The document discusses several studies related to child labor in urban Nigeria. It summarizes that child labor is an economic necessity for many households but has detrimental effects on children's education by reducing school attendance and punctuality. Working leads to less time for children to study and performs poorly academically. Child labor is driven by factors like weak economic conditions, unemployment, and poverty. It discusses the invisibility of children's work and need for more research on how their labor impacts schooling outcomes.
The document discusses several studies related to child labor in urban Nigeria. It summarizes that child labor is an economic necessity for many households but has detrimental effects on children's education by reducing school attendance and punctuality. Working leads to less time for children to study and performs poorly academically. Child labor is driven by factors like weak economic conditions, unemployment, and poverty. It discusses the invisibility of children's work and need for more research on how their labor impacts schooling outcomes.
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The document discusses several studies related to child labor in urban Nigeria. It summarizes that child labor is an economic necessity for many households but has detrimental effects on children's education by reducing school attendance and punctuality. Working leads to less time for children to study and performs poorly academically. Child labor is driven by factors like weak economic conditions, unemployment, and poverty. It discusses the invisibility of children's work and need for more research on how their labor impacts schooling outcomes.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
OF MEN AND WOMEN FARMERS IN SEMI DESERT AREAS IN JORDAN SOUTH
• LABOR UNIONS & TRAINING IN THE AGE OF
GLOBALIZATION AND INFORMATION
• THE NIGERIAN PUBLIC SERVICE YESTERDAY AND
TODAY: WHAT HOPE FOR TOMORROW?
• DOES CHILD LABOR AFFECT CHILDREN’S
SCHOOL’S ATTENDANCE AND PUNCTUALITY?
• WHAT IS THE CONNECTION BETWEEN
CHILDREN’S HEALTH AND SCHOOL ATTENDANCE? • DOES CHILD LABOR HINDER CHILDREN’S ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE?
• THE PRESENCE OF CHILDREN IN THE HOUSEHOLD
TENDS TO LEAD TO GREATER RESOURCE DILUTION?
• WHAT ARE THE KINDS OF CHILDREN'S ECONOMIC
ACTIVITIES?
SUMMARY!!
The experiences of 1535 children (aged 8 to 14) who combine
work with schooling in urban Nigeria are analyzed, aiming to determine the effects of children’s work on education. Child labor is an economic necessity for household survival; it has detrimental effects on education by reducing school attendances. child labor is a cogent reason for children’s lateness to school. Furthermore, child labor leads to a reduction in other human capital inputs such as time to study, and consequently a negative perception of academic performance. A large proportion of households live at a minimum level of expenses due to factors such as weak economic base, galloping inflationary measures, high rate of unemployment, and the inadequate incomes of parents. This adverse socio- economic situation is compounded by the challenging political and cultural crises in many countries, as evidenced by civil wars, genocide, famine, drought, HIV/AIDS epidemic, and structural adjustment programs. Consequently, African children are impacted by these powerful processes, and are often placed in the margins of public arena through their joining both the wage and non wage markets Thus, at the household level, children’s economic production has become an important aspect of economic survival strategies. Many children spend several hours working outside the home in order to bring additional income to the household. A significant proportion is involved in petty trading and services (as street hawkers, domestic servants, and in apprenticeship positions) or even working as street beggars. In urban areas (verlet 1994; amin 1994). much of what we know about the impacts of child labor is based on speculative evidence from estimates prepared by the international labor organization (ilo, 1996; 1991) and anecdotal media reports (e.g. the guardian: may 17, 2002). Yet some others focus on street children who ran away from homes for various reasons and their survival mechanisms.
The apparent neglect of studies on child labor in Africa, and in
Nigeria, in particular, may be partly attributed to the huge attention that development scholars have paid to adult employment, especially women’s work and its relationship to fertility, mortality, and migration in the 1980s and 1990s. Furthermore, children have lower social status than adults, a perception that negatively affects the value placed on their work(Bass 2004). And although children are seen as workers in both formal and informal sectors in many countries, yet they are perceived as “invisible workers”, and consequently they are neglect (Grier 2004). The invisibility arises from the fact the term child labor is socially constructed-- in some cases as “help”
or as a “socialization process” that trains children for their adult
roles and for future occupations. The common explanation is that larger number of children in a household reduces the educational opportunity of each child. the impact of children’s labor force activities on schooling-related issues such as school absences, lateness, and academic performance rather than focusing only on the impact of parental resources on children’s education.
These studies indicate that children perform better in school
when they have fewer as opposed to many siblings. The research either of the reasons or of the forms that this cycling takes place at each point of time, is beyond the limits of the present paper. In any case we are convinced that it should not be done on the basis of the assumption of individualism and reductionism on which it was rested almost exclusively in the recent years.