to 30 years when the revenue demand was usually raised.
Statement 3 is not correct: The Ryotwari Settlement was introduced in parts of the Madras and Bombay
Presidencies in the beginning of the 19th century. A modified version of the zamindari settlement,
introduced in the Gangetic valley, the North-West Provinces, parts of Central India, and the Punjab, was
known as the Mahalwari System.
Q 4.B
Murshid Quli Khan and the succeeding Nawabs gave equal opportunities for employment to Hindus and
Muslims. They filled the highest civil posts and many of the military posts with Bengalis, most of whom
were Hindus.
1 www.visionias.in Vision IAS
They recognised that expansion of trade benefited the people and the Government, and, therefore, gave
encouragement to all merchants, Indian or foreign. They provided for the safety of roads and rivers from
thieves and robbers by establishing regular thanas and chowkies.
Q 5.D
All the pairs are correctly matched.

The Santhals of Rajmahal hills resented the oppression by revenue officials, Police, money-
lenders,landlords in general,by the outsiders whom they called diku under the leadership of Sido and
Kanhu.
Bhil uprising, was famous uprising in Western India The Bhils,an aboriginal tribe concentrated around
Khandesh revolted against east India company ,One of their famous leader was Sewaram. The Bhils
revolted in 1817-19, and again in 1825,1836 and 1846.
Ahom Revolt:The British had pledged to withdraw after the First Burma War (1824-26) from Assam.But
,after the war,Instead of withdrawing,the British attempted to incorporate the Ahoms territories in the
companys dominion.This sparked off a rebellion in 1828 under the leadership of Gomdhar Konwar.
Q 6.C
Statement 1 is not correct: It was Charter Act of 1813 that allowed the Christian missionaries to travel to
India Prior to the 1813 Act, the Christian missionaries were banned from entering India for the fear of
arousing political unrest due to their proseylitisation activity. Despite the ban, the missionaries continued
to use various ingenuous means to arrive in India and work for the dissemination of the Western education
and the consequent proseylitisation.
Statement 2 is not correct: The early policy of the East India Company was that of non internvention in
Indian social matters. Along with pragmatism that demanded continuation of existing systems, there was
also a respect for traditional Indian culture that expressed itself in Warren Hasting's policy of Orientalism.
The result of this endeavour was the establishment of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, the Calcutta
Madrassa and the Sanskrit College of Benaras. Knowledge about the subject population, their social
customs, manners and codes were regarded as a necessary prerequisite for developing permanent
institutions of rule. However, with the end of the Hasting's tenure, there began cautious intervention in
the Indian social institutions under the ideological influences from the Britain such as Evangelicalism,
Utilitarianism and free trade thinking.
Statement 3 is correct: The beginning of western education in India can be dated from Charter Act of
1813, which provided for the allocation of one hundred thousand rupees per year for two specific
purposes: first, the encouragement of the learned natives of India and the revival of and improvement of
literature; secondly, the promotion of a knowledge of the sciences amongst the inhabitants of that country.
The Act did not provide for the medium of instruction. The provision that the teaching of western sciences
and literature through the medium of English language was provided by Lord Macaulays minute, 1835.
Q 7.C
BARC has developed a simple, user friendly, quick and cost effective kit for onsite determination of
Cr(VI). It provides the much needed solution to measure the level of Chromium contamination in drinking
water and tap water, lakes, rivers as well as ground water. The procedure involves adding a specified
amount of specific reagents to the water sample and identifying the developed colour.
Chromium is widely used in various industries like leather, steel, chrome plating, paint manufacturing,
wood preservation etc. Untreated effluents from these industries cause widespread contamination of water
as been reported in several parts of the country.
Chromium in the environment primarily exists as Trivalent Chromium Cr(III) and Hexavalent Chromium
Cr(VI). The later is toxic and the World Health Organization has classified it as carcinogenic and can
cause stomach ulcers and cancers and severe damage to kidneys and liver.
Q 8.C
Important events during Lord Lytton's time (1876-1880)
Famine of 1876-78 affecting Madras, Bombay, Mysore, Hyderabad, parts of central India and Punjab.
appointment of Famine Commission under the presidency of Richard Strachey(1878).

Royal Titles Act (1876), Queen Victoria assuming the title of 'Kaiser-i-Hind' or Queen Empress of India.
The Vernacular Press Act (1878)
The Arms Act (1878)
The Second Afghan War (1878-80).
Q 9.C
Pabna Revolt: Pabna was a jute production and trading centre and was relatively prosperous region
during the time of british. The zamindars in this region tried to stop the peasants to get occupancy rights
under Rent act of 1859 (statement 1 is correct) , which stated that continous lease of 12 years over the
same piece of land would grant cultivators occupancy rights over that land.
This led to adoption of harsh practices by zamindars to prevent cultivators from getting lease of 12 years
continously on the same land. They exhorbitantly increased the rent to push cultivators out of the lease.
This led to movement by cultivators by forming Agrarian leagues. The cultivators pooled their money to
fight cases against zamindars in the courts.
The subsequent pressure led to the passage of Bengal Tenancy Act of 1885(statement 2 is correct),
which provided relief to a certain section of cultivators and not to all.
The Deccan Agriculturist Relief Act was passed to provide respite to the peasants of Deccan, who
protested during the Deccan peasant revolt of 1875, against the landlords. It covered Poona and Ahmed
nagar districts and spread into Gujarat. Excessive revenue exactions, low prices of grain and cotton crops
and eviction and land mortgages to moneylenders were the prime reasons for the revolt. ( statement 3 is
incorrect)
Q 10.C
Statement 1 is not correct and 2 is correct: The first session of Indian National Congress was held at
Bombay from Dec. 28-30, 1885 with 72 delegates and was presided over by Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee.
One of the great contribution of S.N Banerjee was the founding of the Indian Association which was
intended to be the centre of an all - India political movement. For the first time there emerged the idea of
India as a political unit. Thus in the shape of an all India political conference sponsored by the Indian
Association he had set the stage for a more practical demonstration of the newly awakened sense of
political unity of India.
Statement 3 is correct: The first session of the National Conference was held in Calcutta on December
28-30, 1883. Immediately after the conclusion of the second session of the National Conference in
Calcutta, the first session of the Indian National Congress was held in Bombay (December 28, 1885).
Since he was preoccupied with the second session of the National Conference in Calcutta could not attend
it.
Q 11.A
The 19th century witnessed the growing importance of scientific education as the key to national
improvement as was promoted by the various reformers of the time. Science was considered as a
universal sign of modernity and progress and came to be recognised as the language of reform. For the
promotion of scientific education numerous associations were formed, some of which are as follows:
Mahendra Lal Sircar founded Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science in 1876. The
discourse was first started by a small circle of enlightened Calcutta elite but it was soon universalised, as
it spread to other provinces through the development of a new print culture.
Banaras Debating Club founded in 1861, Aligarh Scientific Society founded by Sayyid Ahmed Khan
in 1864 and the Bihar Scientific Society founded in 1868 contributed to the discourse on the power of
science.
The Young Bengal Group founded the Society for the Acquisition of General Knowledge where they
discussed various aspects of the Western Sciences and stood for a number of social reforms such as the
prohibition of the caste taboos, child marriage, kulin polygamy or the ban on widow remarriage.
Q 12.B
The Bombay Presidency Association was started by Badruddin Tyabji, Pherozshah Mehta and K.T.
Telang in 1885. Hence statement 1st is correct.

He was the founding member of Indian national congress and the first Muslim who presided the annual
session of congress.Third session of congress held in Madras (1887). Hence statement 2nd is also
correct.
He was not associated with Muslim league.Hence statement 3rd is not correct.
Q 13.D
It was founded by Atmaram Pandurang and Bal Shastri Jambekar in Maharashtra in 1849. Its founders
believed in one God and were primarily interested in breaking caste rules. At its meetings, members took
food cooked by low caste people.
Q 14.D
Statement 1 is correct. By signing a subsidiary alliance, an Indian state virtually signed away its
independence. It lost the right of self defence, maintaining diplomatic relations, of employing foreign
experts, and settling its disputes with its neighbours.
Statement 2 is correct. The system tended to bring about internal decay of the protected states. The cost
of subsidiary force provided by the British was very high, much beyond the paying capacity of state and
that increased burden on people for its collection and hence it degraded the economy and impoverished
the people.
Statement 3 is correct because the subsidiary alliance policy led to disbandment of states armies and
lakhs of Soldiers lost their livelihood as British soldiers replaced them.
Q 15.D
British Army in India fulfilled four important functions, viz. it was the instrument through which the
Indian powers were conquered; it defended the British Empire in India from foreign rivals; it safeguarded
British supremacy from ever present threat of internal revolt and it was the chief instrument for extending
and defending the British Empire in Asia and Africa.
Q 16.A
With a view to strengthening and institutionalizing the mechanism for maintaining financial stability,
enhancing inter-regulatory coordination and promoting financial sector development, the Financial
Stability and Development Council (FSDC) was set up by the Government as the apex level forum in
December 2010.
The Chairman of the Council is the Finance Minister and its members include the heads of financial sector
Regulators (RBI, SEBI, PFRDA, IRDA & FMC) Finance Secretary and/or Secretary, Department of
Economic Affairs, Secretary, Department of Financial Services, and Chief Economic Adviser. The
Council can invite experts to its meeting if required
Q 17.D
Statement 1 is not correct: Lord Wellesley used the system of Subsidiary Alliance. Under his Subsidiary
Alliance system, the ruler of the allying Indian State was compelled to accept the permanent stationing of
a British force within his territory and to pay a subsidy for its maintenance. However Wellesley did not
introduce the policy of Subsidiary Alliance. Long before him the French Chief Dupleix introduced the
policy of lending the European troops in return of a fixed amount of money. The English also adopted the
system. Ever since the governorship of Clive, almost every governor applied it, though with little insight.
The special achievement of Wellesley was that he developed and elaborated the policy and applied in
almost every Indian state.
Statement 2 is not correct: The Treaty of Salbai was concluded with Warren Hastings, after the end of
the First Anglo-Maratha war.
Statements 3 is not correct: The Civil Service was brought into existence by Lord Cornwallis.
Cornwallis, who came to India as Governor-General in 1786, was determined to purify the administration.
He therefore enforced the rules against private trade and acceptance of presents and bribes by officials
with strictness. At the same time, he raised the salaries of the Companys servants. Cornwallis also laid
down that promotion in the Civil Service would be by seniority so that its members would remain
independent of outside influence.

Q 18.B
Statement 1 is correct. Though caste was not a major criterea for membership, most of the member of
the movement belonged to the three higher castes, Brahmans, Kayastha and Baidya. The Brahmo
movement was almost patronised by these groups and although it spread from Calcutta to district towns
and to other provinces, it remained alienated from the masses. The reformers never even tried to take the
reform to the people, as the language of reform, the chaste Sanskritised Bengali prose of Rammohan Roy
for example, remained incomprehensible to the uneducated masses and artisans. Similarly in western
India, the members of the Prarthana Samaj were the English educated Chitpavan and Saraswat Brahmans,
some Gujarati merchants and a few members of the Parsi community. The general high caste character of
the reform movements of the early 19th century explains to a large extent the relative silence on the caste
question.
Statement 2 is correct. Lacking in a broad social base, the reformers of the early nineteeth century
exhibited an intrinsic faith in the benevolent nature of colonial rule and relied more on legilastion for
imposing reforms from above example, Abolition of Sati by 1829 Regulation, Hindu Widows Remarriage
Act, 1856, Age of Consent Act, 1891 etc.
Statement 3 is not correct. There was very little or no attempt to create a reformist social consciousness
at the grass-root level, where religious revivalism later found a fertile ground. These movements remained
confined to a narrow social space, as the reformist spirit only appealed to a small elite group, who were
primarily the economic and cultural beneficiaries o colonial rule.
Q 19.C
Statement 1 is not correct: Haidar Ali was uneducated and illiterate.

Statement 2 is correct: Though uneducated, he was a brilliant commander and a shrewd diplomat.
Cleverly using the opportunities that came his way, he gradually rose in the Mysore army. He soon
recognised the advantages of western military training and applied it to the troops under his own
command. He established a modern arsenal in Dindigul in 1755 with the help of French experts.
Statement 3 is not correct: Almost from the beginning of the establishment of his power, he was
engaged in wars with the Maratha sardars, the Nizam, and the British. In 1769, he repeatedly defeated the
British forces and reached the walls of Madras. He died in 1782 in the course of the second Anglo-Mysore
War and was succeeded by his son Tipu.
Q 20.D
Aravippuram Movement: On the occasion of Sivarathri in 1888, Sri Narayan Guru, despite belonging to
a lower caste installed an idol of Siva at Aavippuram in Kerela in his effort to show that the consecration
of a gods image was not a monopoly of the Brahmins. The event inspired several socio-religious reform
movements in the South, especially the Temple Entry Movement.
Statement 1 is not correct: A movement for the support of widow remarriage was launched in Madras
Presidency by Veerasalingam Pantulu.
Statement 2nd is not correct: Justice Movement: It was started by Mudaliar, Nair and Tyagaraja. It
demanded separate representation for the lower castes in the legislature in Madras Presidency through
Madras Presidency Association in 1917.
Q 21.A
Juangs are a tribal (Adivasi) group of people from the Munda Ethnic group.
They mainly reside in the Keonjhar, Dhenkanal, Angul and Jajpur districts of Odisha.
They speak the Juang language which is accepted as a branch of Austroasiatic languages.
The tribe has been identified as Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs).
The word Phulkari literally means flower-embroidery. The art of Phulkari originated in 15th century
AD in Punjab.
Q 22.D
Lord Ripon appointed the first Indian Education Commission in 1882. The commission was popularly
known as Hunter Commission after the name of its chairman.

It recommended that primary education should be regarded as education of the masses and the medium of
instruction in primary education should be the mother tongue i.e. vernacular languages. It also
recommended for transfer of control of primary education to newly setup district and municipal boards.
(statement 1 and 2 correct).
Statement 3 is incorrect. The Hunter commission completely restricted itself to primary and secondary
education. It did not recommend any such move.
Q 23.D
Statement 1 is not correct: the Governor- General of Bengal was made the Governor-General of India
by the Charter Act of 1833. Lord William Bentick was the first governor-general of India.
Statement 2 is not correct: The Charter Act 1813 abolished East India Company's monopoly of Indian
trade and not the Charter Act of 1853. The Charter Act of 1853 empowered the British East India
company to retain the territories and revenues in India in trust for the Crown not for any specified period
as preceding Charter Acts have provided but only until the Parliament should otherwise direct. This was
framed on the basis of the reports of the select committees of enquiry in 1852.
Raja Ram Mohan Roy's England visit and petitions of Bombay Association and Madras Native
Association resulted into Charter Act of 1853.
Q 24.D
Both the statements are not correct.

Neel Darpan (literally, 'blue mirror') was published by Dinabandhu Mitra which depicted the atrocities of
the indigo planters in Bengal.
The play received wide attention and was translated into English by Michael Madhusudan Dutta. It
succeeded in bringing the peasant issue to the wider arena of institutional politics and this resulted in a
growing pressure on the planters to behave. By 1863, indigo cultivation shifted from Bengal to Bihar.
Q 25.A
The Arya Samaj Movement was an outcome of reaction to Western influences. Dayanand Saraswati, its
founder, rejected Western ideas and sought to revive the ancient religion of the Aryans. He disregarded
the authority of later Hindu scriptures like the Puranas and described them as the work of lesser men and
responsible for the evil practices of idol worship and other superstitious beliefs in Hindu religion.
In 1893, the Arya Samaj split on two issues of meat eating vs Vegetarianism and Anglicised vs. Sanskrit
based education.
Brahmo Samaj was split due to the difference in opinion on the issue of Underage Marriage.
Q 26.B
Lord Dufferin was the governor general of India when Congress was formed.
Q 27.D
In 2016-17, Ministry of Agriculture has allocated 100.00 crore rupees for FMD control under Rashtriya
Krishi Vikas Yojana in
order to achieve the objective of FMD Mukt Bharat in next few years. Foot & Mouth Disease (FMD) is
one of the most economically devastating contagious viral animal diseases affecting all susceptible
cloven-footed animals.
As per the estimates by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), direct loss due to milk and
meat is to the tune of RS. 20,000 crores per annum. In order to prevent economic losses due to Foot and
Mouth Disease, a programme named 'Foot and Mouth Disease Control Programme (FMD-CP)' is under
implementation since 10th Plan Period.
Disease in humans has been reported mainly in connection with consumption of unpasteurised milk, dairy
or unprocessed meat products from infected animals or as a result of direct contact with infected animals
(e.g. farmers and veterinarians).

Q 28.C
All the given books are associated with the economic critique of colonialism which highlighted the
exploitative tendencies of British rule.
'Poverty and un-British rule in India' written by Dadabhai Naoroji brought attention to the draining of
India's wealth into Britain. Hence, Pair 1 is correctly matched.
Romesh Chandra Dutt, a retired ICS officer, published 'The Economic History of India' at the
beginning of the 20th century in which he examined in minute detail the entire economic record of
the colonial rule since 1757. Hence, 2nd pair is not correctly matched.
Surendranath Banerjee published 'A Nation in Making'. Hence, 3rd Pair is correctly matched.
Q 29.B
George Yule was a Scottish merchant in England and India who served as the fourth President of the
Indian National Congress in 1888 at Allahabad, the first non-Indian or European to hold that office. He
served as Sheriff of Calcutta and as President of the Indian Chamber of Commerce.
Q 30.D
Statement 1 is correct. It was believed that modernisation of India would come through English
education and the dissemination of knowledge of the Western sciences. When William Bentinck, a
Utilitarian reformist, took over as governor general in 1828 and Thomas Babington Macaulay was
appointed the law member in his council in 1834, the latter was immediately appointed the President of
the General Committee of Public Instruction. On 2 February 1835 he issued his famous Minute on
Indian Education, which became the blueprint for the introduction of English education in
India. Full of contempt for Oriental learning, Macaulay's Minute asserted that "a single shelf of a good
European library was worth the whole native literature of India and Arabia". What he advocated,
therefore, for the Indians was an education in European literature and sciences, inculcated through the
medium of English language. Such an education, he argued, would create "a class of persons between us
and the millions whom we govern, a class of persons Indian in blood and colour, but English in taste, in
opinions, in morals and intellect". Bentinck immediately endorsed his proposals in an executive order of 7
March 1835, and did not budge from this position despite loud protests from the Orientalists,
Statement 2 is correct. ORIENTALIST-ANGLICIST CONTROVERSY Within the General Committee
on Public Instruction, the Anglicists argued that the government spending on education should be
exclusively for modern studies. The Orientalists said while western sciences and literature should be
taught to prepare students to take up jobs, emphasis should be placed on expansion of traditional Indian
learning. Even the Anglicists were divided over the question of medium of instructionone faction was
for English language as the medium, while the other faction was for Indian languages (vernaculars) for the
purpose. Unfortunately there was a great deal of confusion over English and vernacular languages as
media of instruction and as objects of study. Lord Macaulay's Minute (1835), This famous minute settled
the row in favour of Angliciststhe limited government resources were to be devoted to teaching of
western sciences and literature through the medium of English language alone.
Statement 3 is correct. The British planned to educate a small section of upper and middle classes, thus
creating a class "Indian in blood and colour but English in tastes, in opinions, in morals and in intellect"
who would act as interpreters between the Government and masses and would enrich the vernaculars by
which knowledge of western sciences and literature would reach the masses. This was called the
'downward filtration theory'. Modern ideas, if not education, did filter down to the masses, though not in a
form desired by the rulers, but through political parties, press, pamphlets, public platforms, etc. Modern
education only helped this process by making available the basic literature on physical and social sciences
to nationalists, thus stimulating their capacity to make social analysisotherwise the content, structure
and curricula of modern education served colonial interests.
Q 31.D
Statement 1 is not correct: The East India Company became real master of Bengal from 1765. EICs
army was in sole control of its defence and the supreme political power was in its hands. The Nawab
depended for his internal and external security on the British.
Statement 2 is not correct: The Nawab and his officials had the responsibility of administration but not
the power to discharge it. The -weaknesses of the Government could be blamed on the Indians while its
fruits were gathered by the British. The consequences for the people of Bengal were disastrous: neither
the Company nor the Nawab cared for their welfare. The Company's servants had now the whole Bengal
to themselves and the oppression of the people increased greatly.
Q 32.B
Saranjami System under Marathas was similar to the Jagir system of Mughals where lands were granted
(non-hereditary) for maintenance of troops. The land was mostly in the form of a rural Watan (rights
given in reward for previous service or merit) or Jagir, its owner being entitled to extract revenue from the
villages included in the territory. Saranjamdar was the title given to the landlord or holder of a Saranjam.
Usually it was bestowed on that person for heroic deeds in the military field, thus most Saranjamdars were
former military officers.
Q 33.D
Statement 1 is correct: The English East India Company was founded by a royal charter on 31 December
1600, as a joint stock company of London merchants uniting to combat Dutch competition in Eastern
trade.
Statement 2 is correct: It was given monopoly of all trade from England to the East and was permitted,
even in an age dominated by mercantilist ideas, to carry bullion out of the country to finance its trade. It
was not, however, given any overt mandate at that time to carry on conquest or colonisation. The
Company formally started trading in India from 1613 after settling scores with the Portuguese, who had
arrived at the scene earlier.
Statement 3 is correct: A farman from Mughal emperor Jahangir gave them permission to establish their
factories or warehouses in India, the first factory being set up in Surat in the western coast.
Q 34.C
Statement 1 is not correct: The Doctrine of Lapse was introduced by Lord Dalhousie. It was the chief
instrument of his policy of annexation.
Statement 2 is correct: Under this Doctrine, when the ruler of a protected state died without a natural
heir, his state was not to pass to an adopted heir as sanctioned by the age-old tradition of the country.
Instead, it was to be annexed to the British dominions unless the adoption had been clearly approved
earlier by the British authorities. Many states, including Sataia in 1848 and Nagpur and Jhansi in 1854,
were annexed by applying this doctrine.
Statement 3 is not correct: Satara was the first state to be annexed under the Doctrine of Lapse. Lord
Dalhousie was keen on annexing the kingdom of Avadh. But the task presented certain difficulties. For
one, the Nawabs of Avadh had been British allies since the Battle of Buxar, Moreover, they had been
most obedient to the British over the years. The Nawab of Avadh had many heirs and could not therefore
be covered by the Doctrine of Lapse. Some other pretext had to be found for depriving him of his
dominions. Finally, Lord Dalhousie hit upon the idea of alleviating the plight of the people of Avadh.
Nawab Wajid Ali Shah was accused of having misgoverned his state and of refusing to introduce reforms.
His state was therefore annexed in 1856.
Q 35.D
'100 Million for 100 Million' Campaign is organised by the Kailash Satyarthi Children's Foundation. The
campaign aims to mobilise 100 million youth and children for 100 million underprivileged children across
the world, to end child labour, child slavery, violence against children and promote the right of every child
to be safe, free, and educated, over the next five years. The campaign was launched in December 2016 by
the President of India
Q 36.A
Indian National Congress was founded by a Retired Civil Servant, A.O. Hume and not by any Indian. It
was said that the INC was started by Viceroy Lord Dufferin with the help of an ex-Civil Services member
as a "Safety Valve" against the popular discontent. This theory has been discarded now.

Q 37.D
Statement 1 is correct: The absence of law of primogeniture among the Mughals usually meant a war of
succession among the sons of dying emperor in which the military leaders took sides. The princes of the
royal dynasty receded to the background while the struggle was fought by leaders of rival factions using
royal princes as nominal leaders.
Statement 2 is correct: There were inherent defects in the Mughal military system. The army was
organised on feudal basis where the common soldier owed allegiance to the mansabdar rather than the
Emperor. The soldier looked upon the mansabdar as his chief. The leaders of such armies changed sides
constantly plotting to betray the Mughal kings.
Statement 3 is correct: Recurrent peasant revolts in the late seventeenth and the early eighteenth
centuries are believed to have been a major cause of decline of the Mughal empire. An empire
imposed from above and its gradually increasing economic pressures were never fully accepted by the
rural society and the regional sentiments against a centralised power had also been there. As the
weaknesses of the central power became apparent and the Mughal army faced successive debacles, and at
the same time the oppression of the Mughal ruling class increased, resistance to imperial authority also
became widespread and more resolute. In most cases, these rebellions were led by the disaffected local
zamindars and backed fully by the oppressed peasantry. Eventually the combined pressure of the
zamindars and peasants often proved to be too much for the Mughal authority to withstand.
Q 38.A
A Committee under the Chairmanship of Dr. Mihir Shah was constituted to examine the provisions of the
draft National Water Framework Law and draft River Basin Management Bill and suggest changes/
modifications therein taking into account the emerging challenges in the water sector, reuse of waste water
after treatment, the likely impact of climate change on water resources, importance of river
restoration/rejuvenation, water contamination issues etc.
An overarching National Water Commission to be created to encourage a shift in focus from the construction
of dams to decentralised management and maintenance of water.
The key recommendations include:
The CWC and the CGWB will be included in the proposed National Water Commission. It should be
headed by a Chief National Water Commissioner and should have full-time commissioners representing
Hydrology (present Chair, CWC), Hydrogeology (present Chair, CGWB), hydrometeorology, River
Ecology, Ecological Economics, Agronomy (with focus on soil and water) and Participatory Resource
Planning & Management.
To shift focus of water management from construction to decentralised management and maintenance.
Q 39.B
Black Hole Tragedy:
Fort William was besieged on 15 June 1756 by Nawab Siraj- ud-daula. Following the normal practices of
war, English at Calcutta which included some women and children were lodged in a prison room of the
fort. The number of prisoners is given out as 146 and the dimensions of the prison as 18 feet long by 14
feet 10 inches wide. Out of 146 white prisoners were shut up on 20th June only 23 survived the next
morning when the prison room was opened, the rest having trampled one other down for places near the
window.
The East India authorities used the episode as a propaganda device to malign the Nawab and won support
of the British public opinion for the war of aggression.
Q 40.D
Statement 1 is correct: Farrukhsiyar was the Mughal emperor between 1713 and 1719 after murdering
Jahandar Shah. Jahandar Shah was defeated at the Second Battle of Samugarh near Agra on 10 January
1713. Following this, the Sayyid Brothers, helped Farrukhsiyar to secure his throne.
Statement 2 is correct: Farrukhsiyar was successful in his campaign against the Sikhs and executed
Banda Bahadur in 1716, and recovered Lohagar from the Sikhs.
Statement 3 is correct: It was during Farrukhsiyar's reign in 1717 that the East India Company bought
duty-free trading rights in Bengal for a mere 3,000 rupees. This favor, known as the 'golden farman' aided
the British in later years to establish a firm foothold in India. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
Q 41.C
Earlier, the newspapers were being published in Calcutta, Madras, Bombay, Allahabad only but later the
newspapers started getting published from smaller places also. Since, most of the newspapers were published
from smaller places, they all were in vernacular languages. In 1878, when this act was passed, the number of
English Newspapers was 20 and Vernacular newspapers were 200. These vernacular newspapers made the
people aware of the political affairs and now the people slowly started asking questions for their rights. So, in
the best interest of the Government, Lord Lytton passed the Vernacular Press Act in 1878.
The Vernacular Press Act (VPA) was designed to 'better control' the vernacular press and effectively punish
and repress seditious writing.
The provisions of the Act included the following:
The district magistrate was empowered to call upon the printer and publisher of any vernacular newspaper
to enter into a bond with the Government undertaking not to cause disaffection against the Government or
antipathy between persons of different religions, caste, race through published material; the printer and
publisher could also be required to deposit security which could be forfeited if the regulations were
contravened, and press equipment could be seized if the offence reoccurred.
The magistrate's action was final and no appeal could be made in a court of law.
A vernacular newspaper could get exemption from the operation of the Act by submitting proofs to a
government censor.
The Act came to be nicknamed as "the Gagging Act". The Act was criticized for the following features:
Discrimination between English and vernacular press,
No right of appeal.
Q 42.D
Lord Dalhousie served as Governor General in India from 1848-1856.

Numerous developmental activities took place during the tenure of Dalhousie.
Establishing separate public departments in every province was one of them.
Some of the other activities include: Laying down of first railway line connecting Bombay to Thane in
1853
In 1852 Dalhousie introduced the Electric Telegraph System in India. The first telegraph line from
Calcutta to Agra was opened in 1854, covering a distance of 800 miles. By 1857, it was extended to
Lahore and Peshawar. In Burma a line was laid down from Rangoon to Mandalay. People could send
message from one place to another place very easily by this telegraph system.
The credit of establishing Postal Department also goes to Lord Dalhousie. In 1854 a new Post Office Act
was passed. Under this system, a Director-General was appointed to supervise the work of Post Offices in
all the Presidencies; a uniform rate of half-anna per letter was introduced and for the first time postage
stamps were issued. A postal Department was established for the whole country.
Woods Despatch and opening of Anglo-vernacular schools and government colleges.
Widow Remarriage Act of 1855- 56 was passed which legalized the marriage of Hindu widows.
Q 43.B
During the 18th century ijara system became a common form of revenue assessment and
collection. Ijara means revenue farming. The Ijara was a well-known practice in the land-revenue
administration under the sultans of Delhi. But it fell into disrepute under Sher-shah and Akbar. It was
revived again during the reign of Jahangir, and became quite widespread in the course of seventeenth
century.

Q 44.C
Pair 1 is not correctly matched: A Law Commission was set up under Macaulay for the codification of
Indian laws. As a result, a Civil Procedure Code (1859), an Indian Penal Code (1860) and a Criminal
Procedure Code (1861) were prepared. These codified laws replaced the religious and the personal laws of
the rulers.
Pair 2 is not correctly matched: Cornwallis had taken away from the collectors of their judicial powers
and made them solely responsible for the collection of revenue. As a result, District Judges were
appointed.
Pair 3 is correctly matched: Supreme Court (SC) was set up at Fort William, Calcutta with Lord Chief
Justice and 3 Judges with the passing of 1773 Regulating Act under Warren Hastings.
Q 45.D
Lord William Bentinck 1828-1835:
During his tenure as Governor- general following were the various events that took place:
Abolition of sati and other cruel rites (1829).

Suppression of thugi (1830). Charter Act of 1833.
Resolution of 1835, and educational reforms and introduction of English as the official language.
Annexation of Mysore (1831), Coorg (1834) and Central Cachar (1834).
Treaty of 'perpetual friendship with Ranjeet Singh.
Q 46.B
The incorporation of the markets at Sylhet into the British colonial economy in 1765 marked the
beginning of Khasi subjugation. Around 1790, there were raids in the Khasi regions and finally, the
British fortified the foothills and stopped trading of the Khasi goods in the markets of Sylhet.
Q 47.A
East India Association: The East India Association was organized by Dadabhai Naoroji in 1866 in
London to discuss the Indian question and influence public men in England to promote Indian welfare.
Later, branches of the association were started in prominent Indian cities.
The Indian League: The Indian League was started in 1875 by Sisir Kumar Ghosh with the object of
"stimulating the sense of nationalism amongst the people" and of encouraging political education. The
Indian Association of Calcutta superseded the Indian League and was founded in 1876 by younger
nationalists of Bengal led by Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose, who were getting
discontented with the conservative and pro-landlord policies of the British IndianAssociation. The Indian
Association of Calcutta was the most important of pre-Congress associations and aimed to :(i) create a
strong public opinion on political questions, and(ii) unify Indian people on a common political
programme.
Poona Sarvajanik Sabha: The Poona Sarvajanik Sabha was founded in 1867 by Mahadeo Govind
Ranade and others, with the object of serving as a bridge between the government and the people.
Q 48.D
The Moderates believed that the British people were just, righteous and freedom-loving. They were
further convinced that the British people meant justice to be done to India. If Indians had vertain
grievances, these were only due to reactionary policy of the British bureaucracy in India or ignorance of
the British people about these grievances. The nationalist leaders believed that they need to prepare their
case and present and plead before the British Parliament and nation and their grievances would be
redressed and justice done and put great emphasis on Congress propaganda in England. Thus, a British
Committee of the Indian National Congress was set up in London which published a weekly 'India' for
this .

Q 49.A
The reform movements can be broadly be classified in two categories

Reformist movements like the Brahmo Samaj, the Prarthana Samaj, the Aligarh movement, and
the revivalist movements like Arya Samaj and the Deoband movement. Both the reformist and revivalist
movements depended, with varying degrees, on an appeal to the lost, purity of the religion they sought to
reform. The only difference between one reform movement and the other lay in the degree to which it
relied on tradition or on reason and conscience.
Arya Samaj was founded in Bombay by Dayanand Saraswati . It was a Revivalist movement and the
main principles and objectives of the Arya Samaj are as follows:
Believed in infallibility of Vedas and considers them to be the only truth and source of all knowledge.
Believed that post-vedic texts such as Puranas were responsible for pollution of Vedic religion.
Opposed idol-worship and reincarnation theory of God but accepted the doctrine of Karma and
transmigration of soul.
Dayanand also rejected the theory of destiny / fate. Believed in one God who has no physical existence.
Rejected the Brahmanical dominance of spiritual and social life of Hindus. Denounced the claim of
Brahmins as intermediaries between man and God. Supported Four Varna System but the Varna system
should be based on merit not birth. Advocated equal status for women in the society.
The Arya Samajists started Shuddhi (purification) and Sangathan movements.
Q 50.D
Indian intellectuals of the first half of the 19th century had adopted a positive attitude towards British rule in
the hope that Britain would help modernize India. The process of disillusionment set in gradually after 1860
Leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji, Justice M G Ranade and R C Dutta propounded the drain theory associated
with the colonial rule.
The early leaders highlighted the following issues due to colonial rule:
progressive decline and ruin of Indias traditional handicrafts.

railways had not been coordinated with India's industrial needs.
saw foreign capital as an unmitigated evil which exploited and impoverished India.
criticized the colonial pattern of finance. Taxes were so raised, they averred, as to overburden the
poor while letting the rich, especially the foreign capitalists and bureaucrats, go scot-free.
On the expenditure side, they pointed out that the emphasis was on serving Britains imperial needs while
the developmental and welfare departments were starved.
The nationalist leaders pointed out that a large part of Indias capital and wealth was drained to Britain in
the form of salaries and pensions of British civil and military officials working in India known as home
charges.
Q 51.D
Consequent to India's ratification of the WTO Agreement on Trade Facilitation(TFA) in April 2016, the
National Committee on Trade Facilitation(NCTF) has been constituted The establishment of the
Committee is part of the mandatory, institutional arrangement of the TFA. This prime, inter - ministerial
body on trade facilitation will be chaired by the Cabinet Secretary. Its Secretariat will be housed within
the Central Board of Excise and Customs(CBEC), in the Directorate General of Export Promotion, New
Delhi.
The defined objective behind setting up the NCTF is to have a national level body that will facilitate
domestic co-ordination and implementation of TFA provisions.
The composition of the NCTF is inclusive at the national committee level which will comprise of
Secretaries of all key Departments involved in trade issues like Revenue, Commerce, Agriculture, Home,
Shipping, Health etc. It will also have Chairman CBEC, Chairman Railway Board, and Director General
Foreign Trade as Members. Major trade associations like CII, FICCI, and FIEO etc are also its Members.
Joint Secretary, Customs, CBEC will be its Member Secretary.

Q 52.B
Statement 1 is not correct: It was Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, who started a campaign and wrote in
favor of widow remarriage in Tattva Bodhini Patrika . Raja Ram Mohan Roy highlighted the plight of
widows in his paper- 'The modern encroachment on the Ancient rights of females' (1822).He was the
"Father of Constitutional agitation in India". In the pamphlet "An exposition of the Revenue and Judicial
Systems in India", he raised some very important questions on the administrative system of those times
and also urged the Government to separate the legislative and judicial powers.
Statement 2 is correct: He Believed in a theistic god, protested against epicurean practices of
Vaishnavism; Propagated monotheism, opposed incarnation, sacrifices, existence of priests, idolatry,
superstition, sati; sought for reforms in Hindu society. Journals brought out by Rammohan Roy: Sambad
Kaumudi (1821), Mirat-ul-Akbar etc.
Q 53.A
India won the top UNESCO prize 'Award of Excellence' 2015 for the remarkable conservation efforts of
the majestic Sree Vadakkunnathan Temple in Kerala.
Q 54.C
The HEFA would be jointly promoted by the identified Promoter and the Ministry of Human Resource
Development (MHRD) with an authorised capital of Rs.2,000 crore. The Government equity would be
Rs.1,000 crore.
The HEFA would be formed as a SPV within a PSU Bank/ Government-owned-NBFC (Promoter). It
would leverage the equity to raise up to Rs. 20,000 crore for funding projects for infrastructure and
development of world class Labs in IITs/IIMs/NITs and such other institutions.
The HEFA would also mobilise CSR funds from PSUs/Corporates, which would in turn be released for
promoting research and innovation in these institutions on grant basis.
The HEFA would finance the civil and lab infrastructure projects through a 10-year loan. The principal
portion of the loan will be repaid through the internal accruals (earned through the fee receipts, research
earnings etc) of the institutions. The Government would service the interest portion through the regular
Plan assistance.
All the Centrally Funded Higher Educational Institutions would be eligible for joining as members of the
HEFA.
Q 55.B
Indias first bio-CNG plant has been inaugurated in Pune. Commissioned by city-based Primove
Engineering Private Limited, this plant will use agricultural residue to generate CNG which can be used in
automobiles as fuel.
The process of generation of CNG from agricultural waste involves treating the waste with a special
bacterial solution, after which the gas so generated is cleaned and compressed for use in vehicles. The
plant located in Pirangut, Pune, has been set up as a Proof of Concept (PoC) which can be replicated
elsewhere.
Q 56.C
The Early Nationalists, also known as the Moderates, were a group of political leaders in India active
between 1885 and 1905.
The methods used by the Moderates of passing resolutions and sending petitions were seen as inadequate
by critics who argued that they depended on the generosity of the British instead of relying on their own
strength and challenging the imperialist might. They failed to realise that British and Indian interests
clashed with each other and that Britain was using India's resources to increase its wealth. The Early
Nationalists failed to draw the masses into the mainstream of the national movement such that their area
of influence remained limited to urban educated Indians. In particular, their leadership comprised only
members of professional groups such as lawyers, doctors, journalists and teachers.
In 1887, Dufferin attacked the Early Nationalists in a speech and ridiculed it as representing only a
microscopic minority of the people. British officials criticised the Nationalists and branded its leader as
"disloyal babus" and "violent villains".

Q 57.C
Statement 1 is correct. The Singh Sabha Movement was founded in Amritsar in 1873 with a two-fold
objective: 1) To make available modern western education to the Sikhs; 2)To counter the proselytising
activities of the Christian missionaries as well as Hindu revivalists. For the first objective, a network of
Khalsa schools was established by the Sabha throughout Punjab.
Statement 2 is correct. The Akali movement was an offshoot of the Singh Sabha Movement. It aimed at
liberating the Sikh gurudwaras from the control of the corrupt Udasi Mahants who were a loyalist and
reactionary lot, enjoying government patronage.The Government tried it repressive policies against the
non-violent non-cooperation satyagraha launched by the Akalis in 1921, but had to bow before the
popular demands and passed the Sikh Gurudwaras Act in 1922 which gave the control of gurudwaras to
the Sikh masses to be administered through Shirimani Gurudwara Prabhandhak Committee (SGPC) as the
apex body.The Akali movement was a regional movement but not a communal one. The Akali leaders
played a notable role in the national liberation struggle though some dissenting voices were heard
occasionally.
Q 58.D
The Bill amends the Citizenship Act of 1955 to provide that the following groups of persons will not be
treated as illegal migrants: Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis and Christians from Afghanistan,
Bangladesh and Pakistan. Also, the Bill creates an exception to these migrants with regard to citizenship
qualification. That is, the 11 years' requirement will be reduced to six years. The Bill adds one more
ground for cancelling registration, that is, if the OCI has violated any law that is in force in the country.
Q 59.C
Theosophical movement was founded in the US and India by Madame Blavatsky and Colonel Olcott.
The Indian Section of the Theosophical Society is a component part of the Theosophical Society which
was founded in New York, USA on 17 November 1875 by Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, Henry Steel
Olcott, William Quan Judge and others, and was incorporated under the laws of British India on 3 April
1905 with its Headquarters at Adyar, Madras, India.
Its objectives include -
To form a nucleus of the universal brotherhood of humanity without distinction of race, creed, sex, caste, or
colour. (Hence, 2nd statement is correct.)
To encourage the study of comparative religion, philosophy, and science.

To investigate the unexplained laws of nature and the powers latent in man.
Its aim was never to spread Christianity in India rather to encourage the study of comparative religion,
philosophy, and science. It accepted the Hindu beliefs in reincarnation and karma and drew inspiration
from the philosophy of Upanishads, Samkhya, Yoga and Vedanta schools of thought. The Theosophical
Movement came to be allied with Hindu renaissance. ( Hence, statements 1 and 3 are not correct)
Q 60.C
National Green Corps, popularly known as NGC is a national programme conceptualized and initiated by
the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India. It is a programme to sensitize school
children about environment, its problems and conservation. Started in the year 2001, the programme is
operational across the country through school eco-clubs established for this purpose.
Q 61.D
The most renowned Rajput ruler of the 18th century was Raja Sawai Singh of Amber. He was a
distinguished statesman, lawmaker and reformer.
He founded the city of Jaipur and built upon strictly scientific principles and according to a regular plan.
Its broad streets are intersected at right angles.( Hence, Statement 1 is correct.)
Jai Singh was above everything a great astronomer. He erected observatories with accurate and advanced
instruments, some of them of his own inventions, at Delhi, Jaipur, Ujjain, Varanasi and Mathura. His
astronomical observations were remarkably accurate. He drew up a set of tables, entitled Zij
Muhammadshahi, to enable people to make astronomical observations. He had Euclid's "Elements of
geometry" translated into Sanskrit as also several works on trigonometry and Napier's work on the
construction and use of logarithms.( Hence, Statement 3 is correct).
Jai Singh was also a social reformer. He tried to enforce a law to reduce the lavish expenditure which the
Rajputs had to incur on their daughters weddings. This had given rise to the evil practice of infanticide.
This remarkable prince ruled Jaipur for nearly 44 years from 1699-1743. ( Hence, Statement 2 is
correct).
Statements 1 and 3 are correct. Raja Sawai Jai Singh founded city of Jaipur & also he had Euclids " Elements
of Geometry" translated into Sanskrit.
Statement 2 is correct. To curb Evil practice of infanticide Raja sawai jai singh tried to enforce a law to reduce
lavish expenditure which Rajputs had to incur on their daughters wedding.
Q 62.C
Statement 1 is not correct: The Ryotwari System was established during the tenure of Lord Hastings by
Thomas Munro.Warren Hastings introduced a new system of revenue collection known as the farming
system in 1772. Under this system, European District Collectors, as the nomenclature suggested, were to
be in charge of revenue collection, while the revenue collecting right was farmed out to the highest
bidders. The farming system failed to improved the situation (of shortage of revenue for Companys
expenditure) as the farmers tried to extract as much as possible without any concern for the production
process. The burden of revenue demand on the peasants increased as a result and often it was so onerous
that it could not be collected at all. The net outcome was the ruination of the agricultural population.
Statement 2 is correct: Warren Hastings policy of Orientalism was an expression of his respect for
traditional Indian culture and political pragmatism. He held that in order to establish permanent
institutions of rule, knowledge about the subject population, their social customs, manners and codes, was
a prerequisite. This led to the establishment of Asiatic Society of Bengal, the Calcutta Madrassa and the
Sanskrit College at Benaras. This trend, however, started deteriorating with the end of Hastings rule.
Statement 3 is not correct: The First Rohilla war became a matter of Westminster politics during the
Impeachment of Warren Hastings. Warren Hastings was impeached in England on charges related to the
Rohilla War, the Case of Nanda Kumar, the treatment of Raja Chait Singh of Benares and the pressures on
the Begums of Oudh.
Nanda Kumar was an influential official in Bengal. He was hanged to death by the verdict of the Supreme
Court at Calcutta for a petty offence of forgery. It was contended that Warren Hastings and the judge of
the Supreme Court conspired against Nanda Kumar.
Warren Hastings imposed heavy penalty on the Raja Chait Singh of Benares for his delay in payment of
tribute and deposed him in an unjust manner.
The Begums of Oudh were mother and grandmother of the Nawab of Oudh. Warren Hastings helped the
Nawab by sending his troops to the help of Nawab who squeeze money from the Begums.
Q 63.C
Tax Terrorism can undermine the efforts to improve Ease of Doing business in the country. The tag of
Tax Terrorism is used in the context of practices such as: Retrospective taxation eg: Vodafone pricing
case; imposition of Minimum Alternative Tax.
Q 64.D
All the statements given are not correct.

Statement 1 is not correct: Lord Wellesly set the Fort William College for training of the new recruits
in 1800. In 1806 Welleslys college was disapproved by the Court of Directors and instead the East India
College was set up at Haileybury in England to impart two yearss training to the recruits.
Statement 2 is not correct: Satyendra Nath Tagore was the first Indian to qualify the ICS in 1863.
Satyendra Prasad Sinha was the first Indian to join the Viceroys Executive Council following the reforms
under 1909 Act which provided for the first time the association of Indians with the executive Councils of
the Governors and the Viceroy.

Statement 3 is not correct: In 1886, a Public Service Commission was set up by the government of
India under the chairmanship of C. U. Aitchison to examine the conditions under which Indians could be
appointed to posts ordinarily reserved for the Europeans. It recommended admission of Indians, subject to
their fitness, into the Civil Services but did not favour holding of competitive examination simultaneously
in India for this purpose.
Q 65.A
Ripon's Resolution of 1882: The Government of Ripon desired the provincial governments to apply in
case of local bodies the same principle of financial decentralisation which Lord Mayo's Government had
begun towards them.
The main points of the resolution were as follows:
Development of local bodies advocated to improve the administration and as an instrument of political
and popular education; Policy of administrating local affairs through urban and rural local bodies charged
with definite duties and entrusted with suitable sources of revenues
Non-officials to be in majority in these bodies, who could be elected if the officials thought that it was
possible to introduce elections
Non-officials to act as chairpersons to these bodies
Official interference to be reduced to the minimum and to be exercised to revise and check the acts of
local bodies, but not to dictate policies
Official executive sanction required in certain cases, such as raising of loans, alienation of municipal
property, imposition of new taxes, undertaking works costing more than a prescribed sum, framing rules
and bye-laws, etc. In pursuance of this resolution many Acts were passed between 1883 and 1885 which
greatly altered the constitution, powers and functions of municipal bodies in India. But, an era of effective
local self-governing bodies was still a dream unfulfilled.
Q 66.B
Ilbert Bill was named after Courtenay Peregrine Ilbert, who was a legal adviser to the Council of India.
The bill was introduced in 1883 by Viceroy Ripon, who actually desired to abolish the racial distinction
from the Indian Penal Code. Ripon had proposed an amendment for existing laws in the country and to
allow Indian judges and magistrates the jurisdiction to try British offenders in criminal cases at the
District level.
The Europeans living in India looked it as a Humiliation and the introduction of the bill led to intense
opposition in Britain as well as India (by the British residents). So it was withdrawn but was reintroduced
and enacted in 1884 in a severely compromised state. A defendant would in all cases have the right to
claim trial by a jury of which at least half the members must be European. The amended Ilbert Bill was
passed on 25 January 1884, as the Criminal Procedure Code Amendment Act 1884. It came into force on
May 1, 1884.
Q 67.B
The Azamgarh Proclamation: This proclamation or manifesto was published in the Delhi Gazette on 29
September 1857. The author was most probably Firoz Shah, a grandson of the Mughal Emperor, who
fought against the British in Lucknow and Awadh (Oudh).
Q 68.D
The British East India Company acquired its foothold firmly in Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa by its victories
in the battles of Plassey (1757) and Buxar (1765). In 1799 the British marched on Seringapatam, Tipu's
capital, and defeated his troops. The British annexed much of Mysore outright; they controlled the
remainder through a new sultan they installed. After a series of battles (1775-1782, 1803-1805, 1817-
1818) with the Marathas, the British also succeeded in bringing Maratha lands under their control. After
two wars with the Sikhs, the Sikh state of Punjab was added in 1849.

Q 69.C
Young Bengal movement was founded by Henry Vivian Derozio. He is regarded as Indias first
nationalist poet. The movement was radical in content. A reason which limited its appeal among the
masses as his ideas were not ripe for the social conditions in India at that time.
The movement failed to take up the causes of the peasant and thus failed to have a social support base.
Q 70.B
The Tattwabodhin Sabh ("Truth Propagating/Searching Society") was a group started in Calcutta on in
1893 as a splinter group of the Brahmo Samaj, reformers of Hinduism and Indian Society. The founding
member was Debendranath Tagore. The other faction of the Brahmo Samaj became Brahmo Samaj of
India led by Keshubh Chandra Sen. (Hence, pair 1 is not correctly matched).
Satyashodhak Samaj was established by Jyotirao Phule in Maharastra, in 1873. Its purpose is to liberate
the Shudra and Untouchable castes from exploitation and oppression. ( Hence, pair 2 is correctly
matched).
The Servants of India Society was formed in Pune by Gopal Krishna Gokhale, who left the Deccan
Education Society to form this association. The Society organized many campaigns to promote education,
sanitation, health care and fight the social evils of untouchability and discrimination, alcoholism, poverty,
oppression of women and domestic abuse. ( Hence, pair 3 is correctly matched).
Q 71.D
The Battle of Buxar was fought on 22 October 1764 between the forces under the command of the
British East India Company led by Hector Munro and the combined army of Mir Qasim, the Nawab of
Bengal; the Nawab of Awadh; and the Mughal King Shah Alam II. The battle fought at Buxar, a "small
fortified town" within the territory of Bengal.
The Battle of Wandiwash was the Third Carnatic War fought between the French and the British. It was
a decisive battle in India during the Seven Years' War. fter making substantial gains in Bengal and
Hyderabad, the British, after collecting huge amount of revenue, were fully equipped to face the French in
Wandiwash. Thus, they defeated the French comprehensively in this Battle.
The Battle of Chillianwala was fought in January 1849 during the Second Anglo-Sikh War in the
Chillianwala region of Punjab. The battle was one of the bloodiest fought by the British East India
Company. Both armies held their positions at the end of the battle and both sides claimed victory. The
battle was a strategic check to immediate British ambitions in India and a shock to British military
prestige.
The Battle of Pollilur, also known as the Battle of Polilore or Battle of Perambakam, took place on 10
September 1780 at Pollilur near the city of Kanchipuram in present-day Tamil Nadu state, India as part of
the Second Anglo-Mysore War. It was waged between two forces commanded by Tipu Sultan of the
Kingdom of Mysore, and Colonel William Baille of the British East India Company.
Q 72.B
Dadani merchants were merchants who worked on advance payments or dadan. There was a natural
communion of interests between the Indian mercantile community and the European traders in Bengal, as
many of the Indian merchants were operating in collaboration with the English Company and private
traders, acting as their dadani merchants supplying them textiles from the interior in exchange for
advances or dadan.
Q 73.D
NAVIC (Navigation with Indian Constellation) is India's indigenous global navigation satellite system.
Consisting of a constellation of three geostationary, four geosynchronous and two on-standby satellites,
NAVIC will facilitate accurate real-time positioning and timing services over India and the region around it
extending to 1,500 km.
It will provide two services:
Free service for the use of civilians. This service is called Standard Positioning Service (SPS) and will
have an accuracy of up to 20 metres.
Strongly encrypted service for military use. This is called Restricted Service (RS) and will have an
accuracy of up to 10 cm.
Q 74.D
Statement 1 is correct. Roy represented a generation of Indians who believed that modernisation of India
would come through English education and dissemination of knowledge of Western sciences. Roy sent a
memorandum to the governor general protesting against the founding of the Sanskrit College in Calcutta
which was proposed by the General Committee of Public Instruction (dominated by the Orientalists who
believed in advancement of the Indian classical literature).
Statement 2 is correct. He was strongly influenced by rationalist ideas, he declared that the Vedanta is
based on reason. He aimed at reforming Hinduism in the light of reason, by going back to its purist form
as enshrined in the Vedanta texts.
Statement 3 is correct. In 1814, he established the Atmiya Sabha, a precursor in the socio-religious
reforms in Bengal.
Q 75.A
Statement 1 is correct. Sen was made the acharya by Debendranath Tagore soon after the former joined
the Samaj in 1858. He brought in an element of radicalism into the movement, by attacking caste system,
by focusing on the question of women's rights, by promoting widow remarriage and inter-caste marriages,
cosmopolitanisation of the Samaj's meetings by inclusion of teachings from all religions and by raising the
issue of caste status of the Brahmo preachers, a position hitherto reserved for the Brahmans alone. He
renewed the attention to the social reforms. But this radicalism also brought first rift within the Brahmo
movement.
Statement 2 is correct. The Movement was actually taken out of the limited elite circles of Calcutta
literati into the district towns of East Bengal by Sen and Bijoy Goswami. Sen's specific focus was to reach
larger number of non-Westernised Bengalis in the eastern Gangetic plains and to take the movement
outside Bengal to United Provinces, Punjab, Bombay, Madras etc.
Statement 3 is not correct. After dismissal from the Brahmo Samaj, Sen founded the Brahmo Samaj of
India along with his followers in 1866, while Debendranath's Samaj came to be known as Adi (original)
Brahmo Samaj. In 1878, Sen's inexplicable act of getting his thirteen year old daughter married with the
minor Hindu Maharaja of Cooch-Behar with all the orthodox Hindu rituals cause another split in Sen's
Brahmo Samaj of India. After 1878, the disgusted followers of Sen set up a new organisation, the
Sadharan Brahmo Samaj. By this time successive ideological rifts and organisiational divisions had
weakened the Brahmo movement, confining it to the small elite group. And then it succumbed to a neo-
Hindu aggressive campaign for "revivalism", rather than "reformism", as a bold assertion of Hindu
identity. These developments signified the perennial dilemmas of Indian modernisation, which continued
to be rooted in Indian traditions.
Q 76.A
During the dual government arrangement of East India Company the term 'investments' refers to the
purchase of Indian goods made by the company out of the revenue of Bengal government for the purpose
of export to England.
This acted as one of the sources of initial drain out of the wealth of Bengal in general and India in
particular.
Q 77.A
Portuguese hold over the coastal areas and superiority in naval power helped them significantly. By the
end of the 16th century, the Portuguese captured not only Goa, Daman, Diu, and Salsette but also a vast
stretches along the Indian coast.
The French establishments included Pondicherry, Karikal and Yanaon on the Coromandel Coast, Mahe on
the Malabar Coast and Chandernagor in Bengal.
Danish colonies in India included the towns of Tranquebar(Tamil Nadu)Serampore (West Bengal) and the
Nicobar Islands.
The Dutch, during their stay in India, tried their hands on the minting of coinages. As their trade
flourished they established mints at Cochin, Masulipattam, Nagapatam Pondicherry and Pulicat. Even
more, Gold pagoda with an image of Lord Venkateswara, (god Vishnu) was issued at Pulicat mint. The
coins issued by the Dutch were all modelled on the local coinages.

Q 78.D
Statement 1 is correct. While the didactic nationalism of the Brahmo Samaj appealed more to the
intellectual elite in Bengal, the average Bengali found more emotional satisfaction in the cult of bhakti
and yoga which formed the basis of the teachings of Ramkarishna Paramhansa (1834-86). He founded the
Ramakrishna Math at Belur. He sought salvation through tradional ways or renunciation
and bhakti admist increasing westernisation
Statement 2 is correct. Parmhansa's spirituality and compassion for the suffering humanity inspired those
who listened to him. He used to say, "Service of man is the sevice of God". Swami Vivekanand advocated
doctrine of service of all beings. The service of jiva (living objects) is the worship of Siva. Life itself is
religion. By service, the Divine exists within the man. Vivekanand encouraged the use the technology and
modern science in the service of mankind. Ever since its inception, the Mission has been running a
number of schools, hospitals, dispensaries. It offers help to the afflicted n times of natural calaimities like
famines, floods and epidemics. The Mission has developed into a world-wide organisation.
Statement 3 is correct. Unlike the Arya Samaj, the Mission recognises the utility and value of image
worship in developing spiritual fervour and worship of the eternal omnipotent God, although it
emphasises the essential spirit and not the symbols or rituals.
Q 79.D
All the statements are correct.

The ryots of Deccan region of western India suffered heavy taxation under the Ryotwari system. Here
again the peasants found themselves trapped in a vicious network with the moneylender as the and the
main beneficiary. These moneylenders were mostly outsiders Marwaris or Gujaratis. The conditions
had worsened due to a crash in cotton prices after the end of the American civil war in 1864, the
Government's decision to raise the land revenue by 50% in 1867, and a succession of bad harvests.In
1874, the growing tension between the moneylenders, and the peasants resulted in a social boycott
movement organised by the ryots against the "outsider" moneylenders. The ryots refused to buy from their
shops. No peasant would cultivate their fields. The barbers, washermen, shoemakers would not serve
them. This social boycott spread rapidly to the villages of Poona, Ahmednagar, Sholapur and Satara.
The Government succeeded in repressing the movement. As a conciliatory measure, the Deccan
Agriculturists Relief Act was passed in 1879.
Q 80.A
NASA has successfully launched a space probe - OSIRIS-Rex (Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource
Identification-Regolith Explorer) for a near earth asteroid Bennu.
This will be NASAs first asteroid sampling mission.
This spacecraft will reach Bennu by 2108 and then without landing on the asteroid capture 2 ounces of
dust with its robotic arm and then begun its return trip to earth.
This $1 billion mission will help scientists unravel how life began on Earth, how the solar system formed,
and
How to protect our planet from stray asteroids like Bennu.
Q 81.B
Balochistan is one of the four provinces of Pakistan, located in the southwestern region of the country. Its
provincial capital and largest city is Quetta. It shares borders with Punjab and the Federally Administered
Tribal Areas to the northeast, Sindh to the southeast, the Arabian Sea to the south, Iran to the west, and
Afghanistan to the north. There is an ongoing separatist movement in this province.
Balochistan is also the location of massive Chinese investments in Pakistan. The controversial China-
Pakistan Economic Corridor passes through it.
Also the Chinese funded Gwadar port is located here.
Q 82.C
Statement 1 is correct: The Queen's Proclamation declared against any "desire for extensions of
territorial possessions" and promised to "respect the rights, dignity, and honor of Native Princes".
It withdrew the policy of Doctrine of Lapse implemented by Lord Dalhousie for annexing Indian states.

Statement 2 is correct: The Proclamation of 1858 contained an assurance that " our subjects, of whatever
race or creed, be freely, and impartially admitted to office in our service, the duties of which they may be
qualified by their education, ability and integrity duly to discharge". To give expression to this pledge the
Indian Civil Services Act of 1861 was passed, which provided for an annual competitive examination to
be held in London for recruitment to the Covenanted Civil Service.
Q 83.D
Statement 1 is correct: National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) is an umbrella organization for
all retail payments system in India. It was set up with the guidance and support of the Reserve Bank of
India (RBI) and Indian Banks Association (IBA).
Statement 2 is correct: It is a body promoted by RBI and has presently ten core promoter banks (State
Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, Canara Bank, Bank of Baroda, Union bank of India, Bank of India,
ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank, Citibank and HSBC). It has been incorporated as a Section 25 company under
Companies Act and is aimed to operate for the benefit of all the member banks and their customers.
Statement 3 is correct: RuPay, a new card payment scheme has been launched by the National Payments
Corporation of India (NPCI), which will allow all Indian banks and financial institutions in India to
participate in electronic payments.
Q 84.C
Ahmadiya Movement: This movement was founded by Mirza Ghulam Ahmed in 1889. It was based on
liberal principles. It described itself as the standard-bearer of Mohammedan Renaissance, and based itself,
like the Brahmo Samaj, on the principles of universal religion of all humanity, opposing jihad (sacred war
against non-Muslims). The movement spread western liberal education among the Indian Muslims.
However, the Ahmadiya Movement, like Baha'ism which flourished in the West Asian countries, suffered
from mysticism.
The Deoband School: The Deoband Movement was organized by the orthodox section among the
Muslim ulema as a revivalist movement with the twin objectives of propagating pure teachings of the
Quran and Hadis among Muslims and keeping alive the spirit of jiliad against the foreign rulers.The
Deoband Movement was established in Deoband in Saharanpur district (United Provinces) in 1866 by
Mohammad Qasim Nanotavi (1832-80) and Rashid Ahmed Gangohi (1828-1905) to train religious leaders
for the Muslim community. In contrast to the Aligarh movement, Which aimed at the welfare of Muslim
through western education and support of the British Government, the aim of the Deoband Movement was
moral and religious regeneration of the Muslim community. The instruction imparted at Deoband was in
original Islamic religion.
Titu Mir's Movement: Mir Nithar Ali, popularly known as Titu Mir, was a disciple of Sayyid Ahmed
Raebarelvi, the founder of the Wahabi Movement. Titu Mir organized the Muslim peasants of Bengal
against the Hindu landlords and the British indigo planters. The movement was not as militant as the
British records made it out to be; only in the last year of Titu's life was there a confrontation between him
and the British police. He was killed in action in 1831.
Q 85.B
One of the first public rifts in the Congress was witnessed during the debates that surrounded the issue of
raising the age of consent from 10 to 12 years, which was brought up by reformers in Poona to prevent
the rape of young girls in marriage. Ranade had initiated discussions on the issue of infant marriage and
minimum marriageable age in 1881 within the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha. In 1884 Malabari presented
his Notes on Infant Marriage and Enforced Widowhood to Lord Ripon, asking for legislative action to
increase the marriageable age for girls. Moderate Congress leaders like Ranade, K. T. Telang, Gopal
Rao Agarkar and R. G. Bhandarkar came out in strong support of Behramji Malabaris initiative.
The one Congress leader who conspicuously stood in opposition to such legislation was Tilak. The Act
was vigorously being debated in the public sphere and it faced the strongest orthodox reaction in Bengal,
reminiscent of earlier reactions to the Widow Remarriage Act passed in 1856. But in the Bombay
presidency Tilak turned the issue into a national debate, condemning state interference in the inner lives of
Hindu society. He built it up as a colonial affront on Hindu pride and honour that had to be protected.
Initially Tilak had argued that public opinion had to first change before such a radical legislation could be
undertaken, but gradually his position became more conservative and dogmatic.
Q 86.D
Tipu's toy tiger depicted a a tiger mauling a European soldier. When its handle was turned the toy tiger
roared and the soldier shrieked. This toy tiger is now kept in the Victoria and Albert Museum in London.
The British took it away when Tipu Sultan died defending his capital Seringapatam on 4 May 1799.
The British Seringapatam medal shows a lion defeating a tiger in battle; an Arabic language banner on the
medal displays the words "Lion of God the Conqueror". The medal commemorated the British victory at
the 1799 Battle of Seringapatam (in the town now known as Srirangapatna) over Tipu Sultan- who used
tigers as emblems, as opposed to the British emblematic use of lions.
Q 87.D
The Prarthana Samaj (also Prayer Society in english) was founded in Maharashtra by Dr. Atmaram
Pandurang in 1867 under the influence of Brahmo leader Keshab Chandra Sen. Later, Justice Mahadev
Govind Ranade and historian Ramkrishna Bhandarkar also joined the Prarthana Samaj.
Besides the Brahmo movement, the socio-religious reform movements of Prarthana Samaj contributed for
the welfare of the society.
Statement 1 is not correct : The members of the Prarthana Samaj remained inside the Hindu fold as pure
Hindus. They never thought of making themselves distinct from others. Their approach was not
confrontation with Hindu orthodoxy , but they relied on education and persuasion. Their aim was to attack
the evils from inside and to reform the society as its faithful members.
Statement 2 is not correct : They believed in One God( monotheism) and social reforms based on
'works' rather than 'faith'.
The Prarthana Samaj felt greatly attracted towards Western education. It was their conviction that real
changes in the society were impossible without the spread of European science and ideas. Therefore of its
prime objectives was to establish English schools and popularize Western education. In Bombay and
Maharashtra regions, the Samaj became active in educational enterprises.
Q 88.B
Wood's Dispatch (1854) - Charles Wood was a British Liberal politician and Member of Parliament who
served as Chancellor of the Exchequer and later he became the President of the Board of Control of the
East India Company. In 1854 he sent the Woods despatch to the Governor General Lord Dalhousie. As
per this despatch: An education department was to be set in every province. Universities on the model of
the London University be established in big cities such as Bombay, Calcutta and Madras. Later more
universities were opened in Punjab in 1882 and at Allahabad 1887. At least one government school be
opened in every district. Affiliated private schools should be given grant in aid. The Indian natives should
be given training in their mother tongue also. Woods Despatch is called Magnacarta of English Education
in India.
Lord Macaulay's Minute (1835) - This famous minute envisaged that the limited government resources
were to be devoted to teaching of western sciences and literature through the medium of English language
alone. Lord Macaulay held the view that "Indian learning was inferior to European learning"-which was
true as far as physical and social sciences in the contemporary stage were concerned.The Government
soon made English as the medium of instruction in its schools and colleges and opened a few English
schools and colleges instead of a large number of elementary schools, thus neglecting mass education.
The British planned to educate a small section of upper and middle classes, thus creating a class "Indian
in blood and colour but English in tastes, in opinions, in morals and in intellect" who would act as
interpreters between the Government and masses and would enrich the vernaculars by which knowledge
of western sciences and literature would reach the masses. This was called the 'downward filtration
theory'.
The Aitchison Commission (Public Service Commission) was set up in 1886 under the chairmanship of
Sir Charles Umpherston Aitchison to come up with a scheme for fulfilling the claims of Indians to higher
and more extensive employment in public service.
Saddler commission (1917) : The major objective of this commission was to free the universities from
the burden of the secondary education, so that they can wholly focus on the Higher education. This
resulted in the creation of Board of secondary education in the Provinces; United Province was the first to
have such board. The secondary education was separated from the University education and admission to
the university was upgraded from metric level to intermediate level. The Saddler Commission also

recommended the use of mother tongue as a medium of instruction in the intermediate
colleges. Education was made a provincial subject. It also recommended for the creation of Inter
University Board for coordination among the universities.
Q 89.D
The rising Indian nationalist movement demanded improved civic life in line with improved civic life in
Britain. This puts pressure on the British government to implement the same. As, the britisher thought
lower civic amenities would result in dicontent among themasses which could act as a seed of
revolution. (statement 1 is correct)
Financial difficulties led the government to further decentralise administration. The british government in
India was burdened with the expenditure on railways and defense. Expenditure on improving civic life
would likely to put an additional burden, to avoid it , they decentralised the expenditure by forming local
bodies. This helped in easy levying of tax for civic amenities, as it would not hamper the central pool
taxes and people would not mind for being taxed for their own improvement.(statement 2 is correct)
This also helped the British in associating Indians with the colonial government without hampering the its
political interest. (statement 3 is correct).
Q 90.C
Dhara Mustard Hybrid-11 or DMH-11 is a genetically modified variety of mustard developed by the
Delhi University's Centre for Genetic Manipulation of Crop Plants. In August 2016, Technical sub-
committee of India's genetic engineering regulator has concluded that the genetically modified variety
DMH-11 did not "raise any public health or safety concerns for human beings or animals".
Q 91.B
Under the Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitats of the Ministry of EF&CC, recovery programs for
sixteen species have been prioritized for taking up such recovery programs which include:
Mammals: Snow Leopard, Bustards (including Floricans), Hangul, Nilgiri Tahr, Asian Wild Buffalo,
Manipur Brow-antlered deer, Malabar civet, the great one-horned rhinoceros, Asiatic Lion, Swamp deer.
Aquatic: River Dolphin, Marine Turtles, Dugongs and coral reefs.
Birds: Edible-nest Swiftlets, Nicobar Megapode, Vultures, and Jerdon's Courser
Q 92.D
The modern educated Indians did not support the revolt as they were repelled by the rebels' appeals to
superstition and their opposition to progressive social measures. (Statements 1 and 2 are correct).
They mistakenly believed that the British rule would help India accomplish tasks of modernisation which
was hindered by the feudal mindset at that time. (Statement 3 is correct).
Q 93.A
Statement 1 is correct: Local manufacturing class in England attacked the trade monopoly of company
and wanted India to be market of its finished goods.
Statement 2 is not correct: Charter Act of 1813 initiated this process by which trade to India (except tea)
was thrown open to all.
Statement 3 is not correct: After the industrial revolution, Indian export of raw materials like raw cotton,
silk and plantation goods like tea and indigo increased.
Q 94.C
The Ramosis, who served in the lower ranks of the Maratha army and police, revolted in Satara in 1822,
under the leadership of Chittur Singh in protest against heavy assessment of land revenue and the harsh
methods of its collection. The Ramosis plundered the regions around Satara and attacked the forts.
In 1825-26, they again rose up in rebellion under the banner of Umaji on account of acute famine and
scarcity in Pune. For three years they ravaged the Deccan. Finally, the British Government pacified them
not only by condoning their crimes but also by offering them land grants and recruiting them in the Hill
Police.
Ramosi peasants Uprising (1877-1887) in Maharashtra, the first of the revolutionary activities here, was
the organisation of the Ramosi Peasant Force by Vasudev Balwant Phadke in 1879, which aimed to rid the
country of the British by instigating an armed revolt by disrupting communication lines. It hoped to raise
funds for its activities through dacoities. It was suppressed prematurely.
Tinkathia system was practiced by the European planters in areas of Champaran and Kheda, forcing
peasants to grow Indigo on 3/20 of the total land. Post Champaran Satyagraha (1917), this system was
successfully abolished through the Champaran Agrarian Act. Hence the answer is (c).
Q 95.A
Large number of independent and semi-independent states arose in 18th century like Bengal, Avadh,
Marathas, Mysore, Punjab etc. The rulers of these states established law and order and viable economic
and administrative states.
The politics of these states were invariably non-communal or secular, the motivation of their rulers being
similar in economic and political terms.The rulers did not discriminate on religious grounds in public
appointments. While these states prevented any break down of internal trade and even tried to promote
foreign trade, they did nothing to modernize the industrial or commercial structure of their states.
Q 96.C
The early moderates believed that the British Government was ignorant of Indian problems and if it would
come to know them, it would take measures to remove them. They tried to enlighten British public opinion
and parliament concerning Indian affairs.
Quite strategically, the Congress did not demand independence in the early stages of the national movement.
Under the moderates, the Indian National Congress submitted its grievances in the form of petitions before the
British Government. Its early demands included:
Increased participation of Indians in the legislative assembly

Indianisation of civil services
Providing more funds for educating Indians
Reduction of military expenditure and tax burden
All the demands were very moderate.
Q 97.A
Indian Councils Act 1892: The main provisions of this Act were as follows:
Number of additional members in Imperial Legislative Councils and the Provincial Legislative Councils
was raised. In Imperial Legislative Council, now the governor-general could have ten to sixteen non-
officials.
Some of these additional members could be indirectly elected Thus an element of election was introduced
for the first time.
Discussion on the Budget.
Provision to ask Questions.
But there were certain limitations of these reforms:
The officials retained their majority in the council, thus leaving ineffective the non-official voice.
The 'reformed' Imperial Legislative Council met, during its tenure till 1909, on an average for only
thirteen days in a year, and the number of unofficial Indian members present was only five out of
twentyfour.
The budget could not be voted upon, nor could any amendments be made to it.
Supplementaries could not be asked, nor could answers be discussed.

Q 98.A
Statement 1 is correct: Ranjit Singh built up a powerful, disciplined, and -well-equipped army along
European lines with the help of European instructors. He set up modern foundries to manufacture cannon
at Lahore. It is said that he possessed the second best army in Asia, the first being the army of the English
East India Company,
Statement 2 is not correct: He did not make any changes in the system of land revenue promulgated
earlier by the Mughals. The amount of land revenue was calculated on the basis of 50 per cent of the gross
produce.
Statement 3 is not correct: He was tolerant and liberal in religious matters. Many of his important
ministers and commanders were Muslims and Hindus. The most prominent and trusted of his ministers
was Fakir Azizuddin, while his Finance Minister was Dewan Dina Nath.
Q 99.B
Statement 1 is not correct. Lord Cornwallis relieved the zamindars of their police duties. Bentick
abolished the office of SP. The collector/magistrate was made the head of the police force in his
jurisdiction and the commissioner in each divison was to act as the SP. this arrangement resulted in a
badly organised police force, putting a heavy burden on the collector/magistrate.
Statement 2 is correct. Lord Cornwallis organised a regular police force to maintain law and order by
going back to and modernising the old Indian system of thanas (circles) in a district under a daroga (an
Indian) and a superitendent of police (SP) at the head of a district.
Q 100.B
Statement 1 is not correct: A Peshwa was the equivalent of a modern Prime Minister in the Maratha
Empire. The position was originally not created to be hereditary however, under the Chitpavan Brahmin
Bhat family, the Peshwas became the de facto hereditary administrators of the Confederacy. The Peshwa's
office was most powerful under Baji Rao I.
Statement 2 is correct: Originally, the Peshwas served as subordinates to the Chatrapati (the Maratha
king), but later, they became the de facto leaders of the Marathas, and the Chatrapati was reduced to a
nominal ruler. However, they continued be ranked below the Chatrapati in the Maratha Kingdom.
Statement 3 is not correct. Shivaji Maharaj was the Maratha king or Chatrapati. After coronation of
Shivaji Maharaj in 1674, he appointed Moropant Trimbak Pingle as the first Peshwa.
Copyright by Vision IAS

All rights are reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in
any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission
of Vision IAS.

Test 18 - Ans

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Test 18 - Ans

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

VISIONIAS

ANSWERS & EXPLANATION

All the pairs are correctly matched.

Important events during Lord Lytton's time (1876-1880)

2 www.visionias.in Vision IAS

3 www.visionias.in Vision IAS

4 www.visionias.in Vision IAS

Statement 1 is not correct: Haidar Ali was uneducated and illiterate.

5 www.visionias.in Vision IAS

Both the statements are not correct.

6 www.visionias.in Vision IAS

8 www.visionias.in Vision IAS

The key recommendations include:

Black Hole Tragedy:

The provisions of the Act included the following:

Lord Dalhousie served as Governor General in India from 1848-1856.

10 www.visionias.in Vision IAS

Lord William Bentinck 1828-1835:

Abolition of sati and other cruel rites (1829).

11 www.visionias.in Vision IAS

The reform movements can be broadly be classified in two categories

progressive decline and ruin of Indias traditional handicrafts.

12 www.visionias.in Vision IAS

13 www.visionias.in Vision IAS

To encourage the study of comparative religion, philosophy, and science.

All the statements given are not correct.

15 www.visionias.in Vision IAS

The main points of the resolution were as follows:

16 www.visionias.in Vision IAS

It will provide two services:

18 www.visionias.in Vision IAS

All the statements are correct.

19 www.visionias.in Vision IAS

21 www.visionias.in Vision IAS

Increased participation of Indians in the legislative assembly

All the demands were very moderate.

But there were certain limitations of these reforms:

23 www.visionias.in Vision IAS

Copyright by Vision IAS

24 www.visionias.in Vision IAS

You might also like