Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Sydney Alexander
LAS 13525
Professor Drake
Annotated Bibliography
10 March 2017
Annotated Bibliography
http://www.bt.ucsd.edu/gmo.html
risks of Bacillus thuringiensis proteins and genes in GMO crops. The different ways of
moving genes and the techniques used are also discussed in this journal. In addition to
genetically modified crops, other genetically modified products such as insulin, thyroid
hormones, and Aspartame are introduced and briefly discussed. This source combines the
background of GMOs, the variety of products that are genetically engineered, and how
exactly this is done are some of the key points that contribute to the content.
The overall quality and usefulness of this source was successful. The intended
audience is scholars. The author of this source is a professor from the University of
California San Diego, which contributes to the overall authority of this source. The slight
bias that is shown in this journal is supporting GMOs and the potential introduction of
new products through the use of genetic engineering. The purpose of this source is to
inform other scholars of the findings regarding GMOs and the possible effect. This
source is important for the research being conducted because there is useful information
place by legislation. Protein and DNA-based methods are discussed in this article in
regards to genetically modified organisms. There have been new approaches introduced
to conduct research on areas of genetically modified organisms that have not yet been
explored. There are methods such as, screening, identification, and confirmation
strategies that need to be examined when determining the positive and negatives of
GMOs.
This source was published in 2002. The intended audience of this source is
scholars because of the overall vocabulary and content that is somewhat advanced for the
general public. The credibility of this author is substantial. The department of radiation
oncology, The Brody School of Medicine, and East Carolina University in Greenville
have all been involved in the contributions to the research of this journal. There is a slight
bias regarding GMOs and the need for further research on the topic before there is such
an abundance of GMOs used. The intentions of this source are to inform the intended
audience and fellow scholars. This source is important for the research of GMOs because
it introduced new information and also new methods for GMO detection that are
extremely useful.
cons, and current legislation. Critical Reviews in Food, Science, and Nutrition , 45(5),
This article discusses the appeal to functional foods by the public. Functional
foods are a relatively new category of food that have certain properties such as,
antioxidant, anticancer, anti-aging, low cholesterol, etc. A main concern of the public
regarding these functional foods is the lack of information on them that could have
unknown health issues associated with them. This article discusses the issues regarding
these functional foods and ways that these issues can be addressed.
The overall quality of this article is extremely useful. There is valuable and
informative information located in this article. The intended audience of this source ar
scholars. There is a slight bias towards the unknown risks associated with the functional
foods discussed. The purpose of this article is to inform the general public on issues that
could arise with functional foods. This source is useful for further research regarding the
topic of GMOs because GMOs are considered to be a functional food because of the
4. Dona , A. (2008). Health risks of genetically modified foods . Critical Reviews in Food
http://www.tandfonline.com
This source discusses the concerns regarding the safety of GMOs. Included are
results from studies of genetically modified foods and the possible health effects on
humans. Animal toxicity is one common concern of GMOs and this article suggests that
the several studies show that there may be a toxic affect on several organs and systems
from the result of consumption of GMOs. The prevalence of GMOs in the world today is
continuing to increase and this could be concerning because there has not been enough
This source was written in 2008 so it is still very relevant to the issues
surrounding GMOs today. This article is form the journal of Critical Reviews in Food
Science and Nutrition, which contributes to the credibility of this source. The intended
audience is the general public. There is a bias towards the use of GMOs and the health
concerns surrounding them. The purpose of this article is to inform as well as educate the
general public about GMOs. This source is important and proves to be extremely useful
genetically modified food: Review and implications for food policy . Food Policy , 33(2),
is released on genetically modified food. The uncertainty of the public is addressed and
acknowledged in this source. The acceptance of the public regarding GMOs is still
uncertain and this article attempts to explain how those uncertain attitudes can be
audience is a scholarly audience. The credentials of this author are trustworthy because
the publishing of the information in a journal is credible. The author of this book is apart
of the Department of Agriculture and Food Economics and this contributes to the
authority because of the experience and knowledge maintained from being apart of this
department. There is a bias towards the lack of consistency in the research that has been
conducted. The intentions of this article is to address the public about the flaws in studied
of GMOs and how the general public can address the uncertainties of GMOs. This source
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has importance because of the different information addressed regarding the actual
reactions of the public to GMOs and this could be useful in further research.
http://responsibletechnology.org/gmo-education/the-ge-process/
process. The transfer of genes from DNA of one species is forced into the genes of an
unrelated plant or animal and the result is a genetically modified organism. The foreign
genes may come from bacteria, viruses, insects, animals, or humans. This source
thoroughly explains the process that is completed in order for a GMO to result.
engineering process.
This website was published in 2003 so the information is relatively current. The
intended audience is a scholarly audience. The author of this source has been credited
with improving government policies and influencing consumers. This source is apart of
health information available on the Internet. There is a bias present towards the genetic
engineering process and the possible harm from human consumption and also the
accuracy of the process. The purpose of this source is to inform the general public about
the process of genetic engineering and why it can be a harmful way to create new
organisms. This source is important because it ties together the ideas about GMOs and
the harmful nature of them because it offers information on the process of creating these
organisms.
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7. Murnaghan, I. (2017 , March 6). Fact Sheet: Pros vs Cons . Retrieved March 8, 2017 ,
from http://www.geneticallymodifiedfoods.co.uk/fact-sheet-pros-vs-cons.html
The benefits and issues of genetically engineered foods are discussed in this
article. Genetically engineered foods can possibly produce higher crop yields, more
economical benefits, and improved food quality are just a few of the benefits listed. The
issues surrounding genetically modified foods are the possible harm to other organisms in
the ecosystem, potential allergy trigger, and possible the emergence of new disease. By
providing a fact sheet, this source familiarizes the audience with the pros and cons of
foods.
The currency of this source is very relevant because of the updated version from
2017. The intended audience is that of a scholarly audience. There is not an apparent bias
in this source because the pros and cons are both discussed and then a fact sheet is
provided that reveals the truth of the claims made. The purpose of this source is to inform
a scholarly audience about both the pros and cons of genetically engineered foods and
why the previous opinions may be supported or not supported. This source is important
for the further research of GMOs because being unbiased towards GMOs and their
8. Weighing the GMO arguments: against . (2003, March). Retrieved March 8 , 2017 ,
from http://www.fao.org/english/newsroom/focus/2003/gmo8.htm
There are various arguments against the use of GMOs in agriculture and the
potential negative effects on the environment. Some of these arguments are that genes
can end up in unexpected places, harmful effects that genes can mutate, interactions with
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wild and native populations, potential harm on human health, socio-economic effects, etc.
All of the arguments mentioned are supported with reasoning as to why this could be a
potential risk factor of GMOs. The lack of research and knowledge about GMOs could
the key arguments against GMOs is used to support the claim that GMOs could have
audience is scholarly because of the content of the information and the purpose to raise
awareness of common arguments against GMOs. The credentials of this source are
supported by the revision of the source before publishing and the research done on all of
these topics. There is a strong bias regarding GMOs and the reasons to support traditional
farming methods and not genetic engineering. The purpose of this source is to persuade
the general public to argue against GMOs by supporting the claim with common
arguments made against GMOs. This source is important for further research because the
discussion of arguments against GMOs will represent common reasons why GMOs are
9. Kuiper , H. A., & Kleter, G. A. (2001). Assessment of the food safety issues related to
genetically modified foods. The plant journal , 27(6). Retrieved March 9, 2017 , from
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com
Safety evaluation strategies are a key aspect in the safety of foods, especially
GMOs. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development released a guiding
tool for assessing genetically modified foods in 1993. The concept of substantial evidence
between genetically modified organisms and its closest traditional counterpart, and
lastly, the identification of intended and unintended differences on which further safety
This source was published in 2001. The intended audience of this journal is the
general public who are not familiar with the issues regarding the food safety of GMOs.
The authors of this journal have a relatively strong authority because this journal had to
the authors specifically, such as education, are not included in this source. There is not a
strong bias present except towards the suggestion of performing more research on the
health of GMOs. The purpose of this journal is to inform the general public about the
strategies of food evaluation and how exactly these methods are supported or not
supported. This source is important for further research because the strategies of how
genetically modified organisms are assessed is vital in determining the overall safety of
these foods.
10. Finucane , M. L., & Holup, J. L. (2005 ). Psychological and cultural factors affecting
the perceived risk of genetically modified food: an overview of literature . Social Science
http://www.sciencedirect.com
genetically modified foods. There are many differences in the values and circumstances
of people from different parts of the world and realizing these differences can help in
understanding future research. The world economy and the quick globalization can be
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partly responsible for the need to understand cultural differences in the way people
This article was posted in 2005 so it is relatively current. The intended audience is
a scholarly audience. This journal has authority because it is scholarly and peer reviewed
so the information is reliable and accurate. There does not seem to be a bias that is
apparent in this article. The purpose of this article is to educate the general public. This
source will be extremely useful for future research because a different approach is taken